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• Inserting into a bitstream

  - by evilertoaster

  I'm looking for a way to efficiently insert bits into a bitstream and have it 'overflow', padding with 0's. So for example if you had a byte array with 2 bytes: 231 and 109 (11100111 01101101), and did BitInsert(byteArray,4,00) it would insert two bits at bit offset 4 making 11100001 11011011 01000000 (225,219,24). It would be ok even the method only allowed 1 bit insertions e.g. BitInsert(byteArray,4,true) or BitInsert(byteArray,4,false). I have one method of doing it, but it has to walk the stream with a bitmask bit by bit, so I'm wondering if there's a simpler approach... Answers in assembly or a C derivative would be appreciated.

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• Https in java ends up with strange results

  - by Senne

  I'm trying to illustrate to students how https is used in java. But i have the feeling my example is not really the best out there... The code works well on my windows 7: I start the server, go to https://localhost:8080/somefile.txt and i get asked to trust the certificate, and all goes well. When I try over http (before or after accepting the certificate) I just get a blank page, which is ok for me. BUT when I try the exact same thing on my windows XP: Same thing, all goes well. But then (after accepting the certificate first), I'm also able to get all the the files through http! (if I first try http before https followed by accepting the certificate, I get no answer..) I tried refreshing, hard refreshing a million times but this should not be working, right? Is there something wrong in my code? I'm not sure if I use the right approach to implement https here... package Security; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.security.*; import javax.net.ssl.*; import com.sun.net.httpserver.*; public class HTTPSServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(8080); HttpsServer server = HttpsServer.create(addr, 0); try { System.out.println("\nInitializing context ...\n"); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS"); char[] password = "vwpolo".toCharArray(); ks.load(new FileInputStream("myKeys"), password); KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509"); kmf.init(ks, password); SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), null, null); // a HTTPS server must have a configurator for the SSL connections. server.setHttpsConfigurator (new HttpsConfigurator(sslContext) { // override configure to change default configuration. public void configure (HttpsParameters params) { try { // get SSL context for this configurator SSLContext c = getSSLContext(); // get the default settings for this SSL context SSLParameters sslparams = c.getDefaultSSLParameters(); // set parameters for the HTTPS connection. params.setNeedClientAuth(true); params.setSSLParameters(sslparams); System.out.println("SSL context created ...\n"); } catch(Exception e2) { System.out.println("Invalid parameter ...\n"); e2.printStackTrace(); } } }); } catch(Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } server.createContext("/", new MyHandler1()); server.setExecutor(Executors.newCachedThreadPool()); server.start(); System.out.println("Server is listening on port 8080 ...\n"); } } class MyHandler implements HttpHandler { public void handle(HttpExchange exchange) throws IOException { String requestMethod = exchange.getRequestMethod(); if (requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("GET")) { Headers responseHeaders = exchange.getResponseHeaders(); responseHeaders.set("Content-Type", "text/plain"); exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, 0); OutputStream responseBody = exchange.getResponseBody(); String response = "HTTP headers included in your request:\n\n"; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); Headers requestHeaders = exchange.getRequestHeaders(); Set<String> keySet = requestHeaders.keySet(); Iterator<String> iter = keySet.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { String key = iter.next(); List values = requestHeaders.get(key); response = key + " = " + values.toString() + "\n"; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); System.out.print(response); } response = "\nHTTP request body: "; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); InputStream requestBody = exchange.getRequestBody(); byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; if(requestBody.read(buffer) > 0) { responseBody.write(buffer); } else { responseBody.write("empty.".getBytes()); } URI requestURI = exchange.getRequestURI(); String file = requestURI.getPath().substring(1); response = "\n\nFile requested = " + file + "\n\n"; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); responseBody.flush(); System.out.print(response); Scanner source = new Scanner(new File(file)); String text; while (source.hasNext()) { text = source.nextLine() + "\n"; responseBody.write(text.getBytes()); } source.close(); responseBody.close(); exchange.close(); } } }

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• SHA-256 encryption wrong result in Android

  - by user642966

  I am trying to encrypt 12345 using 1111 as salt using SHA-256 encoding and the answer I get is: 010def5ed854d162aa19309479f3ca44dc7563232ff072d1c87bd85943d0e930 which is not same as the value returned by this site: http://hash.online-convert.com/sha256-generator Here's the code snippet: public String getHashValue(String entity, String salt){ byte[] hashValue = null; try { MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); digest.update(entity.getBytes("UTF-8")); digest.update(salt.getBytes("UTF-8")); hashValue = digest.digest(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { Log.i(TAG, "Exception "+e.getMessage()); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return BasicUtil.byteArrayToHexString(hashValue); } I have verified my printing method with a sample from SO and result is fine. Can someone tell me what's wrong here? And just to clarify - when I encrypt same value & salt in iOS code, the returned value is same as the value given by the converting site.

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• Translate from Java to C#: simple code to re-encode a string

  - by Dr. Zim

  We were sent this formula to encrypt a string written in Java: String myInput = "test1234"; MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA"); byte[] myD = md.digest(myInput.getBytes()); BASE64Encoder en64 = new BASE64Encoder(); String myOutput = new String ( Java.net.URLEncoder.encode( en64.encode(myD))); // myOutput becomes "F009U%2Bx99bVTGwS3cQdHf%2BJcpCo%3D" Our attempt at writing this in C# is: System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1 sha1 = new System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); string myOutput = HttpUtility.UrlEncode( Convert.ToBase64String( sha1.ComputeHash( ASCIIEncoding.Default.GetBytes(myInput)))); However the output is no where near the same. It doesn't even have percent signs in it. Any chance anyone would know where we are going wrong?

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• alternative to check, whether a value is in a set

  - by stanleyxu2005

  Hi All, I have the following code. It looks ugly, if the value equals to one of the following value then do something. var Value: Word; begin Value := 30000; if (Value = 30000) or (Value = 40000) or (Value = 1) then do_something; end; I want to refactor the code as follows: var Value: Word; begin Value := 30000; if (Value in [1, 30000, 40000]) then // Does not work do_something; end; However, the refactored code does not work. I assume that a valid set in Delphi accepts only elements with type byte. If there any good alternative to refactor my original code (besides using case)?

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• Optimize C# Code Fragment

  - by Eric J.

  I'm profiling some C# code. The method below is one of the most expensive ones. For the purpose of this question, assume that micro-optimization is the right thing to do. Is there an approach to improve performance of this method? Changing the input parameter to p to ulong[] would create a macro inefficiency. static ulong Fetch64(byte[] p, int ofs = 0) { unchecked { ulong result = p[0 + ofs] + ((ulong)p[1 + ofs] << 8) + ((ulong)p[2 + ofs] << 16) + ((ulong)p[3 + ofs] << 24) + ((ulong)p[4 + ofs] << 32) + ((ulong)p[5 + ofs] << 40) + ((ulong)p[6 + ofs] << 48) + ((ulong)p[7 + ofs] << 56); return result; } }

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• C#: how to update winform from thread?

  - by JackN

  A C# thread (Read()) causes System.NotSupportedException when it tries to update a winform based on received content. The full error message is Read() System.NotSupportedException: An error message cannot be displayed because an optional resource assembly containing it cannot be found at Microsoft.AGL.Common.MISC.HandelAr() at System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar._SetInfo() at System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar.set_Value() at ...ProcessStatus() at ...Read() The Build/Target Environment is: Microsoft.NET\SDK\CompactFramework\v2.0\WindowsCE. Is the problem writing to the ProgressBar from a Thread? If so, what is the correct C#/winforms method to update a ProgressBar from a Thread? In this application the Read() Thread is continuous: it is started when the application starts and runs forever. void ProcessStatus(byte[] status) { Status.Speed = status[5]; var Speed = Status.Speed/GEAR_RATIO; Status.Speed = (int) Speed; progressBarSpeed.Value = Status.Speed; ...

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• Which header files are necessary to run this code snippet?

  - by httpinterpret

  It's from here,but fails when compiling: int main(int argc, char **argv) { struct hostent { char *h_name; // main name char **h_aliases; // alternative names (aliases) int h_addrtype; // address type (usually AF_INET) int h_length; // length of address (in octets) char **h_addr_list; // alternate addresses (in Network Byte Order) }; #define h_addr h_addr_list[0] // First address of h_addr_list. struct hostent *info_stackoverflow; int i = 0; info_stackoverflow = gethostbyname( "www.stackoverflow.com" ); printf("The IP address of %s is %s", info_stackoverflow->h_name, inet_ntoa( * ((struct in_addr *)info_stackoverflow->h_addr ))); /* aliases */ while( *(pc_ip->h_aliases + i) != NULL ) { printf("\n\tAlias: %s", *(pc_ip->h_aliases + i) ); i++; } }

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• [C++] Wrong EOF when unzipping binary file

  - by djzmo

  Hello there, I tried to unzip a binary file to a membuf from a zip archive using Lucian Wischik's Zip Utils: http://www.wischik.com/lu/programmer/zip_utils.html http://www.codeproject.com/KB/files/zip_utils.aspx FindZipItem(hz, filename.c_str(), true, &j, &ze); char *content = new char[ze.unc_size]; UnzipItem(hz, j, content, ze.unc_size); delete[] content; But it didn't unzip the file correctly. It stopped at the first 0x00 of the file. For example when I unzip an MP3 file, it will only unzip the first 4 bytes: 0x49443303 (ID3\0) because the 5th to 8th byte is 0x00000000. I also tried to capture the ZR_RESULT, and it always return ZR_OK (which means completed without errors). I think this guy also had the same problem, but no one replied to his question: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/files/zip_utils.aspx?msg=2876222#xx2876222xx Any kind of help would be appreciated :)

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• File Encrypt/Decrypt under load?

  - by chopps

  I found an interesting article about encrypting and decrypting files but since it uses a file.dat to store the key this will run into problems when theres alot of users on the site dealing with alot of files. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/security/VernamEncryption.aspx?display=Print Should a new file be created every time a file needs decrypting or would there be a better way to do this? UPDATE: Here is what im using to avoid the locking problems. using (Mutex FileLock = new Mutex(true, System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString())) { try { FileLock.WaitOne(); using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(keyFile, FileMode.Open)) { keyBytes = new byte[fs.Length]; fs.Read(keyBytes, 0, keyBytes.Length); } } catch (Exception ex) { EventLog.LogEvent(ex); } finally { FileLock.ReleaseMutex(); } } I tested it on 1000 TIFFs doing both encryption and decryption without any errors.

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• C# socket blocking behavior

  - by Gearoid Murphy

  My situation is this : I have a C# tcp socket through which I receive structured messages consisting of a 3 byte header and a variable size payload. The tcp data is routed through a network of tunnels and is occasionally susceptible to fragmentation. The solution to this is to perform a blocking read of 3 bytes for the header and a blocking read of N bytes for the variable size payload (the value of N is in the header). The problem I'm experiencing is that occasionally, the blocking receive operation returns a partial packet. That is, it reads a volume of bytes less than the number I explicitly set in the receive call. After some debugging, it appears that the number of bytes it returns is equal to the number of bytes in the Available property of the socket before the receive op. This behavior is contrary to my expectation. If the socket is blocking and I explicitly set the number of bytes to receive, shouldn't the socket block until it recv's those bytes?, any help, pointers, etc would be much appreciated.

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• Maximum Possible File Name Length in Windows Kernel

  - by Lambert

  I was wondering, what is the longest possible name length allowed by the Windows kernel? E.g.: I know the kernel uses UNICODE_STRING structures to hold all object paths, and since the byte length of a wide-character string is stored inside a USHORT, that allows for a maximum path length of 2^15 - 1 characters. Is there a similar, hard restriction on a file name (rather than path)? (I don't care if NTFS or FAT32 imposes a particular restriction; I'm looking for the longest possible theoretically allowed name in the kernel, assuming no additional file system or shell restrictions.) (Edit: For those wondering why this even matters, consider that normally, traversing a directory is achieved by FindFirstFile/FindNextFile calls, one call per file. Given the function named NtQueryDirectoryFile, which is the underlying system call and which returns multiple file names per call, it's actually possible to take advantage of this maximum-length restriction on the path to make an extremely-fast directory traverser that uses solely the stack as a buffer. Now I'm trying to extend that concept, and I need to know the maximum size of a file name.)

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• How does Hibernate detect dirty state of an entity object?

  - by ???'Lenik

  Is it using some kind of byte codes modification to the original classes? Or, maybe Hibernate get the dirty state by compare the given object with previously persisted version? I'm having a problem with hashCode() and equals() methods for complicated objects. I feel it would be very slow to compute hash code if the object has collection members, and cyclic references are also a problem. If Hibernate won't use hashCode()/equals() to check the dirty state, I guess I should not use equals()/hashCode() for the entity object (not value object), but I'm also afraid if the same operator (==) is not enough. So, the questions are: How does Hibernate know if a property of an object is changed? Do you suggest to override the hashCode()/equals() methods for complicated objects? What if they contains cyclic references? And, also, Would hashCode()/equals() with only the id field be enough?

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• I have a problem with the following Java code

  - by Sanjeev

  public class b { public static void main(String[] args) { byte b = 1; long l = 127; // b = b + l; // 1 if I try this then it does not compile b += l; // 2 if I try this then it does compile System.out.println(b); } } I am using this code but I have problem: I don't understand why b=b+l; is not compiling but if I write b+=l; then it compiles and runs. Please explain why this happens.

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• the characters except 0x00-0x7F are not been shown when converted to "UTF-8" from "ISO-8859-1"

  - by Mike.Huang

  I need to get a string from URL request of brower, and then create a text image by requested text. I know the default encoding of the Java net transmission is "ISO-8859-1", it can works normally with all characters what defined in "ISO-8859-1". But when I request a multi-byte Unicode character (e.g. chinese or something like ¤?), then I need to decode it by "UTF-8" from "ISO-8859-1". My codes like: String reslut = new String(requestString.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8"); Everything is fine, but I found some characters in ISO-8859-1 are not been shown now, which characters are 0x80 - 0xFF(defined in" ISO-8859-1"), i.e. the characters except 0x00-0x7F are not been shown when converted to "UTF-8" from "ISO-8859-1" Any other method can solve this query?

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• Aes key length significance/implications

  - by cppdev

  Hi, I am using a AES algorithm in my application for encrypting plain text. I am trying to use a key which is a six digit number. But as per the AES spec, the key should be minimum sixteen bytes in length. I am planning to append leading zeros to my six digit number to make it a 16 byte and then use this as a key. Would it have any security implications ? I mean will it make my ciphertext more prone to attacks. Please help.

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• C# public partial struct methods for more System.Windows.Media.Color

  - by dr d b karron

  How can I put in additional methods for manipulating color ? Best would be to overload the struct System.Windows.Media.Color. It is NOT a class (in c#). Now i'm tinkering with putting (in the same file for testing or must i put it in a different file) an namespace (Silverlight Application36 or System.Windows.Media ?) and a partial struct Color Normalize (double R, ...). I should see MyColor.Normalize() start being recognized by intellisense ? I'm not. I'm looking to put in a suite of overloaded color manipulations using floating and double numbers instead of unsigned byte integers. Any hints while I wack at it ? Cheers! dr.K

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• Adobe Air: Read and Write MP3 or JPG from local directory and switch bytes

  - by Max

  I would like to make my local jpg and mp3 files kind of unreadable (without encoding) by just putting the first 100 bytes from the beginning of the file to the end and then saving the file with a .dat extension. I know I have to use the byte array but can't get it work. I would also need then a small function to read that file and put the 100bytes back to the front so that I can play/display the file. It would be great if you could post the whole function because I am quite new to Air so that I fully understand. Thank You!!!!

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• Haskell optimization of the following function

  - by me2

  Profiling of some code of mine showed that about 65% of the time I was running the following code. What it does is use the Data.Binary.Get monad to walk through a bytestring looking for the terminator. If it detects 0xff, it checks if the next byte is 0x00. If it is, it drops the 0x00 and continues. If it is not 0x00, then it drops both bytes and the resulting list of bytes is converted to a bytestring and returned. Any obvious ways to optimize this code? I can't see it. parseECS = f [] False where f acc ff = do b <- getWord8 if ff then if b == 0x00 then f (0xff:acc) False else return $ L.pack (reverse acc) else if b == 0xff then f acc True else f (b:acc) False

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• inet_ntoa problem

  - by codingfreak

  Hi I am declaring following variables unsigned long dstAddr; unsigned long gateWay; unsigned long mask; These variables contains ipaddresses in network byte order. So when I am trying to print them using inet_ntoa function for mask variable sometimes it is printing strange values printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t",inet_ntoa(dstAddr),inet_ntoa(gateWay),inet_ntoa(mask)); 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 but it should be 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 So is this because of inet_ntoa ??

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• unsetting application role in classic ASP

  - by user303526

  Hi, I'm trying to unset an application role but have been failing miserably. I was able to get the cookie value after setting (sp_setapprole) the application role. But I haven't been able to use that cookie (type varbinary / byte array) in my query to unset using sp_unsetapprole. If it was any other stored procedure it wouldn't have been a problem. I was able to use Command object and create a parameter which takes data type input of adVarBinary (204) and execute the command line.. but to the Server the query goes as below. exec sp_executesql N'sp_unsetapprole @P1 ',N'@P1 varbinary(36)',0x01000000CD11697F8F0ED3627BC1DAD25FB9CEB3A2EC5B289C658235E510CD9F29230000 Since sp_setapprole and sp_unsetapprole have to be run ad hoc, the sql server is failing to run this line. And I'm finding it hard to append varbinary cookie value to a simple query such as 'sp_unsetapprole ' & varKookie so it runs "directly" on to the server. Any kind of suggestions are welcome. Thanks, Nandagopal

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• What C# data types can be nullable types?

  - by Randy Minder

  Can someone give me a list, or point me to where I can find a list of C# data types that can be a nullable type? For example: I know that Nullable<int> is ok I know that Nullable<byte[]> is not. I'd like to know which types are nullable and which are not. BTW, I know I can test for this at runtime. However, this is for a code generator we're writing, so I don't have an actual type. I just know that a column is "string" or "int32" etc. Thanks.

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• Is there a concise way to create an InputSupplier for an InputStream in Google Guava?

  - by Fabian Steeg

  There are a few factory methods in Google Guava to create InputSuppliers, e.g. from a byte[]: ByteStreams.newInputStreamSupplier(bytes); Or from a File: Files.newInputStreamSupplier(file); Is there a similar way to to create an InputSupplier for a given InputStream? That is, a way that's more concise than an anonymous class: new InputSupplier<InputStream>() { public InputStream getInput() throws IOException { return inputStream; } }; Background: I'd like to use InputStreams with e.g. Files.copy(...) or ByteStreams.equal(...).

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• Why is conversion from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1 not the same in Windows and Linux?

  - by user1895307

  I have the following in code to convert from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1 in a jar file and when I execute this jar in Windows I get one result and in CentOS I get another. Might anyone know why? public static void main(String[] args) { try { String x = "Ä, ä, É, é, Ö, ö, Ãœ, ü, ß, «, »"; Charset utf8charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); Charset iso88591charset = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1"); ByteBuffer inputBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(x.getBytes()); CharBuffer data = utf8charset.decode(inputBuffer); ByteBuffer outputBuffer = iso88591charset.encode(data); byte[] outputData = outputBuffer.array(); String z = new String(outputData); System.out.println(z); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } In Windows, java -jar test.jar test.txt creates a file containing: Ä, ä, É, é, Ö, ö, Ü, ü, ß, «, » but in CentOS I get: ??, ä, ??, é, ??, ö, ??, ü, ??, «, » Help please!

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• java best way to transfer images

  - by d.raev

  I have a application that reads a PDF, transform the content to collection of TIF files, and send them to Glass Fish Server for saving. Usually there are 1-5 pages and it works nice, but when I got a input file with 100+ pages... it throws error on the transfer. Java heap space at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2786) at java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream.write(ByteArrayOutputStream.java:94) Putting more resources is not a good option in my case, so I m looking for a way to optimize it somehow. I store the data in: HashMap<TifProfile, List<byte[]> Is there a better way to store or send them ? EDIT I did some tests and the final collections for PDF with 80 pages has size over 280mb (240 tiffs with different settings inside)

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