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• Survey Data Model - How to avoid EAV and excessive denormalization?

  - by AlexDPC

  Hi everyone, My database skills are mediocre at best and I have to design a data model for survey data. I have spent some thoughts on this and right now I feel that I am stuck between some kind of EAV model and a design involving hundreds of tables, each with hundreds of columns (and thousands of records). There must be a better way to do this and I hope that the wise folks on this forum can help me. I have already searched various forums, but I couldn't really find a solution. If it has already been given elsewhere, please excuse me and provide me with a link so I can read it up. Some assumptions about the data I have to deal with: Each survey consists of 1 to n questionnaires Each questionnaire consists of 100-2,000 questions (please ignore that 2,000 questions really sound like a lot to answer...) Questions can be of various types: multiple-choice, free text, a number (like age, income, percentages, ...) Each survey involves 10-200 countries (These are not the respondents. The respondents are actually people in the countries.) Depending on the type of questionnaire, each questionnaire is answered by 100-20,000 respondents per country. A country can adapt the questionnaires for a survey, i.e. add, remove or edit questions The data for one country is gathered in a separate database in that country. There is no possibility for online integration from the start. The data for all countries has to be integrated later. This means for example, if a country has deleted a question, that data must somehow be derived from what they sent in order to achieve a uniform design across all countries I will have to write the integration and cleaning software, which will need to work with every country's data In the end the data needs to be exported to flat files, one rectangular grid per country and questionnaire. I have already discussed this topic with people from various backgrounds and have not come to a good solution yet. I mainly got two kinds of opinions. The domain experts, who are used to working with flat files (spreadsheet-style) for data processing and analysis vote for a denormalized structure with loads of tables and columns as I described above (1 table per country and questionnaire). This sounds terrible to me, because I learned that wide tables are to be avoided, it will be annoying to determine which columns are actually in a table when working with it, the database will become cluttered with hundreds of tables (or I even need to set up multiple databases, each with a similar yet a bit differetn design), etc. O-O-programmers vote for a strongly "normalized" design, which would effectively lead to a central table containing all the answers from all respondents to all questions. This table would either need to contain a column of type sql_variant type or multiple answer columns with different types to store answers of different types (multiple choice, free text, ..). The former would essentially be a EAV model. I tend to follow Joe Celko here, who strongly discourages its use (he calls it OTLT or "One True Lookup Table"). The latter would imply that each row would contain null cells for the not applicable types by design. Another alternative I could think of would be to create one table per answer type, i.e., one for multiple-choice questions, one for free text questions, etc.. That's not so generic, it would lead to a lot of union joins, I think and I would have to add a table if a new answer type is invented. Sorry for boring you with all this text and thank you for your input! Cheers, Alex PS: I asked the same question here: http://www.eggheadcafe.com/community/aspnet/13/10242616/survey-data-model--how-to-avoid-eav-and-excessive-denormalization.aspx

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• Custom ADO.NET provider to intercept and modify sql queries.

  - by Faisal

  Our client has an application that stores blobs in database which has now grown enough to impact the performance of SQL Server. To overcome this issue, we are planning to offload all blobs to file system and leave the path of file in a new column in user table. Like if user has a table docs with columns id, name and content (blob); we would ask him to add a new column 'filepath' in this table. Our client is willing to make this change in this database. But when it comes to changing the sql queries to read and write into this table, they are not ready to accep this. Actually, they don't want any change that results in recompilation and deployment. Now we are planning to write a custom ADO.NET provider that will intercept the select queries add a column 'filepath' at the end of the select statement retieve the result set and modify the 'content' column value based on 'filepath' value Is there any use case that you think will certainly fail with this approach? I know this sounds dirty but do we have a better way?

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• Spring's EntityManager not persisting

  - by Fernando Camargo

  Well, my project was using EJB and JPA (with Hibernate), but I had to switch to Spring. Everything was working well before that. The EJB used to inject the EntityManager, controled the transaction, etc. Ok, when I switched to Spring, I had a lot of problems because I'm new on Spring. But after everything is running, I have the problem: the data is never saved on database. I configured my Spring to control the transactions, I have spring beans used in JSF, that has spring services that do the hard work. This services have a EntityManager injected and use @Transactional REQUIRED. This services pass the EntityManager to a DAO that call entityManager.persist(bean). The selects appears to work well, the JTA transaction appears to work well to (I saw in log), but the entity is not saved! Here is the log: INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter: doFilterInternal() (linha 136): Opening JPA EntityManager in OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory: doGetBean() (linha 245): Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'transactionManager' INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: getTransaction() (linha 365): Creating new transaction with name [br.org.cni.pronatec.controller.service.MontanteServiceImpl.adicionarValor]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT; '' INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doBegin() (linha 493): Opened new Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] for Hibernate transaction INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doBegin() (linha 504): Preparing JDBC Connection of Hibernate Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doBegin() (linha 569): Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [com.sun.gjc.spi.jdbc40.ConnectionHolder40@3bcd4840] INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.ExtendedEntityManagerCreator$ExtendedEntityManagerInvocationHandler: doJoinTransaction() (linha 383): Joined JTA transaction INFO: Hibernate: select hibernate_sequence.nextval from dual INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: processCommit() (linha 752): Initiating transaction commit INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doCommit() (linha 652): Committing Hibernate transaction on Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager: doCleanupAfterCompletion() (linha 734): Closing Hibernate Session [org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl@2b2fe2f0] after transaction INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils: closeSession() (linha 800): Closing Hibernate Session INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter: doFilterInternal() (linha 154): Closing JPA EntityManager in OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter INFO: [Pronatec] - 04/04/2012 11:30:20 - [DEBUG] org.springframework.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryUtils: closeEntityManager() (linha 343): Closing JPA EntityManager In the log, I see it commiting the transaction, but I don't see the insert query (the Hibernate is printing any query). I also see that the Hibernate lookup to get the next value of the sequence ID. But after that, it never really inserts. Here is the spring context configuration: <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="PronatecPU" /> <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:META-INF/persistence.xml" /> <property name="loadTimeWeaver"> <bean class="org.springframework.instrument.classloading.InstrumentationLoadTimeWeaver"/> </property> <property name="jpaProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.transaction.factory_class">org.hibernate.transaction.JTATransactionFactory</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" > <property name="transactionManagerName" value="java:/TransactionManager" /> <property name="userTransactionName" value="UserTransaction" /> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> Here is my persistence.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="1.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="PronatecPU" transaction-type="JTA"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <jta-data-source>jdbc/pronatec</jta-data-source> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.AgendamentoBuscaSistec</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.AgendamentoExportacaoZeus</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.AgendamentoImportacaoZeus</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Aluno</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Curso</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.DepartamentoRegional</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Dof</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Escola</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Inconsistencia</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Matricula</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Montante</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.ParametrosVingentes</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.TipoCurso</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.Turma</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.UnidadeFederativa</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.ValorAssistenciaEstudantil</class> <class>br.org.cni.pronatec.model.bean.ValorHora</class> <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes> <properties> <property name="current_session_context_class" value="thread"/> <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect"/> <property name="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class" value="org.hibernate.transaction.SunONETransactionManagerLookup"/> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence> Here is my service that is injected in the managed bean: @Service @Scope("prototype") @Transactional(propagation= Propagation.REQUIRED) public class MontanteServiceImpl { // more code @PersistenceContext(unitName="PronatecPU", type= PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED) private EntityManager entityManager; // more code // The method that is called by another public method that do something before private void salvarMontante(Montante montante) { montante.setDataTransacao(new Date()); MontanteDao montanteDao = new MontanteDao(entityManager); montanteDao.salvar(montante); } // more code } My MontanteDao inherits from a base DAO, like this: public class MontanteDao extends BaseDao<Montante> { public MontanteDao(EntityManager entityManager) { super(entityManager); } } And the method that is called in BaseDao is this: public void salvar(T bean) { entityManager.persist(bean); } Like you can see, it just pick the injected entityManager and call the persist() method. The transaction is being controlled by the Spring, like is printed in the log, but the insert query is never printed in log and it is never saved. I'm sorry about my bad english. Thanks in advance for who helps.

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• Backbone events not firing (this.el undefined) & general feedback on use of the framework

  - by Leo

  I am very new to backbone.js and I am struggling a little. I figured out a way to get data from the server (in json) onto the screen successfully but am I doing it the right/best way? I know there is something wrong because the only view which contains a valid this.el is the parent view. I suspect that because of this, the events of the view are not firing ()... What is the best way forward? Here is the code: var surveyUrl = "/api/Survey?format=json&callback=?"; $(function () { AnswerOption = Backbone.Model.extend({}); AnswerOptionList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ initialize: function (models, options) { this.bind("add", options.view.render); } }); AnswerOptionView = Backbone.View.extend({ initialize: function () { this.answerOptionList = new AnswerOptionList(null, { view: this }); _.bindAll(this, 'render'); }, events: { "click .answerOptionControl": "updateCheckedState" //does not fire because there is no this.el }, render: function (model) { // Compile the template using underscore var template = _.template($("#questionAnswerOptionTemplate").html(), model.answerOption); $('#answerOptions' + model.answerOption.questionId + '>fieldset').append(template); return this; }, updateCheckedState: function (data) { //never hit... } }); Question = Backbone.Model.extend({}); QuestionList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ initialize: function (models, options) { this.bind("add", options.view.render); } }); QuestionView = Backbone.View.extend({ initialize: function () { this.questionlist = new QuestionList(null, { view: this }); _.bindAll(this, 'render'); }, render: function (model) { // Compile the template using underscore var template = _.template($("#questionTemplate").html(), model.question); $("#questions").append(template); //append answers using AnswerOptionView var view = new AnswerOptionView(); for (var i = 0; i < model.question.answerOptions.length; i++) { var qModel = new AnswerOption(); qModel.answerOption = model.question.answerOptions[i]; qModel.questionChoiceType = ChoiceType(); view.answerOptionList.add(qModel); } $('#questions').trigger('create'); return this; } }); Survey = Backbone.Model.extend({ url: function () { return this.get("id") ? surveyUrl + '/' + this.get("id") : surveyUrl; } }); SurveyList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Survey, url: surveyUrl }); aSurvey = new Survey({ Id: 1 }); SurveyView = Backbone.View.extend({ model: aSurvey, initialize: function () { _.bindAll(this, 'render'); this.model.bind('refresh', this.render); this.model.bind('change', this.render); this.model.view = this; }, // Re-render the contents render: function () { var view = new QuestionView(); //{el:this.el}); for (var i = 0; i < this.model.attributes[0].questions.length; i++) { var qModel = new Question(); qModel.question = this.model.attributes[0].questions[i]; view.questionlist.add(qModel); } } }); window.App = new SurveyView(aSurvey); aSurvey.fetch(); }); -html <body> <div id="questions"></div> <!-- Templates --> <script type="text/template" id="questionAnswerOptionTemplate"> <input name="answerOptionGroup<%= questionId %>" id="answerOptionInput<%= id %>" type="checkbox" class="answerOptionControl"/> <label for="answerOptionInput<%= id %>"><%= text %></label> </script> <script type="text/template" id="questionTemplate"> <div id="question<%=id %>" class="questionWithCurve"> <h1><%= headerText %></h1> <h2><%= subText %></h2> <div data-role="fieldcontain" id="answerOptions<%= id %>" > <fieldset data-role="controlgroup" data-type="vertical"> <legend> </legend> </fieldset> </div> </div> </script> </body> And the JSON from the server: ? ({ "name": "Survey", "questions": [{ "surveyId": 1, "headerText": "Question 1", "subText": "subtext", "type": "Choice", "positionOrder": 1, "answerOptions": [{ "questionId": 1, "text": "Question 1 - Option 1", "positionOrder": 1, "id": 1, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034297+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 1, "text": "Question 1 - Option 2", "positionOrder": 2, "id": 2, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034340+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 1, "text": "Question 1 - Option 3", "positionOrder": 3, "id": 3, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034350+0100)\/" }], "questionValidators": [{ "questionId": 1, "value": "3", "type": "MaxAnswers", "id": 1, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034267+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 1, "value": "1", "type": "MinAnswers", "id": 2, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034283+0100)\/" }], "id": 1, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034257+0100)\/" }, { "surveyId": 1, "headerText": "Question 2", "subText": "subtext", "type": "Choice", "positionOrder": 2, "answerOptions": [{ "questionId": 2, "text": "Question 2 - Option 1", "positionOrder": 1, "id": 4, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034427+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 2, "text": "Question 2 - Option 2", "positionOrder": 2, "id": 5, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034440+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 2, "text": "Question 2 - Option 3", "positionOrder": 3, "id": 6, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034447+0100)\/" }], "questionValidators": [{ "questionId": 2, "value": "3", "type": "MaxAnswers", "id": 3, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034407+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 2, "value": "1", "type": "MinAnswers", "id": 4, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034417+0100)\/" }], "id": 2, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034377+0100)\/" }, { "surveyId": 1, "headerText": "Question 3", "subText": "subtext", "type": "Choice", "positionOrder": 3, "answerOptions": [{ "questionId": 3, "text": "Question 3 - Option 1", "positionOrder": 1, "id": 7, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034477+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 3, "text": "Question 3 - Option 2", "positionOrder": 2, "id": 8, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034483+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 3, "text": "Question 3 - Option 3", "positionOrder": 3, "id": 9, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034487+0100)\/" }], "questionValidators": [{ "questionId": 3, "value": "3", "type": "MaxAnswers", "id": 5, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034463+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 3, "value": "1", "type": "MinAnswers", "id": 6, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034470+0100)\/" }], "id": 3, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034457+0100)\/" }, { "surveyId": 1, "headerText": "Question 4", "subText": "subtext", "type": "Choice", "positionOrder": 4, "answerOptions": [{ "questionId": 4, "text": "Question 4 - Option 1", "positionOrder": 1, "id": 10, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034500+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 4, "text": "Question 4 - Option 2", "positionOrder": 2, "id": 11, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034507+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 4, "text": "Question 4 - Option 3", "positionOrder": 3, "id": 12, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034507+0100)\/" }], "questionValidators": [{ "questionId": 4, "value": "3", "type": "MaxAnswers", "id": 7, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034493+0100)\/" }, { "questionId": 4, "value": "1", "type": "MinAnswers", "id": 8, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034497+0100)\/" }], "id": 4, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034490+0100)\/" }], "id": 1, "createdOn": "\/Date(1333666034243+0100)\/" })

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• How to filter Backbone.js Collection and Rerender App View?

  - by Jeremy H.

  Is is a total Backbone.js noob question. I am working off of the ToDo Backbone.js example trying to build out a fairly simple single app interface. While the todo project is more about user input, this app is more about filtering the data based on the user options (click events). I am completely new to Backbone.js and Mongoose and have been unable to find a good example of what I am trying to do. I have been able to get my api to pull the data from the MongoDB collection and drop it into the Backbone.js collection which renders it in the app. What I cannot for the life of me figure out how to do is filter that data and re-render the app view. I am trying to filter by the "type" field in the document. Here is my script: (I am totally aware of some major refactoring needed, I am just rapid prototyping a concept.) $(function() { window.Job = Backbone.Model.extend({ idAttribute: "_id", defaults: function() { return { attachments: false } } }); window.JobsList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Job, url: '/api/jobs', leads: function() { return this.filter(function(job){ return job.get('type') == "Lead"; }); } }); window.Jobs = new JobsList; window.JobView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName: "div", className: "item", template: _.template($('#item-template').html()), initialize: function() { this.model.bind('change', this.render, this); this.model.bind('destroy', this.remove, this); }, render: function() { $(this.el).html(this.template(this.model.toJSON())); this.setText(); return this; }, setText: function() { var month=new Array(); month[0]="Jan"; month[1]="Feb"; month[2]="Mar"; month[3]="Apr"; month[4]="May"; month[5]="Jun"; month[6]="Jul"; month[7]="Aug"; month[8]="Sep"; month[9]="Oct"; month[10]="Nov"; month[11]="Dec"; var title = this.model.get('title'); var description = this.model.get('description'); var datemonth = this.model.get('datem'); var dateday = this.model.get('dated'); var jobtype = this.model.get('type'); var jobstatus = this.model.get('status'); var amount = this.model.get('amount'); var paymentstatus = this.model.get('paymentstatus') var type = this.$('.status .jobtype'); var status = this.$('.status .jobstatus'); this.$('.title a').text(title); this.$('.description').text(description); this.$('.date .month').text(month[datemonth]); this.$('.date .day').text(dateday); type.text(jobtype); status.text(jobstatus); if(amount > 0) this.$('.paymentamount').text(amount) if(paymentstatus) this.$('.paymentstatus').text(paymentstatus) if(jobstatus === 'New') { status.addClass('new'); } else if (jobstatus === 'Past Due') { status.addClass('pastdue') }; if(jobtype === 'Lead') { type.addClass('lead'); } else if (jobtype === '') { type.addClass(''); }; }, remove: function() { $(this.el).remove(); }, clear: function() { this.model.destroy(); } }); window.AppView = Backbone.View.extend({ el: $("#main"), events: { "click #leads .highlight" : "filterLeads" }, initialize: function() { Jobs.bind('add', this.addOne, this); Jobs.bind('reset', this.addAll, this); Jobs.bind('all', this.render, this); Jobs.fetch(); }, addOne: function(job) { var view = new JobView({model: job}); this.$("#activitystream").append(view.render().el); }, addAll: function() { Jobs.each(this.addOne); }, filterLeads: function() { // left here, this event fires but i need to figure out how to filter the activity list. } }); window.App = new AppView; });

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• how to store JSON into POJO using Jackson

  - by user2963680

  I am developing a module where i am using rest service to get data. i am not getting how to store JSON using Jackson and store it which has Queryparam also. Any help is really appreciated as I am new to this.I am trying to do server side filtering in extjs infinte grid which is sending the below request to rest service. when the page load first time, it sends http://myhost/mycontext/rest/populateGrid?_dc=9999999999999&page=1&start=0&limit=500 when you select filter on name and place, it sends http://myhost/mycontext/rest/populateGrid?_dc=9999999999999&filter=[{"type":"string","value":"Tom","field":"name"},{"type":"string","value":"London","field":"Location"}]&page=1&start=0&limit=500 I am trying to save this in POJO and then sending this to database to retrieve data. For this on rest side i have written something like this @Provider @Path("/rest") public interface restAccessPoint { @GET @Path("/populateGrid") @Produces({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON}) public Response getallGridData(FilterJsonToJava filterparam,@QueryParam("page") String page,@QueryParam("start") String start,@QueryParam("limit") String limit); } public class FilterJsonToJava { @JsonProperty(value ="filter") private List<Filter> data; .. getter and setter below } public class Filter { @JsonProperty("type") private String type; @JsonProperty("value") private String value; @JsonProperty("field") private String field; ...getter and setters below } I am getting the below error The following warnings have been detected with resource and/or provider classes: WARNING: A HTTP GET method, public abstract javax.ws.rs.core.Response com.xx.xx.xx.xxxxx (com.xx.xx.xx.xx.json.FilterJsonToJava ,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String), should not consume any entity. com.xx.xx.xx.xx.json.FilterJsonToJava, and Java type class com.xx.xx.xx.FilterJsonToJava, and MIME media type application/octet-stream was not found [11/6/13 17:46:54:065] 0000001c ContainerRequ E The registered message body readers compatible with the MIME media type are: application/octet-stream com.sun.jersey.core.impl.provider.entity.ByteArrayProvider com.sun.jersey.core.impl.provider.entity.FileProvider com.sun.jersey.core.impl.provider.entity.InputStreamProvider com.sun.jersey.core.impl.provider.entity.DataSourceProvider com.sun.jersey.core.impl.provider.entity.RenderedImageProvider */* -> com.sun.jersey.core.impl.provider.entity.FormProvider ...

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• How to prevent asymmetric routing with multiple eBGP routers?

  - by Andy Shinn

  I have 2 routers announcing a /22 subnet to different providers (one providers connects to each of the 2 routers). I have split the /22 in two /23 to announce one /23 on each of the routers plus the /22 (the providers will take the more specific route). This allows me to fail over and keep traffic inside the /23 in and out the same provider. What are other ways in which I could announce just the /22 with both routers and have packets from servers on the network behind the routers go back out the same router in which they came in from? EDIT: The main problem I come across, which end users and clients complain about the most, is that the least hop route is sometimes not the "optimal" route. In my case, I know that Provider B may have better latency to X nation. But when packets come in from provider B, they may go out Provider A or provider B. The reverse is also true. If I send a packet to X nation out provider A, even though it may have more hops back, the packet will likely come in from Provider B (which may have higher latency, packet loss, etc. to this nation)

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• ASP.NET MVC : AJAX ActionLink - Persist Data

  - by Mio

  Hi guys, I'm really new at this and I was searching the web for an answer to my question and I couldn't find it, so here I am posting my question :) I'm trying to create a new record in my table Facility. For my goreign keys I'm displaying the choices in tables instead of a dropdowns. When the user clicks on the select link which is an Ajax.ActionLink(), I wanna retrieve the right record from the DB and set the foreign key of my object Facility to the one slected and replace the Div by a new Partial View. The problem is when I try to submit the form, the Facility object doesnt seem to have the foreign key that I've just set in my ajax fuction in my controller. And if the user has enter some data in the other fields of the create form, I don't them to lose what they already entered. Here's my code. Model only contains a Facility. public ActionResult Create() { Model.Facility = new Facility(); return View(Model); } This is part of my Create View <div id="FacilityTypePartialView"> <% Html.RenderPartial("FacilityType"); %> </div> This is my Partial View FacilityType <% if (Model.IsNewFacility()) { %> <p> Id: <%= Html.Encode(Model.Facility.FacilityType.FId)%> </p> <p> Type: <%= Html.Encode(Model.Facility.FacilityType.FType)%> </p> <p> Description: <%= Html.Encode(Model.Facility.FacilityType.FDescription) %> </p> <% } %> <p> <%= Html.ActionLink("Manage Facility Type", "Index","FacilityType") %> </p> <table id="FacilityTypesList"> <tr> <th> Select </th> <th> FId </th> <th> FType </th> <th> FDescription </th> </tr> <% foreach (var item in Model.GetFacilityTypes()) { %> <tr> <td> <%=Ajax.ActionLink("Select", "FacilityTypeSelect", new { id = item.FId}, new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = "FacilityTypePartialView" })%> </td> <td> <%= Html.Encode(item.FId) %> </td> <td> <%= Html.Encode(item.FType) %> </td> <td> <%= Html.Encode(item.FDescription) %> </td> </tr> <% } %> </table> Here's y Ajax Funcion public PartialViewResult FacilityTypeSelect(int id) { Facility facility = new Facility(); facility.FacilityType = _repository.GetFacilityType(id); Model.Facility = facility; if (this.Request.IsAjaxRequest() == false) { return PartialView("FacilityType/FacilityType", Model); } else { return PartialView("FacilityType/FacilityTypeSelected", Model); } } Finally, my Post method [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Create( Facility facility) { Model.Facility = facility; if (ModelState.IsValid) { try { _repository.AddEntity(facility); _repository.Save(); return RedirectToAction("Details", new { id = facility.Id }); } catch { } } return View("Create", Model); } My Faciliy object coming from the View have the Facility.FacilityType set to nothing.

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• Mapping UrlEncoded POST Values in ASP.NET Web API

  - by Rick Strahl

  If there's one thing that's a bit unexpected in ASP.NET Web API, it's the limited support for mapping url encoded POST data values to simple parameters of ApiController methods. When I first looked at this I thought I was doing something wrong, because it seems mighty odd that you can bind query string values to parameters by name, but can't bind POST values to parameters in the same way. To demonstrate here's a simple example. If you have a Web API method like this:[HttpGet] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(string username, string password) { …} and then hit with a URL like this: http://localhost:88/samples/authenticate?Username=ricks&Password=sekrit it works just fine. The query string values are mapped to the username and password parameters of our API method. But if you now change the method to work with [HttpPost] instead like this:[HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(string username, string password) { …} and hit it with a POST HTTP Request like this: POST http://localhost:88/samples/authenticate HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:88 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 30 Username=ricks&Password=sekrit you'll find that while the request works, it doesn't actually receive the two string parameters. The username and password parameters are null and so the method is definitely going to fail. When I mentioned this over Twitter a few days ago I got a lot of responses back of why I'd want to do this in the first place - after all HTML Form submissions are the domain of MVC and not WebAPI which is a valid point. However, the more common use case is using POST Variables with AJAX calls. The following is quite common for passing simple values:$.post(url,{ Username: "Rick", Password: "sekrit" },function(result) {…}); but alas that doesn't work. How ASP.NET Web API handles Content Bodies Web API supports parsing content data in a variety of ways, but it does not deal with multiple posted content values. In effect you can only post a single content value to a Web API Action method. That one parameter can be very complex and you can bind it in a variety of ways, but ultimately you're tied to a single POST content value in your parameter definition. While it's possible to support multiple parameters on a POST/PUT operation, only one parameter can be mapped to the actual content - the rest have to be mapped to route values or the query string. Web API treats the whole request body as one big chunk of data that is sent to a Media Type Formatter that's responsible for de-serializing the content into whatever value the method requires. The restriction comes from async nature of Web API where the request data is read only once inside of the formatter that retrieves and deserializes it. Because it's read once, checking for content (like individual POST variables) first is not possible. However, Web API does provide a couple of ways to access the form POST data: Model Binding - object property mapping to bind POST values FormDataCollection - collection of POST keys/values ModelBinding POST Values - Binding POST data to Object Properties The recommended way to handle POST values in Web API is to use Model Binding, which maps individual urlencoded POST values to properties of a model object provided as the parameter. Model binding requires a single object as input to be bound to the POST data, with each POST key that matches a property name (including nested properties like Address.Street) being mapped and updated including automatic type conversion of simple types. This is a very nice feature - and a familiar one from MVC - that makes it very easy to have model objects mapped directly from inbound data. The obvious drawback with Model Binding is that you need a model for it to work: You have to provide a strongly typed object that can receive the data and this object has to map the inbound data. To rewrite the example above to use ModelBinding I have to create a class maps the properties that I need as parameters:public class LoginData { public string Username { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } } and then accept the data like this in the API method:[HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(LoginData login) { string username = login.Username; string password = login.Password; … } This works fine mapping the POST values to the properties of the login object. As a side benefit of this method definition, the method now also allows posting of JSON or XML to the same endpoint. If I change my request to send JSON like this: POST http://localhost:88/samples/authenticate HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:88 Accept: application/jsonContent-type: application/json Content-Length: 40 {"Username":"ricks","Password":"sekrit"} it works as well and transparently, courtesy of the nice Content Negotiation features of Web API. There's nothing wrong with using Model binding and in fact it's a common practice to use (view) model object for inputs coming back from the client and mapping them into these models. But it can be  kind of a hassle if you have AJAX applications with a ton of backend hits, especially if many methods are very atomic and focused and don't effectively require a model or view. Not always do you have to pass structured data, but sometimes there are just a couple of simple response values that need to be sent back. If all you need is to pass a couple operational parameters, creating a view model object just for parameter purposes seems like overkill. Maybe you can use the query string instead (if that makes sense), but if you can't then you can often end up with a plethora of 'message objects' that serve no further  purpose than to make Model Binding work. Note that you can accept multiple parameters with ModelBinding so the following would still work:[HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(LoginData login, string loginDomain) but only the object will be bound to POST data. As long as loginDomain comes from the querystring or route data this will work. Collecting POST values with FormDataCollection Another more dynamic approach to handle POST values is to collect POST data into a FormDataCollection. FormDataCollection is a very basic key/value collection (like FormCollection in MVC and Request.Form in ASP.NET in general) and then read the values out individually by querying each. [HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(FormDataCollection form) { var username = form.Get("Username"); var password = form.Get("Password"); …} The downside to this approach is that it's not strongly typed, you have to handle type conversions on non-string parameters, and it gets a bit more complicated to test such as setup as you have to seed a FormDataCollection with data. On the other hand it's flexible and easy to use and especially with string parameters is easy to deal with. It's also dynamic, so if the client sends you a variety of combinations of values on which you make operating decisions, this is much easier to work with than a strongly typed object that would have to account for all possible values up front. The downside is that the code looks old school and isn't as self-documenting as a parameter list or object parameter would be. Nevertheless it's totally functionality and a viable choice for collecting POST values. What about [FromBody]? Web API also has a [FromBody] attribute that can be assigned to parameters. If you have multiple parameters on a Web API method signature you can use [FromBody] to specify which one will be parsed from the POST content. Unfortunately it's not terribly useful as it only returns content in raw format and requires a totally non-standard format ("=content") to specify your content. For more info in how FromBody works and several related issues to how POST data is mapped, you can check out Mike Stalls post: How WebAPI does Parameter Binding Not really sure where the Web API team thought [FromBody] would really be a good fit other than a down and dirty way to send a full string buffer. Extending Web API to make multiple POST Vars work? Don't think so Clearly there's no native support for multiple POST variables being mapped to parameters, which is a bit of a bummer. I know in my own work on one project my customer actually found this to be a real sticking point in their AJAX backend work, and we ended up not using Web API and using MVC JSON features instead. That's kind of sad because Web API is supposed to be the proper solution for AJAX backends. With all of ASP.NET Web API's extensibility you'd think there would be some way to build this functionality on our own, but after spending a bit of time digging and asking some of the experts from the team and Web API community I didn't hear anything that even suggests that this is possible. From what I could find I'd say it's not possible primarily because Web API's Routing engine does not account for the POST variable mapping. This means [HttpPost] methods with url encoded POST buffers are not mapped to the parameters of the endpoint, and so the routes would never even trigger a request that could be intercepted. Once the routing doesn't work there's not much that can be done. If somebody has an idea how this could be accomplished I would love to hear about it. Do we really need multi-value POST mapping? I think that that POST value mapping is a feature that one would expect of any API tool to have. If you look at common APIs out there like Flicker and Google Maps etc. they all work with POST data. POST data is very prominent much more so than JSON inputs and so supporting as many options that enable would seem to be crucial. All that aside, Web API does provide very nice features with Model Binding that allows you to capture many POST variables easily enough, and logistically this will let you build whatever you need with POST data of all shapes as long as you map objects. But having to have an object for every operation that receives a data input is going to take its toll in heavy AJAX applications, with a lot of types created that do nothing more than act as parameter containers. I also think that POST variable mapping is an expected behavior and Web APIs non-support will likely result in many, many questions like this one: How do I bind a simple POST value in ASP.NET WebAPI RC? with no clear answer to this question. I hope for V.next of WebAPI Microsoft will consider this a feature that's worth adding. Related Articles Passing multiple POST parameters to Web API Controller Methods Mike Stall's post: How Web API does Parameter Binding Where does ASP.NET Web API Fit?© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Adding DTrace Probes to PHP Extensions

  - by cj

  The powerful DTrace tracing facility has some PHP-specific probes that can be enabled with --enable-dtrace. DTrace for Linux is being created by Oracle and is currently in tech preview. Currently it doesn't support userspace tracing so, in the meantime, Systemtap can be used to monitor the probes implemented in PHP. This was recently outlined in David Soria Parra's post Probing PHP with Systemtap on Linux. My post shows how DTrace probes can be added to PHP extensions and traced on Linux. I was using Oracle Linux 6.3. Not all Linux kernels are built with Systemtap, since this can impact stability. Check whether your running kernel (or others installed) have Systemtap enabled, and reboot with such a kernel: # grep CONFIG_UTRACE /boot/config-`uname -r` # grep CONFIG_UTRACE /boot/config-* When you install Systemtap itself, the package systemtap-sdt-devel is needed since it provides the sdt.h header file: # yum install systemtap-sdt-devel You can now install and build PHP as shown in David's article. Basically the build is with: $ cd ~/php-src $ ./configure --disable-all --enable-dtrace $ make (For me, running 'make' a second time failed with an error. The workaround is to do 'git checkout Zend/zend_dtrace.d' and then rerun 'make'. See PHP Bug 63704) David's article shows how to trace the probes already implemented in PHP. You can also use Systemtap to trace things like userspace PHP function calls. For example, create test.php: <?php $c = oci_connect('hr', 'welcome', 'localhost/orcl'); $s = oci_parse($c, "select dbms_xmlgen.getxml('select * from dual') xml from dual"); $r = oci_execute($s); $row = oci_fetch_array($s, OCI_NUM); $x = $row[0]->load(); $row[0]->free(); echo $x; ?> The normal output of this file is the XML form of Oracle's DUAL table: $ ./sapi/cli/php ~/test.php <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> To trace the PHP function calls, create the tracing file functrace.stp: probe process("sapi/cli/php").function("zif_*") { printf("Started function %s\n", probefunc()); } probe process("sapi/cli/php").function("zif_*").return { printf("Ended function %s\n", probefunc()); } This makes use of the way PHP userspace functions (not builtins) like oci_connect() map to C functions with a "zif_" prefix. Login as root, and run System tap on the PHP script: # cd ~cjones/php-src # stap -c 'sapi/cli/php ~cjones/test.php' ~cjones/functrace.stp Started function zif_oci_connect Ended function zif_oci_connect Started function zif_oci_parse Ended function zif_oci_parse Started function zif_oci_execute Ended function zif_oci_execute Started function zif_oci_fetch_array Ended function zif_oci_fetch_array Started function zif_oci_lob_load <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> Ended function zif_oci_lob_load Started function zif_oci_free_descriptor Ended function zif_oci_free_descriptor Each call and return is logged. The Systemtap scripting language allows complex scripts to be built. There are many examples on the web. To augment this generic capability and the PHP probes in PHP, other extensions can have probes too. Below are the steps I used to add probes to OCI8: I created a provider file ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace.d, enabling three probes. The first one will accept a parameter that runtime tracing can later display: provider php { probe oci8__connect(char *username); probe oci8__nls_start(); probe oci8__nls_done(); }; I updated ext/oci8/config.m4 with the PHP_INIT_DTRACE macro. The patch is at the end of config.m4. The macro takes the provider prototype file, a name of the header file that 'dtrace' will generate, and a list of sources files with probes. When --enable-dtrace is used during PHP configuration, then the outer $PHP_DTRACE check is true and my new probes will be enabled. I've chosen to define an OCI8 specific macro, HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE, which can be used in the OCI8 source code: diff --git a/ext/oci8/config.m4 b/ext/oci8/config.m4 index 34ae76c..f3e583d 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/config.m4 +++ b/ext/oci8/config.m4 @@ -341,4 +341,17 @@ if test "$PHP_OCI8" != "no"; then PHP_SUBST_OLD(OCI8_ORACLE_VERSION) fi + + if test "$PHP_DTRACE" = "yes"; then + AC_CHECK_HEADERS([sys/sdt.h], [ + PHP_INIT_DTRACE([ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace.d], + [ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace_gen.h],[ext/oci8/oci8.c]) + AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE,1, + [Whether to enable DTrace support for OCI8 ]) + ], [ + AC_MSG_ERROR( + [Cannot find sys/sdt.h which is required for DTrace support]) + ]) + fi + fi In ext/oci8/oci8.c, I added the probes at, for this example, semi-arbitrary places: diff --git a/ext/oci8/oci8.c b/ext/oci8/oci8.c index e2241cf..ffa0168 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/oci8.c +++ b/ext/oci8/oci8.c @@ -1811,6 +1811,12 @@ php_oci_connection *php_oci_do_connect_ex(char *username, int username_len, char } } +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT(username); + } +#endif + /* Initialize global handles if they weren't initialized before */ if (OCI_G(env) == NULL) { php_oci_init_global_handles(TSRMLS_C); @@ -1870,11 +1876,22 @@ php_oci_connection *php_oci_do_connect_ex(char *username, int username_len, char size_t rsize = 0; sword result; +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_START_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_START(); + } +#endif PHP_OCI_CALL_RETURN(result, OCINlsEnvironmentVariableGet, (&charsetid_nls_lang, 0, OCI_NLS_CHARSET_ID, 0, &rsize)); if (result != OCI_SUCCESS) { charsetid_nls_lang = 0; } smart_str_append_unsigned_ex(&hashed_details, charsetid_nls_lang, 0); + +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_DONE_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_DONE(); + } +#endif } timestamp = time(NULL); The oci_connect(), oci_pconnect() and oci_new_connect() calls all use php_oci_do_connect_ex() internally. The first probe simply records that the PHP application made a connection call. I already showed a way to do this without needing a probe, but adding a specific probe lets me record the username. The other two probes can be used to time how long the globalization initialization takes. The relationships between the oci8_dtrace.d names like oci8__connect, the probe guards like DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT_ENABLED() and probe names like DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT() are obvious after seeing the pattern of all three probes. I included the new header that will be automatically created by the dtrace tool when PHP is built. I did this in ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h: diff --git a/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h b/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h index b0d6516..c81fc5a 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h +++ b/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h @@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ # endif # endif /* osf alpha */ +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE +#include "oci8_dtrace_gen.h" +#endif + #if defined(min) #undef min #endif Now PHP can be rebuilt: $ cd ~/php-src $ rm configure && ./buildconf --force $ ./configure --disable-all --enable-dtrace \ --with-oci8=instantclient,/home/cjones/instantclient $ make If 'make' fails, do the 'git checkout Zend/zend_dtrace.d' trick I mentioned. The new probes can be seen by logging in as root and running: # stap -l 'process.provider("php").mark("oci8*")' -c 'sapi/cli/php -i' process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__connect") process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__nls_done") process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__nls_start") To test them out, create a new trace file, oci.stp: global numconnects; global start; global numcharlookups = 0; global tottime = 0; probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-connect") { printf("Connected as %s\n", user_string($arg1)); numconnects += 1; } probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-nls_start") { start = gettimeofday_us(); numcharlookups++; } probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-nls_done") { tottime += gettimeofday_us() - start; } probe end { printf("Connects: %d, Charset lookups: %ld\n", numconnects, numcharlookups); printf("Total NLS charset initalization time: %ld usecs/connect\n", (numcharlookups 0 ? tottime/numcharlookups : 0)); } This calculates the average time that the NLS character set lookup takes. It also prints out the username of each connection, as an example of using parameters. Login as root and run Systemtap over the PHP script: # cd ~cjones/php-src # stap -c 'sapi/cli/php ~cjones/test.php' ~cjones/oci.stp Connected as cj <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> Connects: 1, Charset lookups: 1 Total NLS charset initalization time: 164 usecs/connect This shows the time penalty of making OCI8 look up the default character set. This time would be zero if a character set had been passed as the fourth argument to oci_connect() in test.php.

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• Combined Likelihood Models

  - by Lukas Vermeer

  In a series of posts on this blog we have already described a flexible approach to recording events, a technique to create analytical models for reporting, a method that uses the same principles to generate extremely powerful facet based predictions and a waterfall strategy that can be used to blend multiple (possibly facet based) models for increased accuracy. This latest, and also last, addition to this sequence of increasing modeling complexity will illustrate an advanced approach to amalgamate models, taking us to a whole new level of predictive modeling and analytical insights; combination models predicting likelihoods using multiple child models. The method described here is far from trivial. We therefore would not recommend you apply these techniques in an initial implementation of Oracle Real-Time Decisions. In most cases, basic RTD models or the approaches described before will provide more than enough predictive accuracy and analytical insight. The following is intended as an example of how more advanced models could be constructed if implementation results warrant the increased implementation and design effort. Keep implemented statistics simple! Combining likelihoods Because facet based predictions are based on metadata attributes of the choices selected, it is possible to generate such predictions for more than one attribute of a choice. We can predict the likelihood of acceptance for a particular product based on the product category (e.g. ‘toys’), as well as based on the color of the product (e.g. ‘pink’). Of course, these two predictions may be completely different (the customer may well prefer toys, but dislike pink products) and we will have to somehow combine these two separate predictions to determine an overall likelihood of acceptance for the choice. Perhaps the simplest way to combine multiple predicted likelihoods into one is to calculate the average (or perhaps maximum or minimum) likelihood. However, this would completely forgo the fact that some facets may have a far more pronounced effect on the overall likelihood than others (e.g. customers may consider the product category more important than its color). We could opt for calculating some sort of weighted average, but this would require us to specify up front the relative importance of the different facets involved. This approach would also be unresponsive to changing consumer behavior in these preferences (e.g. product price bracket may become more important to consumers as a result of economic shifts). Preferably, we would want Oracle Real-Time Decisions to learn, act upon and tell us about, the correlations between the different facet models and the overall likelihood of acceptance. This additional level of predictive modeling, where a single supermodel (no pun intended) combines the output of several (facet based) models into a single prediction, is what we call a combined likelihood model. Facet Based Scores As an example, we have implemented three different facet based models (as described earlier) in a simple RTD inline service. These models will allow us to generate predictions for likelihood of acceptance for each product based on three different metadata fields: Category, Price Bracket and Product Color. We will use an Analytical Scores entity to store these different scores so we can easily pass them between different functions. A simple function, creatively named Compute Analytical Scores, will compute for each choice the different facet scores and return an Analytical Scores entity that is stored on the choice itself. For each score, a choice attribute referring to this entity is also added to be returned to the client to facilitate testing. One Offer To Predict Them All In order to combine the different facet based predictions into one single likelihood for each product, we will need a supermodel which can predict the likelihood of acceptance, based on the outcomes of the facet models. This model will not need to consider any of the attributes of the session, because they are already represented in the outcomes of the underlying facet models. For the same reason, the supermodel will not need to learn separately for each product, because the specific combination of facets for this product are also already represented in the output of the underlying models. In other words, instead of learning how session attributes influence acceptance of a particular product, we will learn how the outcomes of facet based models for a particular product influence acceptance at a higher level. We will therefore be using a single All Offers choice to represent all offers in our combined likelihood predictions. This choice has no attribute values configured, no scores and not a single eligibility rule; nor is it ever intended to be returned to a client. The All Offers choice is to be used exclusively by the Combined Likelihood Acceptance model to predict the likelihood of acceptance for all choices; based solely on the output of the facet based models defined earlier. The Switcheroo In Oracle Real-Time Decisions, models can only learn based on attributes stored on the session. Therefore, just before generating a combined prediction for a given choice, we will temporarily copy the facet based scores—stored on the choice earlier as an Analytical Scores entity—to the session. The code for the Predict Combined Likelihood Event function is outlined below. // set session attribute to contain facet based scores. // (this is the only input for the combined model) session().setAnalyticalScores(choice.getAnalyticalScores); // predict likelihood of acceptance for All Offers choice. CombinedLikelihoodChoice c = CombinedLikelihood.getChoice("AllOffers"); Double la = CombinedLikelihoodAcceptance.getChoiceEventLikelihoods(c, "Accepted"); // clear session attribute of facet based scores. session().setAnalyticalScores(null); // return likelihood. return la; This sleight of hand will allow the Combined Likelihood Acceptance model to predict the likelihood of acceptance for the All Offers choice using these choice specific scores. After the prediction is made, we will clear the Analytical Scores session attribute to ensure it does not pollute any of the other (facet) models. To guarantee our combined likelihood model will learn based on the facet based scores—and is not distracted by the other session attributes—we will configure the model to exclude any other inputs, save for the instance of the Analytical Scores session attribute, on the model attributes tab. Recording Events In order for the combined likelihood model to learn correctly, we must ensure that the Analytical Scores session attribute is set correctly at the moment RTD records any events related to a particular choice. We apply essentially the same switching technique as before in a Record Combined Likelihood Event function. // set session attribute to contain facet based scores // (this is the only input for the combined model). session().setAnalyticalScores(choice.getAnalyticalScores); // record input event against All Offers choice. CombinedLikelihood.getChoice("AllOffers").recordEvent(event); // force learn at this moment using the Internal Dock entry point. Application.getPredictor().learn(InternalLearn.modelArray, session(), session(), Application.currentTimeMillis()); // clear session attribute of facet based scores. session().setAnalyticalScores(null); In this example, Internal Learn is a special informant configured as the learn location for the combined likelihood model. The informant itself has no particular configuration and does nothing in itself; it is used only to force the model to learn at the exact instant we have set the Analytical Scores session attribute to the correct values. Reporting Results After running a few thousand (artificially skewed) simulated sessions on our ILS, the Decision Center reporting shows some interesting results. In this case, these results reflect perfectly the bias we ourselves had introduced in our tests. In practice, we would obviously use a wider range of customer attributes and expect to see some more unexpected outcomes. The facetted model for categories has clearly picked up on the that fact our simulated youngsters have little interest in purchasing the one red-hot vehicle our ILS had on offer. Also, it would seem that customer age is an excellent predictor for the acceptance of pink products. Looking at the key drivers for the All Offers choice we can see the relative importance of the different facets to the prediction of overall likelihood. The comparative importance of the category facet for overall prediction might, in part, be explained by the clear preference of younger customers for toys over other product types; as evident from the report on the predictiveness of customer age for offer category acceptance. Conclusion Oracle Real-Time Decisions' flexible decisioning framework allows for the construction of exceptionally elaborate prediction models that facilitate powerful targeting, but nonetheless provide insightful reporting. Although few customers will have a direct need for such a sophisticated solution architecture, it is encouraging to see that this lies within the realm of the possible with RTD; and this with limited configuration and customization required. There are obviously numerous other ways in which the predictive and reporting capabilities of Oracle Real-Time Decisions can be expanded upon to tailor to individual customers needs. We will not be able to elaborate on them all on this blog; and finding the right approach for any given problem is often more difficult than implementing the solution. Nevertheless, we hope that these last few posts have given you enough of an understanding of the power of the RTD framework and its models; so that you can take some of these ideas and improve upon your own strategy. As always, if you have any questions about the above—or any Oracle Real-Time Decisions design challenges you might face—please do not hesitate to contact us; via the comments below, social media or directly at Oracle. We are completely multi-channel and would be more than glad to help. :-)

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• ASP.NET MVC2 - Does Html.EnableClientValidation() work on the nested data model?

  - by warmcold

  I have seen the client side validation examples and videos on internet by using Html.EnableClientValidation(). But all target on the simple data model. Does the Html.EnableClientValidation() work on the nested data model like below? public class Person { public Name Name { get; set; } public string Gender { get; set; } } public class Name { public string First { get; set; } public string Last { get; set; } }

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• How to convert this query to a "django model query" ?

  - by fabriciols

  Hello ! What i want is simple : models : class userLastTrophy(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(userInfo) platinum = models.IntegerField() gold = models.IntegerField() silver = models.IntegerField() bronze = models.IntegerField() level = models.IntegerField() rank = models.IntegerField() perc_level = models.IntegerField() date_update = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, blank=True) total = models.IntegerField() points = models.IntegerField() class userTrophy(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(userInfo) platinum = models.IntegerField() gold = models.IntegerField() silver = models.IntegerField() bronze = models.IntegerField() total = models.IntegerField() level = models.IntegerField() perc_level = models.IntegerField() date_update = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, blank=True) rank = models.IntegerField(default=0) total = models.IntegerField(default=0) points = models.IntegerField(default=0) last_trophy = models.ForeignKey(userLastTrophy, default=0) I have this query : select t2.user_id as id, t2.platinum - t1.platinum as plat, t2.gold - t1.gold as gold, t2.silver - t1.silver as silver, t2.bronze - t1.bronze as bronze, t2.points - t1.points as points from myps3t_usertrophy t2, myps3t_userlasttrophy t1 where t1.id = t2.last_trophy_id order by points; how to do this with django models ?

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• Does Entity Framework 4 not support property automatic lazy loading for model-first entities?

  - by KallDrexx

  All references that I find for lazy loading say it's possible but they all mention POCOs and that's it. I am using EF4 with the model-first methodology. In my model diagram I have a Project table and a UserObject table, with a 1 to many relationship between them. However, in code, when I have a valid UserObject and I attempt to get the project performing: Project prj = userobj.Project. Unfortunately, this doesn't work as it claims that UserObject.Project is null. It seems like I have to explicitly load the Project object via calling UserObject.ProjectReference.Load() prior to calling .Project. Is there any way for this to occur automatically when I access the .Project property?

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• Validation firing in ASP.NET MVC

  - by rkrauter

  I am lost on this MVC project I am working on. I also read Brad Wilsons article. http://bradwilson.typepad.com/blog/2010/01/input-validation-vs-model-validation-in-aspnet-mvc.html I have this: public class Employee { [Required] public int ID { get; set; } [Required] public string FirstName { get; set; } [Required] public string LastName { get; set; } } and these in a controller: public ActionResult Edit(int id) { var emp = GetEmployee(); return View(emp); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(int id, Employee empBack) { var emp = GetEmployee(); if (TryUpdateModel(emp,new string[] { "LastName"})) { Response.Write("success"); } return View(emp); } public Employee GetEmployee() { return new Employee { FirstName = "Tom", LastName = "Jim", ID = 3 }; } and my view has the following: <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <%= Html.ValidationSummary() %> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.DisplayFor(model => model.FirstName) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxOrLabelFor(model => model.LastName, true)%> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName) %> </div> <p> <input type="submit" value="Save" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> Note that the only field editable is the LastName. When I postback, I get back the original employee and try to update it with only the LastName property. But but I see on the page is the following error: •The FirstName field is required. This from what I understand, is because the TryUpdateModel failed. But why? I told it to update only the LastName property. I am using MVC2 RTM Thanks in advance.

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• .NET Oracle Provider: Why will my stored proc not work?

  - by Matt

  I am using the Oracle .NET Provider and am calling a stored procedure in a package. The message I get back is "Wrong number or types in call". I have ensured that the order in which the parameters are being added are in the correct order and I have gone over the OracleDbType's thoroughly though I suspect that is where my problem is. Here is the code-behind: //setup intial stuff, connection and command string msg = string.Empty; string oraConnString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["OracleServer"].ConnectionString; OracleConnection oraConn = new OracleConnection(oraConnString); OracleCommand oraCmd = new OracleCommand("PK_MOVEMENT.INSERT_REC", oraConn); oraCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; try { //iterate the array //grab 3 items at a time and do db insert, continue until all items are gone. Will always be divisible by 3. for (int i = 0; i < theData.Length; i += 3) { //3 items hardcoded for now string millCenter = "0010260510"; string movementType = "RECEIPT"; string feedCode = null; string userID = "GRIMMETTM"; string inventoryType = "INGREDIENT"; //set to FINISHED for feed stuff string movementDate = theData[i + 0]; string ingCode = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Match(theData[i + 1], @"^([0-9]*)").ToString(); string pounds = theData[i + 2].Replace(",", ""); //setup parameters OracleParameter p1 = new OracleParameter("A_MILL_CENTER", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 10); p1.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p1.Value = millCenter; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p1); OracleParameter p2 = new OracleParameter("A_INGREDIENT_CODE", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 50); p2.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p2.Value = ingCode; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p2); OracleParameter p3 = new OracleParameter("A_FEED_CODE", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 30); p3.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p3.Value = feedCode; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p3); OracleParameter p4 = new OracleParameter("A_MOVEMENT_TYPE", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 10); p4.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p4.Value = movementType; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p4); OracleParameter p5 = new OracleParameter("A_MOVEMENT_DATE", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 10); p5.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p5.Value = movementDate; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p5); OracleParameter p6 = new OracleParameter("A_MOVEMENT_QTY", OracleDbType.Int64, 12); p6.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p6.Value = pounds; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p6); OracleParameter p7 = new OracleParameter("INVENTORY_TYPE", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 10); p7.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p7.Value = inventoryType; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p7); OracleParameter p8 = new OracleParameter("A_CREATE_USERID", OracleDbType.NVarchar2, 20); p8.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; p8.Value = userID; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p8); OracleParameter p9 = new OracleParameter("A_RETURN_VALUE", OracleDbType.Int32, 10); p9.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; oraCmd.Parameters.Add(p9); //open and execute oraConn.Open(); oraCmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); oraConn.Close(); } } catch (OracleException oraEx) { msg = "An error has occured in the database: " + oraEx.ToString(); } catch (Exception ex) { msg = "An error has occured: " + ex.ToString(); } finally { //close connection oraConn.Close(); } return msg;

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• How to pass EventArgument information from view to view model in WPF?

  - by Ashish Ashu

  I have ListView control in my application which is binded to the collection of CustomObject List<CustomObject. The CustomObject has seperate view. This ListView has seperate view model. The collection List _customobject is containted in the ListView ViewModel class. My Query: I want to invoke a view that show properties of custom object, when user double click on any row of ListView. The ListView double click command is binded to the ListViewDoublClick Command in the view model. The CustomObject is in the event argument of listview double click command. To acheive this I have to pass the custom object ( or an unique id property of custom object through which I can retrieve the custom object from the collection) as command parameter. Please suggest me the solution!!

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• How do you model roles / relationships with Domain Driven Design in mind?

  - by kitsune

  If I have three entities, Project, ProjectRole and Person, where a Person can be a member of different Projects and be in different Project Roles (such as "Project Lead", or "Project Member") - how would you model such a relationship? In the database, I currently have the following tablers: Project, Person, ProjectRole Project_Person with PersonId & ProjectId as PK and a ProjectRoleId as a FK Relationship. I'm really at a loss here since all domain models I come up with seem to break some "DDD" rule. Are there any 'standards' for this problem? I had a look at a Streamlined Object Modeling and there is an example what a Project and ProjectMember would look like, but AddProjectMember() in Project would call ProjectMember.AddProject(). So Project has a List of ProjectMembers, and each ProjectMember in return has a reference to the Project. Looks a bit convoluted to me. update After reading more about this subject, I will try the following: There are distinct roles, or better, model relationships, that are of a certain role type within my domain. For instance, ProjectMember is a distinct role that tells us something about the relationship a Person plays within a Project. It contains a ProjectMembershipType that tells us more about the Role it will play. I do know for certain that persons will have to play roles inside a project, so I will model that relationship. ProjectMembershipTypes can be created and modified. These can be "Project Leader", "Developer", "External Adviser", or something different. A person can have many roles inside a project, and these roles can start and end at a certain date. Such relationships are modeled by the class ProjectMember. public class ProjectMember : IRole { public virtual int ProjectMemberId { get; set; } public virtual ProjectMembershipType ProjectMembershipType { get; set; } public virtual Person Person { get; set; } public virtual Project Project { get; set; } public virtual DateTime From { get; set; } public virtual DateTime Thru { get; set; } // etc... } ProjectMembershipType: ie. "Project Manager", "Developer", "Adviser" public class ProjectMembershipType : IRoleType { public virtual int ProjectMembershipTypeId { get; set; } public virtual string Name { get; set; } public virtual string Description { get; set; } // etc... }

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• How to check for Model validation errors in asp.net mvc?

  - by Inez

  How to check from inside the View if there are any ModelState errors for specific key (key is the field key of the Model)

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• What happens if two COM classes each without a threading model are implemented in one in-proc COM se

  - by sharptooth

  Consider a situation. I have an in-proc COM server that contains two COM classes. Both classes are marked as "no threading model" in the registry - the "ThreadingModel" value is just absent. Both classes read/write the same set of global variable without any synchronization. As far as I know "no threading model" will enforce COM to disallow concurrent access to the same or different instances of the same class by different threads. Will COM prevent concurrent access to instances of the two abovementioned different classes? Do I need synchronization when accessing the global variables from two different COM classes in this situation?

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• How to show an animated spinner while a background task is processing in nested rails model using aj

  - by Globalkeith

  My specific example is highly complex, so I will use the example shown by Ryan from Railscasts to discuss this: http://railscasts.com/episodes/197-nested-model-form-part-2 Background I have a form, let's say "Survey", which contains an arbitrary number of "Questions". Senario Give i am on the "Edit Survey" page. I would like to add a button to each "Question" field which calls a remote_function, which in turn queue's up a delayed_job to execute some processing on the "Question". To give feedback to the user, i would like to disable the button, and show an animated spinner, which remains until the delayed_job has processed the "Question". Hint - I can add methods to the "Question" model to indicate the status of the delayed_job. So, with best practices in mind, what is the best way to achieve this?

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• How to determine the maximum integer the model can handle?

  - by John Mee

  "What is the biggest integer the model field that this application instance can handle?" We have sys.maxint, but I'm looking for the database+model instance. We have the IntegerField, the SmallIntegerField, the PositiveSmallIntegerField, and a couple of others beside. They could all vary between each other and each database type. I found the "IntegerRangeField" custom field example here on stackoverflow. Might have to use that, and guess the lowest common denominator? Or rethink the design I suppose. Is there an easy way to work out the biggest integer an IntegerField, or its variants, can cope with?

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• How do I determine that an instance of org.apache.poi.hwpf.model.ListData belongs to a numbered lis

  - by leighgordy

  Is there a way to determine if an instance of a org.apache.poi.hwpf.model.ListData belongs to a numbered list or bulleted list? I am using Apache Poi's org.apache.poi.hwpf.HWPFDocument class to read the contents of a word document in order to generate HTML. I can identify the list items in the document by checking to see that the paragraph I am working with is an instance of org.apache.poi.hwpf.model.ListData. I can not find a way to determine if ListData belongs to a bulleted list or a numbered list.

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• How to map hash keys to methods for an encapsulated Ruby class (tableless model)?

  - by user502052

  I am using Ruby on Rails 3 and I am tryng to map a hash (key, value pairs) to an encapsulated Ruby class (tableless model) making the hash key as a class method that returns the value. In the model file I have class Users::Account #< ActiveRecord::Base def initialize(attributes = {}) @id = attributes[:id] @firstname = attributes[:firstname] @lastname = attributes[:lastname] end end def self.to_model(account) JSON.parse(account) end My hash is hash = {\"id\":2,\"firstname\":\"Name_test\",\"lastname\":\"Surname_test\"} I can make account = Users::Account.to_model(hash) that returns (debugging) --- id: 2 firstname: Name_test lastname: Surname_test That works, but if I do account.id I get this error NoMethodError in Users/accountsController#new undefined method `id' for #<Hash:0x00000104cda410> I think because <Hash:0x00000104cda410> is an hash (!) and not the class itself. Also I think that doing account = Users::Account.to_model(hash) is not the right approach. What is wrong? How can I "map" those hash keys to class methods?

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• Is it possible to access a Silverlight control via the COM automation model?

  - by dlanod

  What I'm trying to attempt is to access methods on a Silverlight control via the COM automation model. Theoretically it should be possible, as exposing the Silverlight control's methods as scriptable members exposes them through an IDispatch interface. I have been able to access the IDispatch interface through the automation model correctly but when I attempt to call a method on the exposed interface via Invoke it crashes. I was wondering if anyone knew whether this was expected behaviour, i.e. I'm violating some basic sandboxing requirement, or whether this should work and it is just something in my implementation that needs correcting? Cheers.

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