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  • How Ubuntu cloud version enforces the "no root login" over ssh ?

    - by Maxim Veksler
    Hello, I'm looking to tweak ubuntu cloud version default setup where is denies root login. Attempting to connect to such machine yields: maxim@maxim-desktop:~/workspace/integration/deployengine$ ssh [email protected] The authenticity of host 'ec2-204-236-252-95.compute-1.amazonaws.com (204.236.252.95)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 3f:96:f4:b3:b9:4b:4f:21:5f:00:38:2a:bb:41:19:1a. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'ec2-204-236-252-95.compute-1.amazonaws.com' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Please login as the ubuntu user rather than root user. Connection to ec2-204-236-252-95.compute-1.amazonaws.com closed. I would like to know where this is setup and how I can change the printed message? Thank you, Maxim.

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  • Diffie-Hellman -- Primitive root mod n -- cryptography question.

    - by somewhat confused
    In the below snippet, please explain starting with the first "for" loop what is happening and why. Why is 0 added, why is 1 added in the second loop. What is going on in the "if" statement under bigi. Finally explain the modPow method. Thank you in advance for meaningful replies. public static boolean isPrimitive(BigInteger m, BigInteger n) { BigInteger bigi, vectorint; Vector<BigInteger> v = new Vector<BigInteger>(m.intValue()); int i; for (i=0;i<m.intValue();i++) v.add(new BigInteger("0")); for (i=1;i<m.intValue();i++) { bigi = new BigInteger("" + i); if (m.gcd(bigi).intValue() == 1) v.setElementAt(new BigInteger("1"), n.modPow(bigi,m).intValue()); } for (i=0;i<m.intValue();i++) { bigi = new BigInteger("" + i); if (m.gcd(bigi).intValue() == 1) { vectorint = v.elementAt(bigi.intValue()); if ( vectorint.intValue() == 0) i = m.intValue() + 1; } } if (i == m.intValue() + 2) return false; else return true; }

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  • Does admin=true and root has the same privileges on AIX?

    - by Boaz Tirosh
    Does a user in /etc/security/user with the parameter admin set to true (admin = true) has the same privileges as the root user? According to IBM (full information here): admin Defines the administrative status of the user. Possible values are: true The user is an administrator. Only the root user can change the attributes of users defined as administrators. false The user is not an administrator. This is the default value. Is there another type of user, or are admin and root the same?

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  • Fixing unbootable installation on LVM root from Desktop LiveCD

    - by intuited
    I just did an installation from the 10.10 Desktop LiveCD, making the root volume an LVM LV. Apparently this is not supported; I managed it by taking these steps before starting the GUI installer app: installing the lvm2 package on the running system creating an LVM-type partition on the system hard drive creating a physical volume, a volume group and a root LV using the LVM tools. I also created a second LV for /var; this I don't think is relevant. creating a filesystem (ext4) on each of the two LVs. After taking these steps, the GUI installer offered the two LVs as installation targets; I gladly accepted, also putting /boot on a primary partition separate from the LVM partition. Installation seemed to go smoothly, and I've verified that both the root and var volumes do contain acceptable-looking directory structures. However, booting fails; if I understood correctly what happened, I was dropped into a busybox running in the initrd filesystem. Although I haven't worked through the entirety of the grub2 docs yet, it looks like the entry that tries to boot my new system is correct: menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos3)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set $UUID_OF_BOOT_FILESYSTEM linux /vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=/dev/mapper/$LVM_VOLUME_GROUP-root ro quiet splash initrd /initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } Note that $VARS are replaced in the actual grub.cfg with their corresponding values. I rebooted back into the livecd and have unpacked the initrd image into a temp directory. It looks like the initrd image lacks LVM functionality. For example, if I'm reading /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/lvm2 (installed with lvm2 on the livecd-booted system, not present on the installed one) correctly, an lvm executable should be situated in /sbin; that is not the case. What's the best way to remedy this situation? I realize that it would be easier to just use the alternate install CD, which apparently supports LVM, but I don't want to wait for it to download and then have to reinstall.

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  • CPanel - Wild card SSL - How to point *.domain.com to one root and sub.domain.com to another root

    - by Harry Muscle
    I have a wildcard (*.domain.com) SSL certificate installed on my CPanel server. I have domain.com configured to point to /domain.com as its document root and use this wildcard SSL certificate. I also have sub.domain.com configured to point to /sub.domain.com as its document root. Btw, I have not explicitly configured configured sub.domain.com to use the wildcard SSL certificate. When I go to "http://sub.domain.com" it goes to the correct document root, however my problem is that when I go to "https://sub.domain.com" it goes to the incorrect root, it goes to the root configured for the wildcard SSL. I've been trying to find information on how to go about configuring sub.domain.com to use the SSL certificate and go to the correct document root, however, so far I haven't found anything concrete. Do I use the same steps that I used for configuring the certificate for domain.com, but use the same certificate again and specify dev.domain.com as the domain that this certificate is for (instead of *.domain.com)? Or is there something else I should be doing? This is a production server, so I don't want to play around too much. I'm hoping to find the correct information before proceeding.

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  • apport-collect fails with "certificate verify failed" when trying to report a bug on launchpad

    - by Francesco
    I am trying to report a bug but I get root@beagle:/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport# apport-collect <bug_id> ERROR: connecting to Launchpad failed: [Errno 1] _ssl.c:504: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed You can reset the credentials by removing the file "/root/.cache/apport/launchpad.credentials" Moreover firefox tells me Certificate is not currently valid for bugs.launchpad.net. What can I do?

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  • aufs user permissions

    - by user56395
    Anyone know why this doesn't work? Is this user error, AUFS feature or bug maybe: rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ mkdir orig tmp au rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ sudo mount -t tmpfs none tmp rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ sudo chown -R rac tmp rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ echo hello > orig/hello rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ sudo mount -t aufs -o br=tmp:orig none au rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ ls -al au total 8 drwxrwxrwt 4 rac root 100 2011-01-06 13:53 . drwxr-xr-x 5 rac rac 4096 2011-01-06 13:52 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 rac rac 6 2011-01-06 13:53 hello rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ rm au/hello rm: cannot remove `au/hello': Operation not permitted rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ Seems the aufs files were created as root and user has no access to them: rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ sudo rm au/hello rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ ls -al tmp total 4 drwxrwxrwt 4 rac root 120 2011-01-06 13:53 . drwxr-xr-x 5 rac rac 4096 2011-01-06 13:52 .. -r--r--r-- 2 root root 0 2011-01-06 13:53 .wh.hello -r--r--r-- 2 root root 0 2011-01-06 13:53 .wh..wh.aufs drwx------ 2 root root 40 2011-01-06 13:53 .wh..wh.orph drwx------ 2 root root 40 2011-01-06 13:53 .wh..wh.plnk rac@tecraS1:~/tmp$ OS is the latest Lucid with 2.6.35-23 stock kernel. No idea about aufs version. Using sudo chown -R rac tmp/.wh* fixes the problem. Thanks for looking.

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  • optimal folder structure for storing 100k files on a USB drive

    - by cherouvim
    I need to store 100k files (around 40GB) in a USB drive. Each file has a unique int id (e.g 45000). Option one is to put all files in a single folder: root/ root/1.pdf root/2.pdf root/3.pdf ... root/567.pdf root/568.pdf root/569.pdf ... root/10001.pdf root/10002.pdf root/10003.pdf ... root/99998.pdf root/99999.pdf root/100000.pdf Option two is to create a [1-9][0-9]* folder hierarchy based on that id: root/ root/1/file.pdf root/2/file.pdf root/3/file.pdf ... root/5/6/7/file.pdf root/5/6/8/file.pdf root/5/6/9/file.pdf ... root/1/0/0/0/1/file.pdf root/1/0/0/0/2/file.pdf root/1/0/0/0/3/file.pdf ... root/9/9/9/9/8/file.pdf root/9/9/9/9/9/file.pdf root/1/0/0/0/0/0/file.pdf Which option will scale better? I can understand that the second option will require tons of folders but each folder will at most contain 10 folders and 1 file. Maintenance will not be an issue since everything will be controlled by an application. Note that this is a USB drive on linux and based on the above I'd also like to know whether I should go with FAT32 or NTFS.

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  • Certificates in SQL Server 2008

    - by Brandi
    I need to implement SSL for transmissions between my application and Sql Server 2008. I am using Windows 7, Sql Server 2008, Sql Server Management Studio, and my application is written in c#. I was trying to follow the MSDN page on creating certificates and this under 'Encrpyt for a specific client', but I got hopelessly confused. I need some baby steps to get further down the road to implementing encryption successfully. First, I don't understand MMC. I see a lot of certificates in there... are these certificates that I should be using for my own encryption or are these being used for things that already exist? Another thing, I assume all these certificates are files are located on my local computer, so why is there a folder called 'Personal'? Second, to avoid the above issue, I did a little experiment with a self-signed assembly. As shown in the MSDN link above, I used SQL executed in SSMS to create a self-signed certificate. Then I used the following connection string to connect: Data Source=myServer;Initial Catalog=myDatabase;User ID=myUser;Password=myPassword;Encrypt=True;TrustServerCertificate=True It connected, worked. Then I deleted the certificate I'd just created and it still worked. Obviously it was never doing anything, but why not? How would I tell if it's actually "working"? I think I may be missing an intermediate step of (somehow?) getting the file off of SSMS and onto the client? I don't know what I'm doing in the least bit, so any help, advice, comments, references you can give me are much appreciated. Thank you in advance. :)

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  • Silverlight WCF with two-way SSL security certificates

    - by dlang
    Dear All! I would like to implement a server - client software with the following security requirements: WCF-Services need to be secured with SSL and Certificates for both, the server and the client Client certificates need to be generated programmatically upon user registration Client-certificates are deployed via a an automatically generated installer-package Altough the client-certificates are self-signed (no authorized CA for the generation server) the end-user must not add the server-certificate to the trusted certificates in the local Certificate Store My problems: I cannot find any information regarding establishing such a two-way ssl-security for wcf, while the server-certificate is not signed by an authorized CA and instead is created programmatically with "makecert"... My question: Is it technically possible to implement this requirements? If yes - could you provide some hints how to get started? Thank you!

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  • IIS 7.0: Requiring Client Certificates causes error 500 and "page cannot be displayed"

    - by user48443
    I have two Windows 2008 x86 servers running IIS 7.0, one site on each server; both sites are SSL-enabled, using DoD-issued certificates. Both sites are accessible via https over port 443, but fail the moment Client Certificates are set to Require or Accept. IIS log records error 500.0.64 but nothing else. I have several Windows 2008 IIS 7 x64 servers that require client certificates and they are working as expected; it's just the two x86 servers that are being problematic.

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  • IIS requesting certificates even though set to ignore

    - by lupefiasco
    I have a web site in IIS 6 with directory security set to Require secure channel (SSL) and Require 128-bit encryption. Also, the Client certificates setting is set to "Ignore client certificates". When I hit https://servername/resource in Internet Explorer and Chrome , I am prompted for a certificate. I can cancel the prompt, and the resource will load, but I don't want to see this prompt at all. I looked at the virtual directories and resources within the web site, and they all have the ignore client certificates setting on. Could there be another setting, perhaps in the metbase, that is overriding the web site's directory security settings?

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  • public key infrastructure - distribute bad root certificates

    - by iamrohitbanga
    Suppose a hacker launches a new Linux distro with firefox provided with it. Now a browser contains the certificates of the root certification authorities of PKI. Because firefox is a free browser anyone can package it with fake root certificates. Can this be used to authenticate some websites. How? Many existing linux distros are mirrored by people. They can easily package software containing certificates that can lead to such attacks. Is the above possible? Has such an attack taken place before?

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  • my webserver with 16GB ram shows all RAM as used, but is it really, see the 'top'

    - by Alex
    I have some questions about my web server. Its a LAMP web server running centos 5.5 and php5, mysql5. The server gets hundreds (maybe thousand) of concurrent users during peak hours. I'm trying to optimize a little and understand "top". From what I can see: all 16GB of my ram have been used up? does that mean that my server needs more memory? My swap is only 2GB, should it be increased? usually during peak hours my server load average first number is about 2.5-3. What could I do to optimize the server so that the load average even during peak doesn't go above 1? In the past I was told a good working server should stay under 1 load, is this still true? Although even during load of 2.5-3, server pages and applications seem to load with pretty good speed. what should the memory size in php.ini be set to? top - 14:30:18 up 2 days, 12:41, 5 users, load average: 1.25, 1.74, 2.92 Tasks: 305 total, 2 running, 302 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 6.3%us, 0.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 92.5%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16427200k total, 16111472k used, 315728k free, 3120316k buffers Swap: 2104496k total, 268k used, 2104228k free, 6216756k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 29080 apache 15 0 358m 36m 5192 S 20.2 0.2 2:08.40 httpd 29093 apache 18 0 357m 36m 5192 S 18.2 0.2 2:02.52 httpd 29079 apache 15 0 370m 49m 5832 S 10.0 0.3 2:32.14 httpd 1812 apache 15 0 370m 49m 5196 S 7.3 0.3 2:25.30 httpd 5204 apache 15 0 358m 36m 5168 S 5.3 0.2 0:59.28 httpd 29075 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5184 S 3.3 0.3 2:15.93 httpd 9712 apache 15 0 360m 38m 5180 S 3.0 0.2 0:54.81 httpd 29072 apache 16 0 358m 36m 5192 S 2.7 0.2 2:24.43 httpd 6310 apache 17 0 388m 67m 5180 S 2.3 0.4 0:58.85 httpd 8674 apache 15 0 343m 21m 4980 S 2.0 0.1 0:07.91 httpd 29085 apache 15 0 371m 49m 5224 S 2.0 0.3 2:16.86 httpd 29083 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5196 S 1.7 0.3 2:10.64 httpd 5575 apache 15 0 357m 36m 5228 S 1.3 0.2 0:53.78 httpd 29066 apache 15 0 379m 59m 5860 R 1.3 0.4 2:11.93 httpd 29078 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5188 S 1.3 0.3 2:14.52 httpd 29084 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5208 S 1.0 0.3 2:02.49 httpd 29089 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5188 S 1.0 0.3 2:27.61 httpd 29082 apache 15 0 390m 68m 5188 S 0.7 0.4 2:32.48 httpd 29984 apache 15 0 358m 36m 5228 S 0.7 0.2 2:08.32 httpd 3571 root 16 0 13400 1792 848 S 0.3 0.0 2:37.89 top 4419 mysql 15 0 668m 175m 7204 S 0.3 1.1 3:32.25 mysqld 28181 root 15 0 90460 3624 2680 S 0.3 0.0 0:17.60 sshd 29091 apache 15 0 390m 69m 5196 S 0.3 0.4 2:29.99 httpd 32476 root 15 0 12900 1320 848 R 0.3 0.0 0:06.46 top 1 root 15 0 10372 680 572 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.01 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.51 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 14 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.45 migration/4 15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/4 16 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/4 17 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.22 migration/5 18 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/5 19 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/5 20 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 migration/6 21 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/6 22 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/6 23 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 migration/7 24 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/7 25 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/7 26 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.19 migration/8 27 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/8 28 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/8 29 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.34 migration/9 30 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/9 31 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/9 32 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.16 migration/10 33 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/10 34 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/10 35 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/11 36 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 ksoftirqd/11 37 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/11 38 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 migration/12

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  • Web based interface for open SSL client certificates

    - by Felix
    Hi there! We are currently developing a apache2-based web application and want to invite some beta testers to give it a try. To be on the safe side, access should be provided by individual browser certificates (.p12) which are issued using a (fake) CA. Our users should be passing a complete register/login process and some of them will be granted administrative privileges within the application. That's why a preceding simple web-based authentication won't be sufficient. Atm, I am using a serverside shellscript to generate the certificates each time. Do you know about a small, web-based tool to simplify the process of generating / revoking those certificates? Maybe an overview of the CA's index.txt plus the option to revoke a cert and a link to download them directly?

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  • What happens when you add/remove current site as trusted site?

    - by kasey
    What happens when you add/remove the current site, while logged on, as a trusted site? When users do this on our website, and then try to click on a link or close the browser, they get the following JavaScript exception: "Microsoft JScript runtime error: 'type' is null or not an object" in the below library code at the line "var etype = this.type = e.type.toLowerCase();" Sys.UI.DomEvent = function Sys$UI$DomEvent(eventObject) { /// <summary locid="M:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.#ctor" /> /// <param name="eventObject"></param> /// <field name="altKey" type="Boolean" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.altKey"></field> /// <field name="button" type="Sys.UI.MouseButton" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.button"></field> /// <field name="charCode" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.charCode"></field> /// <field name="clientX" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.clientX"></field> /// <field name="clientY" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.clientY"></field> /// <field name="ctrlKey" type="Boolean" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.ctrlKey"></field> /// <field name="keyCode" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.keyCode"></field> /// <field name="offsetX" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.offsetX"></field> /// <field name="offsetY" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.offsetY"></field> /// <field name="screenX" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.screenX"></field> /// <field name="screenY" type="Number" integer="true" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.screenY"></field> /// <field name="shiftKey" type="Boolean" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.shiftKey"></field> /// <field name="target" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.target"></field> /// <field name="type" type="String" locid="F:J#Sys.UI.DomEvent.type"></field> var e = Function._validateParams(arguments, [ {name: "eventObject"} ]); if (e) throw e; var e = eventObject; var etype = this.type = e.type.toLowerCase(); this.rawEvent = e; this.altKey = e.altKey; if (typeof(e.button) !== 'undefined') { this.button = (typeof(e.which) !== 'undefined') ? e.button : (e.button === 4) ? Sys.UI.MouseButton.middleButton : (e.button === 2) ? Sys.UI.MouseButton.rightButton : Sys.UI.MouseButton.leftButton; } if (etype === 'keypress') { this.charCode = e.charCode || e.keyCode; } else if (e.keyCode && (e.keyCode === 46)) { this.keyCode = 127; } else { this.keyCode = e.keyCode; } this.clientX = e.clientX; this.clientY = e.clientY; this.ctrlKey = e.ctrlKey; this.target = e.target ? e.target : e.srcElement; if (!etype.startsWith('key')) { if ((typeof(e.offsetX) !== 'undefined') && (typeof(e.offsetY) !== 'undefined')) { this.offsetX = e.offsetX; this.offsetY = e.offsetY; } else if (this.target && (this.target.nodeType !== 3) && (typeof(e.clientX) === 'number')) { var loc = Sys.UI.DomElement.getLocation(this.target); var w = Sys.UI.DomElement._getWindow(this.target); this.offsetX = (w.pageXOffset || 0) + e.clientX - loc.x; this.offsetY = (w.pageYOffset || 0) + e.clientY - loc.y; } } this.screenX = e.screenX; this.screenY = e.screenY; this.shiftKey = e.shiftKey; } Note: the site does not require trusted privileges to function correctly.

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  • how to debug application as root in eclipse in Ubuntu?

    - by futang
    I'm programming application using libpcap. when I debug the application in normal mode, pcap cannot get the network device. it seems that I have to debug the application in root. How can I debug the application in root? I have the root password. I think eclipse has such an option that can add root for the debugging application,but I don't know how to do it. please help.

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  • Command does not execute in crontab while command itself works just fine

    - by fuzzybee
    I have this script from Colin Johnson on Github - https://github.com/colinbjohnson/aws-missing-tools/tree/master/ec2-automate-backup It seems great. I have modified it to send email to myself every time an EBS snapshot is created or deleted. The following works like a charm ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-myvolumeid" -k 3 However, it does not execute at all as part of my crontab (I didn't receive any emails) #some command that got commented out */5 * * * * ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3; * * * * * date /root/logs/crontab.log; */5 * * * * date /root/logs/crontab2.log Please note that the 2nd and 3rd execute just fines as I can see the date and time in log files. What could I have missed here? The full ec2-automate-backup.sh is as follows: #!/bin/bash - # Author: Colin Johnson / [email protected] # Date: 2012-09-24 # Version 0.1 # License Type: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 3 # #confirms that executables required for succesful script execution are available prerequisite_check() { for prerequisite in basename ec2-create-snapshot ec2-create-tags ec2-describe-snapshots ec2-delete-snapshot date do #use of "hash" chosen as it is a shell builtin and will add programs to hash table, possibly speeding execution. Use of type also considered - open to suggestions. hash $prerequisite &> /dev/null if [[ $? == 1 ]] #has exits with exit status of 70, executable was not found then echo "In order to use `basename $0`, the executable \"$prerequisite\" must be installed." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 0" [email protected] ; exit 70 fi done } #get_EBS_List gets a list of available EBS instances depending upon the selection_method of EBS selection that is provided by user input get_EBS_List() { case $selection_method in volumeid) if [[ -z $volumeid ]] then echo "The selection method \"volumeid\" (which is $app_name's default selection_method of operation or requested by using the -s volumeid parameter) requires a volumeid (-v volumeid) for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-v vol-6d6a0527\",\"-s volumeid -v vol-6d6a0527\" or \"-v \"vol-6d6a0527 vol-636a0112\"\" if multiple volumes are to be selected." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 1" [email protected] ; exit 64 fi ebs_selection_string="$volumeid" ;; tag) if [[ -z $tag ]] then echo "The selected selection_method \"tag\" (-s tag) requires a valid tag (-t key=value) for operation. Correct usage is as follows: \"-s tag -t backup=true\" or \"-s tag -t Name=my_tag.\"" 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 2" [email protected] ; exit 64 fi ebs_selection_string="--filter tag:$tag" ;; *) echo "If you specify a selection_method (-s selection_method) for selecting EBS volumes you must select either \"volumeid\" (-s volumeid) or \"tag\" (-s tag)." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 3" [email protected] ; exit 64 ;; esac #creates a list of all ebs volumes that match the selection string from above ebs_backup_list_complete=`ec2-describe-volumes --show-empty-fields --region $region $ebs_selection_string 2>&1` #takes the output of the previous command ebs_backup_list_result=`echo $?` if [[ $ebs_backup_list_result -gt 0 ]] then echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-describe-volumes. The error returned is below:\n$ebs_backup_list_complete" 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 4" [email protected] ; exit 70 fi ebs_backup_list=`echo "$ebs_backup_list_complete" | grep ^VOLUME | cut -f 2` #code to right will output list of EBS volumes to be backed up: echo -e "Now outputting ebs_backup_list:\n$ebs_backup_list" } create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags() { #snapshot tags holds all tags that need to be applied to a given snapshot - by aggregating tags we ensure that ec2-create-tags is called only onece snapshot_tags="" #if $name_tag_create is true then append ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$date_current to the variable $snapshot_tags if $name_tag_create then ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2` snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag Name=ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$date_current" fi #if $purge_after_days is true, then append $purge_after_date to the variable $snapshot_tags if [[ -n $purge_after_days ]] then snapshot_tags="$snapshot_tags --tag PurgeAfter=$purge_after_date --tag PurgeAllow=true" fi #if $snapshot_tags is not zero length then set the tag on the snapshot using ec2-create-tags if [[ -n $snapshot_tags ]] then echo "Tagging Snapshot $ec2_snapshot_resource_id with the following Tags:" ec2-create-tags $ec2_snapshot_resource_id --region $region $snapshot_tags #echo "Snapshot tags successfully created" | mailx -s "Snapshot tags successfully created" [email protected] fi } date_command_get() { #finds full path to date binary date_binary_full_path=`which date` #command below is used to determine if date binary is gnu, macosx or other date_binary_file_result=`file -b $date_binary_full_path` case $date_binary_file_result in "Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64") date_binary="macosx" ;; "ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV)"*) date_binary="gnu" ;; *) date_binary="unknown" ;; esac #based on the installed date binary the case statement below will determine the method to use to determine "purge_after_days" in the future case $date_binary in gnu) date_command="date -d +${purge_after_days}days -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; macosx) date_command="date -v+${purge_after_days}d -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; unknown) date_command="date -d +${purge_after_days}days -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; *) date_command="date -d +${purge_after_days}days -u +%Y-%m-%d" ;; esac } purge_EBS_Snapshots() { #snapshot_tag_list is a string that contains all snapshots with either the key PurgeAllow or PurgeAfter set snapshot_tag_list=`ec2-describe-tags --show-empty-fields --region $region --filter resource-type=snapshot --filter key=PurgeAllow,PurgeAfter` #snapshot_purge_allowed is a list of all snapshot_ids with PurgeAllow=true snapshot_purge_allowed=`echo "$snapshot_tag_list" | grep .*PurgeAllow'\t'true | cut -f 3` for snapshot_id_evaluated in $snapshot_purge_allowed do #gets the "PurgeAfter" date which is in UTC with YYYY-MM-DD format (or %Y-%m-%d) purge_after_date=`echo "$snapshot_tag_list" | grep .*$snapshot_id_evaluated'\t'PurgeAfter.* | cut -f 5` #if purge_after_date is not set then we have a problem. Need to alter user. if [[ -z $purge_after_date ]] #Alerts user to the fact that a Snapshot was found with PurgeAllow=true but with no PurgeAfter date. then echo "A Snapshot with the Snapshot ID $snapshot_id_evaluated has the tag \"PurgeAllow=true\" but does not have a \"PurgeAfter=YYYY-MM-DD\" date. $app_name is unable to determine if $snapshot_id_evaluated should be purged." 1>&2 | mailx -s "Error happened 5" [email protected] else #convert both the date_current and purge_after_date into epoch time to allow for comparison date_current_epoch=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$date_current" "+%s"` purge_after_date_epoch=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$purge_after_date" "+%s"` #perform compparison - if $purge_after_date_epoch is a lower number than $date_current_epoch than the PurgeAfter date is earlier than the current date - and the snapshot can be safely removed if [[ $purge_after_date_epoch < $date_current_epoch ]] then echo "The snapshot \"$snapshot_id_evaluated\" with the Purge After date of $purge_after_date will be deleted." ec2-delete-snapshot --region $region $snapshot_id_evaluated echo "Old snapshots successfully deleted for $volumeid" | mailx -s "Old snapshots successfully deleted for $volumeid" [email protected] fi fi done } #calls prerequisitecheck function to ensure that all executables required for script execution are available prerequisite_check app_name=`basename $0` #sets defaults selection_method="volumeid" region="ap-southeast-1" #date_binary allows a user to set the "date" binary that is installed on their system and, therefore, the options that will be given to the date binary to perform date calculations date_binary="" #sets the "Name" tag set for a snapshot to false - using "Name" requires that ec2-create-tags be called in addition to ec2-create-snapshot name_tag_create=false #sets the Purge Snapshot feature to false - this feature will eventually allow the removal of snapshots that have a "PurgeAfter" tag that is earlier than current date purge_snapshots=false #handles options processing while getopts :s:r:v:t:k:pn opt do case $opt in s) selection_method="$OPTARG";; r) region="$OPTARG";; v) volumeid="$OPTARG";; t) tag="$OPTARG";; k) purge_after_days="$OPTARG";; n) name_tag_create=true;; p) purge_snapshots=true;; *) echo "Error with Options Input. Cause of failure is most likely that an unsupported parameter was passed or a parameter was passed without a corresponding option." 1>&2 ; exit 64;; esac done #sets date variable date_current=`date -u +%Y-%m-%d` #sets the PurgeAfter tag to the number of days that a snapshot should be retained if [[ -n $purge_after_days ]] then #if the date_binary is not set, call the date_command_get function if [[ -z $date_binary ]] then date_command_get fi purge_after_date=`$date_command` echo "Snapshots taken by $app_name will be eligible for purging after the following date: $purge_after_date." fi #get_EBS_List gets a list of EBS instances for which a snapshot is desired. The list of EBS instances depends upon the selection_method that is provided by user input get_EBS_List #the loop below is called once for each volume in $ebs_backup_list - the currently selected EBS volume is passed in as "ebs_selected" for ebs_selected in $ebs_backup_list do ec2_snapshot_description="ec2ab_${ebs_selected}_$date_current" ec2_create_snapshot_result=`ec2-create-snapshot --region $region -d $ec2_snapshot_description $ebs_selected 2>&1` if [[ $? != 0 ]] then echo -e "An error occured when running ec2-create-snapshot. The error returned is below:\n$ec2_create_snapshot_result" 1>&2 ; exit 70 else ec2_snapshot_resource_id=`echo "$ec2_create_snapshot_result" | cut -f 2` echo "Snapshots successfully created for volume $volumeid" | mailx -s "Snapshots successfully created for $volumeid" [email protected] fi create_EBS_Snapshot_Tags done #if purge_snapshots is true, then run purge_EBS_Snapshots function if $purge_snapshots then echo "Snapshot Purging is Starting Now." purge_EBS_Snapshots fi cron log Oct 23 10:24:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28214]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:24:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28215]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:25:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28228]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:25:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28229]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab2.log) Oct 23 10:26:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28239]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:27:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28247]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:27:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28248]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:28:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28263]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:29:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28275]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:30:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28292]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:30:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28293]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:30:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28294]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab2.log) Oct 23 10:31:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28312]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:32:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28319]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:33:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28325]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:33:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28324]: (root) CMD (root (ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3;)) Oct 23 10:34:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28345]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:35:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28362]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab.log;) Oct 23 10:35:01 ip-10-130-153-227 CROND[28363]: (root) CMD (date >> /root/logs/crontab2.log) Mails to root From [email protected] Tue Oct 23 06:00:01 2012 Return-Path: <[email protected]> Date: Tue, 23 Oct 2012 06:00:01 GMT From: [email protected] (Cron Daemon) To: [email protected] Subject: Cron <root@ip-10-130-153-227> root ec2-automate-backup.sh -v "vol-fb2fbcdf" -k 3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Auto-Submitted: auto-generated X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Status: R /bin/sh: root: command not found

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  • Chrome shows "The site's security certificate is not trusted" error

    - by Emerald214
    From this morning I get this error whenever I access Google Docs and some websites. My system datetime is correct and I checked "Automatically from the Internet". My BIOS is OK. I cleared everything (cache, cookie, private data) in Chrome and restarted OS but nothing changes. How to fix it? Firefox works but Chrome has that problem. The site's security certificate is not trusted! You attempted to reach docs.google.com, but the server presented a certificate issued by an entity that is not trusted by your computer's operating system. This may mean that the server has generated its own security credentials, which Google Chrome cannot rely on for identity information, or an attacker may be trying to intercept your communications. You cannot proceed because the website operator has requested heightened security for this domain.

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  • Removing expired certificates from LDS (new ver of ADAM)

    - by jonthebrewer
    Hi all. This is my situation: We are in the process of replacing a certificate store currently hosted on Sun's iPlanet with Microsoft's Lightweight Directory Services (new version of ADAM with Server 2008). These certificates have been imported into LDS into an application partition (say o=myorg, C=AU). Under this structure I have around 40,000 OU's each one representing a customer under each customers OU are one or more user (iNetOrg) objects (around 60,000 in all). In each user are one or more certificates in the UserCertificate attribute. A combination of in-house written application code and proprietory PKI code reads and publishes these certficates to validate financial transactions. As the LDAP path of the certificates is stored within the customer certificates (and within the application code) and there is zero appetite for changing any of the code, I have had to pick up the iPlanet directory as a whole and dump it in LDS in the same structure. (I will not be using or hosting a Microsoft CA, just implementing an LDAP compliant directory to host these certificates) We have fully tested the application using the data in LDS and everything works fine - here is my dilema and question (finally, phew!) There was no process put in place for removing revoked or expired certificates, consequently the vast majority of the data is completely useless, the system has been running for about 8 years! I have done a quick analysis and I estimate that at least 80% of the data is no longer valid. As I am taking on responsibility for managing the directory I would like to start with a clean directory. Does anyone have any idea how I can cleanup these expired certificates. I am not a highly experienced scripter but have some background in VB. I have been researching the use of CAPICOM and have a feeling this may be able to be used but in exactly what way I am not sure?? I would prefer to write a script that I could specify an expiration date (say any certs that expired prior to 2010) then run against the LDS paritition. This way I can reuse the script periodically to cleanup the directory (as mentioned above - I have no way to adjust the applications that are writing the certs, this is with a third party). Another, less attractive, alternative is to massage the LDIF file (2.7 million lines!) to rip the certs out prior to the import Any help and advice MUCH appreciated. Cheers Jon

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  • Remove expired PXE certificates from SCCM

    - by newmanth
    Our SCCM 2007 R2 environment, which runs in native mode, just had its PXE client certificates renewed. Now, the site server automatically blocks the old certificates, but it appears that there is no functionality to actually delete them. I know it doesn't really affect anything other than aesthetics, but as we've had a few renewals now, the certificate list is getting long and cluttered (and unlike my desk, I like to try to keep our servers neat and organized). Does anyone know of a way to remove the old certs?

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  • Unable to boot Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu

    - by Devendra
    I have Windows 7 on my machine and then installed Ubuntu 12.04 using a live CD. I can see both Windows 7 and Ubuntu in the grub menu, but when I select Windows 7 it shows a black screen for about 2 seconds and the returns to the Grub menu. But if I select Ubuntu it's working fine. This is the contents of the boot-repair log: Boot Info Script 0.61.full + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info November 20th 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for (,msdos6)/boot/grub. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Grub2 (v1.99-2.00) Boot sector info: Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the boot sector of sda1 and looks at sector 388911128 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for (,msdos6)/boot/grub. No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sda4: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda5 starts at sector 2048. Operating System: Boot files: sda6: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.10 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img sda7: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 206,848 146,802,687 146,595,840 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 147,007,488 293,623,807 146,616,320 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda3 293,623,808 332,820,613 39,196,806 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda4 332,822,526 1,465,145,343 1,132,322,818 f W95 Extended (LBA) /dev/sda5 461,342,720 1,465,145,343 1,003,802,624 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda6 332,822,528 453,171,199 120,348,672 83 Linux /dev/sda7 453,173,248 461,338,623 8,165,376 82 Linux swap / Solaris "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 F6AE2C13AE2BCB47 ntfs /dev/sda2 DC2273012272DFC6 ntfs /dev/sda3 1E76E43376E40D79 ntfs New Volume /dev/sda5 5ED60ACDD60AA57D ntfs /dev/sda6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 ext4 /dev/sda7 52f3dd94-6be7-4a7b-a3ae-f43eb8810483 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda6 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) =========================== sda6/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos6' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_IN insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos6' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-advanced-9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos6' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-recovery-9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos6' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos6' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos6' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-F6AE2C13AE2BCB47' { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 F6AE2C13AE2BCB47 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root F6AE2C13AE2BCB47 fi chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda6/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=52f3dd94-6be7-4a7b-a3ae-f43eb8810483 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda6: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 162.831275940 = 174.838751232 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 163.036647797 = 175.059267584 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic 1 206.871749878 = 222.126850048 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic 1 163.036647797 = 175.059267584 initrd.img 1 163.036647797 = 175.059267584 initrd.img.old 1 206.871749878 = 222.126850048 vmlinuz 1 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== cat: write error: Broken pipe cat: write error: Broken pipe ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-12-11__00h59 =================== boot-repair version : 3.195~ppa28~quantal boot-sav version : 3.195~ppa28~quantal glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa45~quantal boot-sav-extra version : 3.195~ppa28~quantal boot-repair is executed in installed-session (Ubuntu 12.10, quantal, Ubuntu, x86_64) CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 =================== os-prober: /dev/sda6:The OS now in use - Ubuntu 12.10 CurrentSession:linux /dev/sda1:Windows 7 (loader):Windows:chain =================== blkid: /dev/sda1: UUID="F6AE2C13AE2BCB47" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="DC2273012272DFC6" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda3: LABEL="New Volume" UUID="1E76E43376E40D79" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="5ED60ACDD60AA57D" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="9e70fd16-b48b-4f88-adcf-e443aef83124" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda7: UUID="52f3dd94-6be7-4a7b-a3ae-f43eb8810483" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 2 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 1 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. =================== /etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" =================== /etc/grub.d/ : drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 17 20:29 grub.d total 72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7541 Oct 14 23:06 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5488 Oct 4 15:00 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10891 Oct 14 23:06 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10258 Oct 14 23:06 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1688 Oct 11 19:40 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10976 Oct 14 23:06 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1426 Oct 14 23:06 30_uefi-firmware -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 14 23:06 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 Oct 14 23:06 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 14 23:06 README =================== UEFI/Legacy mode: This installed-session is not in EFI-mode. EFI in dmesg. Please report this message to [email protected] [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000bafe7000 0003E (v01 DELL QA09 00000002 PTL 00000002) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000bafe6000 00042 (v01 PTL COMBUF 00000001 PTL 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000bafe3000 00256 (v01 DELL QA09 00000002 PTL 00000002) SecureBoot disabled. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda6 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-pc , update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, fstab-without-boot, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, apt-get, grub-install, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, . sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, not-far, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1. sda2 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda2. sda3 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda3. sda5 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda5. sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== parted -l: Model: ATA WDC WD7500BPKT-7 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 106MB 75.2GB 75.1GB primary ntfs boot 2 75.3GB 150GB 75.1GB primary ntfs 3 150GB 170GB 20.1GB primary ntfs 4 170GB 750GB 580GB extended lba 6 170GB 232GB 61.6GB logical ext4 7 232GB 236GB 4181MB logical linux-swap(v1) 5 236GB 750GB 514GB logical ntfs =================== parted -lm: BYT; /dev/sda:750GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:ATA WDC WD7500BPKT-7; 1:106MB:75.2GB:75.1GB:ntfs::boot; 2:75.3GB:150GB:75.1GB:ntfs::; 3:150GB:170GB:20.1GB:ntfs::; 4:170GB:750GB:580GB:::lba; 6:170GB:232GB:61.6GB:ext4::; 7:232GB:236GB:4181MB:linux-swap(v1)::; 5:236GB:750GB:514GB:ntfs::; =================== mount: /dev/sda6 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/dev/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=dev) /dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) /dev/sda2 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda2 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) /dev/sda3 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) /dev/sda5 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda5 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) =================== ls: /sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /sys/block/sr0 (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev (filtered): alarm ashmem autofs binder block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom cdrw char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri dvd dvdrw ecryptfs fb0 fb1 fd full fuse hpet input kmsg kvm log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd sr0 stderr stdin stdout uinput urandom v4l vga_arbiter vhost-net video0 zero ls /dev/mapper: control =================== df -Th: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 ext4 57G 2.7G 51G 6% / udev devtmpfs 1.9G 12K 1.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 770M 892K 769M 1% /run none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 1.9G 260K 1.9G 1% /run/shm none tmpfs 100M 44K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 fuseblk 70G 36G 35G 51% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 /dev/sda2 fuseblk 70G 66G 4.8G 94% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2 /dev/sda3 fuseblk 19G 87M 19G 1% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 /dev/sda5 fuseblk 479G 436G 44G 92% /mnt/boot-sav/sda5 =================== fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1dc69d0b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 206848 146802687 73297920 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 147007488 293623807 73308160 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 293623808 332820613 19598403 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 332822526 1465145343 566161409 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 461342720 1465145343 501901312 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 332822528 453171199 60174336 83 Linux /dev/sda7 453173248 461338623 4082688 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order =================== Recommended repair Recommended-Repair This setting will reinstall the grub2 of sda6 into the MBR of sda. Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s grub-install (GRUB) 2.00-7ubuntu11,grub-install (GRUB) 2. Reinstall the GRUB of sda6 into the MBR of sda Installation finished. No error reported. grub-install /dev/sda: exit code of grub-install /dev/sda:0 update-grub Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1 Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda6/boot/grub/grub.cfg Boot successfully repaired. You can now reboot your computer. The boot files of [The OS now in use - Ubuntu 12.10] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)

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