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  • Graphics library used by Windows Vista Freecell and Solitaire

    - by David Grayson
    Does anyone know what graphics library is used to create the graphics in the Solitaire and Freecell games included with Windows Vista (e.g. XNA, GDI, WPF)? A good answer would include the name of the library and evidence. I looked at solitaire.exe with dependency walker and it shows many calls to gdi32.dll and gdiplus.dll, but also a call to Direct3DCreate9 in d3d9.dll.

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  • Issue with clipping rectangles and back to front rendering

    - by Milo
    Here is my problem. My rendering algorithm renders from back to front. But logically, clipping rectangles need to be applied from front to back. Hence why the following does not work: void AguiWidgetManager::recursiveRender(const AguiWidget *root) { //recursively calls itself to render widgets from back to front AguiWidget* nonConstRoot = (AguiWidget*)root; if(!nonConstRoot->isVisable()) { return; } //push the clipping rectangle if(nonConstRoot->isClippingChildren()) { graphicsContext->pushClippingRect(nonConstRoot->getClippingRectangle()); } if(nonConstRoot->isEnabled()) { nonConstRoot->paint(AguiPaintEventArgs(true,graphicsContext)); for(std::vector<AguiWidget*>::const_iterator it = root->getPrivateChildBeginIterator(); it != root->getPrivateChildEndIterator(); ++it) { recursiveRender(*it); } for(std::vector<AguiWidget*>::const_iterator it = root->getChildBeginIterator(); it != root->getChildEndIterator(); ++it) { recursiveRender(*it); } } else { nonConstRoot->paint(AguiPaintEventArgs(false,graphicsContext)); for(std::vector<AguiWidget*>::const_iterator it = root->getPrivateChildBeginIterator(); it != root->getPrivateChildEndIterator(); ++it) { recursiveRenderDisabled(*it); } for(std::vector<AguiWidget*>::const_iterator it = root->getChildBeginIterator(); it != root->getChildEndIterator(); ++it) { recursiveRenderDisabled(*it); } } //release clipping rectangle if(nonConstRoot->isClippingChildren()) { graphicsContext->popClippingRect(); } } I could ofcourse go to the top of the tree, then apply clipping rectangles inward until I get to the currently rendered widget, but that would involve lots of clipping rectangles @ 60 frames per second. I want to minimize calls to pushing and popping rectangles. What could I do, Thanks

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  • OpenGL ES clarifying question regarding FBOs -- sorry can't find this info anywhere else?

    - by DevDevDev
    If I instantiate an FBO without binding a rendering buffer or a texture to it, what happens when I draw to it, nothing? Do I need to associate a rendering target (renderbuffer or texture) to have an FBO do anything? What I'm trying to do is precache some buffers and then merge them later, but that doesn't seem to work at all. Ideally I'd like to do something like glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, fbo1); // Draw some stuff to fbo1 glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, fbo2); // Draw some stuff to fbo2 // ... // ... // glRenderFbo(fbo1); -- Not a func // Set blending, etc. etc. // glRenderFbo(fbo2); -- Not a func

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  • How to merge two FBOs?

    - by DevDevDev
    OK so I have 4 buffers, 3 FBOs and a render buffer. Let me explain. I have a view FBO, which will store the scene before I render it to the render buffer. I have a background buffer, which contains the background of the scene. I have a user buffer, which the user manipulates. When the user makes some action I draw to the user buffer, using some blending. Then to redraw the whole scene what I want to do is clear the view buffer, draw the background buffer to the view buffer, change the blending, then draw the user buffer to the view buffer. Finally render the view buffer to the render buffer. However I can't figure out how to draw a FBO to another FBO. What I want to do is essentially merge and blend two FBOs, but I can't figure out how! I'm very new to OpenGL ES, so thanks for all the help.

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  • If I'm using a 1d array to represent a square board, how can I take my index and check the sqaures a

    - by FrankTheTank
    If I have a 4x4 gameboard which I'm representing in my program as a 1d integer array of size 16. How can I get the indexs of the squares above, below, to the left and to the right any given index? So, for example: A = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 } Which represents this board 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Lets say I am currently on index #8 in the board (value = 7). How can I get the index for 4 (value = 3) , 5 (value = 6), 10 (value = 11) and realize that there is no right square because it is on the right hand edge of the board. I know I need to use some modulus math but I'm failing to come up with the right way to get the indexes for adjacent squares. I'm thinking something like... if ((i % 4) + 1 < 3) right = i + 1; if ((i % 4) - 1 > 0) left = i - 1; if ((i % 4) + 4 < 15) bottom = i + 4; if ((i % 4) - 4 > 0 ) top = i - 4; Does this seem like it is the right approach?

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  • Registering InputListener in libGDX

    - by JPRO
    I'm just getting started with libGDX and have run into a snag registering an InputListener for a button. I've gone through many examples and this code appears correct to me but the associated callback never triggers ("touched" is not printed to console). I'm just posting the code with the abstract game screen and the implementing screen. The application starts successfully with a label of "Exit" in the bottom left hand corner, but clicking the button/label does nothing. I'm guessing the fix is something simple. What am I overlooking? public abstract class GameScreen<T> implements Screen { protected final T game; protected final SpriteBatch batch; protected final Stage stage; public GameScreen(T game) { this.game = game; this.batch = new SpriteBatch(); this.stage = new Stage(0, 0, true); } @Override public final void render(float delta) { update(delta); // Clear the screen with the given RGB color (black) Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 1f); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); stage.act(delta); stage.draw(); } public abstract void update(float delta); @Override public void resize(int width, int height) { stage.setViewport(width, height, true); } @Override public void show() { Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); } // hide, pause, resume, dipose } public class ExampleScreen extends GameScreen<MyGame> { private TextButton exitButton; public ExampleScreen(MyGame game) { super(game); } @Override public void show() { super.show(); TextButton.TextButtonStyle buttonStyle = new TextButton.TextButtonStyle(); buttonStyle.font = Font.getFont("Origicide", 32); buttonStyle.fontColor = Color.WHITE; exitButton = new TextButton("Exit", buttonStyle); exitButton.addListener(new InputListener() { @Override public void touchUp (InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { System.out.println("touched"); } }); stage.addActor(exitButton); } @Override public void update(float delta) { } }

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  • flash as3, fade in/out layering problem

    - by Jackson Smith
    Ok, what im trying to do is make a day to night cycle behind my landscape. There is a sun and a moon, they rotate in a circle on opposite sides. (i.e. the sun is up when the moon is down and vice versa) when the sun is coming up it should fade from the night movieclip to the dawn movieclip, then when the sun is up a little bit more, fade into the day moviclip, this works quite well, but, for some reason, when it gets to the sunset, it just wont work :/ and the same goes for when it goes from the sunset to night :/ any and all healp is greatly appreciated, ive spent 5 hours trying to figure this out and cant! please help! stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, daynightcycle) //setChildIndex(night, getChildIndex(day)); setChildIndex(sunset, 0); setChildIndex(day, 1); setChildIndex(dawn, 2); setChildIndex(night, 3); function daynightcycle(e:Event):void { if(sun.currentLabel == "dawn") { setChildIndex(sunset, 0); setChildIndex(day, 1); setChildIndex(dawn, 2); setChildIndex(night, 3); stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, nightTdawn); }else if(sun.currentLabel == "sunset") { setChildIndex(dawn, 0); setChildIndex(night, 1); setChildIndex(sunset, 2); setChildIndex(day, 3); stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, dayTsunset); }else if(sun.currentLabel == "night") { setChildIndex(day, 0); setChildIndex(dawn, 1); setChildIndex(night, 2); setChildIndex(sunset, 3); stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, sunsetTnight); }else if(sun.currentLabel == "day") { setChildIndex(night, 0); setChildIndex(sunset, 1); setChildIndex(day, 2); setChildIndex(dawn, 3); stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, dawnTday); }else if(sun.currentLabel == "switch") { stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, switchLayers); } } function nightTdawn(e:Event):void { if(night.alpha != 0) { night.alpha -= 0.01; }else { stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, nightTdawn); night.alpha = 100; //setChildIndex(night, getChildIndex(sunset)); } } function dayTsunset(e:Event):void { if(day.alpha != 0) { day.alpha -= 0.01; }else { stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, dayTsunset); day.alpha = 100; //setChildIndex(day, getChildIndex(dawn)); } //day.visible = false; //sunset.visible = true; } function sunsetTnight(e:Event):void { if(sunset.alpha != 0) { sunset.alpha -= 0.01; }else{ stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, sunsetTnight); sunset.alpha = 100; //setChildIndex(sunset, (getChildIndex(day))); } //sunset.visible = false; //night.visible = true; } function dawnTday(e:Event):void { sunset.visible = true; day.visible = true; if(dawn.alpha != 0) { dawn.alpha -= 0.01; }else{ stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, dawnTday); dawn.alpha = 100; //setChildIndex(dawn, (getChildIndex(night))); } } function switchLayers(e:Event):void { setChildIndex(dawn, 0); setChildIndex(night, 1); setChildIndex(sunset, 2); setChildIndex(day, 3); night.alpha = 100; sunset.alpha = 100; day.alpha = 100; dawn.alpha = 100; stage.removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, switchLayers); }

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  • Representing robot's elbow angle in 3-D

    - by Onkar Deshpande
    I am given coordinates of two points in 3-D viz. shoulder point and object point(to which I am supposed to reach). I am also given the length from my shoulder-to-elbow arm and the length of my forearm. I am trying to solve for the unknown position(the position of the joint elbow). I am using cosine rule to find out the elbow angle. Here is my code - #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct point { double x, y, z; }; struct angles { double clock_wise; double counter_clock_wise; }; double max(double a, double b) { return (a > b) ? a : b; } /* * Check if the combination can make a triangle by considering the fact that sum * of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the remaining side. The * overlapping condition of links is handled separately in main(). */ int valid_triangle(struct point p0, double l0, struct point p1, double l1) { double dist = sqrt(pow((fabs(p1.z - p0.z)), 2) + pow((fabs(p1.y - p0.y)), 2) + pow((fabs(p1.x - p0.x)), 2)); if((max(dist, l0) == dist) && max(dist, l1) == dist) { return (dist < (l0 + l1)); } else if((max(dist, l0) == l0) && (max(l0, l1) == l0)) { return (l0 < (dist + l1)); } else { return (l1 < (dist + l0)); } } /* * Cosine rule is used to find the elbow angle. Positive value indicates a * counter clockwise angle while negative value indicates a clockwise angle. * Since this problem has at max 2 solutions for any given position of P0 and * P1, I am returning a structure of angles which can be used to consider angles * from both direction viz. clockwise-negative and counter-clockwise-positive */ void return_config(struct point p0, double l0, struct point p1, double l1, struct angles *a) { double dist = sqrt(pow((fabs(p1.z - p0.z)), 2) + pow((fabs(p1.y - p0.y)), 2) + pow((fabs(p1.x - p0.x)), 2)); double degrees = (double) acos((l0 * l0 + l1 * l1 - dist * dist) / (2 * l0 * l1)) * (180.0f / 3.1415f); a->clock_wise = -degrees; a->counter_clock_wise = degrees; } int main() { struct point p0, p1; struct angles a; p0.x = 15, p0.y = 4, p0.z = 0; p1.x = 20, p1.y = 4, p1.z = 0; double l0 = 5, l1 = 8; if(valid_triangle(p0, l0, p1, l1)) { printf("Three lengths can make a valid configuration \n"); return_config(p0, l0, p1, l1, &a); printf("Angle of the elbow point (clockwise) = %lf, (counter clockwise) = %lf \n", a.clock_wise, a.counter_clock_wise); } else { double dist = sqrt(pow((fabs(p1.z - p0.z)), 2) + pow((fabs(p1.y - p0.y)), 2) + pow((fabs(p1.x - p0.x)), 2)); if((dist <= (l0 + l1)) && (dist > l0)) { a.clock_wise = -180.0f; a.counter_clock_wise = 180.0f; printf("Angle of the elbow point (clockwise) = %lf, (counter clockwise) = %lf \n", a.clock_wise, a.counter_clock_wise); } else if((dist <= fabs(l0 - l1)) && (dist < l0)){ a.clock_wise = -0.0f; a.counter_clock_wise = 0.0f; printf("Angle of the elbow point (clockwise) = %lf, (counter clockwise) = %lf \n", a.clock_wise, a.counter_clock_wise); } else printf("Given combination cannot make a valid configuration\n"); } return 0; } However, this solution makes sense only in 2-D. Because clockwise and counter-clockwise are meaningless without an axis and direction of rotation. Returning only an angle is technically correct but it leaves a lot of work for the client of this function to use the result in meaningful way. How can I make the changes to get the axis and direction of rotation ? Also, I want to know how many possible solution could be there for this problem. Please let me know your thoughts ! Any help is highly appreciated ...

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  • Is it Pythonic to have a class keep track of its instances?

    - by Lightbreeze
    Take the following code snippet class Missile: instances = [] def __init__(self): Missile.instances.append(self) Now take the code: class Hero(): ... def fire(self): Missile() When the hero fires, a missile needs to be created and appended to the main list. Thus the hero object needs to reference the list when it fires. Here are a few solutions, although I'm sure there are others: Make the list a global, Use a class variable (as above), or Have the hero object hold a reference to the list. I didn't post this on gamedev because my question is actually more general: Is the previous code considered okay? Given a situation like this, is there a more Pythonic solution?

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  • A RenderTargetView cannot be created from a NULL Resource

    - by numerical25
    I am trying to create my render target view but I get this error from direct X A RenderTargetView cannot be created from a NULL Resource To my knowledge it seems that I must fill the rendertarget pointer with data before passing it. But I am having trouble figure out how. Below is my declaration and implementation declaration #pragma once #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" #include "d3d10.h" #include "d3dx10.h" #include "dinput.h" #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 class RenderEngine { protected: RECT m_screenRect; //direct3d Members ID3D10Device *m_pDevice; // The IDirect3DDevice10 // interface ID3D10Texture2D *m_pBackBuffer; // Pointer to the back buffer ID3D10RenderTargetView *m_pRenderTargetView; // Pointer to render target view IDXGISwapChain *m_pSwapChain; // Pointer to the swap chain RECT m_rcScreenRect; // The dimensions of the screen ID3DX10Font *m_pFont; // The font used for rendering text // Sprites used to hold font characters ID3DX10Sprite *m_pFontSprite; ATOM RegisterEngineClass(); void Present(); public: static HINSTANCE m_hInst; HWND m_hWnd; int m_nCmdShow; TCHAR m_szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text TCHAR m_szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // the main window class name void DrawTextString(int x, int y, D3DXCOLOR color, const TCHAR *strOutput); //static functions static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); static INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); bool InitWindow(); bool InitDirectX(); bool InitInstance(); int Run(); RenderEngine() { m_screenRect.right = 800; m_screenRect.bottom = 600; } }; my implementation bool RenderEngine::InitDirectX() { //potential error. You did not set to zero memory and you did not set the scaling property DXGI_MODE_DESC bd; bd.Width = m_screenRect.right; bd.Height = m_screenRect.bottom; bd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; bd.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; bd.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC sd; sd.Count = 1; sd.Quality = 0; DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapDesc; ZeroMemory(&swapDesc, sizeof(swapDesc)); swapDesc.BufferDesc = bd; swapDesc.SampleDesc = sd; swapDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapDesc.OutputWindow = m_hWnd; swapDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD, swapDesc.Windowed = true; swapDesc.Flags = 0; HRESULT hr; hr = D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG, D3D10_SDK_VERSION , &swapDesc, &m_pSwapChain, &m_pDevice); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; // Create a render target view hr = m_pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( m_pBackBuffer, NULL, &m_pRenderTargetView); // FAILS RIGHT HERE // if(FAILED(hr)) return false; return true; }

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  • Alpha-Beta cutoff

    - by Becky
    I understand the basics of this search, however the beta cut-off part is confusing me, when beta <= value of alphabeta I can either return beta, break, or continue the loop. return beta doesn't seem to work properly at all, it returns the wrong players move for a different state of the board (further into the search tree) break seems to work correctly, it is very fast but it seems a bit TOO fast continue is a lot slower than break but it seems more correct...I'm guessing this is the right way but pseudocode on google all use 'break' but because this is pseudocode I'm not sure what they mean by 'break'

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  • Need help with implementing collision detection using the Separating Axis Theorem

    - by Eddie Ringle
    So, after hours of Googling and reading, I've found that the basic process of detecting a collision using SAT is: for each edge of poly A project A and B onto the normal for this edge if intervals do not overlap, return false end for for each edge of poly B project A and B onto the normal for this edge if intervals do not overlap, return false end for However, as many ways as I try to implement this in code, I just cannot get it to detect the collision. My current code is as follows: for (unsigned int i = 0; i < asteroids.size(); i++) { if (asteroids.valid(i)) { asteroids[i]->Update(); // Player-Asteroid collision detection bool collision = true; SDL_Rect asteroidBox = asteroids[i]->boundingBox; // Bullet-Asteroid collision detection for (unsigned int j = 0; j < player.bullets.size(); j++) { if (player.bullets.valid(j)) { Bullet b = player.bullets[j]; collision = true; if (b.x + (b.w / 2.0f) < asteroidBox.x - (asteroidBox.w / 2.0f)) collision = false; if (b.x - (b.w / 2.0f) > asteroidBox.x + (asteroidBox.w / 2.0f)) collision = false; if (b.y - (b.h / 2.0f) > asteroidBox.y + (asteroidBox.h / 2.0f)) collision = false; if (b.y + (b.h / 2.0f) < asteroidBox.y - (asteroidBox.h / 2.0f)) collision = false; if (collision) { bool realCollision = false; float min1, max1, min2, max2; // Create a list of vertices for the bullet CrissCross::Data::LList<Vector2D *> bullVerts; bullVerts.insert(new Vector2D(b.x - b.w / 2.0f, b.y + b.h / 2.0f)); bullVerts.insert(new Vector2D(b.x - b.w / 2.0f, b.y - b.h / 2.0f)); bullVerts.insert(new Vector2D(b.x + b.w / 2.0f, b.y - b.h / 2.0f)); bullVerts.insert(new Vector2D(b.x + b.w / 2.0f, b.y + b.h / 2.0f)); // Create a list of vectors of the edges of the bullet and the asteroid CrissCross::Data::LList<Vector2D *> bullEdges; CrissCross::Data::LList<Vector2D *> asteroidEdges; for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) { int n = (k == 3) ? 0 : k + 1; bullEdges.insert(new Vector2D(bullVerts[k]->x - bullVerts[n]->x, bullVerts[k]->y - bullVerts[n]->y)); asteroidEdges.insert(new Vector2D(asteroids[i]->vertices[k]->x - asteroids[i]->vertices[n]->x, asteroids[i]->vertices[k]->y - asteroids[i]->vertices[n]->y)); } for (unsigned int k = 0; k < asteroidEdges.size(); k++) { Vector2D *axis = asteroidEdges[k]->getPerpendicular(); min1 = max1 = axis->dotProduct(asteroids[i]->vertices[0]); for (unsigned int l = 1; l < asteroids[i]->vertices.size(); l++) { float test = axis->dotProduct(asteroids[i]->vertices[l]); min1 = (test < min1) ? test : min1; max1 = (test > max1) ? test : max1; } min2 = max2 = axis->dotProduct(bullVerts[0]); for (unsigned int l = 1; l < bullVerts.size(); l++) { float test = axis->dotProduct(bullVerts[l]); min2 = (test < min2) ? test : min2; max2 = (test > max2) ? test : max2; } delete axis; axis = NULL; if ( (min1 - max2) > 0 || (min2 - max1) > 0 ) { realCollision = false; break; } else { realCollision = true; } } if (realCollision == false) { for (unsigned int k = 0; k < bullEdges.size(); k++) { Vector2D *axis = bullEdges[k]->getPerpendicular(); min1 = max1 = axis->dotProduct(asteroids[i]->vertices[0]); for (unsigned int l = 1; l < asteroids[i]->vertices.size(); l++) { float test = axis->dotProduct(asteroids[i]->vertices[l]); min1 = (test < min1) ? test : min1; max1 = (test > max1) ? test : max1; } min2 = max2 = axis->dotProduct(bullVerts[0]); for (unsigned int l = 1; l < bullVerts.size(); l++) { float test = axis->dotProduct(bullVerts[l]); min2 = (test < min2) ? test : min2; max2 = (test > max2) ? test : max2; } delete axis; axis = NULL; if ( (min1 - max2) > 0 || (min2 - max1) > 0 ) { realCollision = false; break; } else { realCollision = true; } } } if (realCollision) { player.bullets.remove(j); int numAsteroids; float newDegree; srand ( j + asteroidBox.x ); if ( asteroids[i]->degree == 90.0f ) { if ( rand() % 2 == 1 ) { numAsteroids = 3; newDegree = 30.0f; } else { numAsteroids = 2; newDegree = 45.0f; } for ( int k = 0; k < numAsteroids; k++) asteroids.insert(new Asteroid(asteroidBox.x + (10 * k), asteroidBox.y + (10 * k), newDegree)); } delete asteroids[i]; asteroids.remove(i); } while (bullVerts.size()) { delete bullVerts[0]; bullVerts.remove(0); } while (bullEdges.size()) { delete bullEdges[0]; bullEdges.remove(0); } while (asteroidEdges.size()) { delete asteroidEdges[0]; asteroidEdges.remove(0); } } } } } } bullEdges is a list of vectors of the edges of a bullet, asteroidEdges is similar, and bullVerts and asteroids[i].vertices are, obviously, lists of vectors of each vertex for the respective bullet or asteroid. Honestly, I'm not looking for code corrections, just a fresh set of eyes.

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  • Cocos2D installation?

    - by Tate Allen
    Hello, I am trying to install cocos2D but when I put it into terminal, I get the error: Error: This script must be run as root in order to copy templates to /Library/Application Support/Developer/Shared/Xcode What am I doing wrong here? Thanks in advance, Tate

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  • TicTacToe AI Making Incorrect Decisions

    - by Chris Douglass
    A little background: as a way to learn multinode trees in C++, I decided to generate all possible TicTacToe boards and store them in a tree such that the branch beginning at a node are all boards that can follow from that node, and the children of a node are boards that follow in one move. After that, I thought it would be fun to write an AI to play TicTacToe using that tree as a decision tree. TTT is a solvable problem where a perfect player will never lose, so it seemed an easy AI to code for my first time trying an AI. Now when I first implemented the AI, I went back and added two fields to each node upon generation: the # of times X will win & the # of times O will win in all children below that node. I figured the best solution was to simply have my AI on each move choose and go down the subtree where it wins the most times. Then I discovered that while it plays perfect most of the time, I found ways where I could beat it. It wasn't a problem with my code, simply a problem with the way I had the AI choose it's path. Then I decided to have it choose the tree with either the maximum wins for the computer or the maximum losses for the human, whichever was more. This made it perform BETTER, but still not perfect. I could still beat it. So I have two ideas and I'm hoping for input on which is better: 1) Instead of maximizing the wins or losses, instead I could assign values of 1 for a win, 0 for a draw, and -1 for a loss. Then choosing the tree with the highest value will be the best move because that next node can't be a move that results in a loss. It's an easy change in the board generation, but it retains the same search space and memory usage. Or... 2) During board generation, if there is a board such that either X or O will win in their next move, only the child that prevents that win will be generated. No other child nodes will be considered, and then generation will proceed as normal after that. It shrinks the size of the tree, but then I have to implement an algorithm to determine if there is a one move win and I think that can only be done in linear time (making board generation a lot slower I think?) Which is better, or is there an even better solution?

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  • iPhone Rendering Question

    - by slythic
    Hi all, I'm new to iPhone/Objective-C development. I "jumped the gun" and started reading and implementing some chapters from O'Reilly's iPhone Development. I was following the ebook's code exactly and my code was generating the following error: CGContextSetFillColorWithColor: invalid context CGContextFillRects: invalid context CGContextSetFillColorWithColor: invalid context CGContextGetShouldSmoothFonts: invalid context However, when I downloaded the sample code for the same chapter the code is different. Book Code: - (void) Render { CGContextRef g = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); //fill background with gray CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(g, [UIColor grayColor].CGColor); CGContextFillRect(g, CGRectMake(0, 0, self.frame.size.width, self.frame.size.height)); //draw text in black. CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(g, [UIColor blackColor].CGColor); [@"O'Reilly Rules!" drawAtPoint:CGPointMake(10.0, 20.0) withFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:[UIFont systemFontSize]]]; } Actual Project Code from the website (works): - (void) Render { [self setNeedsDisplay]; //this sets up a deferred call to drawRect. } - (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { CGContextRef g = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); //fill background with gray CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(g, [UIColor grayColor].CGColor); CGContextFillRect(g, CGRectMake(0, 0, self.frame.size.width, self.frame.size.height)); //draw text in black. CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(g, [UIColor blackColor].CGColor); [@"O'Reilly Rules!" drawAtPoint:CGPointMake(10.0, 20.0) withFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:[UIFont systemFontSize]]]; } What is it about these lines of code that make the app render correctly? - (void) Render { [self setNeedsDisplay]; //this sets up a deferred call to drawRect. } - (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { Thanks in advance for helping out a newbie!

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  • cannot retrieve effect.fx file

    - by numerical25
    I am having issues loading my effect.fx from directx. When I step into my application, my ID3D10Effect *m_pDefaultEffect; pointer remains empty. the address remains at 0x000000 below is my code #pragma once #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" #include "d3d10.h" #include "d3dx10.h" #include "dinput.h" #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 class RenderEngine { protected: RECT m_screenRect; //direct3d Members ID3D10Device *m_pDevice; // The IDirect3DDevice10 // interface ID3D10Texture2D *m_pBackBuffer; // Pointer to the back buffer ID3D10RenderTargetView *m_pRenderTargetView; // Pointer to render target view IDXGISwapChain *m_pSwapChain; // Pointer to the swap chain RECT m_rcScreenRect; // The dimensions of the screen ID3D10Texture2D *m_pDepthStencilBuffer; ID3D10DepthStencilState *m_pDepthStencilState; ID3D10DepthStencilView *m_pDepthStencilView; //transformation matrixs D3DXMATRIX g_mtxWorld; D3DXMATRIX g_mtxView; D3DXMATRIX g_mtxProj; //Effect members ID3D10Effect *m_pDefaultEffect; ID3D10EffectTechnique *m_pDefaultTechnique; ID3DX10Font *m_pFont; // The font used for rendering text // Sprites used to hold font characters ID3DX10Sprite *m_pFontSprite; ATOM RegisterEngineClass(); void DoFrame(float); bool LoadEffects(); public: static HINSTANCE m_hInst; HWND m_hWnd; int m_nCmdShow; TCHAR m_szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text TCHAR m_szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // the main window class name void DrawTextString(int x, int y, D3DXCOLOR color, const TCHAR *strOutput); //static functions static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); static INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); bool InitWindow(); bool InitDirectX(); bool InitInstance(); int Run(); void ShutDown(); RenderEngine() { m_screenRect.right = 800; m_screenRect.bottom = 600; } }; below is the implementation bool RenderEngine::LoadEffects() { HRESULT hr; ID3D10Blob *pErrors = 0; // Create the default rendering effect hr = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile(L"effect.fx", NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", D3D10_SHADER_DEBUG, 0, m_pDevice, NULL, NULL, &m_pDefaultEffect, &pErrors, NULL); if(pErrors)// at this point, m_pDefaultEffect is still empty but pErrors returns data which means there is {//errors return false; //ends here } //m_pDefaultTechnique = m_pDefaultEffect->GetTechniqueByName("DefaultTechnique"); return true; } My directx Device does work. My effect.fx file is in the same folder as my solution files (.cpp and header files)

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  • Texture allocations being doubled in iPhone OpenGL ES

    - by Kyle
    The below couple lines are called 15 times during initialization. The tx-size is reported at 512 everytime, so this will allocate a 1mb image in memory 15 times, for a total of 15mb used.. However, I noticed instruments is reporting a total of 31 allocations! (15*2)+1 glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, tx-size, tx-size, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, spriteData); free(spriteData); Likewise in another area of my program that allocates 6 256x256x4 (256kB) textures.. I see 13 sitting there. (6*2)+1 Anyone know what's going on here? It seems like awful memory management, and I really hope it's my fault. Just to let everyone know, I'm on the simulator.

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  • How have popular iPhone games been ported to Android?

    - by Cirrostratus
    I am not asking how could they have been, I want to know the real answer. Doodle Jump, Paper Toss and some others have versions on the iPhone and Android that are nearly exactly the same, with the iPhone version coming first. There is a small Objective-C compiler project for Android's NDK but the timing isn't right for these apps. There's also an Android port of Cocos2d but I doubt Doodle Jump used that. Titanium? Doubtful. As their respective code bases grow, I figure it'd get harder and harder to do an exact port from Objective-C to Java every release so I wonder if there is a better way. Are they sharing C++ code for example?

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  • Download the Original Fallout For Free Today [4/6]

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Fallout, the first game in the popular post-apocalyptic RPG series, is available for free today. Grab the game along with a detailed manual, game bible, soundtrack, and more. Courtesty of gaming site GOG, you can score a free Fallout bundle that includes the original game from 1997, a detailed manual, a 200+ page game bible filled with the history of the Fallout games and timeline, wallpaper, artwork, and even the game soundtrack. Not a bad haul for a single free download that weighs in at 506MB. Check out the video of the in-game introduction above and then hit up the link below to grab a copy. Fallout [GOG via Boing Boing] How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 3 How to Sync Your Media Across Your Entire House with XBMC How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 2

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  • Finding the intersection of two vector equations.

    - by Matthew Mitchell
    I've been trying to solve this and I found an equation that gives the possibility of zero division errors. Not the best thing: v1 = (a,b) v2 = (c,d) d1 = (e,f) d2 = (h,i) l1: v1 + ?d1 l2: v2 + µd2 Equation to find vector intersection of l1 and l2 programatically by re-arranging for lambda. (a,b) + ?(e,f) = (c,d) + µ(h,i) a + ?e = c + µh b +?f = d + µi µh = a + ?e - c µi = b +?f - d µ = (a + ?e - c)/h µ = (b +?f - d)/i (a + ?e - c)/h = (b +?f - d)/i a/h + ?e/h - c/h = b/i +?f/i - d/i ?e/h - ?f/i = (b/i - d/i) - (a/h - c/h) ?(e/h - f/i) = (b - d)/i - (a - c)/h ? = ((b - d)/i - (a - c)/h)/(e/h - f/i) Intersection vector = (a + ?e,b + ?f) Not sure if it would even work in some cases. I haven't tested it. I need to know how to do this for values as in that example a-i. Thank you.

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