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• Execute background program in bash without job control

  - by Wu Yongzheng

  I often execute GUI programs, such as firefox and evince from shell. If I type "firefox &", firefox is considered as a bash job, so "fg" will bring it to foreground and "hang" the shell. This becomes annoying when I have some background jobs such as vim already running. What I want is to launch firefox and dis-associate it with bash. Consider the following ideal case with my imaginary runbg: $ vim foo.tex ctrl+z and vim is job 1 $ pdflatex foo $ runbg evince foo.pdf evince runs in background and I get me bash prompt back $ fg vim goes foreground Is there any way to do this using existing program? If no, I will write my own runbg.

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• Writing my first bash script (line 2: testscript: No such file or directory)

  - by skyeagle

  I am attempting to write my first shell script (I'm running Ubuntu 10.x) This is what my 'script' looks like cd /path/to/directory/cronscripts . testscript I put the following debug statements (after the cd), in the script above to make sure everything was ok: pwd echo `ls -lhrt` and it displayed all the files in the directory. So I dont understand the error message I am getting. I have the following two questions Why am I getting the above error message and how do I fix it? My script seems to run fine without a shebang in the first line - infact when I try either of the following: #!/usr/bin/bash #!/usr/bin/bash env I get the following error message: /usr/bin/bash: bad interpreter: No such file or directory What is the purpose of the shebang statement and why do I get the above error when I try to include it in my script/ how do I fix it, so I can add the shebang (is it necessary? - it seems most script examples have the shebang - but I'm not sure if it is a must, as the script runs without it).

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• Empty /var/log after running cron bash script

  - by Ortix92

  I wrote a little bash script and all of a sudden my /var/log folder is completely empty except for the log I created for the bash script. This is the script I'm running every hour with cron: #!/bin/bash STL_DIR=/path/to/some/folder/i/hid LOGFILE=/var/log/stl_upload.log now=`date` echo "----------Start of Transmission----------" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE echo "Starting transfer at $now" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE rsync -av -e ssh $STL_DIR [email protected]:/users/path/folder 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE echo "----------End of transmission----------" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE printf "\n" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE I want to be clear that I'm not 100% certain this is related to the empty logs folder. So if anyone could give me a pointer as to what could be going on about the reason why my log folder is empty, that'd be great.

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• bash disable line wrap without truncation

  - by Eric Huang

  I am using a template heavy library in c++ and need to understand the template errors. Reading line wrapped template errors is a serious pain. Is there a way to disable line wrapping in bash without also truncating the output. Additionally, is there a way to do horizontal scrolling on the output. I have seen this answer, how to make bash not to wrap output?, but the output is truncated. The solution doesn't have to be bash targeted, if there is method for this using another shell, tmux, piping make output to another program, compiling from within vim, etc, I'll use it. (Except for copy-pasting into gedit)

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• how to souce a csh script in bash to set the enviroment

  - by Daniel

  We have oracle running on Solaris, and the shell is by default CSH. So the login script set the oracle_home,oracle_sid in csh also. But I don't like csh and want to use bash to do my work. So how to source the csh login script in bash? e.g, the following is what in the .cshrc file. And when use bash, I'd like use these variables. One way is to copy the variables again and use bash command, such as export ORACLE_SID=TEST. But doing so will let us to maintain two copy of the files. And when we change the database name, or upgrade the database, I need to maintian the bash login file seperately. It's nice to just use something like source .cshr in bash, but it doesn't work. setenv ORACLE_SID TEST setenv ORACLE_HOME /oracle/TEST/home/products/10204 setenv EPC_DISABLED TRUE setenv MANPATH /usr/local/man:/usr/share/man setenv EDITOR vi setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/sfw/lib/64 setenv NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 setenv NLS_DATE_FORMAT "DD-MON-RR"

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• Is there a bash shortcut for traversing similar directory structures?

  - by Steve Weet

  The Korn shell used to have a very useful option to cd for traversing similar directory structures e.g. given the following directorys /home/sweet/dev/projects/trunk/projecta/app/models /home/andy/dev/projects/trunk/projecta/app/models Then if you were in the /home/sweet.... directory then you could change to the equivalent directory in andy's structure by typing cd sweet andy So if ksh saw 2 arguments then it would scan the current directory path for the first value, replace it with the second and cd there. Is anyone aware of similar functionality in bash. EDIT 1 Following on from Michal's excellent answer I have now created the following bash function called scd (For Sideways cd) function scd { cd "${PWD/$1/$2}" } EDIT 2 Thanks to @digitalross I can now reproduce the ksh functionality exactly with the code from below (With the addition of a pwd to tell you where you have changed to) cd () { if [ "x$2" != x ]; then builtin cd ${PWD/$1/$2} pwd else builtin cd "$@" fi }

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• GCC compile result from Bash script

  - by user38928

  hi i'am not really fluent in bash shell script, i'am doing some compilation using gcc that executed by bash script, how do I know (check) if the compilation was successful or not? any example?

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• In Bash, file starts with a "-"

  - by Dean J

  An application created a directory called "-123456" in my /tmp directory. In Bash, rm -rf * returns: bash: cd: -7: invalid option rm -rf "-123456" Same thing. Help?

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• Getting more helpful tab completion prompts in bash?

  - by Rory McCann

  Let's say I have a directory with a few files in it like this: $ ls file1 file2 file3 And I want to do some tab completion in bash: $ cat file<tab> file1 file2 file3 I remember seeing someone doing tab completion and the shell bolded the next parts, so in this case, it would bold the 1, 2 and 3 of the filename so it'll look like this: file**1** file**2** file**3** which will tell you what you should type in next. I think this was a feature of zsh, but is there any way to get it in bash?

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• bash vs sh | What is the difference

  - by Saif Bechan

  In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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• Bash Script To Repair Directory and File Ownership

  - by ServerChecker

  My client had me deploy some folders out to a bunch of home directories for his customer websites. I did this with a Bash script, but it ended up using the root account permissions. How do I make a Bash script that takes each folder under /home/user (not hidden files or folders), gets the user and group ownership of that folder, and then does a chown -R {user}.{group} /home/user? The servers are running CentOS Linux.

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• Run bash script with command line arguments

  - by Trey Parkman

  I want to do /usr/bin/bash myscript.sh -args which, as it stands, runs the script but doesn't pass the args to it. I realize that the conventional syntax is simply ./myscript.sh -args but I'm curious as to what I need to do in order to call the script from bash explicitly.

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• Launching an application from Bash

  - by JBoy

  I'm right now busy with moving the first steps into Linux, i'm using a bash shell within a mac osx I see in all tutorials that in order to launch an application from the bash its necessary to cd to its directory and simply type the name of the app. This is exatly what i'm doing and it does not work (i have on my desktop a 'Eclipse' folder with the launcher icon in it): cd Desktop cd Eclipse Eclipse.app Why will this not work? I read everywhere that typing the name of the app its enough

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• How to load powershell profile from cygwin bash?

  - by Jon Erickson

  So in cygwin bash I am able to type "powershell" to bring me into a powershell prompt but it won't load my powershell profile.ps1 due to not being able to execute scripts, but I can't set the execution policy in this prompt... So I tried running the default powershell prompt (as administrator) and was able to set the execution policy to remote signed, but it doesn't affect the powershell within bash what am I missing?

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• Bash Shell Tutorials

  - by The Green Frog

  What are some good bash tutorials? I would like to learn more about the bash shells commands and how to use them.

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• How can I invoke a function in bash shell script

  - by sufery

  !/bin/bash one_func(){ echo 'abcd' } echo $(one_func) echo one_func the end I just wonder the distinction calling the function between $(one_function) and one_function in bash shell script. When I set the variable "PS1" in ~/.bashrc, I can't invoke the function by one_func e: export PS1="\n[\e[31m]\$(one_func)" it work export PS1="\n[\e[31m]one_func" it doesn't work

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• Bash command to focus a specific window.

  - by D Connors

  Is there a way, in bash command line, to give focus to a specific window of a running process. Assume I know the process' name, number, and anything else I need. For instance, if I have a single instance of Firefox running, but it's minimized (or there's some other window on top of it). I need a bash command that brings up and gives focus to the Firefox window, by making it the active window. Thanks

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• (Ubuntu) setuid bash doesn't work

  - by ???

  Here is the code: (root:) # mkdir /test # cp /bin/bash /test/sbash # chmod a+s /test/sbash (user1:) $ cd /test $ ./sbash $ mkdir trycreate mkdir: cannot create directory `trycreate': Permission denied And bash scripts with setuid bit set not work, either. By the way, my setuid perl script works: test.pl: (with setuid bit set, owner=root) #!/usr/bin/perl mkdir('/test/tryperlcreate') or die 'failed'; execute test.pl by user1 will create the directory owned by root.

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• Error running bash script - No matching processes

  - by Bashity

  I am trying to kill Xcode by running killall Xcode.app, which works normally when I run it through terminal. However, if I put it into a bash script that I keep on my Desktop called re_xcode, the script will output the following error. Please can you tell me where I am going wrong? No matching processes belonging to you were found The file /Users/Max/Desktop/Applications/Xcode.app does not exist. #!/bin/bash killall Xcode.app open ./Applications/Xcode.app

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• echo newline character not working in bash

  - by Bashuser

  I have bash script which has lots of echo statements and also I aliased echo to echo -e both in .bash_profile and .bashrc, so that new lines are printed properly for a statement like echo 'Hello\nWorld' the output should be Hello World but the output I am getting is Hello\nWorld I even tried using shopt -s expand_aliases in the script, it doesn't help I am running my script as bash /scripts/scriptnm.sh; if I run it as . /scripts/scriptnm.sh I am getting the desired output...

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• What is the difference between bash and sh

  - by Saif Bechan

  In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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• Comments in a multi-line bash command

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  This single-command BASH script file is difficult to understand, so I want to write a comment for each of the actions: grep -R "%" values* \ | sed -e "s/%/\n%/" \ | grep "%" \ | grep -v " % " \ | grep -v " %<" \ | grep -v "%s" \ | grep -v "%d" \ | grep -v "%1$s" I would hate having to duplicate lines, or having each comment far away from the line it applies to. But at the same time BASH does not seem to allow "in-line" comments. Any elegant way to solve this problem?

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• Can't log in via SSH to any accounts set to use /bin/bash as a default shell

  - by Gui Ambros

  I'm trying to install bash as the default shell on a ARM Linux running on an embedded device (Synology DS212+ NAS). But there's something really wrong, and I can't figure out what it is. Symptoms: 1) Root has /bin/bash as default shell, and can log in normally via SSH: $ grep root /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash $ ssh root@NAS root@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:06:56 2012 from desktop # 2) joeuser has /bin/bash as default shell, and receives "Permission denied" when trying to log in via SSH: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/bash $ ssh joeuser@localhost joeuser@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:07:22 2012 from desktop Permission denied, please try again. Connection to localhost closed. 3) changing joeuser's shell back to /bin/sh: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/sh $ ssh joeuser@localhost Last login: Sun Dec 16 15:50:52 2012 from localhost $ To make things even more strange, I can log in as joeuser using /bin/bash using the serial console (!). Also a su - joeuser as root works fine, so the bash binary itself is working fine. In an act of despair, I changed joeuser's uid to 0 on /etc/passwd, but also didn't work, so it doesn't seem to be anything permission related. Seems that bash is doing some extra checking that sshd didn't like, and blocking the connections for non-root users. Maybe some sort of sanity checking - or terminal emulation - that is triggering the SIGCHLD, but only when called via ssh. I already went through every single item on sshd_config, and also put SSHD in debug mode, but didn't find anything strange. Here's my /etc/ssh/sshd_config: LogLevel DEBUG LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication no UsePAM yes AllowTcpForwarding no ChrootDirectory none Subsystem sftp internal-sftp -f DAEMON -u 000 And here's the output from /usr/syno/sbin/sshd -d, showing the failed attempt of joeuser trying to log in, with /bin/bash as the shell: debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type ECDSA debug1: private host key: #2 type 3 ECDSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/syno/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' Set /proc/self/oom_adj from 0 to -17 debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 6 out 6 newsock 6 pipe -1 sock 9 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 4, 4 Connection from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 debug1: HPN Disabled: 0, HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 SSH: Server;Ltype: Version;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Protocol: 2.0;Client: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1024/100 debug1: MYFLAG IS 1 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: AUTH STATE IS 0 debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none SSH: Server;Ltype: Kex;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Enc: aes128-ctr;MAC: hmac-md5;Comp: none debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method none SSH: Server;Ltype: Authname;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Name: joeuser debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: PAM: initializing for "joeuser" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "localhost" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method password debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted password for joeuser from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: joeuser has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: PAM: establishing credentials User child is on pid 9129 debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 65536 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_by_tty: session 0 tty /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 Received disconnect from 127.0.0.1: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: closing session debug1: PAM: deleting credentials Here you have the full output of sshd -dd, together with ssh -vv. Bash: # bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.49(1)-release (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. The bash binary was cross compiled from source. I also tried using a pre-compiled binary from the Optware distribution, but had the exact same problem. I checked for missing shared libraries using objdump -x, but they're all there. Any ideas what could be causing this "Permission denied, please try again."? I'm almost diving in the bash source code to investigate, but trying to avoid hours chasing something that may be silly.

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• How can I run this script on startup, restart, and shutdown?

  - by Exeleration-G

  I'm using Ubuntu 11.10. I've written a script, that synchronises a directory in ~ with a directory on /dev/sda4, using Unison. Before, I had this script running every five minutes with no problems, using crontab. Right now, I want to execute this script at startup, restart and shutdown only. This is what the script looks like: #!/bin/bash unison -perms 0 -batch "/mnt/Data/Syncfolder/" "/home/myname/Syncfolder/" My crontab configuration was as follows: m h dom mon dow command 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * sh /usr/local/bin/s4lj.bash Note that I copied the script from ~ to /usr/local/bin/ first, to avoid root problems. I've read How to execute script on shutdown? and How to write an init script that will execute an existing start script?. After doing that, I've done this: I've made s4lj.bash executable, and then copied it to /etc/init.d/. For startup, I've made a symlink in /etc/rc2.d/ to /etc/init.d/s4lj.bash, and renamed it to S70s4lj.bash. For restart, I've made a symlink in /etc/rc6.d/ to /etc/init.d/s4lj.bash, and renamed it to K70s4lj.bash. For shutdown, I've made a symlink in /etc/rc0.d/ to /etc/init.d/s4lj.bash, and renamed it to K70s4lj.bash. Still, the script won't be run in any of these situations. How can I make the script get executed? I'd be happiest with a proper *.conf file in /etc/init. Thanks in advance.

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• Run FTP session from bash script

  - by Adam Salkin

  I'm trying to write a BASH script to test if an FTP site that I own is running. I therefore want the bash script to connect to the FTP site, log in with a dummy account and redirect the output to a file that I can then grep to confirm that the login succeeded. (I know that putting user/pass in a file is not recommended, but this dummy account is chrooted to one empty directory and can't escape to the shell, and in any case I'm the only user who can login to a shell prompt.) I'm using the BASH shell on Ubuntu. I created a file called "ftp-dummy" which looks like this username password And I then did this from the prompt: adam$ ftp my.ftpsite.com < ftp-dummy This does not work - I don't see the normal welcome message and the output is: Password:Name (my.ftpsite.com:adam) : I tried removing the space between the < and the filename - same result. If I redirect the output to a testfile, the testfile shows: Name (my.ftpsite.com:adam): ?Invalid command And I still get a Password prompt on STDOUT I also tried using echo and get the same result: echo -e "username \npassword \n" | ftp my.ftpsite.com I don't see why I'm not seeing the normal welcome message or why the input is not being read from the file. Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks, Adam

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