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• Mapping of memory addresses to physical modules in Windows XP

  - by Josef Grahn

  I plan to run 32-bit Windows XP on a workstation with dual processors, based on Intel's Nehalem microarchitecture, and triple channel RAM. Even though XP is limited to 4 GB of RAM, my understanding is that it will function with more than 4 GB installed, but will only expose 4 GB (or slightly less). My question is: Assuming that 6 GB of RAM is installed in six 1 GB modules, which physical 4 GB will Windows actually map into its address space? In particular: Will it use all six 1 GB modules, taking advantage of all memory channels? (My guess is yes, and that the mapping to individual modules within a group happens in hardware.) Will it map 2 GB of address space to each of the two NUMA nodes (as each processor has it's own memory interface), or will one processor get fast access to 3 GB of RAM, while the other only has 1 GB? Thanks!

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• Rough estimate for speed advantage of SAN-via-fibre to san-via-iSCSI when using VMware vSphere

  - by Dirk Paessler

  We are in the process of setting up two virtualization servers (DELL R710, Dual Quadcore Xeon CPUs at 2.3 Ghz, 48 GB RAM) for VMware VSphere with storage on a SAN (DELL Powervault MD3000i, 10x 500 GB SAS drives, RAID 5) which will be attached via iSCSI on a Gbit Ethernet Switch (DELL Powerconnect 5424, they call it "iSCSI-optimized"). Can anyone give an estimate how much faster a fiber channel based solution would be (or better "feel")? I don't mean the nominal speed advantage, I mean how much faster will virtual machines effectively work? Are we talking twice the speed, five times, 10 times faster? Does it justify the price? PS: We are not talking about heavily used database servers or exchange servers. Most of the virtualized servers run below 3-5% average CPU load.

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• Extracting the layer transparency into an editable layer mask in Photoshop

  - by last-child

  Is there any simple way to extract the "baked in" transparency in a layer and turn it into a layer mask in Photoshop? To take a simple example: Let's say that I paint a few strokes with a semi-transparent brush, or paste in a .png-file with an alpha channel. The rgb color values and the alpha value for each pixel are now all contained in the layer-image itself. I would like to be able to edit the alpha values as a layer mask, so that the layer image is solid and contains only the RGB values for each pixel. Is this possible, and in that case how? Thanks. EDIT: To clarify - I'm not really after the transparency values in themselves, but in the separation of rgb values and alpha values. That means that the layer must become a solid, opaque image with a mask.

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• CSMA/CD once channel captured, can only one or multiple frames be sent before other stations try tra

  - by Bryce Thomas

  Hi there, I have a question regarding CSMA/CD in the IEEE 802.3 LAN standard. I'm trying to understand the behavior of CSMA/CD after a station has captured the channel. Say station A has captured the channel and has an infinite supply of frames it is sending. Also assume that station B has something it wants to send. Now, if I understand correctly, station B senses the line and sees that station A has captured the channel/is transmitting. My question is, does station B see the channel as being captured for the duration of ALL of the frames that station A sends (an infinite period of time), or does station B only consider the channel captured for the first frame it sees A send, after which B goes ahead and transmits its own frame (which will collide with one of the remaining frames still coming from A)?

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• 2 Server FC SAN Configuration

  - by BSte

  I have 2 identical servers: -48GB Ram -8GigE NIC's -2FC NIC's -2x72GB RAID1 Hard Drives -Server 2008R2 Host I also Have a Fibre Channel SAN: -16x146GB RAID10 Hard Drives -2xDual-port FC Controllers (Controller A and B both have ports 1 and 2) -Server 1 has Fiber to Ports A1 and B1 -Server 2 has Fiber to Ports A2 and B2 -I kept the default config with 1 Virtual Disk and 1 Volume -The default mappings show ports A1,A2,B1,B2 on LUN 0 with read-write My goal is: -2xVM's with IIS and Guest Level Failover -2xVM's with SQL 2008 Enterprise using a Single DB and Guest Level Failover -1xVM that is an application server, preferable with Host Failover. From what I read, this will also need AD for clustering to work. -I need at least 1 VM always running for IIS and the SQLDB. This includes hardware failover and application (ie: reboot a VM for Critical updates) I was told I could install the VM's and run them from the SAN, and this is what I've tried: Installed MPIO and HyperV on Server1 and Server 2 Added the SAN as Disk E: on both servers, made it GPT and formatted NTFS Configured HyperV on both server to store use E:\VD and E:\VHD On server1, I was able to install 3 VM's on the SAN and all worked well. On server2, I would start installing the other 2 VM's, but always at some point the VM's would get a corrupt .VHD message (either server). Everything I found about the message typically related to antivirus, so I removed all antivirus on both Host servers (now only running 2008R2). I reformatted drive E: (SAN), recreated the VHD and VD directories, installed 3 VM's on Server 1, and then had the same issue when installing VM's on Server2. Obviously something is wrong, but I'm not certain what exactly. My questions: 1) Are my goals possible with this hardware setup? -I've read 2008R2 supports FC SAN's, but a lot of articles seem to only give examples with iSCSCI setups 2) What would be the suggested route on setting up the SAN (disks,volumes,LUN's)? I've worked with HyperV on a single machine before and never had issues. Actual experience working on SAN's and clustering is new to me. Any suggestions or recommendations to get me in the right direction would be much appreciated.

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• What does this mean: "SATP VMW_SATP_LOCAL does not support device configuration"?

  - by Jason Tan

  Can anyone tell me what this means in ESXi 5.1?: SATP VMW_SATP_LOCAL does not support device configuration I've googled it and I get a lot of results, but as yet all the pages that contain the string are discussing other matters. The storage array is a HDS HUS-VM and the hosts are HP b460c G8 blades with flex fabric and flex fabric VCs which I am in the process of commissioning and would like to get it started on the right foot - i.e. error and warning free! naa.600508b1001c56ee3d70da65f071da23 Device Display Name: HP Serial Attached SCSI Disk (naa.600508b1001c56ee3d70da65f071da23) Storage Array Type: VMW_SATP_LOCAL Storage Array Type Device Config: SATP VMW_SATP_LOCAL does not support device configuration. Path Selection Policy: VMW_PSP_FIXED Path Selection Policy Device Config: {preferred=vmhba0:C0:T0:L1;current=vmhba0:C0:T0:L1} Path Selection Policy Device Custom Config: Working Paths: vmhba0:C0:T0:L1 Is Local SAS Device: true Is Boot USB Device: false This is the same LUN: ~ # esxcli storage core device list -d naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016 naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016 Display Name: HITACHI Fibre Channel Disk (naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016) Has Settable Display Name: true Size: 204800 Device Type: Direct-Access Multipath Plugin: NMP Devfs Path: /vmfs/devices/disks/naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016 Vendor: HITACHI Model: OPEN-V Revision: 5001 SCSI Level: 2 Is Pseudo: false Status: degraded Is RDM Capable: true Is Local: false Is Removable: false Is SSD: false Is Offline: false Is Perennially Reserved: false Queue Full Sample Size: 0 Queue Full Threshold: 0 Thin Provisioning Status: unknown Attached Filters: VAAI_FILTER VAAI Status: supported Other UIDs: vml.020001000060060e801327570050202757000000164f50454e2d56 Is Local SAS Device: false Is Boot USB Device: false ~ #

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• How lookaheads are propagated in "channel" method of building LALR parser?

  - by greenoldman

  The method is described in Dragon Book, however I read about it in ""Parsing Techniques" by D.Grune and C.J.H.Jacobs". I start from my understanding of building channels for NFA: channels are built once, they are like water channels with current you "drop" lookahead symbols in right places (sources) of the channel, and they propagate with "current" when symbol propagates, there are no barriers (the only sufficient things for propagation are presence of channel and direction/current); i.e. lookahead cannot just die out of the blue Is that right? If I am correct, then eof lookahead should be present in all states, because the source of it is the start production, and all other production states are reachable from start state. How the DFA is made out of this NFA is not perfectly clear for me -- the authors of the mentioned book write about preserving channels, but I see no purpose, if you propagated lookaheads. If the channels have to be preserved, are they cut off from the source if the DFA state does not include source NFA state? I assume no -- the channels still runs between DFA states, not only within given DFA state. In the effect eof should still be present in all items in all states. But when you take a look at DFA presented in book (pdf is from errata): DFA for LALR (fig. 9.34 in the book, p.301) you will see there are items without eof in lookahead. The grammar for this DFA is: S -> E E -> E - T E -> T T -> ( E ) T -> n So how it was computed, when eof was dropped, and on what condition? Update It is textual pdf, so two interesting states (in DFA; # is eof): State 1: S--- >•E[#] E--- >•E-T[#-] E--- >•T[#-] T--- >•n[#-] T--- >•(E)[#-] State 6: T--- >(•E)[#-)] E--- >•E-T[-)] E--- >•T[-)] T--- >•n[-)] T--- >•(E)[-)] Arc from 1 to 6 is labeled (.

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• Have You Checked Our BI Publisher Channel at Youtube ?

  - by kanichiro.nishida

  These days, more and more people watching video online rather than reading. Steve Jobs once said people don’t read anymore. Well, I love books and still read a lot either on books, magazine, iPad, MacbookPro, or whatever the medium shows me letters! But I have to admit, sometimes it’s much easier to understand especially something like How-To by just watching video clips than reading it. And this is why we started our BI Publisher Channel at Youtube last summer. Since then we have uploaded over 10 video clips so far and and now we’re gearing up to add more and more clips. Now, we’re in a middle of finishing up our work for the next 11G 1st patchset release, which should be coming soon and will have a lot of great new features that I can’t wait to talk to you guys about. And of course we’re preparing introduction and How-Top clips. So please subscribe the BI Publisher channel now if you haven’t done yet and stay tuned for the new clips! http://www.youtube.com/user/bipublisher Also, we’d love to hear your comments for each clip, so please don’t forget leaving your comments there after you watch!

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• Optimizing a thread safe Java NIO / Serialization / FIFO Queue [migrated]

  - by trialcodr

  I've written a thread safe, persistent FIFO for Serializable items. The reason for reinventing the wheel is that we simply can't afford any third party dependencies in this project and want to keep this really simple. The problem is it isn't fast enough. Most of it is undoubtedly due to reading and writing directly to disk but I think we should be able to squeeze a bit more out of it anyway. Any ideas on how to improve the performance of the 'take'- and 'add'-methods? /** * <code>DiskQueue</code> Persistent, thread safe FIFO queue for * <code>Serializable</code> items. */ public class DiskQueue<ItemT extends Serializable> { public static final int EMPTY_OFFS = -1; public static final int LONG_SIZE = 8; public static final int HEADER_SIZE = LONG_SIZE * 2; private InputStream inputStream; private OutputStream outputStream; private RandomAccessFile file; private FileChannel channel; private long offs = EMPTY_OFFS; private long size = 0; public DiskQueue(String filename) { try { boolean fileExists = new File(filename).exists(); file = new RandomAccessFile(filename, "rwd"); if (fileExists) { size = file.readLong(); offs = file.readLong(); } else { file.writeLong(size); file.writeLong(offs); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } channel = file.getChannel(); inputStream = Channels.newInputStream(channel); outputStream = Channels.newOutputStream(channel); } /** * Add item to end of queue. */ public void add(ItemT item) { try { synchronized (this) { channel.position(channel.size()); ObjectOutputStream s = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream); s.writeObject(item); s.flush(); size++; file.seek(0); file.writeLong(size); if (offs == EMPTY_OFFS) { offs = HEADER_SIZE; file.writeLong(offs); } notify(); } } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * Clears overhead by moving the remaining items up and shortening the file. */ public synchronized void defrag() { if (offs > HEADER_SIZE && size > 0) { try { long totalBytes = channel.size() - offs; ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect((int) totalBytes); channel.position(offs); for (int bytes = 0; bytes < totalBytes;) { int res = channel.read(buffer); if (res == -1) { throw new IOException("Failed to read data into buffer"); } bytes += res; } channel.position(HEADER_SIZE); buffer.flip(); for (int bytes = 0; bytes < totalBytes;) { int res = channel.write(buffer); if (res == -1) { throw new IOException("Failed to write buffer to file"); } bytes += res; } offs = HEADER_SIZE; file.seek(LONG_SIZE); file.writeLong(offs); file.setLength(HEADER_SIZE + totalBytes); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /** * Returns the queue overhead in bytes. */ public synchronized long overhead() { return (offs == EMPTY_OFFS) ? 0 : offs - HEADER_SIZE; } /** * Returns the first item in the queue, blocks if queue is empty. */ public ItemT peek() throws InterruptedException { block(); synchronized (this) { if (offs != EMPTY_OFFS) { return readItem(); } } return peek(); } /** * Returns the number of remaining items in queue. */ public synchronized long size() { return size; } /** * Removes and returns the first item in the queue, blocks if queue is empty. */ public ItemT take() throws InterruptedException { block(); try { synchronized (this) { if (offs != EMPTY_OFFS) { ItemT result = readItem(); size--; offs = channel.position(); file.seek(0); if (offs == channel.size()) { truncate(); } file.writeLong(size); file.writeLong(offs); return result; } } return take(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * Throw away all items and reset the file. */ public synchronized void truncate() { try { offs = EMPTY_OFFS; file.setLength(HEADER_SIZE); size = 0; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * Block until an item is available. */ protected void block() throws InterruptedException { while (offs == EMPTY_OFFS) { try { synchronized (this) { wait(); file.seek(LONG_SIZE); offs = file.readLong(); } } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /** * Read and return item. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected ItemT readItem() { try { channel.position(offs); return (ItemT) new ObjectInputStream(inputStream).readObject(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }

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• Why am I getting kicked from an IRC channel in one OS (xp) but not in the other OS (7)? [closed]

  - by moshe

  I got kicked from an IRC channel. I have Windows XP and now if I'm trying to get into this specific channel, I get inside but I get immediately kicked out. I can come in again, and again get kicked out. It seems this is done automatically. Now I have also installed, on another hard drive in the same computer Windows 7. On Windows7 I can get into this same channel and never kicked out! It's the same computer, but different operating system(separate Hard Drives). How can it be? Is the KICK command bias towards the operating system I got KICKed in? Please explain to me how this thing is happening. PS: I forgot to mention that it doesn't matter if i change my IP or my nickname, I continue to kicked out from this channel. Again, in windows 7 I can get in without a problem. another thing that is good to mention is that i got kicked out when i was using windows XP, and not windows 7. i think that it could happened also with windows 2000 and vista, so i dont bother the OS itself, but why it's acting differently with a different OS?

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• Zero-channel RAID for High Performance MySQL Server (IBM ServeRAID 8k) : Any Experience/Recommendation?

  - by prs563

  We are getting this IBM rack mount server and it has this IBM ServeRAID8k storage controller with Zero-Channel RAID and 256MB battery backed cache. It can support RAID 10 which we need for our high performance MySQL server which will have 4 x 15000K RPM 300GB SAS HDD. This is mission-critical and we want as much bandwidth and performance. Is this a good card or should we replace with another IBM RAID card? IBM ServeRAID 8k SAS Controller option provides 256 MB of battery backed 533 MHz DDR2 standard power memory in a fixed mounting arrangement. The device attaches directly to IBM planar which can provide full RAID capability. Manufacturer IBM Manufacturer Part # 25R8064 Cost Central Item # 10025907 Product Description IBM ServeRAID 8k SAS - Storage controller (zero-channel RAID) - RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 1E Device Type Storage controller (zero-channel RAID) - plug-in module Buffer Size 256 MB Supported Devices Disk array (RAID) Max Storage Devices Qty 8 RAID Level RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, RAID 1E Manufacturer Warranty 1 year warranty

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• Does a single LACP channel over multiple switches increase redundancy?

  - by Sirch

  I am curious for opinions, findings, or evidence that having multiple interfaces bonded using LACP to ports in multiple switches can increase redundancy. Previously bonded interfaces have always been to a single switch, with a redundant channel to another port. Without getting into vendor specifics, my thought is that as this is a single LACP, the likelihood that an event or change could lead to a wide service outage. Without having the spare equipment or time to test this single channel over diverse switches, could anyone with a greater networking knowledge than myself, tell me if there a network side event that would bring down the network connectivity to a server that had created a bonded interface to two ports on separate switches? Does the use of bonded ethernet channels across multiple switches (that we are advised that we can use) from the server, provide both improved throughput (unquestionably), and improved redundancy (uncertain). Could/would network events such as switch failure, port migration, patching, recovery, etc, cause the channel for both server network interfaces to be unavailable? Thanks in advance.

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• IPC problem in the c# - ipc is already registered

  - by Lily

  hi I am trying to create two IPC channels IpcChannel ipcChannel = new IpcChannel("DroolsClient"); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(ipcChannel, false); objec = (DroolsInterface.RulesEngineInterface)Activator.GetObject(typeof(DroolsInterface.RulesEngineInterface), "ipc://Drools/SreeniRemoteObj"); IpcChannel ipcChannel2 = new IpcChannel("ProxemClient"); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(ipcChannel2, true); objec2 = (ProxemProject.ProxemInterface)Activator.GetObject(typeof(ProxemProject.ProxemInterface), "ipc://ProxemProcess/SreeniRemoteObj"); But when it gets to the second ChannelServices it gives an error The channel 'ipc' is already registered Would anyone be kind enough to help please

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• what is the commnad line for mirc to connect and join a channel?

  - by masterkapu

  I found that I can lunch irc using command line with arguments. The problem is that it won't join the specific channel. This is that lunch line: C:\Program Files\mIRC\mirc.exe /join #channel1 this command line only connects to the server but it won't join the specific channel. How can I connect and join a channel?

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• RHEL - blocked FC remote port time out: saving binding

  - by Dev G

  My Server went into a faulty state since the database could not write on the partition. I found out that the partition went into Read Only mode. Finally to fix it, I had to do a hard reboot. Linux 2.6.18-164.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:59:11 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux /var/log/messages Oct 31 00:56:45 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 00:57:05 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS CRITICAL V-16-1-50086 CPU usage on ota3g1.mtsallstream.com is 100% Oct 31 01:01:47 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 01:06:50 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 01:11:52 ota3g1 Had[17275]: VCS ERROR V-16-1-10214 Concurrency Violation:CurrentCount increased above 1 for failover group sg_network Oct 31 01:12:10 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:1305 Link Down Event x2 received Data: x2 x20 x80000 x0 x0 Oct 31 01:12:10 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:1303 Link Up Event x3 received Data: x3 x1 x10 x1 x0 x0 0 Oct 31 01:12:12 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:1305 Link Down Event x4 received Data: x4 x20 x80000 x0 x0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: rport-8:0-0: blocked FC remote port time out: saving binding Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lpfc 0000:29:00.1: 1:(0):0203 Devloss timeout on WWPN 20:25:00:a0:b8:74:f5:65 NPort x0000e4 Data: x0 x7 x0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 38617577 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283532153 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 90825 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-16. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 868841 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-10. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37759889 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283349449 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: printk: 6 messages suppressed. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-12. Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-12) in ext3_reserve_inode_write: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-16, logical block 1545 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-16 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 12745 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-10, logical block 1545 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-16) in ext3_reserve_inode_write: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-10 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37749121 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-12, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-12 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-12) in ext3_dirty_inode: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37757897 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-12, logical block 1097 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-12 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283337089 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-16, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-16 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-16) in ext3_dirty_inode: Journal has aborted Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 37749121 Oct 31 01:12:40 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-12, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-12 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdi, sector 283337089 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-16, logical block 0 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on dm-16 Oct 31 01:12:41 ota3g1 kernel: sd 8:0:0:4: SCSI error: return code = 0x00010000 df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cciss-root 4.9G 730M 3.9G 16% / /dev/mapper/cciss-home 9.7G 1.2G 8.1G 13% /home /dev/mapper/cciss-var 9.7G 494M 8.8G 6% /var /dev/mapper/cciss-usr 15G 2.6G 12G 19% /usr /dev/mapper/cciss-tmp 3.9G 153M 3.6G 5% /tmp /dev/sda1 996M 43M 902M 5% /boot tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/cciss-product 25G 16G 7.4G 68% /product /dev/mapper/cciss-opt 20G 4.5G 14G 25% /opt /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_system 18G 2.2G 15G 14% /database/OTADB/sys /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_undo 18G 5.8G 12G 35% /database/OTADB/undo /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_redo 8.9G 4.3G 4.2G 51% /database/OTADB/redo /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_sgbd 8.9G 654M 7.8G 8% /database/OTADB/admin /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_arch 98G 24G 69G 26% /database/OTADB/arch /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_indexes 240G 14G 214G 6% /database/OTADB/index /dev/mapper/dg_db1-vol_db1_data 275G 47G 215G 18% /database/OTADB/data /dev/mapper/dg_dbrman-vol_db_rman 8.9G 351M 8.1G 5% /database/RMAN /dev/mapper/dg_app1-vol_app1 151G 113G 31G 79% /files/ota /etc/fstab /dev/cciss/root / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/cciss/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/usr /usr ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/tmp /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/cciss/swap swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/cciss/product /product ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/cciss/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_system /database/OTADB/sys ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_undo /database/OTADB/undo ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_redo /database/OTADB/redo ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_sgbd /database/OTADB/admin ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_arch /database/OTADB/arch ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_indexes /database/OTADB/index ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_db1/vol_db1_data /database/OTADB/data ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_dbrman/vol_db_rman /database/RMAN ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/dg_app1/vol_app1 /files/ota ext3 defaults 1 2 Thanks for all the help.

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• Understanding Linux SCSI queue depths

  - by Troels Arvin

  I'm experimenting with the effects of different SCSI queue depth values on a Dell server running CentOS Linux 5.4 (x86_64). The server has two QLogic QLE2560 FC HBAs connected via multipathing to a storage system. The storage system has allocated two LUNs to the server, each connected through four paths in an active-active-active-active round-robin configuration. All in all, the two LUNs exist as eight /dev/sdX devices, represented by two devices in /dev/mpath. I currently adjust the queue depth values in /etc/modprobe.conf and check the result (after rebooting) by looking in the seventh column of /proc/scsi/sg/devices. Two questions related to that: Is there a way to adjust queue depths without rebooting or unloading the qla2xxx kernel module? E.g., can I echo a new queue depth value into some /proc or /sys-like file to update the queue depth? If I set the queue depth to 128, is that 128 in total for all devices handled by the qla2xxx module?, or 128 for each HBA? (256 in total), or 128 for each of the eight /dev/sdX devices (1024 in toal)?, or 128 for each of the two /dev/mpath/... devices (256 in total)? This is important for me to know so that my server doesn't flood the storage system, affecting other servers connected to it.

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• Can I have different ESX hosts accessing the same LUN over different protocols?

  - by Kevin Kuphal

  I currently have a cluster of two ESX 3.5U2 servers connected directly via FiberChannel to a NetApp 3020 cluster. These hosts mount four VMFS LUNs for virtual machine storage. Currently these LUNs are only made available via our FiberChannel initator in the Netapp configuration If I were to add an ESXi host to the cluster for internal IT use can I: Make the same VMFS LUNs available via the iSCSI initiator on the Netapp Connect this ESXi host to those LUNs via iSCSI Do all of this while the existing two ESX hosts are connected to those LUNs via FiberChannel Does anyone have experience with this type of mixed protocol environment, specifically with Netapp?

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• How to block some disks from probes on Linux boot?

  - by Igor Velkov

  My linux host connected to SAN with FC interface. It connect with one path, and see some luns, that can't access, because they need anohter path, not available to host. On boot linux probe all lun he can see, get read error on unaccessible luns, and hangs there for a long-long time. Is there a way to disable any access to some luns at boot time, and later? I found a filters for device ignoration for LVM and MULTIPATH, but it not help during boot process. Generally, lvm still affected too despite of filter, and gives me a IO error on every operation like lvdisplay and vgdisplay, but this is another question.

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• Alpha plugin in GStreamer not working

  - by Miguel Escriva

  Hi! I'm trying to compose two videos, and I'm using the alpha plug-in to make the white color transparent. To test the alpha plug-in I'm creating the pipeline with gst-launch. The first test I done was: gst-launch videotestsrc pattern=smpte75 \ ! alpha method=custom target-r=255 target-g=255 target-b=255 angle=10 \ ! videomixer name=mixer ! ffmpegcolorspace ! autovideosink \ videotestsrc pattern=snow ! mixer. and it works great! Then I created two videos with those lines: gst-launch videotestsrc pattern=snow ! ffmpegcolorspace ! theoraenc ! oggmux ! filesink location=snow.ogv gst-launch videotestsrc pattern=smpte75 ! ffmpegcolorspace ! theoraenc ! oggmux ! filesink location=bars75.ogv And changed the videotestsrc to a filesrc and it continues working gst-launch filesrc location=bars75.ogv ! decodebin2 \ ! alpha method=custom target-r=255 target-g=255 target-b=255 angle=10 \ ! videomixer name=mixer ! ffmpegcolorspace ! autovideosink \ filesrc location=snow.ogv ! decodebin2 ! alpha ! mixer. But, when I use the ideo I want to compose, I'm not able to make the white color transparent gst-launch filesrc location=video.ogv ! decodebin2 \ ! alpha method=custom target-r=255 target-g=255 target-b=255 angle=10 \ ! videomixer name=mixer ! ffmpegcolorspace ! autovideosink \ filesrc location=snow.ogv ! decodebin2 ! alpha ! mixer. Can you help me? Any idea what is happening? I'm using GStreamer 0.10.28 You can download the test videos from here: http://polimedia.upv.es/pub/gst/gst.zip Thanks in advance, Miguel Escriva

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• SAN newbie: What kind of fiber cables do I need to connect to the front end ports on my EMC CX300

  - by red888

  I have an old CX300 I'm messing with and I cant determine what kind of HBA\fiber cables I need to connect a server to the front end ports on the DPE2. The hardware reference doesn't give me any details and being new to FC-SAN all of the options are pretty overwhelming. I don't know if the ports are SC or LC or if it requires singlemode or multimode. Googling hasn't turned up anything for me either. All I know is that it supports 2GB Fiber. Here is a pic of one the modules. You can clearly see the front-end ports (FE)

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• Merit and demerits for various Linux fiberchannel multipath options

  - by wzzrd

  On our Linux servers, we currently use HPs qla2xxx drivers, because it has multipathing (active/passive) built in. The are, however, various other options, like Red Hats device-mapper-multipath with the stock qla2xxx drivers (multibus and failover) and things like SecurePath and PowerPath (both of which can do trunking, iirc). Can someone tell me what the merits and demerits of the various options are (if I can ask such a question), besides the obvious fact that the {Secure,Power}Path options cost vast amounts of money? I'm mainly interested in the freely available options, like HPs qla2xxx vs. Red Hats multipathd and possible other open source solutions, but I would like to hear good reasons to go for the commercial solutions too. UPDATE: I'll be benchmarking various options the coming few days (the average of 10 runs of iozone for each option (options being native qla2xxx failver, native qla2xxx multibus, HP qla2xxx failover)). I'll post a summary of results here for those interested.

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• Cisco FC SAN switch decision

  - by Chopper3

  I've got to buy a bunch of FC SAN switches in the next week or so, I have to, and want to, buy Cisco MDSs. Servers are HP BL490c G6's in C7000 chassis with Virtual-Connect Flex-10 ethernet interconnects and VC FC interconnects (Emulex HBAs btw), all running ESX 3.5U4 (for now). I think I've only really got two choices; MDS 9509's with dual-supervisors with a single 48-port 4Gb FC card MDS 9222i's with single supervisor and the built-in 18-FC-port/4-GigE-FCIP-port option Both have the same functionality (I think, buying the enterprise licence btw), both have plenty enough performance and adequate ports for now and the next three years. The 9222i's are about 55% the price of the 9509's - logic says get the 'i's but will I really miss the dual-supervisors? I've got lots of 9509's with dual-supervisors that I'm very happy with but I'm not sure I've every benefitted from the dual-sups in the past and they are nearly twice the price - but if I don't buy them and miss them I can't retrofit them later. What are your thoughts?

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• Fiber in Cable Management Arm

  - by mrtroy

  I'm aware of the existing debate on cable management arms. For those people who DO use cable management arms, do you put Fiber into the arms? It looks like I'm fine on minimum bend radii, but am looking for additional opinions before I do anything. -Troy

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• Diagnosing SAN connectivity issues (RHEL5)

  - by Matthew

  We are currently utilizing GFS2 to share a SAN LUN between 3 servers. However due to a feature problem with vendor software we are using, we currently have the volume unmounted on two of the boxes, and are instead exporting the GFS2 filesystem via NFS from the first one (the software requires some weird locking mechanics that GFS2 doesn't support). As of this morning, NFS was no longer able to read/write to the volume from any of the servers, including the NFS server. I then tried checking the normal mount (the directory that is exported on the NFS server) and I received a weird input/output error just trying to CD into it. When I tried running multipath, I got a DM error, however multipath -l worked just fine. I tried unmounting the GFS2 volume, and the CLI hung. I ran init 0 which killed most services, but then the shutdown appeared to have been hung. I logged in via out of band access (hp ILO) and saw that the shutdown was hung trying to unmount GFS2 volumes. My main priority was getting the box back online so after about 5 minutes of waiting I did a hard reset. I am now trying to figure out what went wrong. What are the correct logs to investigate? I've never run into SAN issues like this before. The SAN is connected via 2 fibre connections. Any help would really be appreciated. Everything appears to be up and functional now.

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• SAN cache memory upgrade

  - by Scott Lundberg

  We currently have an IBM DS4300 Dual Controller Fibre SAN. It is a good box, but getting pretty old. It came with 256MB of cache per controller. Recently we replaced the batteries in one of the controllers and noticed that the cache is a DDR PC2100 ECC DIMM. Of course, we are thinking about how cheap this RAM is now and is there any good reason we can't upgrade the RAM. IBM used to have a "Turbo" upgrade to this box that doubled the cache and had a bunch of software features for about 10K USD. Since that product has been end-of-lifed, I don't think we can get that upgrade and we don't need the software upgrades (FlashCopy, StorageCopy, etc). Besides the obvious potential warranty issue, what if any issues would we expect to see if attempting to put 2 - 1GB DIMMS in this unit? Any other things I am missing here? EDIT: Memory label: Samsung CN 0433 PC2100U-25331-A1 M381L3223ETM-CB0 256MB DDR PC2100 CL2.5 ECC

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