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• array of pointers

  - by tushar

  char *a[]={"diamonds","clubs","spades","hearts"}; char **p[]={a+3,a+2,a+1,a}; char ***ptr=p; cout<<*ptr[2][2]; why does it display h and please explain how is the 2d array of ptr implementing and its elements

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• UTF-8 to Unicode conversion

  - by sandeep

  Hi, I am having problems with converting UTF-8 to Unicode. Below is the code: int charset_convert( char * string, char * to_string,char* charset_from, char* charset_to) { char *from_buf, *to_buf, *pointer; size_t inbytesleft, outbytesleft, ret; size_t TotalLen; iconv_t cd; if (!charset_from || !charset_to || !string) /* sanity check */ return -1; if (strlen(string) < 1) return 0; /* we are done, nothing to convert */ cd = iconv_open(charset_to, charset_from); /* Did I succeed in getting a conversion descriptor ? */ if (cd == (iconv_t)(-1)) { /* I guess not */ printf("Failed to convert string from %s to %s ", charset_from, charset_to); return -1; } from_buf = string; inbytesleft = strlen(string); /* allocate max sized buffer, assuming target encoding may be 4 byte unicode */ outbytesleft = inbytesleft *4 ; pointer = to_buf = (char *)malloc(outbytesleft); memset(to_buf,0,outbytesleft); memset(pointer,0,outbytesleft); ret = iconv(cd, &from_buf, &inbytesleft, &pointer, &outbytesleft);ing memcpy(to_string,to_buf,(pointer-to_buf); } main(): int main() { char UTF []= {'A', 'B'}; char Unicode[1024]= {0}; char* ptr; int x=0; iconv_t cd; charset_convert(UTF,Unicode,"UTF-8","UNICODE"); ptr = Unicode; while(*ptr != '\0') { printf("Unicode %x \n",*ptr); ptr++; } return 0; } It should give A and B but i am getting: ffffffff fffffffe 41 Thanks, Sandeep

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• When does printf("%s", char*) stop printing?

  - by remagen

  In my class we are writing our own copy of C's malloc() function. To test my code (which can currently allocate space fine) I was using: char* ptr = my_malloc(6*sizeof(char)); memcpy(ptr, "Hello\n", 6*sizeof(char)); printf("%s", ptr); The output would typically be this: Hello Unprintable character Some debugging figured that my code wasn't causing this per say, as ptr's memory is as follows: [24 bytes of meta info][Number of requested bytes][Padding] So I figured that printf was reaching into the padding, which is just garbage. So I ran a test of: printf("%s", "test\nd"); and got: test d Which makes me wonder, when DOES printf("%s", char*) stop printing chars?

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• Accessing structure elements using pointers

  - by Arun Nadesh

  Hi Everybody, Greetings! I got surprised when the following program did not crash. typedef struct _x{ int a; char b; int c; }x; main() { x *ptr=0; char *d=&ptr->b; } As per my understanding the -> operator has higher precedence over & operator. So I expected the program to crash at the below statement when we try to dereference the NULL pointer tr. char *d=&ptr->b; But the statement &ptr->b evaluates to a valid address. Could somebody please explain where I'm wrong? Thanks & Regards, Arun

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• Compiled Haskell libraries with FFI imports are invalid when imported into GHCI

  - by John Millikin

  I am using GHC 6.12.1, in Ubuntu 10.04 When I try to use the FFI syntax for static storage, only modules running in interpreted mode (ie GHCI) work properly. Compiled modules have invalid pointers, and do not work. I'd like to know whether anybody can reproduce the problem, whether this an error in my code or GHC, and (if the latter) whether it's a known issue. I'm using sys_siglist because it's present in a standard library on my system, but I don't believe the actual storage used matters (I discovered this while writing a binding to libidn). If it helps, sys_siglist is defined in <signal.h> as: extern __const char *__const sys_siglist[_NSIG]; I thought this type might be the problem, so I also tried wrapping it in a plain C procedure: #include<stdio.h> const char **test_ffi_import() { printf("C think sys_siglist = %X\n", sys_siglist); return sys_siglist; } However, importing that doesn't change the result, and the printf() call prints the same pointer value as show siglist_a. My suspicion is that it's something to do with static and dynamic library loading. Update: somebody in #haskell suggested this might be 64-bit specific; if anybody tries to reproduce it, can you mention your architecture and whether it worked in a comment? Code as follows: -- A.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module A where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_a :: Ptr CString -- -- B.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module B where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_b :: Ptr CString -- -- Main.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module Main where import Foreign import Foreign.C import A import B foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_main :: Ptr CString main = do putStrLn $ "siglist_a = " ++ show siglist_a putStrLn $ "siglist_b = " ++ show siglist_b putStrLn $ "siglist_main = " ++ show siglist_main peekSiglist "a " siglist_a peekSiglist "b " siglist_b peekSiglist "main" siglist_main peekSiglist name siglist = do ptr <- peekElemOff siglist 2 str <- maybePeek peekCString ptr putStrLn $ "siglist_" ++ name ++ "[2] = " ++ show str I would expect something like this output, where all pointer values identical and valid: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_b = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_main = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_a [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt" However, if I compile A.hs (with ghc -c A.hs), then the output changes to: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x0000000040378918 siglist_b = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_main = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_a [2] = Nothing siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt"

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• Why no switch on pointers?

  - by meeselet

  For instance: #include <stdio.h> void why_cant_we_switch_him(void *ptr) { switch (ptr) { case NULL: printf("NULL!\n"); break; default: printf("%p!\n", ptr); break; } } int main(void) { void *foo = "toast"; why_cant_we_switch_him(foo); return 0; } gcc test.c -o test test.c: In function 'why_cant_we_switch_him': test.c:5: error: switch quantity not an integer test.c:6: error: pointers are not permitted as case values Just curious. Is this a technical limitation? EDIT People seem to think there is only one constant pointer expression. Is that is really true, though? For instance, here is a common paradigm in Objective-C (it is really only C aside from NSString, id and nil, which are merely a pointers, so it is still relevant — I just wanted to point out that there is, in fact, a common use for it, despite this being only a technical question): #include <stdio.h> #include <Foundation/Foundation.h> static NSString * const kMyConstantObject = @"Foo"; void why_cant_we_switch_him(id ptr) { switch (ptr) { case kMyConstantObject: // (Note that we are comparing pointers, not string values.) printf("We found him!\n"); break; case nil: printf("He appears to be nil (or NULL, whichever you prefer).\n"); break; default: printf("%p!\n", ptr); break; } } int main(void) { NSString *foo = @"toast"; why_cant_we_switch_him(foo); foo = kMyConstantObject; why_cant_we_switch_him(foo); return 0; } gcc test.c -o test -framework Foundation test.c: In function 'why_cant_we_switch_him': test.c:5: error: switch quantity not an integer test.c:6: error: pointers are not permitted as case values It appears that the reason is that switch only allows integral values (as the compiler warning said). So I suppose a better question would be to ask why this is the case? (though it is probably too late now.)

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• Why do compiled Haskell libraries see invalid static FFI storage?

  - by John Millikin

  I am using GHC 6.12.1, in Ubuntu 10.04 When I try to use the FFI syntax for static storage, only modules running in interpreted mode (ie GHCI) work properly. Compiled modules have invalid pointers, and do not work. I'd like to know whether anybody can reproduce the problem, whether this an error in my code or GHC, and (if the latter) whether it's a known issue. Given the following three modules: -- A.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module A where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_a :: Ptr CString -- -- B.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module B where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_b :: Ptr CString -- -- Main.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module Main where import Foreign import Foreign.C import A import B foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_main :: Ptr CString main = do putStrLn $ "siglist_a = " ++ show siglist_a putStrLn $ "siglist_b = " ++ show siglist_b putStrLn $ "siglist_main = " ++ show siglist_main peekSiglist "a " siglist_a peekSiglist "b " siglist_b peekSiglist "main" siglist_main peekSiglist name siglist = do ptr <- peekElemOff siglist 2 str <- maybePeek peekCString ptr putStrLn $ "siglist_" ++ name ++ "[2] = " ++ show str I would expect something like this output, where all pointer values identical and valid: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_b = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_main = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_a [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt" However, if I compile A.hs (with ghc -c A.hs), then the output changes to: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x0000000040378918 siglist_b = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_main = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_a [2] = Nothing siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt"

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• template specialization of a auto_ptr<T>

  - by Chris Kaminski

  Maybe I'm overcomplicating things, but then again, I do sort of like clean interfaces. Let's say I want a specialization of auto_ptr for an fstream - I want a default fstream for the generic case, but allow a replacement pointer? tempate <> class auto_ptr<fstream> static fstream myfStream; fstream* ptr; public: auto_ptr() { // set ptr to &myfStream; } reset(fstream* newPtr) { // free old ptr if not the static one. ptr = newPtr }; } Would you consider something different or more elegant? And how would you keep something like the above from propagating outside this particular compilation unit? [The actual template is a boost::scoped_ptr.] EDIT: It's a contrived example. Ignore the fstream - it's about providing a default instance of object for an auto_ptr. I may not want to provide a specialized instance, but would like to keep the auto_ptr semantics for this static default object. class UserClass { public: auto_ptr<fstream> ptr; UserClass() { } } I may not provide an dynamic object at construction time - I still want it to have a meaningful default. Since I'm not looking at ownership-transfer semantics, it really shouldn't matter that my pointer class is pointing to a statically allocated object, no?

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• C++ converting binary(P5) image to ascii(P2) image (.pgm)

  - by tubby

  I am writing a simple program to convert grayscale binary (P5) to grayscale ascii (P2) but am having trouble reading in the binary and converting it to int. #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <sstream> using namespace::std; int usage(char* arg) { // exit program cout << arg << ": Error" << endl; return -1; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int rows, cols, size, greylevels; string filetype; // open stream in binary mode ifstream istr(argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary); if(istr.fail()) return usage(argv[1]); // parse header istr >> filetype >> rows >> cols >> greylevels; size = rows * cols; // check data cout << "filetype: " << filetype << endl; cout << "rows: " << rows << endl; cout << "cols: " << cols << endl; cout << "greylevels: " << greylevels << endl; cout << "size: " << size << endl; // parse data values int* data = new int[size]; int fail_tracker = 0; // find which pixel failing on for(int* ptr = data; ptr < data+size; ptr++) { char t_ch; // read in binary char istr.read(&t_ch, sizeof(char)); // convert to integer int t_data = static_cast<int>(t_ch); // check if legal pixel if(t_data < 0 || t_data > greylevels) { cout << "Failed on pixel: " << fail_tracker << endl; cout << "Pixel value: " << t_data << endl; return usage(argv[1]); } // if passes add value to data array *ptr = t_data; fail_tracker++; } // close the stream istr.close(); // write a new P2 binary ascii image ofstream ostr("greyscale_ascii_version.pgm"); // write header ostr << "P2 " << rows << cols << greylevels << endl; // write data int line_ctr = 0; for(int* ptr = data; ptr < data+size; ptr++) { // print pixel value ostr << *ptr << " "; // endl every ~20 pixels for some readability if(++line_ctr % 20 == 0) ostr << endl; } ostr.close(); // clean up delete [] data; return 0; } sample image - Pulled this from an old post. Removed the comment within the image file as I am not worried about this functionality now. When compiled with g++ I get output: $> ./a.out a.pgm filetype: P5 rows: 1024 cols: 768 greylevels: 255 size: 786432 Failed on pixel: 1 Pixel value: -110 a.pgm: Error The image is a little duck and there's no way the pixel value can be -110...where am I going wrong? Thanks.

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• c++-to-python swig caused memory leak! Related to Py_BuildValue and SWIG_NewPointerObj

  - by usfree74

  Hey gurus, I have the following Swig code that caused memory leak. PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer return Py_BuildValue( "(fO)", match, SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 0 /* own */)); } I figured that ptr is not freed properly. So I did the following: PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer *PyObject *o = SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 1 /* own */);* <------- 1 means pass the ownership to python PyObject *result = Py_BuildValue("(fO)", match, o); Py_XDECREF(o); return result; } But I am not very sure whether this will cause memory corruption. Here, Py_XDECREF(o) will decrease the ref count, which can free memory used by object "o". But o is part of the return value "result". Freeing "o" can cause data corrupt, I guess? I tried my change. It works fine and the caller (python code) does see the expected data. But this could be because nobody else overwrites to that memory area. So what's the right way to deal with memory management of the above code? I search the swig docs, but don't see very concrete description. Please help! Thanks, xin

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• Dangling pointer

  - by viswanathan

  Does this piece of code lead to dangling pointer. My guess is no. class Sample { public: int *ptr; Sample(int i) { ptr = new int(i); } ~Sample() { delete ptr; } void PrintVal() { cout << "The value is " << *ptr; } }; void SomeFunc(Sample x) { cout << "Say i am in someFunc " << endl; } int main() { Sample s1 = 10; SomeFunc(s1); s1.PrintVal(); }

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• How to access class member from bison action

  - by yodhevauhe

  I am calling yyparse from a member function. How to access the member variables/function from the bison action. I am currently doing as %{ #include "myclass.h" #include "parse.tab.hh" MyClass *ptr=NULL; void MyClass::evaluate(string expression) { ptr=this; yy_scan_string(expression.c_str()); yyparse(); } %} %% EXPR : EXPR PLUS EXPR { $$ = ptr->memberFunction("+",$1,$3); }

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• Problems with passing an anonymous temporary function-object to a templatized constructor.

  - by Akanksh

  I am trying to attach a function-object to be called on destruction of a templatized class. However, I can not seem to be able to pass the function-object as a temporary. The warning I get is (if the comment the line xi.data = 5;): warning C4930: 'X<T> xi2(writer (__cdecl *)(void))': prototyped function not called (was a variable definition intended?) with [ T=int ] and if I try to use the constructed object, I get a compilation error saying: error C2228: left of '.data' must have class/struct/union I apologize for the lengthy piece of code, but I think all the components need to be visible to assess the situation. template<typename T> struct Base { virtual void run( T& ){} virtual ~Base(){} }; template<typename T, typename D> struct Derived : public Base<T> { virtual void run( T& t ) { D d; d(t); } }; template<typename T> struct X { template<typename R> X(const R& r) { std::cout << "X(R)" << std::endl; ptr = new Derived<T,R>(); } X():ptr(0) { std::cout << "X()" << std::endl; } ~X() { if(ptr) { ptr->run(data); delete ptr; } else { std::cout << "no ptr" << std::endl; } } Base<T>* ptr; T data; }; struct writer { template<typename T> void operator()( const T& i ) { std::cout << "T : " << i << std::endl; } }; int main() { { writer w; X<int> xi2(w); //X<int> xi2(writer()); //This does not work! xi2.data = 15; } return 0; }; The reason I am trying this out is so that I can "somehow" attach function-objects types with the objects without keeping an instance of the function-object itself within the class. Thus when I create an object of class X, I do not have to keep an object of class writer within it, but only a pointer to Base<T> (I'm not sure if I need the <T> here, but for now its there). The problem is that I seem to have to create an object of writer and then pass it to the constructor of X rather than call it like X<int> xi(writer(); I might be missing something completely stupid and obvious here, any suggestions?

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• Understanding C++ pointers (when they point to a pointer)

  - by Stephano

  I think I understand references and pointers pretty well. Here is what I (think I) know: int i = 5; //i is a primitive type, the value is 5, i do not know the address. int *ptr; //a pointer to an int. i have no way if knowing the value yet. ptr = &i; //now i have an address for the value of i (called ptr) *ptr = 10; //go get the value stored at ptr and change it to 10 Please feel free to comment or correct these statements. Now I'm trying to make the jump to arrays of pointers. Here is what I do not know: char **char_ptrs = new char *[50]; Node **node_ptrs = new Node *[50]; My understanding is that I have 2 arrays of pointers, one set of pointers to chars and one to nodes. So if I wanted to set the values, I would do something like this: char_ptrs[0] = new char[20]; node_ptrs[0] = new Node; Now I have a pointer, in the 0 position of my array, in each respective array. Again, feel free to comment here if I'm confused. So, what does the ** operator do? Likewise, what is putting a single * next to the instantiation doing (*[50])? (what is that called exactly, instantiation?)

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• Call/Ret in x86 assembly embedded in C++

  - by SP658

  This is probably trivial, but for some reason I can't it to work. Its supposed to be a simple function that changes the last byte of a dword to 'AA' (10101010), but nothing happens when I call the function. It just returns my original dword __declspec(naked) long function(unsigned long inputDWord, unsigned long *outputDWord) { _asm{ mov ebx, dword ptr[esp+4] push ebx call SET_AA pop ebx mov eax, dword ptr[esp+8] mov dword ptr[eax], ebx } } __declspec(naked) unsigned long SET_AA( unsigned long inputDWord ) { __asm{ mov eax, [esp+4] mov al, 0xAA ret } }

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• c++ floating point precision loss: 3015/0.00025298219406977296

  - by SigTerm

  The problem. Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 compiler, 32bit windows xp sp3, amd 64 x2 cpu. Code: double a = 3015.0; double b = 0.00025298219406977296; //*((unsigned __int64*)(&a)) == 0x40a78e0000000000 //*((unsigned __int64*)(&b)) == 0x3f30945640000000 double f = a/b;//3015/0.00025298219406977296; the result of calculation (i.e. "f") is 11917835.000000000 (*((unsigned __int64*)(&f)) == 0x4166bb4160000000) although it should be 11917834.814763514 (i.e. *((unsigned __int64*)(&f)) == 0x4166bb415a128aef). I.e. fractional part is lost. Unfortunately, I need fractional part to be correct. Questions: 1) Why does this happen? 2) How can I fix the problem? Additional info: 0) The result is taken directly from "watch" window (it wasn't printed, and I didn't forget to set printing precision). I also provided hex dump of floating point variable, so I'm absolutely sure about calculation result. 1) The disassembly of f = a/b is: fld qword ptr [a] fdiv qword ptr [b] fstp qword ptr [f] 2) f = 3015/0.00025298219406977296; yields correct result (f == 11917834.814763514 , *((unsigned __int64*)(&f)) == 0x4166bb415a128aef ), but it looks like in this case result is simply calculated during compile-time: fld qword ptr [__real@4166bb415a128aef (828EA0h)] fstp qword ptr [f] So, how can I fix this problem? P.S. I've found a temporary workaround (i need only fractional part of division, so I simply use f = fmod(a/b)/b at the moment), but I still would like to know how to fix this problem properly - double precision is supposed to be 16 decimal digits, so such calculation isn't supposed to cause problems.

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• Can I make a pointer to the code, and pass to the next instruction?

  - by drigoSkalWalker

  Like this link http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.3.1/gcc/Labels-as-Values.html I can get the memory address of an label, so if I declare a label, get your address, and add your address, i will pass to next instruction? some ilustration int main () { void *ptr; label: instruction 1; instruction 2; ptr = &&label; // So if I do it... ptr = ptr + 1; // I will get the instruction 2 correct?? Thanks for all answers.

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• not working function with no errors

  - by aya

  hello.. I've implemented a function to display an avl tree after inserting nodes into it like this template void AVLtree::display() const { display(Proot); } template void AVLtree::display(Node * ptr) const { if(ptr==0) return ; cout<value<<" "; display(ptr-Pleft); display(ptr-Pright); } after compiling,there were no errors ,the program worked but nothing were printed on the screen help me please....!! thanks

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• Convert a number from string to integer without using inbuilt function

  - by Raja

  I am trying this technique but error is coming. Please help me to convert a number from string to integer. #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char *buffer[80]; int a; cout<<"enter the number"; cin.get(buffer,79); char *ptr[80] = &buffer; while(*ptr!='\0') { a=(a*10)+(*ptr-48); } cout<<"the value"<<a; delete ptr[]; return 0; } Errors are: error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'char ()[80]' to 'char *[80]' error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'char *' to 'int'

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• hash table with chaining method program freezing

  - by Justin Carrey

  I am implementing hash table in C using linked list chaining method. The program compiles but when inserting a string in hash table, the program freezes and gets stuck. The program is below: struct llist{ char *s; struct llist *next; }; struct llist *a[100]; void hinsert(char *str){ int strint, hashinp; strint = 0; hashinp = 0; while(*str){ strint = strint+(*str); } hashinp = (strint%100); if(a[hashinp] == NULL){ struct llist *node; node = (struct llist *)malloc(sizeof(struct llist)); node->s = str; node->next = NULL; a[hashinp] = node; } else{ struct llist *node, *ptr; node = (struct llist *)malloc(sizeof(struct llist)); node->s = str; node->next = NULL; ptr = a[hashinp]; while(ptr->next != NULL){ ptr = ptr->next; } ptr->next = node; } } void hsearch(char *strsrch){ int strint1, hashinp1; strint1 = 0; hashinp1 = 0; while(*strsrch){ strint1 = strint1+(*strsrch); } hashinp1 = (strint1%100); struct llist *ptr1; ptr1 = a[hashinp1]; while(ptr1 != NULL){ if(ptr1->s == strsrch){ cout << "Element Found\n"; break; } else{ ptr1 = ptr1->next; } } if(ptr1 == NULL){ cout << "Element Not Found\n"; } } hinsert() is to insert elements into hash and hsearch is to search an element in the hash. Hash function is written inside hinsert() itself. In the main(), what i am initializing all the elements in a[] to be NULL like this: for(int i = 0;i < 100; i++){ a[i] = NULL; } Help is very much appreciated. Thanks !

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• how to copy an array into somewhere else in the memory by using the pointer

  - by user2758510

  I am completely new in c++ programming. I want to copy the array called distances into where pointer is pointing to and then I want to print out the resul to see if it is worked or not. this is what I have done: int distances[4][6]={{1,0,0,0,1,0},{1,1,0,0,1,1},{1,0,0,0,0,0},{1,1,0,1,0,0}}; int *ptr; ptr = new int[sizeof(distances[0])]; for(int i=0; i<sizeof(distances[0]); i++){ ptr=distances[i]; ptr++; } I do not know how to print out the contents of the pointer to see how it works.

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• delete vs NULL vs free in c++

  - by hero

  what is the difference between deleting a pointer and setting it to null and freeing it. delete ptr; ptr=NULL; free(ptr);

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• I am trying to access the individual bytes in a floating point number and I am getting unexpected results

  - by oweinh

  So I have this so far: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <typeinfo> using namespace std; int main () { float f = 3.45; // just an example fp# char* ptr = (char*)&f; // a character pointer to the first byte of the fp#? cout << int(ptr[0]) << endl; // these lines are just to see if I get what I cout << int(ptr[1]) << endl; // am looking for... I want ints that I can cout << int(ptr[2]) << endl; // otherwise manipulate. cout << int(ptr[3]) << endl; } the result is: -51 -52 92 64 so obviously -51 and -52 are not in the byte range that I would expect for a char... I have taken information from similar questions to arrive at this code and from all discussions, a conversion from char to int is straightforward. So why negative values? I am trying to look at a four-byte number, therefore I would expect 4 integers, each in the range 0-255. I am using Codeblocks 13.12 with gcc 4.8.1 with option -std=C++11 on a Windows 8.1 device.

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• Cannot determine why pointer variable will not address elements in a string in this program?

  - by Smith Will Suffice

  I am attempting to utilize a pointer variable to access elements of a string and there are issues with my code generating a compilation error: #include <stdio.h> #define MAX 29 char arrayI[250]; char *ptr; int main(void) { ptr = arrayI; puts("Enter string to arrayI: up to 29 chars:\n"); fgets(arrayI, MAX, stdin); printf("\n Now printing array by pointer:\n"); printf("%s", *ptr); ptr = arrayI[1]; //(I set the pointer to the second array char element) printf("%c", *ptr); //Here is where I was wanting to use my pointer to //point to individual array elements. return 0; } My compiler crieth: [Warning] assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default] I do not see where my pointer was ever assigned to the integer data type? Could someone please explain why my attempt to implement a pointer variable is failing? Thanks all!

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• warning: format ‘%s’ expects type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’

  - by pyz

  code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <sys/socket.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *ptr, **pptr; struct hostent *hptr; char str[32]; //ptr = argv[1]; ptr = "www.google.com"; if ((hptr = gethostbyname(ptr)) == NULL) { printf("gethostbyname error for host:%s\n", ptr); } printf("official hostname:%s\n", hptr->h_name); for (pptr = hptr->h_aliases; *pptr != NULL; pptr++) printf(" alias:%s\n", *pptr); switch (hptr->h_addrtype) { case AF_INET: case AF_INET6: pptr = hptr->h_addr_list; for (; *pptr != NULL; pptr++) printf(" address:%s\n", inet_ntop(hptr->h_addrtype, *pptr, str, sizeof(str))); break; default: printf("unknown address type\n"); break; } return 0; } compiler output below: zhumatoMacBook:CProjects zhu$ gcc gethostbynamedemo.c gethostbynamedemo.c: In function ‘main’: gethostbynamedemo.c:31: warning: format ‘%s’ expects type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’

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