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• Route specific network traffic through vpn in virtualbox guest

  - by Sander

  I am running OSX with a windows server 2008 guest in Virtualbox. My goal is to route some of the network traffic in the host through the server guest. This is because the win2008 server has a VPN connection to my workplace using a Smartcard solution which can not operate on OSX. My current set-up is like this: OSX (Host): connected to the internet via en01 Win2008 (Guest): connected to the internet using NAT (lan1 in guest) has a SSTP VPN connection to my workplace is connected to the guest using an Host Only Adapter vboxnet0 (LAN2 in guest) The important part is about the host (OSX). Primarily I want all network traffic to just go through en01. However, all traffic which can only be accessed through the VPN must go through the guest and through the VPN. I have one specific FQDN which can only be accessed through the VPN (say corp.mycompany.com). I do not know much about networking. I thought I would be able to get it to work by bridging together LAN2 and LAN1 but this didn't seem to work this: http://archives.aidanfindlater.com/blog/2010/02/03/use-vpn-for-specific-sites-on-mac-os-x/ using a loopback adapter on WinXP (when I did not have win2008 yet, but this doesn't work because I can't create a PPTP connection) And I've also read about Routing and Remote Access but I have no idea on how to use this. Can someone help me in the right direction?

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• How to avoid index.php in Zend Framework route using Nginx rewrite

  - by Adam Benayoun

  I am trying to get rid of index.php from the default Zend Framework route. I think it should be corrected at the server level and not on the application. (Correct me if I am wrong, but I think doing it on the server side is more efficient). I run Nginx 0.7.1 and php-fpm 5.3.3 This is my nginx configuration server { listen *:80; server_name domain; root /path/to/http; index index.php; client_max_body_size 30m; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location /min { try_files $uri $uri/ /min/index.php?q=; } location /blog { try_files $uri $uri/ /blog/index.php; } location /apc { try_files $uri $uri/ /apc.php$args; } location ~ \.php { include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/params/fastcgi_params_local; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $http_host; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } location ~* ^.+\.(ht|svn)$ { deny all; } # Static files location location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js)$ { expires max; } } Basically www.domain.com/index.php/path/to/url and www.domain.com/path/to/url serves the same content. I'd like to fix this using nginx rewrite. Any help will be appreciated.

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• How to route broadcast packets from machine with two network interfaces on same subnet

  - by Syam

  I run RHEL 5 and have two NICs on one machine connected to the same subnet: eth0 192.168.100.10 eth1 192.168.100.11 My application needs to receive and transmit UDP packets (both unicast & broadcast) via these interfaces. I've found the way to handle the ARP problem and I've added routes to handle the routing problem: ip rule add from 192.168.100.10 lookup 10 ip route add table 10 default src 192.168.100.10 dev eth0 (and similarly, table 11 for eth1) The problem is that only unicast packets gets routed properly. Broadcast packets always go out through eth0. I tried removing the rule for 192.168.100.0 & 192.168.100.255 from table 255 and adding them to my tables. But then I see ARP requests being given out for packets to 192.168.100.255 (obviously, no nodes respond and nobody gets any data). Due to several techno-political issues, I'm stuck with this configuration and can't change subnets or try something different. I've tried SO_BINDTODEVICE and it works, but I'd prefer a solution that doesn't need my application to run as root. Is there a way to get this working? Any help is highly appreciated.

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• SSH Connection Error : No route to host

  - by dewbot

  There are three machines in this scenario: Desktop A : [email protected] Laptop A : [email protected] Machine B : [email protected] All the machines have Ubuntu 11.04 (Desktop A is a 64bit one) and have both openssh-server and openssh-client. Now when I try to connect Desktop A to Laptop A or vice-versa by ssh [email protected] I get an error as port 22: No route to host in both the cases. I own both the machines, now if I try same commands from my friend's machine, i.e. via Desktop B, I can access both my Laptop and Desktop. But if I try to access Desktop B from my Laptop or by Desktop I get port 22: Connection timed out I even tried changing ssh port no. in ssh_config file but no success. Note: that 'Laptop A' uses WiFi connection while 'Machine A' uses Ethernet Connection and 'Machine B' is on an entirely different network. Laptop A && Desktop A - Router/Nano_Rcvr provided to me by ISP. So to one Router two Machines are connected and can be accessed at the same time. here is my ifconfig output for both the machines :- Laptop wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr X:X:X:X:00:bc inet addr:1.23.73.111 Bcast:1.23.95.255 Mask:255.255.224.0 inet6 addr: fe80::219:e3ff:fe04:bc/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:108409 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:82523 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:44974080 (44.9 MB) TX bytes:22973031 (22.9 MB) Desktop eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr X:X:X:X:c5:78 inet addr:1.23.68.209 Bcast:1.23.95.255 Mask:255.255.224.0 inet6 addr: fe80::227:eff:fe04:c578/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10380 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4509 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1790366 (1.7 MB) TX bytes:852877 (852.8 KB) Interrupt:43 Base address:0x2000

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• Route all traffic of home network through VPN

  - by user436118

  I have a typical semi advanced home network scenario: A cable modem - eth A wireless router (netgear n600) eth and wlan A home server (Running ubuntu 12.04 LTS, connected over wlan) A bunch of wireless clients (wlan) Lying around I have anoher cheaper wlan router, and two different USB wlan NIC's that are known to work with Linux. ACTA struck. I want to route ALL of my WAN traffic through a remote server through a VPN. For sake of completition, lets say there is a remote server running debian sqeeze where a VPN server is to be installed. The network is then to behave so that if the VPN is not operative, it is separated from the outside world. I am familiar with general system/network practices, but lack the specific detailed knowledge to accomplish this. Please suggest the right approach, packages and configurations you'd use to reach said solution. I've also envisioned the following network configuration, please improve it if you see fit: ==LAN== Client ip:10.1.1.x nm:255.0.0.0 gw:10.1.1.1 reached via WLAN Wlan router 1: ip: 10.1.1.1 nm:255.0.0.0 gw: 10.10.10.1 reached via ETH Homeserver: <<< VPN is initiated here, and the other endpoint is somewhere on the internet. eth0: ip:10.10.10.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw:192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN Homeserver: wlan0: ip: 192.168.0.2 nm: 255.255.255.0 gw: 192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN ==WAN== Wlan router 2: ip: 192.168.0.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw: set via dhcp uplink connector: cable modem Cable Modem: Remote DHCP. Has on-board DHCP server for ethernet device that connects to it, and only works this way. All this WLAN fussery is because my home server is located in a part of the house where a cable link isnt possible unfortunately.

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• Route all traffic of home network through VPN [migrated]

  - by user436118

  I have a typical semi advanced home network scenario: A cable modem - eth A wireless router (netgear n600) eth and wlan A home server (Running ubuntu 12.04 LTS, connected over wlan) A bunch of wireless clients (wlan) Lying around I have anoher cheaper wlan router, and two different USB wlan NIC's that are known to work with Linux. ACTA struck. I want to route ALL of my WAN traffic through a remote server through a VPN. For sake of completition, lets say there is a remote server running debian sqeeze where a VPN server is to be installed. The network is then to behave so that if the VPN is not operative, it is separated from the outside world. I am familiar with general system/network practices, but lack the specific detailed knowledge to accomplish this. Please suggest the right approach, packages and configurations you'd use to reach said solution. I've also envisioned the following network configuration, please improve it if you see fit: Client ip:10.1.1.x nm:255.0.0.0 gw:10.1.1.1 reached via WLAN Wlan router 1: ip: 10.1.1.1 nm:255.0.0.0 gw: 10.10.10.1 reached via ETH Homeserver: <<< VPN is initiated here, and the other endpoint is somewhere on the internet. eth0: ip:10.10.10.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw:192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN Homeserver: wlan0: ip: 192.168.0.2 nm: 255.255.255.0 gw: 192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN Wlan router 2: ip: 192.168.0.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw: set via dhcp uplink connector: cable modem Cable Modem: Remote DHCP. Has on-board DHCP server for ethernet device that connects to it, and only works this way. All this WLAN fussery is because my home server is located in a part of the house where a cable link isnt possible unfortunately.

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• Allow traffic from ssl-vpn to enter ipsec tunnel on fortigate

  - by Sascha

  we configured our FortiGate 50B to route traffic from our local net 192.168.10.* (which is our office) to a remote network 172.29.112.* using an ipsec tunnel. Everything works fine as long my computer has an ip from 192.168.10.*. We can also connect to the office network from at home using a ssl vpn connection. Once connected we receive an ip from 10.41.41.*. Now I want to allow the traffic flow from 10.41.41.* to 172.29.112.* just like it does from the office network. Could somebody point me in the right direction what I would need to do? Thanks, Sascha

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• Network Configuration

  - by Dario

  Hello, This is my situation: Router A: IP 192.168.1.1 Mask 192.168.1.0/24 - Connected to the internet. Server: - Interface eth0: inet addr:10.1.1.125 Mask:255.255.255.0 (connected to router B) - Interface ra0: inet addr:192.168.1.125 Mask:255.255.255.0 (connected to router A) Router B: IP 10.1.1.254 Mask 10.1.1.0/24 - Connected to Server's eth0 Computer: connected to Router B via WiFi connection. I configured a static route on Router B that use as default gateway 192.168.1.125 and i can ping that ip from computer. The problem is: how i can connect to the internet ? In other words, traffic coming from Server eth0 should use ra0 as gateway. Any suggestion ? Thank you

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• How to forward connection from one interface to another under linux

  - by Daniel

  Hi, I have linux box which has two network interface, eth0, eth1. from eth1 I can access an internal website, say under port 8080. from outside the box, I can't access that network. my question is, is there a way I set up something so from outside the box, there appears to be a web server running in port 8080 and when I connect to it, it automatically forwards to eht1 the internal site? I tried to enable ip forward and add a static route, but it doesn't work. thanks.

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• How to set which IP to use for a HTTP request?

  - by GetFree

  This is probably a silly question. I'm doing some http requests using wget from the command line, and I want those connections to be made through one specific IP of the 4 IPs my server has. Those http requests go to one specific range of IPs so I only want those to be routed differently. The 4 interfaces in my server are eth0, eth0:0, eth0:1, eth0:2. I tried with the following command: route add -net 192.164.10.0/24 dev eth0:0 But when I see the routing table it says: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.164.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 The interface is set to eth0 not eth0:0 as my command says. What am I doing wrong?

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• How to reply some request from which routes its came from?

  - by tacoen

  I wonder if we can reply some request from which route its came from? My Situation is like this: eth0 192.168.10.1 --> gw: 192.168.10.254 nm: 24 eth1 192.168.11.1 --> gw: 192.168.11.254 nm: 24 Since this two IP is on the same machine, normally when we ping to 192.168.11.1 from 192.168.10.2. This machine will not reply to 192.168.10.2 because 192.168.10.0/24 it's on eth0, and the packets where requested via eth1. Can I make it works? I'm using Linux ubuntu, and the application will be listen to eth1 only.

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• How to deal with redirect traffic in widows2003

  - by Huiyu

  I have set up an OpenVPN server on Windows 2003, and I want to route all client traffic through the VPN, so that my clients can connect to the Internet through the VPN server. In the server configuration, I added push "redirect-gateway def1". I know the server needs to be configured to deal with the traffic somehow: for example, on Linux, I can use iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE. The problem is, I don't know how to deal with the traffic on Windows Server 2003. Is there any way to accomplish this?

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• Masquerade traffic from certain source IP to VPN connection

  - by Shuo Ran

  Network Setup: 10.0.0.1 Router: to internet 10.0.0.70 Server: Ubuntu based server,default gateway is 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.51 PC I created a PPTP connection(interface: ppp0) on Server to a machine on the internet, what I want to do is route all the traffic from certain IP address(10.0.0.51) through the PPTP connection and then to the internet. What I did are: Set the gateway on PC(10.0.0.51) as 10.0.0.70 Enabled ipv4 forward on 10,0,0,70 Add the masquerade rule to iptable: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -s 10.0.0.51 -j MASQUERADE After that, it seems none of the traffic from 10.0.0.51 be redirected to ppp0, instead these traffic are still going through 10.0.0.1 directly. Any thoughts on it?

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• Linux router: ping doesn't route back

  - by El Barto

  I have a Debian box which I'm trying to set up as a router and an Ubuntu box which I'm using as a client. My problem is that when the Ubuntu client tries to ping a server on the Internet, all the packets are lost (though, as you can see below, they seem to go to the server and back without problem). I'm doing this in the Ubuntu Box: # ping -I eth1 my.remote-server.com PING my.remote-server.com (X.X.X.X) from 10.1.1.12 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- my.remote-server.com ping statistics --- 13 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 12094ms (I changed the name and IP of the remote server for privacy). From the Debian Router I see this: # tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 7, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 8, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 8, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 9, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 9, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 10, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 10, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 11, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 11, length 64 ^C 9 packets captured 9 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel # tcpdump -i eth2 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth2, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 213, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 213, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 214, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 214, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 215, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 215, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 216, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 216, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 217, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 217, length 64 ^C 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel And at the remote server I see this: # tcpdump -i eth0 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 1, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 1, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 2, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 2, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 3, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 3, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 4, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 4, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 5, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 5, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 6, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 6, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 7, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 7, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 8, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 8, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 9, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 9, length 64 18 packets captured 228 packets received by filter 92 packets dropped by kernel Here "X.X.X.X" is my remote server's IP and "Y.Y.Y.Y" is my local network's public IP. So, what I understand is that the ping packets are coming out of the Ubuntu box (10.1.1.12), to the router (10.1.1.1), from there to the next router (192.168.1.1) and reaching the remote server (X.X.X.X). Then they come back all the way to the Debian router, but they never reach the Ubuntu box back. What am I missing? Here's the Debian router setup: # ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:105761 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:40298768 (38.4 MiB) TX bytes:44831595 (42.7 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:38335992 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:37097705 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4260680226 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:3759806551 (3.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB) TX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2767779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1569477 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3609469393 (3.3 GiB) TX bytes:96113978 (91.6 MiB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 # arp -n # Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Ubuntu box (on 10.1.1.12 and 192.168.1.12) Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.118 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.72 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.94 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.102 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 10.1.1.12 ether 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0 C eth1 192.168.1.86 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.2 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.61 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.64 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.116 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.91 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.52 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.93 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.87 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.92 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.100 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.40 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.53 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.83 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.89 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.12 ether 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1 C eth2 192.168.1.77 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.66 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.90 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.65 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.41 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.78 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.123 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- 10.1.1.0/24 !10.1.1.0/24 MASQUERADE all -- !10.1.1.0/24 10.1.1.0/24 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination And here's the Ubuntu box: # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1 inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:28785139 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:19050735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32068182803 (32.0 GB) TX bytes:6061333280 (6.0 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:b1a00000-b1a20000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0 inet addr:10.1.1.12 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:285086 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12719 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:30817249 (30.8 MB) TX bytes:2153228 (2.1 MB) Interrupt:16 Memory:b1900000-b1920000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB) TX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.8.0.0 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 # arp -n # Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Debian box (on 10.1.1.1 and 192.168.1.10) Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.70 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.90 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.97 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.103 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.13 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.120 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.111 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.118 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.51 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.102 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.64 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.52 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.74 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.94 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.121 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.72 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.87 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.91 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.71 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.78 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.83 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.88 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.82 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.98 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.100 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.93 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.73 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.11 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.85 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.112 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.89 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.65 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.81 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 10.1.1.1 ether 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 C eth1 192.168.1.53 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.116 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.61 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.10 ether 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 C eth0 192.168.1.86 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.119 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.66 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth1 192.168.1.92 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Edit: Following Patrick's suggestion, I did a tcpdump con the Ubuntu box and I see this: # tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 1, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 1, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 2, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 2, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 3, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 3, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 4, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 4, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 5, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 5, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 6, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 6, length 64 ^C 12 packets captured 12 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel So the question is: if all packets seem to be coming and going, why does ping report 100% packet loss?

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• Tuning Linux IP routing parameters -- secret_interval and tcp_mem

  - by Jeff Atwood

  We had a little failover problem with one of our HAProxy VMs today. When we dug into it, we found this: Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070059] __ratelimit: 10 callbacks suppressed Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070064] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:47 haproxy2 kernel: [226819.560048] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:49 haproxy2 kernel: [226822.030044] Out of socket memory Which, per this link, apparently has to do with low default settings for net.ipv4.tcp_mem. So we increased them by 4x from their defaults (this is Ubuntu Server, not sure if the Linux flavor matters): current values are: 45984 61312 91968 new values are: 183936 245248 367872 After that, we started seeing a bizarre error message: Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579726] Route hash chain too long! Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579732] Adjust your secret_interval! Shh.. it's a secret!! This apparently has to do with /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval which defaults to 600 and controls periodic flushing of the route cache The secret_interval instructs the kernel how often to blow away ALL route hash entries regardless of how new/old they are. In our environment this is generally bad. The CPU will be busy rebuilding thousands of entries per second every time the cache is cleared. However we set this to run once a day to keep memory leaks at bay (though we've never had one). While we are happy to reduce this, it seems odd to recommend dropping the entire route cache at regular intervals, rather than simply pushing old values out of the route cache faster. After some investigation, we found /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity which seems to be a better option for keeping the route table size in check: gc_elasticity can best be described as the average bucket depth the kernel will accept before it starts expiring route hash entries. This will help maintain the upper limit of active routes. We adjusted elasticity from 8 to 4, in the hopes of the route cache pruning itself more aggressively. The secret_interval does not feel correct to us. But there are a bunch of settings and it's unclear which are really the right way to go here. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity (8) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_interval (60) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_min_interval (0) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_timeout (300) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval (600) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_thresh (?) rhash_entries (kernel parameter, default unknown?) We don't want to make the Linux routing worse, so we're kind of afraid to mess with some of these settings. Can anyone advise which routing parameters are best to tune, for a high traffic HAProxy instance?

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• Help analyzing traceroute

  - by Abdulla

  Hello, my name is Abdulla and I'm from Kuwait. Sorry for my question as I know its not technically challenging. I'm facing some problems with my internet connection. My company has a DSL 2mb connection. My main problem is latency, in the morning its good but after that its gets really bad. My Internet provider says there's nothing wrong and that everything is working perfectly. I tried to explain to them the latency issue but they say that as long as I'm getting the download speed there isn't anything I can do about it. I only want to know if this is true and that the company can't do anything before I change my internet provider, as I feel that the guys at the contact center might getting back to me without asking tech support. Below are 2 traces I made, one in the morning and the other in the afternoon: This was taken around 17:00 Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping google.com Pinging google.com [66.102.9.104] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=387ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=388ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=375ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=375ms TTL=49 Ping statistics for 66.102.9.104: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 375ms, Maximum = 388ms, Average = 381ms C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping google.com /t Pinging google.com [66.102.9.104] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=376ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=382ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=371ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=378ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=374ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=371ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=365ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=366ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=353ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=331ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=333ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=348ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=365ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=346ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=335ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=340ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=344ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=333ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=328ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=332ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=326ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=333ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=325ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=333ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=338ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.104: bytes=32 time=341ms TTL=49 Ping statistics for 66.102.9.104: Packets: Sent = 26, Received = 26, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 325ms, Maximum = 382ms, Average = 348ms Control-C ^C C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>travert google.com 'travert' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert google.com Tracing route to google.com [66.102.9.104] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.0.1 2 6 ms 6 ms 6 ms 80-184-31-1.adsl.kems.net [80.184.31.1] 3 7 ms 7 ms 8 ms 168.187.0.226 4 7 ms 8 ms 9 ms 168.187.0.125 5 180 ms 187 ms 188 ms if-11-2.core1.RSD-Riyad.as6453.net [116.0.78.89] 6 209 ms 222 ms 204 ms 195.219.167.57 7 541 ms 536 ms 540 ms 195.219.167.42 8 553 ms 552 ms 538 ms Vlan1102.icore1.PVU-Paris.as6453.net [195.219.24 1.109] 9 547 ms 543 ms 542 ms xe-9-1-0.edge4.paris1.level3.net [4.68.110.213] 10 540 ms 523 ms 531 ms ae-33-51.ebr1.Paris1.Level3.net [4.69.139.193] 11 755 ms 761 ms 695 ms ae-45-45.ebr1.London1.Level3.net [4.69.143.101] 12 271 ms 263 ms 400 ms ae-11-51.car1.London1.Level3.net [4.69.139.66] 13 701 ms 730 ms 742 ms 195.50.118.210 14 659 ms 641 ms 660 ms 209.85.255.76 15 280 ms 283 ms 292 ms 209.85.251.190 16 308 ms 293 ms 296 ms 72.14.232.239 17 679 ms 700 ms 721 ms 64.233.174.18 18 268 ms 281 ms 269 ms lm-in-f104.1e100.net [66.102.9.104] Trace complete. C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator> This was taken at 10:00am Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping google.com Pinging google.com [66.102.9.106] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=111ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=120ms TTL=49 Ping statistics for 66.102.9.106: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 110ms, Maximum = 120ms, Average = 113ms C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping google.com /t Pinging google.com [66.102.9.106] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=111ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=111ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=116ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=115ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=113ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=115ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=49 Reply from 66.102.9.106: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=49 Ping statistics for 66.102.9.106: Packets: Sent = 32, Received = 32, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 109ms, Maximum = 135ms, Average = 112ms Control-C ^C C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert google.com Tracing route to google.com [66.102.9.104] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.0.1 2 6 ms 6 ms 6 ms 80-184-31-1.adsl.kems.net [80.184.31.1] 3 8 ms 7 ms 6 ms 168.187.0.226 4 6 ms 7 ms 7 ms 168.187.0.125 5 20 ms 20 ms 18 ms if-11-2.core1.RSD-Riyad.as6453.net [116.0.78.89] 6 171 ms 205 ms 215 ms 195.219.167.57 7 191 ms 215 ms 226 ms 195.219.167.42 8 * 103 ms 94 ms Vlan1102.icore1.PVU-Paris.as6453.net [195.219.24 1.109] 9 94 ms 95 ms 97 ms xe-9-1-0.edge4.paris1.level3.net [4.68.110.213] 10 94 ms 94 ms 94 ms ae-33-51.ebr1.Paris1.Level3.net [4.69.139.193] 11 101 ms 101 ms 101 ms ae-48-48.ebr1.London1.Level3.net [4.69.143.113] 12 102 ms 102 ms 101 ms ae-11-51.car1.London1.Level3.net [4.69.139.66] 13 103 ms 102 ms 103 ms 195.50.118.210 14 137 ms 103 ms 100 ms 209.85.255.76 15 130 ms 124 ms 124 ms 209.85.251.190 16 114 ms 116 ms 116 ms 72.14.232.239 17 135 ms 113 ms 126 ms 64.233.174.18 18 126 ms 125 ms 127 ms lm-in-f104.1e100.net [66.102.9.104] Trace complete. C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>

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• Zend Framework cleaning default routes when adding other

  - by Renato Aquino

  I have the following problem with Zend Framework. My project has several controllers like Video,Category and Post. The VideoController has an Action called categorylist, so the default URL/Route becomes /video/categorylist Since the action requires 3 parameters I whant to add one simple route: $router->addRoute( 'categorylist', new Zend_Controller_Router_Route('categorylist/:category/:page/:per_page', array('controller' => 'video', 'action' => 'categorylist','page'=>1,'per_page'=>6,'category'=>1)) ); With this I got my URL like www.siteurl.com/categorylist/42/1/6 but, the View Helper URL got crazy, and every url for the other controllers I try to echo it´s redirected to the categorylist route. So when I try this: <?= $this->url(array("controller"=> "video", "action" =>"view",'category'=>1),null,true)?> The expected result its /video/view/category/1, but I got /categorylit only. I tryied to debug the default routes but I got an empty array. print_r($ctrl->getRouter()->getRoutes()); Does anyone have some clue about this wierd behavior? I´m using Zend Framework Version 1.9.7

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• Routes on a sphere surface - Find geodesic?

  - by CaNNaDaRk

  I'm working with some friends on a browser based game where people can move on a 2D map. It's been almost 7 years and still people play this game so we are thinking of a way to give them something new. Since then the game map was a limited plane and people could move from (0, 0) to (MAX_X, MAX_Y) in quantized X and Y increments (just imagine it as a big chessboard). We believe it's time to give it another dimension so, just a couple of weeks ago, we began to wonder how the game could look with other mappings: Unlimited plane with continous movement: this could be a step forward but still i'm not convinced. Toroidal World (continous or quantized movement): sincerely I worked with torus before but this time I want something more... Spherical world with continous movement: this would be great! What we want Users browsers are given a list of coordinates like (latitude, longitude) for each object on the spherical surface map; browsers must then show this in user's screen rendering them inside a web element (canvas maybe? this is not a problem). When people click on the plane we convert the (mouseX, mouseY) to (lat, lng) and send it to the server which has to compute a route between current user's position to the clicked point. What we have We began writing a Java library with many useful maths to work with Rotation Matrices, Quaternions, Euler Angles, Translations, etc. We put it all together and created a program that generates sphere points, renders them and show them to the user inside a JPanel. We managed to catch clicks and translate them to spherical coords and to provide some other useful features like view rotation, scale, translation etc. What we have now is like a little (very little indeed) engine that simulates client and server interaction. Client side shows points on the screen and catches other interactions, server side renders the view and does other calculus like interpolating the route between current position and clicked point. Where is the problem? Obviously we want to have the shortest path to interpolate between the two route points. We use quaternions to interpolate between two points on the surface of the sphere and this seemed to work fine until i noticed that we weren't getting the shortest path on the sphere surface: We though the problem was that the route is calculated as the sum of two rotations about X and Y axis. So we changed the way we calculate the destination quaternion: We get the third angle (the first is latitude, the second is longitude, the third is the rotation about the vector which points toward our current position) which we called orientation. Now that we have the "orientation" angle we rotate Z axis and then use the result vector as the rotation axis for the destination quaternion (you can see the rotation axis in grey): What we got is the correct route (you can see it lays on a great circle), but we get to this ONLY if the starting route point is at latitude, longitude (0, 0) which means the starting vector is (sphereRadius, 0, 0). With the previous version (image 1) we don't get a good result even when startin point is 0, 0, so i think we're moving towards a solution, but the procedure we follow to get this route is a little "strange" maybe? In the following image you get a view of the problem we get when starting point is not (0, 0), as you can see starting point is not the (sphereRadius, 0, 0) vector, and as you can see the destination point (which is correctly drawn!) is not on the route. The magenta point (the one which lays on the route) is the route's ending point rotated about the center of the sphere of (-startLatitude, 0, -startLongitude). This means that if i calculate a rotation matrix and apply it to every point on the route maybe i'll get the real route, but I start to think that there's a better way to do this. Maybe I should try to get the plane through the center of the sphere and the route points, intersect it with the sphere and get the geodesic? But how? Sorry for being way too verbose and maybe for incorrect English but this thing is blowing my mind! EDIT: This code version is related to the first image: public void setRouteStart(double lat, double lng) { EulerAngles tmp = new EulerAngles ( Math.toRadians(lat), 0, -Math.toRadians(lng)); //set route start Quaternion qtStart.setInertialToObject(tmp); //do other stuff like drawing start point... } public void impostaDestinazione(double lat, double lng) { EulerAngles tmp = new AngoliEulero( Math.toRadians(lat), 0, -Math.toRadians(lng)); qtEnd.setInertialToObject(tmp); //do other stuff like drawing dest point... } public V3D interpolate(double totalTime, double t) { double _t = t/totalTime; Quaternion q = Quaternion.Slerp(qtStart, qtEnd, _t); RotationMatrix.inertialQuatToIObject(q); V3D p = matInt.inertialToObject(V3D.Xaxis.scale(sphereRadius)); //other stuff, like drawing point ... return p; } //mostly taken from a book! public static Quaternion Slerp(Quaternion q0, Quaternion q1, double t) { double cosO = q0.dot(q1); double q1w = q1.w; double q1x = q1.x; double q1y = q1.y; double q1z = q1.z; if (cosO < 0.0f) { q1w = -q1w; q1x = -q1x; q1y = -q1y; q1z = -q1z; cosO = -cosO; } double sinO = Math.sqrt(1.0f - cosO*cosO); double O = Math.atan2(sinO, cosO); double oneOverSinO = 1.0f / senoOmega; k0 = Math.sin((1.0f - t) * O) * oneOverSinO; k1 = Math.sin(t * O) * oneOverSinO; // Interpolate return new Quaternion( k0*q0.w + k1*q1w, k0*q0.x + k1*q1x, k0*q0.y + k1*q1y, k0*q0.z + k1*q1z ); } A little dump of what i get (again check image 1): Route info: Sphere radius and center: 200,000, (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) Route start: lat 0,000 °, lng 0,000 ° @v: (200,000, 0,000, 0,000), |v| = 200,000 Route end: lat 30,000 °, lng 30,000 ° @v: (150,000, 86,603, 100,000), |v| = 200,000 Qt dump: (w, x, y, z), rot. angle°, (x, y, z) rot. axis Qt start: (1,000, 0,000, -0,000, 0,000); 0,000 °; (1,000, 0,000, 0,000) Qt end: (0,933, 0,067, -0,250, 0,250); 42,181 °; (0,186, -0,695, 0,695) Route start: lat 30,000 °, lng 10,000 ° @v: (170,574, 30,077, 100,000), |v| = 200,000 Route end: lat 80,000 °, lng -50,000 ° @v: (22,324, -26,604, 196,962), |v| = 200,000 Qt dump: (w, x, y, z), rot. angle°, (x, y, z) rot. axis Qt start: (0,962, 0,023, -0,258, 0,084); 31,586 °; (0,083, -0,947, 0,309) Qt end: (0,694, -0,272, -0,583, -0,324); 92,062 °; (-0,377, -0,809, -0,450)

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• How to set up a VPN Incoming connection with Windows to tunnel Internet traffic?

  - by Mehrdad

  I want to set up a VPN on a remote server to route all my Internet traffic for privacy reasons. I can set up an incoming connection and connect to it successfully. The problem is, I can just see the remote computer and no other Web sites will open. I want the remote server to act like a NAT. How can I do that? Note that I don't want to split Internet traffic. I actually want to send all the traffic to the remote server but need to make it relay the traffic. For the record, my remote server is Windows Web Server 2008 which does not have routing and remote access service. Clarification I'm mostly interested in server configuration. I don't have any problems configuring the client. By the way, Windows Web Server 2008 seems to have the same VPN features built in client OSes (like Vista) and specifically, it doesn't include the RRAS console in MMC. I'm also open to suggestions regarding third party PPTP/L2TP daemons available, if they are free.

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• Solaris 10: cannot ping to/from server

  - by anurag kohli

  All, I have a Solaris 10 server which is not reachable by IP (ie can't ping to/from the server). I believe I have the default route setup correctly. See below: # ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 bge0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.62.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.62.255 ether 0:14:4f:b1:9b:30 # netstat -rn Routing Table: IPv4 Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------- 192.168.62.0 192.168.62.100 U 1 40 bge0 224.0.0.0 192.168.62.100 U 1 0 bge0 default 192.168.62.1 UG 1 0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 4 lo0 # # cat /etc/defaultrouter 192.168.62.1 I have verified layer1 and layer 2 are up on the switchport, and that it's on the correct VLAN. I have also checked the default gateawy (192.168.62.1) is in fact reachable since I can ping it from my PC: Pinging 192.168.62.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=254 I'm at a loss as to what is wrong. I would highly appreciated your assistance. Thank you very much.

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• Routing / binding 128 IPs to one server

  - by Andrew

  I have a Ubuntu server with 128 ip's (static external ips 86.xx.xx.16), and I want to crawl pages thru different ip's. The gateway is xx.xxx.xxx.1, the main ip is xx.xxx.xxx.16, and the other 128 ip's are xx.xxx.xxx.129/255. I tried this configuration in /etc/network/interfaces but I doesn't work. It work if I remove the gateway for the aliases eth0:0 and eth0:1. I think this is routing problem. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto eth0:0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.16 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.129 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:1 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.130 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 Also, please tell me how to "reset" every changes that I made in networking and routing. Update: I removed the gateway and now it works. I can reach the website thru all 128 ip's. But when I try to bind a socket connection in php to a specific ip I get no answer. socket_bind($sock, "xx.xxx.xx.xxx"); socket_connect($sock, 'google.com', 80); I tryed to use a sniffer to see the packets, and I see the packet sent from binded ip to google.com but the "connection" can't be established. I don't know anything about "route" command, but I have a feeling that this is the solution.

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• Server not resolving after restart

  - by DomainSoil

  I restarted our server today, and now cannot for the life of me get anything to resolve... I suspect it has something to do with our routes. I've tried numerous Google results to no avail. Here is as far as I've gotten: [root@www ~]# route -n Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.1.101 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.101 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 Things you need to know: Our server (CentOS 6.3) runs two virtual machines, one live, and one development. They mirror each other as much as possible, but I can't find where I've went wrong with the live server. The dev server works fine. [root@www ~]# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx inet6 addr: xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:118206 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:165 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:7825749 (7.4 Mib) TX bytes:7146 (69.2 KiB) Interrupt:28 [root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/network status Configured devices: lo Auto eth0 Currently active devices: lo eth1 If there is any other information you need, please don't hesitate to ask!

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• Separated virtual networks with same subnet range with 2 interface

  - by Coolpet

  I'm having some problems with routing with the following: I have a server with 2 interfaces. It has 1-1 alias contains the same subnet. the 2 interface is connected to 2 switch, which are separated from each other. Infrastructure: Eth0 192.168.16.2/20 Eth0:eth0 192.168.1.222/20 Eth1 192.168.32.3/20 Eth1:eth1 192.168.1.223/20 I have a PC which has the IP address: 192.168.1.3/24 The problem is the next: If PC is on subnet 1, I can ping it. If PC is on subnet 2, I can't ping it. traceroute shows the route is across 192.168.1.222 ping -I 192.168.1.223 192.168.1.3 is not working on subnet 2. arp entries show the MAC address belonging to the correct interface (eth1 on subnet 2) How can I force the server to look on both interface same ranged subnet for specific IP? It searches only in the first subnet. The routing table has these 2 entries: 192.168.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.222 192.168.0.0/20 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.223

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• Configuring two subnets with two NICS. Access from a NAS to the internet

  - by archipestre

  I am having trouble configuring my NAS. I have a DSL router with WIFI (192.168.1.1) in my flatmates room. In my room I have a server with two NICS: 1) wlan0 (192.168.1.2) that connects to the DSL router via wireless 2) em1 (192.168.0.1) that connects to the NAS (192.168.0.20) with a crossover cable. I have Fedora 17 and I have enable packet forwarding. My IP configuration is as follows: WLAN0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 EM1 inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 My routing table looks like: Destination Gateway G enmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 em1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 I have enable a static route in the DSL server: Status Network Destination Subnet Mask Interface Gateway Remove Edit Active 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 LAN 192.168.1.2 From my server I can ping the DSL router and the NAS. From the NAS I can ping both NICS of the server. However the NAS is unable to ping the DSL router or any address in the Internet. Any idea of what is wrong. Thank you in advance

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• ASP.NET MVC Html.ActionLink Maintains Route Values

  - by Carl

  Hi, I have a question that has pretty much been asked here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/780643/asp-net-mvc-html-actionlink-keeping-route-value-i-dont-want However, the final solution is a kludge, pure and simple and I really would like to understand why this happens, if someone can please explain it to me? For completeness, it is possible to recreate the scenario very easily: Create a new MVC web app. Run it up. Visit the About tab Modify the URL to read /Home/About/Flib - This obviously takes you to the action with an id of 'Flib' which we don't care about. Notice that the top menu link to About now actually links to /Home/About/Flib - this is wrong as far as I can see, as I now have absolutely no way of using site links to get back to /Home/About I really don't understand why I should be forced to modify all of my Html.ActionLinks to include new { id = string.Empty } for the routevalues and null for the htmlAttribs. This seems especially out of whack because I already specify id = 0 as part of the route itself. Hopefully I'm missing a trick here.

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