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  • Efficient Context-Free Grammar parser, preferably Python-friendly

    - by Max Shawabkeh
    I am in need of parsing a small subset of English for one of my project, described as a context-free grammar with (1-level) feature structures (example) and I need to do it efficiently . Right now I'm using NLTK's parser which produces the right output but is very slow. For my grammar of ~450 fairly ambiguous non-lexicon rules and half a million lexical entries, parsing simple sentences can take anywhere from 2 to 30 seconds, depending it seems on the number of resulting trees. Lexical entries have little to no effect on performance. Another problem is that loading the (25MB) grammar+lexicon at the beginning can take up to a minute. From what I can find in literature, the running time of the algorithm used to parse such a grammar (Earley or CKY) should be linear to the size of the grammar and cubic to the size of the input token list. My experience with NLTK indicates that ambiguity is what hurts the performance most, not the absolute size of the grammar. So now I'm looking for a CFG parser to replace NLTK. I've been considering PLY but I can't tell whether it supports feature structures in CFGs, which are required in my case, and the examples I've seen seem to be doing a lot of procedural parsing rather than just specifying a grammar. Can anybody show me an example of PLY both supporting feature structs and using a declarative grammar? I'm also fine with any other parser that can do what I need efficiently. A Python interface is preferable but not absolutely necessary.

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  • Efficient Map Overlays in on Android Google Map...

    - by Ahsan
    Hi Friends, I want to do the following and am kind of stuck on these for a few days.... 1) I have used helloItemizedOverlay to add about 150 markers and it gets very very slow.....any idea what to do ? I was thinking about threads....(handler) ... 2) I was trying to draw poly lines ( I have encoded polylines, but have managed to decoded those) that move when I move the map.....(the only solution that I found was for Geopoints to be transformed into screen co-ordinates...which wont move if I move the map !) 3) I was looking for some sort of a timer function that executes a given function, say, every 1 minute or so.... 4) I was also looking for ways to clear the Google map from all the markers/lines etc.... Thanks a lot... :) - ahsan

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  • Grails efficient hasMany-Relationship in View

    - by Jan
    Hi folks, I'm saving contacts (email, mobile phone, ICQ, AIM etc.) for people like this: class Person { static hasMany = { contacts: Contact } } class Contact { String code ContactType type } class ContactType { String name } In my view, I've written some Templates for displaying each contact with a select-box for the contact-type and a textfield for the code, spiced up with some JavaScript for adding and deleting. My question is: Is there an easy and elegant way to update the data similar to personInstance.properties = params or do I have to read out all the fields, deleting removed, updating changed and adding new ones?

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  • Isn't INT more efficient than UNIQUEIDENTIFIER?

    - by ck
    I have a parent table and child table where the columns that join them together are the UNIQUEIDENTIFIER type. The child table has a clustered index on the column that joins it to the parent table (its PK, which is also clustered). I have created a copy of both of these tables but changed the relationship columns to be INTs instead, have rebuilt the indexes so that they are essentially the same structure and can be queried in the same way. When I query for a known 20 records from the parent table, pulling in all the related records from the child tables, I get identical query costs across both, i.e. 50/50 cost for the batches. If this is true, then my giant project to change all of the tables like this appears to be pointless, other than speeding up inserts. Can anyone provide any light on the situation?

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  • efficient algorithm for drawing circle arcs?

    - by banister
    I am using the mid-point circle algorithm (bresenham circle) to efficiently draw whole circles. Is there something similar to draw circle arcs? I would like to specify a start angle and end angle and have only that portion of the circle drawn. Thanks in advance! EDIT: I would like to draw filled circle arcs too, i.e pie-slices. :)

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  • Most efficient method to query a Young Tableau

    - by Matthieu M.
    A Young Tableau is a 2D matrix A of dimensions M*N such that: i,j in [0,M)x[0,N): for each p in (i,M), A[i,j] <= A[p,j] for each q in (j,N), A[i,j] <= A[i,q] That is, it's sorted row-wise and column-wise. Since it may contain less than M*N numbers, the bottom-right values might be represented either as missing or using (in algorithm theory) infinity to denote their absence. Now the (elementary) question: how to check if a given number is contained in the Young Tableau ? Well, it's trivial to produce an algorithm in O(M*N) time of course, but what's interesting is that it is very easy to provide an algorithm in O(M+N) time: Bottom-Left search: Let x be the number we look for, initialize i,j as M-1, 0 (bottom left corner) If x == A[i,j], return true If x < A[i,j], then if i is 0, return false else decrement i and go to 2. Else, if j is N-1, return false else increment j This algorithm does not make more than M+N moves. The correctness is left as an exercise. It is possible though to obtain a better asymptotic runtime. Pivot Search: Let x be the number we look for, initialize i,j as floor(M/2), floor(N/2) If x == A[i,j], return true If x < A[i,j], search (recursively) in A[0:i-1, 0:j-1], A[i:M-1, 0:j-1] and A[0:i-1, j:N-1] Else search (recursively) in A[i+1:M-1, 0:j], A[i+1:M-1, j+1:N-1] and A[0:i, j+1:N-1] This algorithm proceed by discarding one of the 4 quadrants at each iteration and running recursively on the 3 left (divide and conquer), the master theorem yields a complexity of O((N+M)**(log 3 / log 4)) which is better asymptotically. However, this is only a big-O estimation... So, here are the questions: Do you know (or can think of) an algorithm with a better asymptotical runtime ? Like introsort prove, sometimes it's worth switching algorithms depending on the input size or input topology... do you think it would be possible here ? For 2., I am notably thinking that for small size inputs, the bottom-left search should be faster because of its O(1) space requirement / lower constant term.

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  • Most efficient sorting of calculation on DataTable column calculation

    - by byte
    Lets say you have a DataTable that has columns of "id", "cost", "qty": DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.Add("id", typeof(int)); dt.Columns.Add("cost", typeof(double)); dt.Columns.Add("qty", typeof(int)); And it's keyed on "id": dt.PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[1] { dt.Columns["id"] }; Now what we are interested in is the cost per quantity. So, in other words if you had a row of: id | cost | qty ---------------- 42 | 10.00 | 2 The cost per quantity is 5.00. My question then is, given the preceeding table, assume it's constructed with many thousands of rows, and you're interested in the top 3 cost per quantity rows. The information needed is the id, cost per quantity. You cannot use LINQ. In SQL it would be trivial; how BEST (most efficiently) would you accomplish it in C# without LINQ?

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  • Efficient cron job utilizing Zend_Mail_Storage_Imap.

    - by fireeyedboy
    I'm new to the IMAP protocol and Zend_Mail_Storage and I'm writing a small php script for a cron job that should regularly poll an IMAP account and check for new messages, and send an e-mail if new messages have arrived. As you can imagine, I want to only poll the IMAP account for relevant messages, and I only want to send a new e-mail if new messages have arrived since the last polled new message. So I thought of keeping track of the last message I polled with some unique identifier for a message. But I'm a bit uncertain about whether the methods I want to utilize for this do what I expect them to do though. So my questions are: Does the iterator position of Zend_Mail_Storage_Imap actually resemble some IMAP unique identifier for messages, or is it simply only and internal position of Zend_Mail_Storage_Abstract? For instance, if I tell it to seek() to message 5 (which I stored from an earlier session) will it indeed seek to the appropriate message on the IMAP server, even if for instance messages have been deleted since last session? Would keeping track of this latest polled message id in a file suffice for a cron job that, say, polls the account every 5 or 10 minutes? Or is this too naive, and should I be using a database for instance. Or is there maybe a much easier way to keep track of such state with Zend_Mail_Storage_Abstract? Also, do I need to poll every IMAP folder? Or is everything accumulated when I poll INBOX? If you could shed some light on any of these matters, I'ld appreciate it. Thanks in advance.

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  • Efficient code to avoid circular references in c# object model

    - by Kumar
    I have an excel like grid where values can be typed referencing other rows To check for circular references when a new value is entered, i traverse the tree and create a list of values referenced thus far, if the current value is found in this list, i return an error thus avoiding a circular reference. This is infrequent enough where extreme performance is not an issue but... Question - is there a better way ? I'm told it's not the most optimal but no answer was provided so on to the experts @ SO :)

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  • Efficient data importing?

    - by Kevin
    We work with a lot of real estate, and while rearchitecting how the data is imported, I came across an interesting issue. Firstly, the way our system works (loosely speaking) is we run a Coldfusion process once a day that retrieves data provided from an IDX vendor via FTP. They push the data to us. Whatever they send us is what we get. Over the years, this has proven to be rather unstable. I am rearchitecting it with PHP on the RETS standard, which uses SOAP methods of retrieving data, which is already proven to be much better than what we had. When it comes to 'updating' existing data, my initial thought was to query only for data that was updated. There is a field for 'Modified' that tells you when a listing was last updated, and the code I have will grab any listing updated within the last 6 hours (give myself a window in case something goes wrong). However, I see a lot of real estate developers suggest creating 'batch' processes that run through all listings regardless of updated status that is constantly running. Is this the better way to do it? Or am I fine with just grabbing the data I know I need? It doesn't make a lot of sense to me to do more processing than necessary. Thoughts?

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  • Most efficient way to send images across processes

    - by Heinrich Ulbricht
    Goal Pass images generated by one process efficiently and at very high speed to another process. The two processes run on the same machine and on the same desktop. The operating system may be WinXP, Vista and Win7. Detailled description The first process is solely for controlling the communication with a device which produces the images. These images are about 500x300px in size and may be updated up to several hundred times per second. The second process needs these images to display them. The first process uses a third party API to paint the images from the device to a HDC. This HDC has to be provided by me. Note: There is already a connection open between the two processes. They are communicating via anonymous pipes and share memory mapped file views. Thoughts How would I achieve this goal with as little work as possible? And I mean both work for me and the computer. I am using Delphi, so maybe there is some component available for doing this? I think I could always paint to any image component's HDC, save the content to memory stream, copy the contents via the memory mapped file, unpack it on the other side and paint it there to the destination HDC. I also read about a IPicture interface which can be used to marshall images. What are your ideas? I appreciate every thought on this!

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  • Writing more efficient xquery code (avoiding redundant iteration)

    - by Coquelicot
    Here's a simplified version of a problem I'm working on: I have a bunch of xml data that encodes information about people. Each person is uniquely identified by an 'id' attribute, but they may go by many names. For example, in one document, I might find <person id=1>Paul Mcartney</person> <person id=2>Ringo Starr</person> And in another I might find: <person id=1>Sir Paul McCartney</person> <person id=2>Richard Starkey</person> I want to use xquery to produce a new document that lists every name associated with a given id. i.e.: <person id=1> <name>Paul McCartney</name> <name>Sir Paul McCartney</name> <name>James Paul McCartney</name> </person> <person id=2> ... </person> The way I'm doing this now in xquery is something like this (pseudocode-esque): let $ids := distinct-terms( [all the id attributes on people] ) for $id in $ids return <person id={$id}> { for $unique-name in distinct-values ( for $name in ( [all names] ) where $name/@id=$id return $name ) return <name>{$unique-name}</name> } </person> The problem is that this is really slow. I imagine the bottleneck is the innermost loop, which executes once for every id (of which there are about 1200). I'm dealing with a fair bit of data (300 MB, spread over about 800 xml files), so even a single execution of the query in the inner loop takes about 12 seconds, which means that repeating it 1200 times will take about 4 hours (which might be optimistic - the process has been running for 3 hours so far). Not only is it slow, it's using a whole lot of virtual memory. I'm using Saxon, and I had to set java's maximum heap size to 10 GB (!) to avoid getting out of memory errors, and it's currently using 6 GB of physical memory. So here's how I'd really like to do this (in Pythonic pseudocode): persons = {} for id in ids: person[id] = set() for person in all_the_people_in_my_xml_document: persons[person.id].add(person.name) There, I just did it in linear time, with only one sweep of the xml document. Now, is there some way to do something similar in xquery? Surely if I can imagine it, a reasonable programming language should be able to do it (he said quixotically). The problem, I suppose, is that unlike Python, xquery doesn't (as far as I know) have anything like an associative array. Is there some clever way around this? Failing that, is there something better than xquery that I might use to accomplish my goal? Because really, the computational resources I'm throwing at this relatively simple problem are kind of ridiculous.

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  • Algorithm: efficient way to remove duplicate integers from an array

    - by ejel
    I got this problem from an interview with Microsoft. Given an array of random integers, write an algorithm in C that removes duplicated numbers and return the unique numbers in the original array. E.g Input: {4, 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 9} Output: {4, 8, 1, 2, 9, ?, ?} One caveat is that the expected algorithm should not required the array to be sorted first. And when an element has been removed, the following elements must be shifted forward as well. Anyway, value of elements at the tail of the array where elements were shifted forward are negligible. Update: The result must be returned in the original array and helper data structure (e.g. hashtable) should not be used. However, I guess order preservation is not necessary. Update2: For those who wonder why these impractical constraints, this was an interview question and all these constraints are discussed during the thinking process to see how I can come up with different ideas.

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  • Efficient algorithm to generate all solutions of a linear diophantine equation with ai=1

    - by Ben
    I am trying to generate all the solutions for the following equations for a given H. With H=4 : 1) ALL solutions for x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 =4 2) ALL solutions for x_1 + x_2 + x_3 = 4 3) ALL solutions for x_1 + x_2 = 4 4) ALL solutions for x_1 =4 For my problem, there are always 4 equations to solve (independently from the others). There are a total of 2^(H-1) solutions. For the previous one, here are the solutions : 1) 1 1 1 1 2) 1 1 2 and 1 2 1 and 2 1 1 3) 1 3 and 3 1 and 2 2 4) 4 Here is an R algorithm which solve the problem. library(gtools) H<-4 solutions<-NULL for(i in seq(H)) { res<-permutations(H-i+1,i,repeats.allowed=T) resum<-apply(res,1,sum) id<-which(resum==H) print(paste("solutions with ",i," variables",sep="")) print(res[id,]) } However, this algorithm makes more calculations than needed. I am sure it is possible to go faster. By that, I mean not generating the permutations for which the sums is H Any idea of a better algorithm for a given H ?

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  • Most efficient way to store list structure in XML

    - by Mike
    Starting a new project and was planning on storing all of my web content in XML. I do not have access to a database so this seemed like the next best thing. One thing I'm struggling with is how to structure the XML for links (which will later be transformed using XSLT). It needs to be fairly flexible as well. Below is what I started with, but I'm starting to question it. <links> <link> <url>http://google.com</url> <description>Google</description> <link> <link> <url>http://yahoo.com</url> <description>Yahoo</description> <links> <url>http://yahoo.com/search</url> <description>Search</description> </link> <link> </links> That should get transformed into Google Yahoo Search Perhaps something like this might work better. <links> <link href="http://google.com">Google</link> <link href="http://yahoo.com">Yahoo <link href="http://yahoo.com/search">Search</link> </link> </links> Does anyone perhaps have a link that talks about structuring web content properly in XML? Thank you. :)

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  • C#: What is the best collection class to store very similar string items for efficient serialization

    - by Gregor
    Hi, I would like to store a list of entityIDs of outlook emails to a file. The entityIDs are strings like: "000000005F776F08B736B442BCF7B6A7060B509A64002000" "000000005F776F08B736B442BCF7B6A7060B509A84002000" "000000005F776F08B736B442BCF7B6A7060B509AA4002000" as you can notice, the strings are very similar. I would like to save these strings in a collection class that would be stored as efficiently as possible when I serialize it to a file. Do you know of any collection class that could be used for this? Thank you in advance for any information... Gregor

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  • Which is more Efficient HTML DOM or JQuery

    - by Quasar the space thing
    I am trying to add new Elements in an HTML page body by using document.createElement via Javascript, I am doing this with few if/else case and function callings. All is working fine. Recently I came to know that I can do this with JQuery, too. I have not done too much of coding yet so I was wondering which way is the best in terms of efficiency ? Using native DOM methods or using JQuery to add elements dynamically on the page?

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  • Efficient AutoSuggest with jQuery?

    - by nobosh
    I'm working to build a jQuery AutoSuggest plugin, inspired by Apple's spotlight. Here is the general code: $(document).ready(function() { $('#q').bind('keyup', function() { if( $(this).val().length == 0) { // Hide the q-suggestions box $('#q-suggestions').fadeOut(); } else { // Show the AJAX Spinner $("#q").css("background-image","url(/images/ajax-loader.gif)"); $.ajax({ url: '/search/spotlight/', data: {"q": $(this).val()}, success: function(data) { $('#q-suggestions').fadeIn(); // Show the q-suggestions box $('#q-suggestions').html(data); // Fill the q-suggestions box // Hide the AJAX Spinner $("#q").css("background-image","url(/images/icon-search.gif)"); } }); } }); The issue I want to solve well & elegantly, is not killing the sever. Right now the code above hits the server every time you type a key and does not wait for you to essentially finish typing. What's the best way to solve this? A. Kill previous AJAX request? B. Some type of AJAX caching? C. Adding some type of delay to only submit .AJAX() when the person has stopped typing for 300ms or so?

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  • What is an efficient method for partitioning and aggregating intervals from timestamped rows in a da

    - by mattrepl
    From a data frame with timestamped rows (strptime results), what is the best method for aggregating statistics for intervals? Intervals could be an hour, a day, etc. I've found the aggregate function, but that doesn't help with assigning each row to an interval. I'm planning on adding a column to the data frame that denotes interval and using that with aggregate, but if there's a better solution it'd be great to hear it. Thanks for any pointers!

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  • Building an *efficient* if/then interface for non-technical users to build flow-control in PHP

    - by Brendan
    I am currently building an internal tool to be used by our management to control the flow of traffic. I have built an if/then interface allowing the user to set conditions for certain outcomes, however it is inefficient to use the switch statement to control the flow. How can I improve the efficiency of my code? Example of code: if($previous['route_id'] == $condition['route_id'] && $failed == 0) //if we have not moved on to a new set of rules and we haven't failed yet { switch($condition['type']) { case 0 : $type = $user['hour']; break; case 1 : $type = $user['location']['region_abv']; break; case 2 : $type = $user['referrer_domain']; break; case 3 : $type = $user['affiliate']; break; case 4 : $type = $user['location']['country_code']; break; case 5 : $type = $user['location']['city']; break; } $type = strtolower($type); $condition['value'] = strtolower($condition['value']); switch($condition['operator']) { case 0 : if($type == $condition['value']); else $failed = '1'; break; case 1 : if($type != $condition['value']); else $failed = '1'; break; case 2 : if($type > $condition['value']); else $failed = '1'; break; case 3 : if($type >= $condition['value']); else $failed = '1'; break; case 4 : if($type < $condition['value']); else $failed = '1'; break; case 5 : if($type <= $condition['value']); else $failed = '1'; break; } }

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  • Most efficient way to extract bit flags

    - by Hallik
    I have these possible bit flags. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 64, 128, 256, 512, 2048, 4096, 16384, 32768, 65536 So each number is like a true/false statement on the server side. So if the first 3 items, and only the first 3 items are marked "true" on the server side, the web service will return a 7. Or if all 14 items above are true, I would still get a single number back from the web service which is is the sum of all those numbers. What is the best way to handle the number I get back to find out which items are marked as "true"?

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  • Efficient splitting of elements in a field

    - by Gary
    I have a field in a text file exported from a database. The field contains addresses but sometimes they are quite long and the database allows them to contain multiple lines. When exported, the newline character gets replaced with a dollar sign like this: first part of very long address$second part of very long address$third part of very long address Not every address has multiple lines and no address contains more than three lines. The length of each line is variable. I'm massaging the data for import into MS Access which is used for a mailmerge. I want to split the field on the $ sign if it's there but if the field only contains 1 line, I want to set my two extra output fields to a zero length string so that I don't wind up with blank lines in the address when it gets printed. I have an awk file that's working correctly on all the other data in the textfile but I need to get this last bit working. I tried the below code. Aside from the fact that I get a syntax error at the else, I'm not sure this is a good way to do what I want. This is being done with gawk on Windows. BEGIN { FS = "|" } $1 != "HEADER" { if ($6 ~ /\$/) split($6, arr, "$") address = arr[1] addresstwo = arr[2] addressthree = arr[3] addressLength = length(address) addressTwoLength = length(addresstwo) addressThreeLength = length(addressthree) else { address = $6 addressLength = length($6) addresstwo = "" addressTwoLength = length(addresstwo) addressthree = "" addressThreeLength = length(addressthree) } printf("%*s\t%*s\t\%*s\n", addressLength, address, addressTwoLength, addresstwo, addressThreeLength, addressthree) }

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  • Most efficient way to combine two objects in C#

    - by Dested
    I have two objects that can be represented as an int, float, bool, or string. I need to perform an addition on these two objects with the results being the same thing c# would produce as a result. For instance 1+"Foo" would equal the string "1Foo", 2+2.5 would equal the float 5.5, and 3+3 would equal the int 6 . Currently I am using the code below but it seems like incredible overkill. Can anyone simplify or point me to some way to do this efficiently? private object Combine(object o, object o1) { float left = 0; float right = 0; bool isInt = false; string l = null; string r = null; if (o is int) { left = (int)o; isInt = true; } else if (o is float) { left = (float)o; } else if (o is bool) { l = o.ToString(); } else { l = (string)o; } if (o1 is int) { right = (int)o1; } else if (o is float) { right = (float)o1; isInt = false; } else if (o1 is bool) { r = o1.ToString(); isInt = false; } else { r = (string)o1; isInt = false; } object rr; if (l == null) { if (r == null) { rr = left + right; } else { rr = left + r; } } else { if (r == null) { rr = l + right; } else { rr = l + r; } } if (isInt) { return Convert.ToInt32(rr); } return rr; }

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