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  • linux automatic change permissions in resolv.file

    - by rikr
    In various linux servers I see how the permissions of the /etc/resolv.conf file change automatically. In state normal: -r--r--r-- 1 root root 103 Jul 4 11:50 resolv.conf In changed state: -r--r----- 1 root root 103 Jul 4 11:50 resolv.conf I installed auditd for monitoring it, and these are the two entries between the change: type=PATH msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:20:02.719:303) : item=0 name=/etc/resolv.conf inode=137102 dev=fe:00 mode=file,644 ouid=root ogid=root rdev=00:00 type=CWD msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:20:02.719:303) : cwd=/ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:20:02.719:303) : arch=x86_64 syscall=open success=yes exit=3 a0=7feeb1405dec a1=0 a2=1b6 a3=0 items=1 ppid=1585 pid=3445 auid=unset uid=root gid=root euid=root suid=root fsuid=root egid=root sgid=root fsgid=root tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm=hostid exe=/usr/bin/hostid key=(null) type=PATH msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:50:03.727:304) : item=0 name=/etc/resolv.conf inode=137102 dev=fe:00 mode=file,440 ouid=root ogid=root rdev=00:00 type=CWD msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:50:03.727:304) : cwd=/ type=SYSCALL msg=audit(07/04/2012 12:50:03.727:304) : arch=x86_64 syscall=open success=yes exit=3 a0=7f2bcf7abdec a1=0 a2=1b6 a3=0 items=1 ppid=1585 pid=3610 auid=unset uid=root gid=root euid=root suid=root fsuid=root egid=root sgid=root fsgid=root tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm=hostid exe=/usr/bin/hostid key=(null) any ideas?

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  • Wildcard SSL certificates, EV

    - by nachito
    I run a Magento e-commerce store with multiple subdomains for an affiliate program, plus a main store. Example, foo.example.com and bar.example.com are affiliates, www.example.com is my main store. They all share the same code and database and the same virtual host. Currently I have a wildcard certificate which works fine for everything. However, I was looking at EV certificates to increase customer confidence (which is not possible with wildcard certificates -- or so I'm told). What would be the simplest setup to have both an EV SSL Cert for the main store and a wildcard for the affiliate subdomains? Two virtual hosts? By the way, I'm running Litespeed as a webserver.

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  • XCA: sign IPsec certificates with own CA

    - by sbrattla
    I'm trying to establish a LAN to LAN connection through a VPN tunnel. There's a Zywall at the remote office which will be responsible for establishing a connection to a Draytek at the main office. I'm able to establish the connection if I use shared keys, but I'd like to use certificates instead. I've downloaded the XCA application for Ubuntu which allows me to first create a CA certificate, and then sign "certificate signing reqests" using this CA. However, I'm uncertain if I am doing things right. More specifically<, which basic keys/extended keys should the CA certificate and the certificates themselves have? Right now I just skip selecting any keys at all, but is that right? All hints and help appreciated!

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  • What are the benefits of using conforming certificates?

    - by zneak
    Recently, my web host started sending my mail client a self-signed root certificate with no field filled (everything says "Unknown") when connecting via SSL. I'm pretty sure this is not a good thing, but since it works, the tech support guy says it's fine. I'm not a certificate guru, so I'm turning to you people. What purpose do certificates serve? Is it really okay that the certificate has every field set to "Unknown"? I don't check certificates often, but I don't recall ever being sent a root one; what's the difference between a root certificate and, err, the other kind of certificate?

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  • SSL certificates with password encrypted key at hosting provider

    - by Jurian Sluiman
    We are a software company and offer hosting to our clients. We have a VPS at a large Dutch datacenter. For some of the applications, we need an SSL certificate which we'd like to encrypt with a password protected keyfile. Our VPS reboots now and then because of updates whatsoever, but that means our apache doesn't start right away because the passwords are needed. This results in downtime and is of course a real big problem. We can give the passwords to our VPS datacenter, or create certificates based on keyfiles without passwords. Both solutions seem not the best one, because they compromise the security of our certificates. What's the best solution for this issue?

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  • SSL Certificates, two-way authentication and loadbalancers

    - by 5arx
    We're looking to implement two-way authentication with client certificates for a privileged subset of our application users. The idea will be that if a certificate is detected the user will be asked for an additional password/PIN and that will be used to verify the certificate and user. Ordinary users will continue to authenticate themselves via the standard login mechanism. Our production environment (hosted by a well-known company) comprises load-balanced application servers and I'm unclear as to how this set-up will handle the certificates and I'm not certain if there are any pitfalls I should be aware of. I would very appreciate some thoughts, comments or real-world advice on the subject.

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  • Client-side certificates

    - by walshms
    My company purchased a wildcard certificate from a vendor. This certificate was successfully configured with Apache 2.2 to secure a subdomain. Everything on the SSL side works. Now I'm required to generate x509 client-side certificates to issue for this subdomain. I'm following along this page: (http://www.vanemery.com/Linux/Apache/apache-SSL.html), starting with "Creating Client Certificates for Authentication". I've generated the p12 files and successfully imported them into Firefox. When I browse to the site now, I get an error in FireFox that says "The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading." I think my problem is coming from not signing the client-side correctly. When I sign the client-side certificate, I'm using the PEM file (RapidSSL_CA_bundle.pem) from RapidSSL (who we bought the certificate from) for the -CA argument. For the -CAkey argument, I'm using the private key of the server. Is this correct?

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  • Certificates compartments (certmgr.msc)?

    - by Royi Namir
    After reading a while , Im trying to understand what kind of certificates will be found at : Personal Other People Trusted Root Certicfiation Authorities will personal will contains only private keys ? I'm a bit confused. What about certificates which arent trusted and I manually trust them , where will they be ? Also , Why do I only have the CurrentUser Tab in my computer ? where is the local computer tab ? here is a picture from the internet. I only have the "current user" Node.... Thanks.

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  • Ubuntu, User Accounts messed up

    - by Vor
    I need to fix Ubuntu Accounts some how but don't really see how it could be done. The problem is: files /etc/passwd and /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts where changed. /etc/passwd After John:x:1000:1000:John,,,:/home/serg:/bin/bash Befoure serg:x:1000:1000:John,,,:/home/serg:/bin/bash /etc/hosts After 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 John-The-Rippe Befoure 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 serg-Protege /etc/hostname After John-The-Ripper Befoure serg-PORTEGE-Z835 I was trying to simply changed this files but can not do this because permission denied. When I'm trying to login as a root I got this message: John@John-The-Ripper:~$ sudo -s [sudo] password for John: John is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported The file sudoers is empty: John@John-The-Ripper:~$ vi /etc/sudoers When I type users in cp: John@John-The-Ripper:~$ users John John When I type id, I got this: John@John-The-Ripper:~$ id uid=1000(John) gid=1000(serg) groups=1000(serg) This doesn't work eather: John@John-The-Ripper:~$ usermod -l John serg usermod: user 'serg' does not exist John@John-The-Ripper:~$ adduser serg adduser: Only root may add a user or group to the system. ater. Then I tried to go to the GRUB menu and from there log in as a root. I did this, but however When I tryed to create user serg, It gave me an error that group already exist. When I tried to change /etc/passwd it said 'permission denied' And this doens't do the trick: John@John-The-Ripper:~$ visudo visudo: /etc/sudoers: Permission denied visudo: /etc/sudoers: Permission denied Also The last thing I tried to do is to create a bootable USB and reinstall ubuntu, however I can not open USB-Creator because it asked me a root passwd. But it doesn't work. HELP ME PLEASE =)))

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  • How to get rid of grub menu after boot?

    - by umpirsky
    Here is my /etc/default/grub: # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" I tried various things including: How do I hide the GRUB menu showing up in the beginning of boot? How to disable Grub's menu from showing up after failed boot http://www.itworld.com/software/306238/disable-grub-boot-menu-ubuntu-1210 But I still get grub menu each time I boot. My generated /boot/grub/grub.cfg: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=hidden set timeout=0 # Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 45,51,53; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { menuentry 'Ubuntu (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed-root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed-root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' { fwsetup } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • Removing 301 redirect from site root

    - by Jon Clements
    I'm having a look at a friends website (a fairly old PHP based one) which they've been advised needs re-structuring. The key points being: URLs should be lower case and more "friendly". The root of the domain should be not be re-directed. The first point I'm happy with (and the URLs needed tidying up anyway) and have a draft plan of action, however the second is baffling me as to not only the best way to do it, but also whether it should be done. Currently http://www.example.com/ is redirected to http://www.example.com/some-link-with-keywords/ using the follow index.php in the root of the Apache2 instance. <?php $nextpage = "some-link-with-keywords/"; header( "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently" ); header( "Status: 301 Moved Permanently" ); header("Location: $nextpage"); exit(0); // This is Optional but suggested, to avoid any accidental output ?> As far as I'm aware, this has been the case for around three years -- and I'm sorely tempted to advise to not worry about it. It would appear taking off the 301 could: Potentially affect page ranking (as the 'homepage' would disappear - although it couldn't disappear because of the next point...) Introduce maintainance issues as existing users would still have the re-directed page in their cache Following the above, introduce duplicate content Confuse Google/other SE's as to what the homepage actually is now I may be over-analysing this but I have a feeling it's not as simple as removing the 301 from the root, and 301'ing the previous target to the root... Any suggestions (including it's not worth it) are sincerely appreciated.

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  • ubuntu 10.04: boot error for custom compiled kernel - gave up wating for root device

    - by atharva
    Hi, I have installed lucid on my Lenevo Laptop (Y 410 series , x86 platoform) and it is working fine. Now I have compiled kernel 2.6.37 from the downloaded from the kernel tree. I followed usual procedure of compileing kernel (make menuconfig,make. make modules etc). Then I created the initrd image using mkinitramfs and updated my grub using upadate grub command. Update-grub detects the initrd image of the compiled kernel. However when I boot from this kernel it gives me following error: Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems: -Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) -Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?) -Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) -Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! root=UUID=/... does not exist and then it falls onto initramfs prompt. I have tried following solutions discussed in different ubuntu forums: 1. disable uuid and point root=/dev/sda8 (sda8 is where my kernele image resides (both default kernel and compiled one) from /etc/default/grub 2. compile kernel using CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y suggested here Still I am unable to boot from the compile kernel. Could someone please suggest me the solution ?

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  • Ubuntu 10.04: boot error for custom compiled kernel - gave up waiting for root device

    - by atharva
    I have installed lucid on my Lenevo Laptop (Y 410 series , x86 platform) and it is working fine. Now I have compiled kernel 2.6.37 downloaded from the kernel tree. I followed usual procedure of compiling kernel (make menuconfig, make, make modules etc). Then I created the initrd image using mkinitramfs and updated my grub using update-grub command. update-grub detects the initrd image of the compiled kernel. However when I boot from this kernel it gives me following error: Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems: -Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) -Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?) -Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) -Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! root=UUID=/... does not exist and then it falls onto initramfs prompt. I have tried following solutions discussed in different Ubuntu forums: disable uuid and point root=/dev/sda8 (sda8 is where my kernel image resides (both default kernel and compiled one) from /etc/default/grub compile kernel using CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y suggested here Still I am unable to boot from the compile kernel. Could someone please suggest me the solution?

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  • Rsyslog is not working properly, it does not log anything

    - by Victor Henriquez
    I'm running a Debian server and a couple of days ago my rsyslog started to behave very weird, the daemon is running but it doesn't seem to do anything. Many people use the system but I'm the only one with (legal) root access. I'm using the default rsyslogd configuration (if you think is relevant I'll attach it, but it's the one that comes with the package). After I rotated all the log files, they have remained empty: # ls -l /var/log/*.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 27 00:25 /var/log/alternatives.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/auth.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/daemon.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 27 00:25 /var/log/dpkg.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/kern.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/lpr.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/mail.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/user.log Any try to force a log writing does not have any effect: # logger hey # ls -l /var/log/messages -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/messages Lsof shows that rsyslogd does not have any log files opened: # lsof -p 1855 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rsyslogd 1855 root cwd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 1855 root rtd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 1855 root txt REG 202,0 342076 21649 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 38556 32153 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_nis-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 79728 32165 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnsl-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 26456 32163 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_compat-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 297500 1061058 /usr/lib/rsyslog/imuxsock.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 42628 32170 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_files-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 22784 1061106 /usr/lib/rsyslog/imklog.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 1401000 32169 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libc-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 30684 32175 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/librt-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 9844 32157 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libdl-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 117009 32154 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libpthread-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 79980 17746 /usr/lib/libz.so.1.2.3.4 rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 18836 1061094 /usr/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 117960 31845 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root 0u unix 0xebe8e800 0t0 640 /dev/log rsyslogd 1855 root 3u FIFO 0,5 0t0 2474 /dev/xconsole rsyslogd 1855 root 4u unix 0xebe8e400 0t0 645 /var/spool/postfix/dev/log rsyslogd 1855 root 5r REG 0,3 0 4026532176 /proc/kmsg I was so frustrated that even reinstall the rsyslog package, but it still refuses to log anything: # apt-get remove --purge rsyslog # apt-get install rsyslog I thought someone had hacked the system, so run rkhunter, chkrootkit, unhide in an attempt to find hide processes / ports and nmap in a remote host to compare with the ports shown by netstat. And I know this doesn't mean anything, but all looks ok. The system also have an iptables firewall that is very restrictive with incoming / outgoing connections. This is driving me crazy, any idea what is going on here? [EDIT - disk space info] # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 24G 22G 629M 98% / /dev/root 24G 22G 629M 98% / devtmpfs 10M 112K 9.9M 2% /dev tmpfs 76M 48K 76M 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 151M 40K 151M 1% /tmp tmpfs 151M 0 151M 0% /run/shm

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  • Import Java Trusted Certificate to JRE

    - by Zalastax
    I need to install a certificate from a Java app to a lot of people. I want to use a one click program or batch file to import it as a Trusted Certificate(in Control Panel-Security-Certificate). Then they won't need to press always allow first time they use the application. I have extracted the needed certificate as both a .csr and as a .cer (the .csr via Control Panel and the .cer via keytool). Now I need to get one of them back without any clicking in menus. I don't really understand the documentation of importing .cer with keytool and would like an example. Or are there an easier way than using keytool?

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  • sql user not associated with a trusted connection

    - by homestead
    just setup a new server with sql server express 2005. (want to connect remotely) I set logins both windows and sql I modified so both local and remote connections are allowed I restarted the server windows firewall is not connected. (have an external firewall with a hole at port 1443) user account is active, no password policy or forcing to change on next login etc. If I even try to connect using this username locally on the server using 'file | connect to object explorer' I get the same message that the user is not associated to a trusted connection.

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  • Error when running binary with root setuid under encrypted home directory

    - by carestad
    I'm using a VPN script for Juniper's Secure Access protocol form here, which executes a binary located under ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect/ncsvc with the following permissions: -rws--s--x 1 root root 1225424 okt. 25 13:54 ncsvc But when I do, I get the following error: ncsvc> Failed to setuid to root. Error 1: Operation not permitted Moving/copying the ~/.juniper_networks folder to e.g. /opt/juniper (with the same owner permissions), I don't get the error. In the forum thread at Ubuntuforums someone pointed out that it's probably because I have encrypted my /home and thus a "problem" with ecryptfs. How can I fix this?

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  • No root file system - Alternate CD + LVM

    - by Carlos
    I am trying to install 11.10 as dual boot with Windows 7. I have all partitioned well as you can see here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/42897978@N00/7111180385/ I burned the Alternate CD ISO to a CD. Boot from it and followed instructions to Partitioning. There, I configured the LVM partitions as follows: Volume Group ubuntu-vg - Uses Physical Volume /dev/sda7 380GB - Provides Logical Volume home-lv 60GB - Provides Logical Volume root-lv 60GB - Provides Logical Volume swap-lv 6GB That is all I want (note that my /boot is outside of LVM) Then when I say that all is Ok and to write it to disk and continue with the installation, I get the following error. !! Partition Disks No root file system No root file system is defined Please correct this from the partitioning menu. What should I fix and how? I tried issuing the "Revert changes to partitions", but nothing happens. It seems that the LVM configuration has already been written to the CD. HELP!!

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  • SEO for site with 301 redirect on root domain to subfolder

    - by Kim
    I've been asked to do SEO for a site. The site is made using Wordpress and prestashop. Because of this the root domain has a 301 redirect to a subfolder - domain/shop/ For my SEO submission work, I know it's not good practice to submit urls that have redirects on them and a lot of the time it's not allowed. After searching the net I think my best bet is to do all my site submissions using the url - domain/shop/ even though it will take a lot more listings to get them up in ranking compared to using their root domain. I'm not sure how it will work. The root domain has the greatest rank then passes rank to the rest of the site. If I'm targeting the subfolder will it work?

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  • Software installed on root partition or on home partition

    - by Tim
    I am planning to install some big softwares such as Matlab (4GB), Mathematica (4GB) on my Ubuntu partitions. I was wondering if I installed them on my home partition, when I reinstall Ubuntu without touching the home partition, will the softwares still be runnable after reinstallation? what are the advantage and disadvantages of installing softwares on root partition and of on home partition? with your answer to the previous questions, what are some reasonable plans for the sizes of root partition and of home partition? Note that I would like to learn programming in C, C++, Java, Python, Lisp, databases under both Ubuntu and Windows, and no games. My laptop has around 230 GB, where I plan to install both Windows and Ubuntu, and reserve 40 GB for Ubuntu (three partitions: swap, root and home), 110 GB for NTFS partition shared between the two OSes, 70 GB for Windows OS partition, and 10 GB that can be added to any of the above partitions. I will change my plan according to your suggestions. Thanks and regards!

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  • Revert permission of /usr back to root

    - by Rodrigo Sasaki
    I was doing some alterations but in one I messed up. I changed the permissions of almost everything inside the /usr folder to my own user. It didn't change everything because it failed in the middle of the execution, I still have /sbin, /share and /src assigned to root. the command I ran was this (this was executed while inside /usr): sudo chown -R myuser:myuser . Is there any way for me to revert this? If I run: sudo chown -R root:root . I get this error: sudo: /usr/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set

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  • Samba network sharing NTFS drives and root permissions from local drives

    - by Bill
    I'm able to share my internal 2ndry NTFS drives (sdb1,2 and 3) on the network with Windows computers now but even though Samba read/write is enabled, Windows network computers can only open files "read-only" and can't save files to the samba shared drives/folders. I try to set permissions in Ubuntu via folder and/or file properties even logged in root via Nautilus but all the samba shared folders and files are set as owner = root, accessible and does not allow me to change them to read/write, it just resets to root, accessible, in other words, I can't change permissions. I'm running Ubuntu 11.04 Gnome on an old Dell Dimension 2400. Also, in order to for me to copy or move any files from the Ubuntu drive to the sdb1,2 or 3 drives, I have to gksu nautilus. This consequently prevents me from copying .ISO files to my "Multisys" thumb drive too.

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  • Setting TeX Live path for root

    - by N.N.
    I have installed TeX Live 2011 vanilla and I have trouble setting the TeX Live path for root (in Ubuntu 11.10). The problem is that when I run sudo tlmgr I get: sudo: tlmgr: command not found To fix the path for non-root it was sufficient to add PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH to /etc/profile. I have tried adding this same line to /root/.bashrc and I have also tried to add it to /etc/profile.d/zzz-texlive.sh like Herbert suggest in http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/26624/tlmgr-inaccessible/26626#26626 but it does not help.

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  • How to add another OS entry in Wubi grub

    - by Amey Jah
    I am trying to install another linux distro besides ubuntu. However, I want to retain my existing windows based loader. Currently, as per my knowledge, MsDos loads grub which then loads Ubuntu (with loop back trick). Now, I have a new linux distro installed on /dev/sda8 (/boot for new distro) where as /root for that OS is installed on /dev/sda9. I tried following steps 1. Add entry into 40_custom of ubuntu grub 2. update grub But upon booting via that entry, it is not able to load the new OS and shows me blank screen. What could be the problem? Additional data: grub.cfg file of ubuntu menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos5' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 01CD7BB998DB0870 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 01CD7BB998DB0870 fi loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=01CD7BB998DB0870 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-advanced-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos5' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 01CD7BB998DB0870 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 01CD7BB998DB0870 fi loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=01CD7BB998DB0870 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-recovery-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { insmod gzio insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos5' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 01CD7BB998DB0870 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 01CD7BB998DB0870 fi loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=01CD7BB998DB0870 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_lupin ### menuentry 'Linux, with Linux core repo kernel' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-core repo kernel-true-0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641'{ load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos8' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos8 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos8 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos8 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 fi echo 'Loading Linux core repo kernel ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 ro quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img } menuentry 'Linux, with Linux core repo kernel (Fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-core repo kernel-fallback-0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641' { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos8' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos8 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos8 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos8 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 fi echo 'Loading Linux core repo kernel ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 ro quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img } lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 39.2M 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 19.8G 0 part +-sda3 8:3 0 205.1G 0 part +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 333.7G 0 part /host +-sda6 8:6 0 233.4G 0 part +-sda7 8:7 0 100.4G 0 part +-sda8 8:8 0 100M 0 part +-sda9 8:9 0 14.7G 0 part +-sda10 8:10 0 21.4G 0 part +-sda11 8:11 0 3G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom loop0 7:0 0 29G 0 loop / blkid /dev/loop0: UUID="fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="DellUtility" UUID="5450-4444" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda2: LABEL="RECOVERY" UUID="78C4FAC1C4FA80A4" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda3: LABEL="OS" UUID="DACEFCF1CEFCC6B3" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="01CD7BB998DB0870" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="01CD7BB99CA3F750" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda7: LABEL="Windows 8" UUID="01CDBFB52F925F40" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda8: UUID="cdbb5770-d29c-401d-850d-ee30a048ca5e" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda9: UUID="0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda10: UUID="2e7682e5-8917-4edc-9bf9-044fea2ad738" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda11: UUID="6081da70-d622-42b9-b489-309f922b284e" TYPE="swap Any help is appreciated. Please let me know if you need any extra data.

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