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• Block Google requests to 16k using pf firewall

  - by atmosx

  I'd like to block access to Google search using PF after the threshold of 17500 requests (connection established) in 24h, from a host running FreeBSD 9. What I came up with, after reading pf-faq is this rule: pass out on $net proto tcp from any to 'www.google.com' port www flags S/SA keep state (max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400) NOTE: 86400 are 24h in seconds. The rule should work, but PF is smart enough to know that www.google.com resolves in 5 different IPs. So my pfctl -sr output gives me this: pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.81 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.82 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.83 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.80 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.84 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) PF creates 5 different rules, 1 for each IP that Google resolves. However I have the sense - without being 100% sure, I didn't had the chance to test it - that the number 17500/86400 applies for each IP. If that's the case - please confirm - then it's not what I want. In pf-faq there's another option called source-track-global: source-track This option enables the tracking of number of states created per source IP address. This option has two formats: + source-track rule - The maximum number of states created by this rule is limited by the rule's max-src-nodes and max-src-states options. Only state entries created by this particular rule count toward the rule's limits. + source-track global - The number of states created by all rules that use this option is limited. Each rule can specify different max-src-nodes and max-src-states options, however state entries created by any participating rule count towards each individual rule's limits. The total number of source IP addresses tracked globally can be controlled via the src-nodes runtime option. I tried to apply source-track-global in the above rule without success. How can I use this option in order to achieve my goal? Any thoughts or comments are more than welcome since I'm an amateur and don't fully understand PF yet. Thanks

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• What are the pros/cons of blocking a program from running in %appdata%, %temp%, etc.?

  - by poke

  While researching ways to prevent CryptoLocker, I saw a forum post that advised using Group Policy Objects (GPO) and/or antivirus software to block run access in the following locations: %appdata% %localappdata% %temp% %UserProfile% Compressed archives Obviously, anything written in a forum should be taken with caution. I do see advantages to do doing this, though, primarily because malware likes to execute out of these locations. Of course, this could impact legitimate programs as well. What are the drawbacks to blocking run access to these locations? What are the advantages?

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• What steps should I take to remove an employee from a linux server?

  - by user146059

  I was recently hired as the main developer of a small web company. It seems that I will be taking his place and I don't have much system admin experience. My non-technical bosses have instructed me to ensure that he will not be able to cause any damage to our system/database/application when he is gone. I know the basics of what needs to be done but was hoping to have a definitive list before it happens.

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• How do I access a shared folder using credentials other than the ones I logged in with?

  - by George Sealy

  I have a lab full of Windows 7 machines, and a shared login (user360) that all my students use. I also have a shared folder that they can all have read/write access to (for moving files around easily). My problem is that I also want to be able to create a shared folder for each student for submitting assignments. I can set up a shared folder with permissions for just a single user, and not the 'user360' account. The problem is, when I'm logged in as user360, and I try to open the 'StudentA', Windows never asks me for alternate credentials, it just refuses access because the user360 account is not allowed access. Can anyone suggest a fix for this?

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• How to set up a linux user that can only access a repository via ssh?

  - by GJ

  I have a mercurial repository on a secure server, to which I want to grant secure access to an external user. I added for him a user account and publickey ssh authentication so that now he could push/pull changesets via ssh. My question is: how can I make this new user account completely disabled from doing anything or accessing any data on the server other than accessing the repository? E.g. he shouldn't even have the possibility to enter an interactive shell session. Thanks

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• NTFS: Deny all permissions for all files, except where explicitly added

  - by Simon

  I'm running a sandboxed application as a local user. I now want to deny almost all file system permissions for this user to secure the system, except for a few working folders and some system DLLs (I'll call this set of files & directories X below). The sandbox user is not in any group. So it shouldn't have any permissions, right? Wrong, because all "Authenticated Users" are a member of the local "Users" group, and that group has access to almost everything. I thought about recursively adding deny ACL-entries to all files and directories and remove them manually from X. But this seems excessive. I also thought about removing "Authenticated Users" from the "Users" group. But I'm afraid of unintended side-effects. It's likely that other things rely on this. Is this correct? Are there better ways to do this? How would you limit the filesystem permissions of a (very) non-trustworthy account?

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• Audit success in event log from not administrator IP - is that immediately a hack success indicator?

  - by Valentin Kuzub

  I checked event log today and between mass of failed audit events I found some successes which originated from not my country. However they look a little weird and no process is specified, while when I logon using RDP it says winlogon.exe I am wondering whether that means my system was compromised or there are good variants and it doesnt mean its all that bad. I am using a VPS solution if thats useful.

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• Removing port forwardings programmatically on a ControlMaster SSH session

  - by aef

  Quite a while ago I got an answer telling me how to add a port-forwarding on a running SSH ControlMaster process. To know that helps a lot, but I'm still missing a way to remove such a port forwarding after I don't need that anymore. As far as I know, you can do that through the internal command key sequence on normal connections, this seems to be disabled for ControlMaster clients. Even if that would be possible I would need a solution which I can automatize with scripts, which is surely not so easy this way. Is there a way to do it? And is it easily automatizable?

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• Securing data sent to an unencrypted WiFi AP

  - by David Parunakian

  The business plan of a project I'm involved in assumes selling certain WiFi-enabled devices to end users. All these devices originally have an unencrypted connection and a standard SSID. The problem is that although the user can connect to it and set both a new SSID and a WPA passphrase, these are being sent to the AP in plain text and thus can be intercepted by anyone nearby with a sniffer. What's the best solution to this problem, and why? Initially set up an encrypted wireless network at the device and supply the user with a printed passphrase Buy an SSL certificate for the AP's default IP address or local domain name (the APs aren't supposed to work as a router and have a captive portal & dnsmasq installed, so all of them can pretend to be myunit.example.com, as far as I understand) Something different Thank you.

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• ESET Remote Administrator Console showing infected files on a client, but threat log is empty

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  We recently deployed ESET NOD32 Antivirus on our small domain network and use the Remote Adminstrator to manage everything remotely. On a recent full system scan, one of the clients shows 10 infected files of which 4 have been cleaned in the scan log. The strange thing, however, is that the threat log is empty. Is there any reason why the threat log is empty? What has happened to the 6 remaining uncleaned files? Where can I view information on what files are infected and what they have been infected with? I know this can be done through the scan log properties screen, but with 958790 files scanned, I obviously do not want to browse through this list. Any help is appreciated.

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• Password best practices

  - by pcampbell

  Given the recent events with a 'hacker' learning and retrying passwords from website administrators, what can we suggest to everyone about best practices when it comes to passwords? use unique passwords between sites (i.e. never re-use a password) words found in the dictionary are to be avoided consider using words or phrases from a non-English language use pass phrases and use the first letter of each word l33tifying doesn't help very much Please suggest more!

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• How can a Postfix/Dovecot(ssl)/Apache/Roundcube(non-ssl) setup leak email addresses?

  - by Jens Björnhager

  I have a linux box email server with Postfix as the MTA, Dovecot as the IMAP server and Apache with Roundcube as webmail. In my /etc/postfix/aliases I have just above a hundred different aliases which makes as many email addresses on my domain. I use one address per website so I easily can shut down spam infested addresses. During the half a year or so that I have had this setup, I have received 3 spam from 2 sources. As I know exactly where I entered this address, it should be easy to pinpoint email leaking websites and services. However, these sources are, according to me, not likely email sellers. And for one of them to sell my email twice? I contacted one of the sources and they are adamant that their system is tight. They suggested the possibility that it is my server that is doing the leaking. So, my question is: How likely is it that my box is leaking email addresses, and how? I don't store fully qualified email addresses anywhere in my system except in my maildir. I use SSL connection to IMAP I do not use https on webmail

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• Good low power server/pc for firewall?

  - by Sandra

  Hi, Does anyone know of a low power server/pc that have 2 NIC's, so it can be used for a (OpenBSD) firewall? Sandra

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• Good low power server/pc for firewall?

  - by Sandra

  Hi, Does anyone know of a low power server/pc that have 2 NIC's, so it can be used for a (OpenBSD) firewall? Sandra

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• Linux laptop encryption

  - by kaerast

  What are my options for encrypting the /home directories of my Ubuntu laptops? They are currently setup without any encryption and some have /home as a separate partition whilst others don't. Most of these laptops are single-user standalone laptops which are out on the road a lot. Is ecryptfs and the encrypted Private directory good enough or are there better, more secure, options? If somebody got hold of the laptop, how easy would it be for them to gain access to the encrypted files? Similar questions for encrypted lvm, truecrypt and any other solution I may not be aware of.

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• Securing a Windows Server 2008 R2 Public Web Server

  - by Denny Ferrassoli

  I'm setting up a public web server: Windows Server 2008 R2, IIS7.5. Does anyone have a tutorial / walkthrough / tips on properly securing a public web server? I've seen a few tutorials but mostly focused on Windows Server 2003. What I've done so far: Created a specific user account for the website / app pool, Renamed Admin account, Installed FTPS, Configured firewall to block any non-public service (web / https), Configured firewall to allow access to management interfaces only from specific IP addresses (rdp, IIS management, ftp) Maybe a few other things but can't remember at the moment... ICMP is allowed... Should I disable all except ping? Port scan reveals only web and https ports. Any other suggestions? Thanks

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• Identical traffic

  - by Walter White

  Hi all, I am running an application server and logging all requests for analysis purposes later. One interesting trend I noticed last night was, I had a visitor from Texas on FIOS share identical traffic with bluecoat in California. What would cause the traffic to be identical? For every request the visitor made, bluecoat made one subsequently within milliseconds of his request. If it is caching, why would there be identical requests? Wouldn't it go through the cache / proxy on their end, and I would only see the proxied request? I'm just curious, this is an interesting pattern that shows similarities of a DDoS attack, but with far fewer resources. Is it possible that the visitor had malware on their computer? Any other ideas? Walter

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• I found two usb sticks on the ground. Now what?

  - by Stefano Borini

  As from subject. I want to see what's inside. I am seriously interested in finding the owner if possible and returning them, but I am worried it could be an attempt at social engineering. I own a macbook intel with OSX 10.6. It is a very important install. What would you do in my situation if you want to see the content without risks ? Any proposal welcome. Edit: I decided not to plug them in, and I brought them to the hotel reception. They will forward it to the police.

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• OSSEC agent behind NAT

  - by Eric

  I am working on an OSSEC deployment where I will have multiple agents behind 1 public IP. Below is an example of the setup Private Network OSSEC-Agent1 (192.168.1.10) OSSEC-Agent2 (192.168.50.33) OSSEC-Agent3 (10.10.10.1) Those IPs NAT to 1 public IP (1.1.1.1) Then 1.1.1.1 talks to the public OSSEC server on 2.2.2.2 I've read some OSSEC documentation talking about NAT here, but it doesn't tell me exactly what I need to know. Their example is using an entire /24 subnet and mine will mainly have multiple agents to only 1 public IP. With the setup so far, I brought Agent1 online fine and it is communicating to the OSSEC server. However Agent2 continues to fail trying to connect to 2.2.2.2. Even though when I added the key, I had the correct name for it, so I know it talked to the portal at least once for that information. I'm assuming it's just getting confused with the multiple keys to 1 public IP. I basically want to know if this is possible and/or if I'm just overlooking something simple. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• "TCP Sweep" - What is it? How am I causing it?

  - by Stephen Melrose

  Hi there, I've just had an email from my hosting company telling me I'm in violation of their Acceptable Use Policy. They forwarded me an email from another company complaining about something to do with a "TCP sweep of port 22". They included a snippet from their logs, 20:29:43 <MY_SERVER_IP> 0.0.0.0 [TCP-SWEEP] (total=325,dp=22,min=212.1.191.0,max=212.1.191.255,Mar21-20:26:34,Mar21-20:26:34) (USI-amsxaid01) Now, my server knowledge is limited at best, and I've absolutely no idea what this is or what could be causing it. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you

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• copSHH how to restrict user from going back from there main root

  - by minus4

  I have installed SFTP on a windows servers using copSSH and all is good and it works well however you can go back from the main root. For example when i use C:\copSSH\home{username} as that user i can go back into copSSH and into them directories too. And I have a user setup to actually be C:\inetpub\wwwroot but that user can go into the system and everything i have this set as my path /cygdrive/c/inetpub/wwwroot It would be ideal if the user could only go forward from the start directory, rather than out and about there is no write ability but there is read and download....... thanks

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• Other user SSHed from my hardware

  - by Alex

  While logged into our HPC cluster I used w to check out who else was logged in. I happened to notice that it looks like there's another user logged in from my (personal) computer; 19:04:47 up 40 days, 6:39, 44 users, load average: 0.10, 0.14, 0.18 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT ME pts/4 zerg.neuron12. 18:55 0.00s 0.09s 0.04s w SOMEONE_ELSE pts/35 zerg.neuron12. Sat14 2:27m 0.08s 0.08s -bash Is this something I should be worried out - I tried to kill the other session but had a permission denied message. Is it possible we just both have the same hardware name? I'd have thought that if this were the case the server would give one of us a different name (e.g. zerg1) when we logged in to prevent confusion. This is not an area I have any experience with, so any advice would be greatly appreciated!

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• Certificate Authentication

  - by steve.mccall1

  Hi, I am currently working on deploying a website for staff to use remotely and would like to make sure it is secure. I was thinking would it be possible to set up some kind of certificate authentication where I would generate a certificate and install it on their laptop so they could access the website? I don't really want them to generate the certificates themselves though as that could easily go wrong. How easy / possible is this and how do I go about doing it? Thanks, Steve

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• Connect iPad to windows 7 VPN

  - by Linuz

  My iPad keeps spitting out the error: "A connection could not be established to the PPP server." I am trying to connect it to a VPN I set up with Windows 7 as an incoming connection. On the iPad, I went into the VPN settings, added a new PPTP VPN with the following information Server: Windows 7 Computer's IP RSA SecurID: OFF Account: Account Username Password: Account Password Encryption Level: Auto Send All Traffic: ON Proxy: Off Now I know that it is making some connection to the Windows 7 Computer because whenever I intentionally put in the wrong VPN password on the iPad, it makes me put in the correct one before trying to connect again. All the ports are forwarded on my router for PPTP, and my Windows 7 Firewall is even off to try to get this to work. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks.

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• Error message: do not have authority to access this function

  - by Ross

  Hi. I just reinstalled Windows on my computer after getting a virus. I worked with it for a while and everything worked as it should. I then used a backup of the computer that I had made a week or so earlier and copied the backup over my user folder. (That is, I took the folder named "Joe" from the backup drive and copied-replaced the whole thing over the folder named "Joe" on the new Windows install.) To do this I had to work from an Ubuntu live CD because some of the files were in use. Now the problem: After I did this copying my computer says that I have no authority. Anytime I try to access anything that is part of the operating system (Explorer, Personalize, Control Panel, etc) I get an error message that says I don't have the authority to do this. I am able to access things that aren't part of the OS: Chrome, Firefox, my accounting software, Rockbox, but nothing that is part of the OS. I only copied over the User file, so I didn't mess with the registry or anything, so I have no idea why this should be. Does anyone out in cyberspace have any idea? Thank you.

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