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• Ways to make (relatively) safe assumptions about the type of concrete subclasses?

  - by Kylotan

  I have an interface (defined as a abstract base class) that looks like this: class AbstractInterface { public: bool IsRelatedTo(const AbstractInterface& other) const = 0; } And I have an implementation of this (constructors etc omitted): class ConcreteThing { public: bool IsRelatedTo(const AbstractInterface& other) const { return m_ImplObject.has_relationship_to(other.m_ImplObject); } private: ImplementationObject m_ImplObject; } The AbstractInterface forms an interface in Project A, and the ConcreteThing lives in Project B as an implementation of that interface. This is so that code in Project A can access data from Project B without having a direct dependency on it - Project B just has to implement the correct interface. Obviously the line in the body of the IsRelatedTo function cannot compile - that instance of ConcreteThing has an m_ImplObject member, but it can't assume that all AbstractInterfaces do, including the other argument. In my system, I can actually assume that all implementations of AbstractInterface are instances of ConcreteThing (or subclasses thereof), but I'd prefer not to be casting the object to the concrete type in order to get at the private member, or encoding that assumption in a way that will crash without a diagnostic later if this assumption ceases to hold true. I cannot modify ImplementationObject, but I can modify AbstractInterface and ConcreteThing. I also cannot use the standard RTTI mechanism for checking a type prior to casting, or use dynamic_cast for a similar purpose. I have a feeling that I might be able to overload IsRelatedTo with a ConcreteThing argument, but I'm not sure how to call it via the base IsRelatedTo(AbstractInterface) method. It wouldn't get called automatically as it's not a strict reimplementation of that method. Is there a pattern for doing what I want here, allowing me to implement the IsRelatedTo function via ImplementationObject::has_relationship_to(ImplementationObject), without risky casts? (Also, I couldn't think of a good question title - please change it if you have a better one.)

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• Aliasing `T*` with `char*` is allowed. Is it also allowed the other way around?

  - by StackedCrooked

  Note: This question has been renamed and reduced to make it more focused and readable. Most of the comments refer to the old text. According to the standard objects of different type may not share the same memory location. So this would not be legal: int i = 0; short * s = reinterpret_cast<short*>(&i); // BAD! The standard however allows an exception to this rule: any object may be accessed through a pointer to char or unsigned char: int i = 0; char * c = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&i); // OK However, it is not clear to me if this is also allowed the other way around. For example: char * c = read_socket(...); unsigned * u = reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(c); // huh? Summary of the answers The answer is NO for two reasons: You an only access an existing object as char*. There is no object in my sample code, only a byte buffer. The pointer address may not have the right alignment for the target object. In that case dereferencing it would result in undefined behavior. On the Intel and AMD platforms it will result performance overhead. On ARM it will trigger a CPU trap and your program will be terminated! This is a simplified explanation. For more detailed information see answers by @Luc Danton, @Cheers and hth. - Alf and @David Rodríguez.

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• ARC and __unsafe_unretained

  - by J Shapiro

  I think I have a pretty good understanding of ARC and the proper use cases for selecting an appropriate lifetime qualifiers (__strong, __weak, __unsafe_unretained, and __autoreleasing). However, in my testing, I've found one example that doesn't make sense to me. As I understand it, both __weak and __unsafe_unretained do not add a retain count. Therefore, if there are no other __strong pointers to the object, it is instantly deallocated. The only difference in this process is that __weak pointers are set to nil, and __unsafe_unretained pointers are left alone. If I create a __weak pointer to a simple, custom object (composed of one NSString property), I see the expected (null) value when trying to access a property: Test * __weak myTest = [[Test alloc] init]; myTest.myVal = @"Hi!"; NSLog(@"Value: %@", myTest.myVal); // Prints Value: (null) Similarly, I would expect the __unsafe_unretained lifetime qualifier to cause a crash, due to the resulting dangling pointer. However, it doesn't. In this next test, I see the actual value: Test * __unsafe_unretained myTest = [[Test alloc] init]; myTest.myVal = @"Hi!"; NSLog(@"Value: %@", myTest.myVal); // Prints Value: Hi! Why doesn't the __unsafe_unretained object become deallocated?

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• In Java, can a final field be initialized from a constructor helper?

  - by csj

  I have a final non-static member: private final HashMap<String,String> myMap; I would like to initialize it using a method called by the constructor. Since myMap is final, my "helper" method is unable to initialize it directly. Of course I have options: I could implement the myMap initialization code directly in the constructor. MyConstructor (String someThingNecessary) { myMap = new HashMap<String,String>(); myMap.put("blah","blahblah"); // etc... // other initialization stuff unrelated to myMap } I could have my helper method build the HashMap, return it to the constructor, and have the constructor then assign the object to myMap. MyConstructor (String someThingNecessary) { myMap = InitializeMyMap(someThingNecessary); // other initialization stuff unrelated to myMap } private HashMap<String,String> InitializeMyMap(String someThingNecessary) { HashMap<String,String> initializedMap = new HashMap<String,String>(); initializedMap.put("blah","blahblah"); // etc... return initializedMap; } Method #2 is fine, however, I'm wondering if there's some way I could allow the helper method to directly manipulate myMap. Perhaps a modifier that indicates it can only be called by the constructor? MyConstructor (String someThingNecessary) { InitializeMyMap(someThingNecessary); // other initialization stuff unrelated to myMap } // helper doesn't work since it can't modify a final member private void InitializeMyMap(String someThingNecessary) { myMap = new HashMap<String,String>(); myMap.put("blah","blahblah"); // etc... }

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• is there a simple timed lock algorithm avoiding deadlock on multiple mutexes?

  - by Vicente Botet Escriba

  C++0x thread library or Boost.thread define a non-member variadic template function that locks all mutex at once that helps to avoid deadlock. template <class L1, class L2, class... L3> void lock(L1&, L2&, L3&...); The same can be applied to a non-member variadic template function try_lock_until, which locks all the mutex until a given time is reached that helps to avoid deadlock like lock(...). template <class Clock, class Duration, class L1, class L2, class... L3> void try_lock_until( const chrono::time_point<Clock,Duration>& abs_time, L1&, L2&, L3&...); I have an implementation that follows the same design as the Boost function boost::lock(...). But this is quite complex. As I can be missing something evident I wanted to know if: is there a simple timed lock algorithm avoiding deadlock on multiple mutexes? If no simple implementation exists, can this justify a proposal to Boost? P.S. Please avoid posting complex solutions.

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• Storing C++ templated objects as same type

  - by JaredC

  I have a class that is a core component of a performance sensitive code path, so I am trying to optimize it as much as possible. The class used to be: class Widget { Widget(int n) : N(n) {} .... member functions that use the constant value N .... const int N; // just initialized, will never change } The arguments to the constructor are known at compile time, so I have changed this class to a template, so that N can be compiled into the functions: template<int N> class Widget { .... member functions that use N .... } I have another class with a method: Widget & GetWidget(int index); However, after templating Widget, each widget has a different type so I cannot define the function like this anymore. I considered different inheritance options, but I'm not sure that the performance gain from the template would outweigh the cost of inherited function invocations. SO, my question is this: I am pretty sure I want the best of both worlds (compile-time / run-time), and it may not be possible. But, is there a way to gain the performance of knowing N at compile time, but still being able to return Widgets as the same type? Thanks!

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• Entities used to serialize data have changed. How can the serialized data be upgraded for the new entities?

  - by i8abug

  Hi, I have a bunch of simple entity instances that I have serialized to a file. In the future, I know that the structure of these entities (ie, maybe I will rename Name to Header or something). The thing is, I don't want to lose the data that I have saved in all these old files. What is the proper way to either load the data from the old entities into new entities upgrade the old files so that they can be used with new entities Note: I think I am stuck with binary serialization, not xml serialization. Thanks in advance! Edit: So I have an answer for the case I have described. I can use a dataContractSerializer and do something like [DataMember("bar")] private string foo; and change the name in the code and keep the same name that was used for serialization. But what about the following additional cases: The original entity has new members which can be serialized Some serialized members that were in the original entity are removed Some members have actually changed in function (suppose that the original class had a FirstName and LastName member and it has been refactored to have only a FullName member which combines the two) To handle these, I need some sort of interpreter/translator deserialization class but I have no idea what I should use

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• C++ Function pointers vs Switch

  - by Perfix

  What is faster: Function pointers or switch? The switch statement would have around 30 cases, consisting of enumarated unsigned ints from 0 to 30. I could do the following: class myType { FunctionEnum func; string argv[123]; int someOtherValue; }; // In another file: myType current; // Iterate through a vector containing lots of myTypes // ... for ( i=0; i < myVecSize; i ++ ) switch ( current.func ) { case 1: //... break; // ........ case 30: // blah break; } And go trough the switch with func every time. The good thing about switch would also be that my code is more organized than with 30 functions. Or I could do that (not so sure with that): class myType { myReturnType (*func); string argv[123]; int someOtherValue; }; I'd have 30 different functions then, at the beginning a pointer to one of them is assigned to myType. What is probably faster: Switch statement or function pointer? Calls per second: Around 10 million. I can't just test it out - that would require me to rewrite the whole thing. Currently using switch. I'm building an interpreter which I want to be faster than Python & Ruby - every clock cycle matters!

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• [Rails] Accessing error_messages on form_tag

  - by aaronrussell

  I have built a custom form for creating a joining model on a has_many :through relationship. The models look roughly like this: class Team has_many :team_members has_many :members, :through => :team_members end class Member has_many :team_members has_many :teams, :through => :team_members end class TeamMember belongs_to :team belongs_to :member # and this model has some validations too end The form I have built is for selecting which members should be in a team. I won't paste the form, but it uses the form_tag method and basically sends an array of hashes which contain a member_id and a squad_number. I then update the database with an action that looks roughly like this (simplified a bit, but you get the jist): @team.transaction do @team.team_members = params[:team_members].collect{|tm| @team.team_members.new(tm)} if @team.save redirect_to ... else render :action => :members end end Everything works great but I am validating the squad_number for uniqueness and numerically. So, when any of those validations fail, how do I get access to them in my view, and how do I ascertain which of the many members it has failed on?

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• Singleton pattern in C++

  - by skydoor

  I have a question about the singleton pattern. I saw two cases concerning the static member in the singleton class. First it is an object, like this class CMySingleton { public: static CMySingleton& Instance() { static CMySingleton singleton; return singleton; } // Other non-static member functions private: CMySingleton() {} // Private constructor ~CMySingleton() {} CMySingleton(const CMySingleton&); // Prevent copy-construction CMySingleton& operator=(const CMySingleton&); // Prevent assignment }; One is an pointer, like this class GlobalClass { int m_value; static GlobalClass *s_instance; GlobalClass(int v = 0) { m_value = v; } public: int get_value() { return m_value; } void set_value(int v) { m_value = v; } static GlobalClass *instance() { if (!s_instance) s_instance = new GlobalClass; return s_instance; } }; What's the difference between the two cases? Which one is correct?

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• How to know the type of an object in a list?

  - by nacho4d

  Hi, I want to know the type of object (or type) I have in my list so I wrote this: void **list; //list of references list = new void * [2]; Foo foo = Foo(); const char *not_table [] = {"tf", "ft", 0 }; list[0] = &foo; list[1] = not_table; if (dynamic_cast<LogicProcessor*>(list[0])) { //ERROR here ;( printf("Foo was found\n"); } if (dynamic_cast<char*> (list[0])) { //ERROR here ;( printf("char was found\n"); } but I get : error: cannot dynamic_cast '* list' (of type 'void*') to type 'class Foo*' (source is not a pointer to class) error: cannot dynamic_cast '* list' (of type 'void*') to type 'char*' (target is not pointer or reference to class) Why is this? what I am doing wrong here? Is dynamic_cast what I should use here? Thanks in advance EDIT: I know above code is much like plain C and surely sucks from the C++ point of view but is just I have the following situation and I was trying something before really implementing it: I have two arrays of length n but both arrays will never have an object at the same index. Hence, or I have array1[i]!=NULL or array2[i]!=NULL. This is obviously a waste of memory so I thought everything would be solved if I could have both kind of objects in a single array of length n. I am looking something like Cocoa's (Objective-C) NSArray where you don't care about the type of the object to be put in. Not knowing the type of the object is not a problem since you can use other method to get the class of a certain later. Is there something like it in c++ (preferably not third party C++ libraries) ? Thanks in advance ;)

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• Passing Data to Multi Threads

  - by alaamh

  I study this code from some book: #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> /* Parameters to print_function. */ struct char_print_parms { /* The character to print. */ char character; /* The number of times to print it. */ int count; }; /* Prints a number of characters to stderr, as given by PARAMETERS, which is a pointer to a struct char_print_parms. */ void* char_print(void* parameters) { /* Cast the cookie pointer to the right type. */ struct char_print_parms* p = (struct char_print_parms*) parameters; int i; for (i = 0; i < p->count; ++i) fputc(p->character, stderr); return NULL; } /* The main program. */ int main() { pthread_t thread1_id; pthread_t thread2_id; struct char_print_parms thread1_args; struct char_print_parms thread2_args; /* Create a new thread to print 30,000 ’x’s. */ thread1_args.character = 'x'; thread1_args.count = 30000; pthread_create(&thread1_id, NULL, &char_print, &thread1_args); /* Create a new thread to print 20,000 o’s. */ thread2_args.character = 'o'; thread2_args.count = 20000; pthread_create(&thread2_id, NULL, &char_print, &thread2_args); usleep(20); return 0; } after running this code, I see different result each time. and some time corrupted result. what is wrong and what the correct way to do that?

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• C++ const-reference semantics?

  - by Kristoffer

  Consider the sample application below. It demonstrates what I would call a flawed class design. #include <iostream> using namespace std; struct B { B() : m_value(1) {} long m_value; }; struct A { const B& GetB() const { return m_B; } void Foo(const B &b) { // assert(this != &b); m_B.m_value += b.m_value; m_B.m_value += b.m_value; } protected: B m_B; }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { A a; cout << "Original value: " << a.GetB().m_value << endl; cout << "Expected value: 3" << endl; a.Foo(a.GetB()); cout << "Actual value: " << a.GetB().m_value << endl; return 0; } Output: Original value: 1 Expected value: 3 Actual value: 4 Obviously, the programmer is fooled by the constness of b. By mistake b points to this, which yields the undesired behavior. My question: What const-rules should you follow when designing getters/setters? My suggestion: Never return a reference to a member variable if it can be set by reference through a member function. Hence, either return by value or pass parameters by value. (Modern compilers will optimize away the extra copy anyway.)

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• Dynamic Array of Objects Sans Vector Class

  - by Connor Black

  I am doing a homework assignment for my summer OO class and we need to write two classes. One is called Sale and the other is called Register. I've written my Sale class; here's the .h file: enum ItemType {BOOK, DVD, SOFTWARE, CREDIT}; class Sale { public: Sale(); // default constructor, // sets numerical member data to 0 void MakeSale(ItemType x, double amt); ItemType Item(); // Returns the type of item in the sale double Price(); // Returns the price of the sale double Tax(); // Returns the amount of tax on the sale double Total(); // Returns the total price of the sale void Display(); // outputs sale info private: double price; // price of item or amount of credit double tax; // amount of sales tax double total; // final price once tax is added in. ItemType item; // transaction type }; For the Register class we need to include a dynamic array of Sale objects in our member data. We cannot use the vector class. How is this done? Here's my 'Register' '.h' class Register{ public: Register(int ident, int amount); ~Register(); int GetID(){return identification;} int GetAmount(){return amountMoney;} void RingUpSale(ItemType item, int basePrice); void ShowLast(); void ShowAll(); void Cancel(); int SalesTax(int n); private: int identification; int amountMoney; };

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• cannot get FilesMatch and mod_rewrite working together

  - by neil

  Hello, I'm having a little difficulty with my .htaccess when combining a password protection on a file and a mod_rewrite: If I only have this as my .htaccess <FilesMatch "manage.php"> AuthName "Member Only" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/myuser/.htpasswd require valid-user </FilesMatch> It password protects manage.php fine. If I have this as my .htaccess RewriteEngine on RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|manage\.php|robots\.txt) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L,QSA] It works as expected: robots.txt, index.php and manage.php are left alone and are called as normal, everything else is redirected to index.php/$1 HOWEVER, If I combine them then when I visit manage.php it gets redirected as index.php/$1, i.e. the FilesMatch is causing the entry in rewritecond to be ignored. If I actually enter a password in the original test and get to the file, it works in this last test. So I guess something is up with the rewrite and the file match. i.e. entering this causes .\manage.php to be called as .\index.php\manage.php <FilesMatch "manage.php"> AuthName "Member Only" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/myuser/.htpasswd require valid-user </FilesMatch> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|manage\.php|robots\.txt) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L,QSA] Thanks for any help :)

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• Using an iterator without its container

  - by User1

  I am mixing some C and C++ libraries and have only a single pointer available to do some work in a callback function. All I need to do is iterate through a vector. Here's a simplified, untested example: bool call_back(void* data){ done=... if (!done) cout << *data++ << endl; return done; } Note that this function is in an extern "C" block in C++. call_back will be called until true is returned. I want it to cout the next element each time it's called. data is a pointer to something that I can pass from elsewhere in the code (an iterator in the above example, but can be anything). Something from data will likely be used to calculate done. I see two obvious options to give to data: Have data point to my vector. Have data point to an iterator of my vector. I can't use an iterator without having the .end() method available, right? I can't use a vector alone (unless maybe I start removing its data). I could make a struct with both vector and iterator, but is there a better way? What would you do?

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• How to debug properly and find causes for crashes?

  - by Newbie

  I dont know what to do anymore... its hopeless. I'm getting tired of guessing whats causing the crashes. Recently i noticed some opengl calls crashes programs randomly on some gfx cards. so i am getting really paranoid what can cause crashes now. The bad thing on this crash is that it crashes only after a long time of using the program, so i can only guess what is the problem. I cant remember what changes i made to the program that may cause the crashes, its been so long time. But luckily the previous version doesnt crash, so i could just copypaste some code and waste 10 hours to see at which point it starts crashing... i dont think i want to do that yet. The program crashes after i make it to process the same files about 5 times in a row, each time it uses about 200 megabytes of memory in the process. It crashes at random times while and after the reading process. I have createn a "safe" free() function, it checks the pointer if its not NULL, and then frees the memory, and then sets the pointer to NULL. Isn't this how it should be done? I watched the task manager memory usage, and just before it crashed it started to eat 2 times more memory than usual. Also the program loading became exponentially slower every time i loaded the files; first few loads didnt seem much slower from each other, but then it started rapidly doubling the load speeds. What should this tell me about the crash? Also, do i have to manually free the c++ vectors by using clear() ? Or are they freed after usage automatically, for example if i allocate vector inside a function, will it be freed every time the function has ended ? I am not storing pointers in the vector. -- Shortly: i want to learn to catch the damn bugs as fast as possible, how do i do that? Using Visual Studio 2008.

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• Variable Scoping in a method and its persistence in C++

  - by de costo

  Consider the following public method that adds an integer variable to a vector of ints(private member) in a class in C++. KoolMethod() { int x; x = 10; KoolList.Add(x); } Vector<int>KoolList; But is this a valid addition to a vector ??? Upon calling the method, it creates a local variable. The scope of this local variable ends the moment the execution control leaves the method. And since this local variable is allocated on a stack(on the method call), any member of KoolList points to an invalid memory location in deallocated stack which may or may not contain the expected value of x. Is this an accurate description of above mechanism ?? Is there a need for creating an int in heap storage using "new" operator everytime a value needs to be added to the vector like described below ????: KoolMethod() { int *x = new int(); *x = 10; KoolList.Add(x); } Vector<int*>KoolList;

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• Bizarre C++ compiler problem

  - by Yassin

  Hi, I have the following C++ code: typedef istream_iterator<string> isi; // (1) vector<string> lineas(isi(cin), isi()); // (2) //vector<string> lineas; //copy(isi(cin), isi(), back_inserter(lineas)); typedef vector<string>::iterator vci; for (vci it = lineas.begin(); it != lineas.end(); ++it) cout &lt;&lt; *it &lt;&lt; endl; However, I get the error while compiling: test.cpp: In function 'int main(int, char**)': test.cpp:16: error: request for member 'begin' in 'lineas', which is of non-class type 'std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >(main(int, char**)::isi, main(int, char**)::isi (*)())' test.cpp:16: error: request for member 'end' in 'lineas', which is of non-class type 'std::vector<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >(main(int, char**)::isi, main(int, char**)::isi (*)())' However, if I replace (1) by (2), it compiles. I'm using g++ 4.4.0 What's wrong?

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• C# language questions

  - by Water Cooler v2

  1) What is int? Is it any different from the struct System.Int32? I understand that the former is a C# alias (typedef or #define equivalant) for the CLR type System.Int32. Is this understanding correct? 2) When we say: IComparable x = 10; Is that like saying: IComparable x = new System.Int32(); But we can't new a struct, right? or in C like syntax: struct System.In32 *x; x=>someThing = 10; 3) What is String with a capitalized S? I see in Reflector that it is the sealed String class, which, of course, is a reference type, unlike the System.Int32 above, which is a value type. What is string, with an uncapitalized s, though? Is that also the C# alias for this class? Why can I not see the alias definitions in Reflector? 4) Try to follow me down this subtle train of thought, if you please. We know that a storage location of a particular type can only access properties and members on its interface. That means: Person p = new Customer(); p.Name = "Water Cooler v2"; // legal because as Name is defined on Person. but // illegal without an explicit cast even though the backing // store is a Customer, the storage location is of type // Person, which doesn't support the member/method being // accessed/called. p.GetTotalValueOfOrdersMade(); Now, with that inference, consider this scenario: int i = 10; // obvious System.object defines no member to // store an integer value or any other value in. // So, my question really is, when the integer is // boxed, what is the *type* it is actually boxed to. // In other words, what is the type that forms the // backing store on the heap, for this operation? object x = i;

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• on click submit button move itsplace

  - by Mayur

  Hi All, I m Using submit button for my form its work fine in all browser except ie7 when an user click on it it moved please suggest me what to do .confirm-button-submit { width : 79px; font : bold 12px sans-serif;; color : #000; background : url("../images/confirm-btn.png") 0 -33px no-repeat; text-decoration : none; margin-top :0px; text-align:center; border:0px; cursor : pointer; height:32px; padding : 8px 0px 12px 0px; } .confirm-button-submit:hover { width : 79px; font : bold 12px sans-serif;; color : #fff; background : url("../images/confirm-btn.png") 0 0 no-repeat; text-decoration : none; margin-top :0px; text-align:center; border:0px; cursor : pointer; height:32px; padding : 8px 0px 12px 0px; } i used this css please tell me what to do code: <input type="button" value="Show" name="commit" onclick="range_validation(this)" class="confirm-button-submit"/>`

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• Is this an error in "More Effective C++" in Item28?

  - by particle128

  I encountered a question when I was reading the item28 in More Effective C++ .In this item, the author shows to us that we can use member template in SmartPtr such that the SmartPtr<Cassette> can be converted to SmartPtr<MusicProduct>. The following code is not the same as in the book,but has the same effect. #include <iostream> class Base{}; class Derived:public Base{}; template<typename T> class smart{ public: smart(T* ptr):ptr(ptr){} template<typename U> operator smart<U>() { return smart<U>(ptr); } ~smart(){delete ptr;} private: T* ptr; }; void test(const smart<Base>& ) {} int main() { smart<Derived> sd(new Derived); test(sd); return 0; } It indeed can be compiled without compilation error. But when I ran the executable file, I got a core dump. I think that's because the member function of the conversion operator makes a temporary smart, which has a pointer to the same ptr in sd (its type is smart<Derived>). So the delete directive operates twice. What's more, after calling test, we can never use sd any more, since ptr in sd has already been delete. Now my questions are : Is my thought right? Or my code is not the same as the original code in the book? If my thought is right, is there any method to do this? Thanks very much for your help.

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• Accessing Application Scoped Bean Causes NullPointerException

  - by user2946861

  What is an Application Scoped Bean? I understand it to be a bean which will exist for the life of the application, but that doesn't appear to be the correct interpretation. I have an application which creates an application scoped bean on startup (eager=true) and then a session bean that tries to access the application scoped bean's objects (which are also application scoped). But when I try to access the application scoped bean from the session scoped bean, I get a null pointer exception. Here's excerpts from my code: Application Scoped Bean: @ManagedBean(eager=true) @ApplicationScoped public class Bean1 implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 12345L; protected ArrayList<App> apps; // construct apps so they are available for the session scoped bean // do time consuming stuff... // getters + setters Session Scoped Bean: @ManagedBean @SessionScoped public class Bean2 implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 123L; @Inject private Bean1 bean1; private ArrayList<App> apps = bean1.getApps(); // null pointer exception What appears to be happening is, Bean1 is created, does it's stuff, then is destroyed before Bean2 can access it. I was hoping using application scoped would keep Bean1 around until the container was shutdown, or the application was killed, but this doesn't appear to be the case.

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• The cross-thread usage of "HttpContext.Current" property and related things

  - by smwikipedia

  I read from < Essential ASP.NET with Examples in C# the following statement: Another useful property to know about is the static Current property of the HttpContext class. This property always points to the current instance of the HttpContext class for the request being serviced. This can be convenient if you are writing helper classes that will be used from pages or other pipeline classes and may need to access the context for whatever reason. By using the static Current property to retrieve the context, you can avoid passing a reference to it to helper classes. For example, the class shown in Listing 4-1 uses the Current property of the context to access the QueryString and print something to the current response buffer. Note that for this static property to be correctly initialized, the caller must be executing on the original request thread, so if you have spawned additional threads to perform work during a request, you must take care to provide access to the context class yourself. I am wondering about the root cause of the bold part, and one thing leads to another, here is my thoughts: We know that a process can have multiple threads. Each of these threads have their own stacks, respectively. These threads also have access to a shared memory area, the heap. The stack then, as I understand it, is kind of where all the context for that thread is stored. For a thread to access something in the heap it must use a pointer, and the pointer is stored on its stack. So when we make some cross-thread calls, we must make sure that all the necessary context info is passed from the caller thread's stack to the callee thread's stack. But I am not quite sure if I made any mistake. Any comments will be deeply appreciated. Thanks. ADD Here the stack is limited to user stack.

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• Best method to cache objects in PHP?

  - by Martin Bean

  Hi, I'm currently developing a large site that handles user registrations. A social networking website for argument's sake. However, I've noticed a lag in page loads and deciphered that it is the creation of objects on pages that's slowing things down. For example, I have a Member object, that when instantiated with an ID passed as a construct parameter, it queries the database for that members' row in the members database table. Not bad, but this is created each time a page is loaded; and called more than once when say, calling an array of that particular members' friends, as a new Member object is created for each friend. So on a single page I can have upwards of seven of the same object, but containing different properties. What I'm wanting to do is to find a way to reduce the database load, and to allow persist objects between page loads. For example, the logged in user's object to be created on login (which I can do) but then stored somewhere for retrieval so I don't have to keep re-creating the object between page loads. What is the best solution for this? I've had a look at Memcache, but with it being a third-party module I can't have the web host install it on this occasion. What are my alternatives, and/or best practices in my case? Thanks in advance.

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