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• Thread locking issue with FileHelpers between calling engine.ReadNext() method and readign engine.Li

  - by Rad

  I use producer/consumer pattern with FileHelpers library to import data from one file (which can be huge) using multiple threads. Each thread is supposed to import a chunk of that file and I would like to use LineNumber property of the FileHelperAsyncEngine instance that is reading the file as primary key for imported rows. FileHelperAsyncEngine internally has an IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator(); which is iterated over using engine.ReadNext() method. That internally sets LineNumber property (which seems is not thread safe). Consumers will have Producers assiciated with them that will supply DataTables to Consumers which will consume them via SqlBulkLoad class which will use IDataReader implementation which will iterate over a collection of DataTables which are internal to a Consumer instance. Each instance of will have one SqlBulkCopy instance associate with it. I have thread locking issue. Below is how I create multiple Producer threads. I start each thread afterwords. Produce method on a producer instance will be called determining which chunk of input file will be processed. It seems that engine.LineNumber is not thread safe and I doesn't import a proper LineNumber in the database. It seems that by the time engine.LineNumber is read some other thread called engine.ReadNext() and changed engine.LineNumber property. I don't want to lock the loop that is supposed to process a chunk of input file because I loose parallelism. How to reorganize the code to solve this threading issue? Thanks Rad for (int i = 0; i < numberOfProducerThreads; i++) DataConsumer consumer = dataConsumers[i]; //create a new producer DataProducer producer = new DataProducer(); //consumer has already being created consumer.Subscribe(producer); FileHelperAsyncEngine orderDetailEngine = new FileHelperAsyncEngine(recordType); orderDetailEngine.Options.RecordCondition.Condition = RecordCondition.ExcludeIfBegins; orderDetailEngine.Options.RecordCondition.Selector = STR_ORDR; int skipLines = i * numberOfBufferTablesToProcess * DataBuffer.MaxBufferRowCount; Thread newThread = new Thread(() => { producer.Produce(consumer, inputFilePath, lineNumberFieldName, dict, orderDetailEngine, skipLines, numberOfBufferTablesToProcess); consumer.SetEndOfData(producer); }); producerThreads.Add(newThread); thread.Start();} public void Produce(DataConsumer consumer, string inputFilePath, string lineNumberFieldName, Dictionary<string, object> dict, FileHelperAsyncEngine engine, int skipLines, int numberOfBufferTablesToProcess) { lock (this) { engine.Options.IgnoreFirstLines = skipLines; engine.BeginReadFile(inputFilePath); } int rowCount = 1; DataTable buffer = consumer.BufferDataTable; while (engine.ReadNext() != null) { lock (this) { dict[lineNumberFieldName] = engine.LineNumber; buffer.Rows.Add(ObjectFieldsDataRowMapper.MapObjectFieldsToDataRow(engine.LastRecord, dict, buffer)); if (rowCount % DataBuffer.MaxBufferRowCount == 0) { consumer.AddBufferDataTable(buffer); buffer = consumer.BufferDataTable; } if (rowCount % (numberOfBufferTablesToProcess * DataBuffer.MaxBufferRowCount) == 0) { break; } rowCount++; } } if (buffer.Rows.Count > 0) { consumer.AddBufferDataTable(buffer); } engine.Close(); }

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• model binding of non-sequential arrays

  - by user281180

  I am having a table in which i`m dynamically creating and deleting rows. How can I change the code such that the rows be added and deleted and the model info property filled accordingly. Bearing in mind that the rows can be dynamically created and deleted, I may have Info[0], Inf0[3], info[4]... My objective is to be able to bind the array even if it`s not in sequence. Model public class Person { public int[] Size { get; set; } public string[] Name { get; set; } public Info[]info { get; set; } } public class Info { public string Address { get; set; } public string Tel { get; set; } View <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(function () { var count = 1; $('#AddSize').live('click', function () { $("#divSize").append('</br><input type="text" id="Size" name="Size" value=""/><input type = "button" id="AddSize" value="Add"/>'); }); $('#AddName').live('click', function () { $("#divName").append('</br><input type="text" id="Name" name="Name" value=""/><input type = "button" id="AddName" value="Add"/>'); }); $('#AddRow').live('click', function () { $('#details').append('<tr><td>Address</td><td> <input type="text" name="Info[' + count + '].Address"/></td><td>Tel</td><td><input type="text" name="Info[' + count++ + '].Tel"/></td> <td><input type="button" id="AddRow" value="Add"/> </td></tr>'); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <form id="closeForm" action="<%=Url.Action("Create",new{Action="Create"}) %>" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <div id="divSize"> <input type="text" name="Size" value=""/> <input type="button" value="Add" id="AddSize" /> </div> <div id="divName"> <input type="text" name="Name" value=""/> <input type="button" value="Add" id="AddName" /> </div> <div id="Tab"> <table id="details"> <tr><td>Address</td><td> <input type="text" name="Info[0].Address"/></td><td>Tel</td><td><input type="text" name="Info[0].Tel"/></td> <td><input type="button" id="AddRow" value="Add"/> </td></tr> </table> </div> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> </body> } Controller public ActionResult Create(Person person) { return new EmptyResult(); }

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• How to select table column names in a view and pass to controller in rails?

  - by zachd1_618

  So I am new to Rails, and OO programming in general. I have some grasp of the MVC architecture. My goal is to make a (nearly) completely dynamic plug-and-play plotting web server. I am fairly confused with params, forms, and select helpers. What I want to do is use Rails drop downs to basically pass parameters as strings to my controller, which will use the params to select certain column data from my database and plot it dynamically. I have the latter part of the task working, but I can't seem to pass values from my view to controller. For simplicity's sake, say my database schema looks like this: --------------Plot--------------- |____x____|____y1____|____y2____| | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 3 | 3 | 9 | | 4 | 4 | 16 | | 5 | 5 | 25 | ... and in my Model, I have dynamic selector scopes that will let me select just certain columns of data: in Plot.rb class Plot < ActiveRecord::Base scope :select_var, lambda {|varname| select(varname)} scope :between_x, lambda {|x1,x2| where("x BETWEEN ? and ?","#{x1}","#{x2}")} So this way, I can call: irb>>@p1 = Plot.select_var(['x','y1']).between_x(1,3) and get in return a class where @p1.x and @p1.y1 are my only attributes, only for values between x=1 to x=4, which I dynamically plot. I want to start off in a view (plot/index), where I can dynamically select which variable names (table column names), and which rows from the database to fetch and plot. The problem is, most select helpers don't seem to work with columns in the database, only rows. So to select columns, I first get an array of column names that exist in my database with a function I wrote. Plots Controller def index d=Plot.first @tags = d.list_vars end So @tags = ['x','y1','y2'] Then in my plot/index.html.erb I try to use a drop down to select wich variables I send back to the controller. index.html.erb <%= select_tag( :variable, options_for_select(@plots.first.list_vars,:name,:multiple=>:true) )%> <%= button_to 'Plot now!', :controller =>"plots/plot_vars", :variable => params[:variable]%> Finally, in the controller again Plots controller ... def plot_vars @plot_data=Plot.select_vars([params[:variable]]) end The problem is everytime I try this (or one of a hundred variations thereof), the params[:variable] is nill. How can I use a drop down to pass a parameter with string variable names to the controller? Sorry its so long, I have been struggling with this for about a month now. :-( I think my biggest problem is that this setup doesn't really match the Rails architecture. I don't have "users" and "articles" as individual entities. I really have a data structure, not a data object. Trying to work with the structure in terms of data object speak is not necessarily the easiest thing to do I think. For background: My actual database has about 250 columns and a couple million rows, and they get changed and modified from time to time. I know I can make the database smarter, but its not worth it on my end. I work at a scientific institute where there are a ton of projects with databases just like this. Each one has a web developer that spends months setting up a web interface and their own janky plotting setups. I want to make this completely dynamic, as a plug-and-play solution so all you have to do is specify your database connection, and this rails setup will automatically show and plot which data you want in it. I am more of a sequential programmer and number cruncher, as are many people here. I think this project could be very helpful in the end, but its difficult to figure out for me right now.

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• Programmatically adding an object and selecting the correspondig row does not make it become the CurrentRow

  - by Robert

  I'm in a struggle with the DataGridView: I do have a BindingList of some simple objects that implement INotifyPropertyChanged. The DataGridView's datasource is set to this BindingList. Now I need to add an object to the list by hitting the "+" key. When an object is added, it should appear as a new row and it shall become the current row. As the CurrentRow-property is readonly, I iterate through all rows, check if its bound item is the newly created object, and if it is, I set this row to "Selected = true;" The problem: although the new object and thereby a new row gets inserted and selected in the DataGridView, it still is not the CurrentRow! It does not become the CurrentRow unless I do a mouse click into this new row. In this test program you can add new objects (and thereby rows) with the "+" key, and with the "i" key the data-bound object of the CurrentRow is shown in a MessageBox. How can I make a newly added object become the CurrentObject? Thanks for your help! Here's the sample: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class Form1 : Form { BindingList<item> myItems; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); myItems = new BindingList<item>(); for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { myItems.Add(new item(i)); } dataGridView1.DataSource = myItems; } public void Form1_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { if (e.KeyCode == Keys.Add) { addItem(); } } public void addItem() { item i = new item(myItems.Count + 1); myItems.Add(i); foreach (DataGridViewRow dr in dataGridView1.Rows) { if (dr.DataBoundItem == i) { dr.Selected = true; } } } private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { addItem(); } private void dataGridView1_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { if (e.KeyCode == Keys.Add) { addItem(); } if (e.KeyCode == Keys.I) { MessageBox.Show(((item)dataGridView1.CurrentRow.DataBoundItem).title); } } } public class item : INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private int _id; public int id { get { return _id; } set { this.title = "This is item number " + value.ToString(); _id = value; InvokePropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("id")); } } private string _title; public string title { get { return _title; } set { _title = value; InvokePropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("title")); } } public item(int id) { this.id = id; } #region Implementation of INotifyPropertyChanged public void InvokePropertyChanged(PropertyChangedEventArgs e) { PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged; if (handler != null) handler(this, e); } #endregion } }

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• Keeping video viewing statistics breakdown by video time in a database

  - by Septagram

  I need to keep a number of statistics about the videos being watched, and one of them is what parts of the video are being watched most. The design I came up with is to split the video into 256 intervals and keep the floating-point number of views for each of them. I receive the data as a number of intervals the user watched continuously. The problem is how to store them. There are two solutions I see. Row per every video segment Let's have a database table like this: CREATE TABLE `video_heatmap` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `video_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `position` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `views` float NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `idx_lookup` (`video_id`,`position`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM Then, whenever we have to process a number of views, make sure there are the respective database rows and add appropriate values to the views column. I found out it's a lot faster if the existence of rows is taken care of first (SELECT COUNT(*) of rows for a given video and INSERT IGNORE if they are lacking), and then a number of update queries is used like this: UPDATE video_heatmap SET views = views + ? WHERE video_id = ? AND position >= ? AND position < ? This seems, however, a little bloated. The other solution I came up with is Row per video, update in transactions A table will look (sort of) like this: CREATE TABLE video ( id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, heatmap BINARY (4 * 256) NOT NULL, ... ) ENGINE=InnoDB Then, upon every time a view needs to be stored, it will be done in a transaction with consistent snapshot, in a sequence like this: If the video doesn't exist in the database, it is created. A row is retrieved, heatmap, an array of floats stored in the binary form, is converted into a form more friendly for processing (in PHP). Values in the array are increased appropriately and the array is converted back. Row is changed via UPDATE query. So far the advantages can be summed up like this: First approach Stores data as floats, not as some magical binary array. Doesn't require transaction support, so doesn't require InnoDB, and we're using MyISAM for everything at the moment, so there won't be any need to mix storage engines. (only applies in my specific situation) Doesn't require a transaction WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT. I don't know what are the performance penalties of those. I already implemented it and it works. (only applies in my specific situation) Second approach Is using a lot less storage space (the first approach is storing video ID 256 times and stores position for every segment of the video, not to mention primary key). Should scale better, because of InnoDB's per-row locking as opposed to MyISAM's table locking. Might generally work faster because there are a lot less requests being made. Easier to implement in code (although the other one is already implemented). So, what should I do? If it wasn't for the rest of our system using MyISAM consistently, I'd go with the second approach, but currently I'm leaning to the first one. But maybe there are some reasons to favour one approach or another?

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• Delete one row in html table marqued by a check box with javascript

  - by kawtousse

  Hi everyone, I build dynamically my HTML table from database like that: for(i=0;i< nomCols.length;i++) { retour.append(("<td bgcolor=#0066CC>")+ nomCols[i] + "</td>"); } retour.append("</tr>"); retour.append("<tr>"); try { s= HibernateUtil.currentSession(); tx=s.beginTransaction(); Query query = s.createQuery(HQL_QUERY); // inner join projecttasks.ProjectTypeCode as projects");// inner join projecttasks.taskCode as task inner join projects.projectCode as wa;"); for(Iterator it=query.iterate();it.hasNext();) { if(it.hasNext()){ Dailytimesheet object=(Dailytimesheet)it.next(); retour.append("<td><input type=checkbox name=cb id=cb /> </td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getTrackingDate() + "</td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getActivity() + "</td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getProjectCode() + "</td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getWAName() + "</td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getTaskCode() +"</td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getTimeSpent() + "</td>"); retour.append("<td>" +object.getPercentTaskComplete() + "</td>"); } retour.append("</tr>"); } //terminer la table. retour.append (""); tx.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { retour.append ("</table><H1>ERREUR:</H1>" +e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } return retour; } so I want that all check boxes having the same id. When trying to delete one row in my table witch have the check box checked i found a problem with that. Iam using simple javascript like this: function DeleteARow() { //var Rows = document.getElementById('sheet').getElementsByTagName('tr'); //var RowsCount = Rows.length; //alert('Your table has ' + RowsCount + ' rows.'); if (document.getElementById('cb').checked==true) { document.getElementById('cb').parentNode('td').parentNode('tr').remove(); }} It doesn't work approperly and only the first row have the id 'cb'. Many thanks for your help.

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• New Skool Crosstabbing

  - by Tim Dexter

  A while back I spoke about having to go back to BIP's original crosstabbing solution to achieve a certain layout. Hok Min has provided a 'man' page for the new crosstab/pivot builder for 10.1.3.4.1 users. This will make the documentation drop but for now, get it here! The old, hand method is still available but this new approach, is more efficient and flexible. That said you may need to get into the crosstab code to tweak it where the crosstab dialog can not help. I had to do this, this week but more on that later. The following explains how the crosstab wizard builds the crosstab and what the fields inside the resulting template structure are there for. To create the crosstab a new XDO command "<?crosstab:...?>" has been created. XDO Command: <?crosstab: ctvarname; data-element; rows; columns; measures; aggregation?> Parameter Description Example Ctvarname Crosstab variable name. This is automatically generated by the Add-in. C123 data-element This is the XML data element that contains the data. "//ROW" Rows This contains a list of XML elements for row headers. The ordering information is specified within "{" and "}". The first attribute is the sort element. Leaving it blank means the sort element is the same as the row header element. The attribute "o" means order. Its value can be "a" for ascending, or "d" for descending. The attribute "t" means type. Its value can be "t" for text, and "n" for numeric. There can be more than one sort elements, example: "emp-full-name {emp-lastname,o=a,t=n}{emp-firstname,o=a,t=n}. This will sort employee by last name and first name. "Region{,o=a,t=t}, District{,o=a,t=t}" In the example, the first row header is "Region". It is sort by "Region", order is ascending, and type is text. The second row header is "District". It is sort by "District", order is ascending, and type is text. Columns This contains a list of XML elements for columns headers. The ordering information is specified within "{" and "}". The first attribute is the sort element. Leaving it blank means the sort element is the same as the column header element. The attribute "o" means order. Its value can be "a" for ascending, or "d" for descending. The attribute "t" means type. Its value can be "t" for text, and "n" for numeric. There can be more than one sort elements, example: "emp-full-name {emp-lastname,o=a,t=n}{emp-firstname,o=a,t=n}. This will sort employee by last name and first name. "ProductsBrand{,o=a,t=t}, PeriodYear{,o=a,t=t}" In the example, the first column header is "ProductsBrand". It is sort by "ProductsBrand", order is ascending, and type is text. The second column header is "PeriodYear". It is sort by "District", order is ascending, and type is text. Measures This contains a list of XML elements for measures. "Revenue, PrevRevenue" Aggregation The aggregation function name. Currently, we only support "sum". "sum" Using the Oracle BI Publisher Template Builder for Word add-in, we are able to construct the following Pivot Table: The generated XDO command for this Pivot Table is as follow: <?crosstab:c547; "//ROW";"Region{,o=a,t=t}, District{,o=a,t=t}"; "ProductsBrand{,o=a,t=t},PeriodYear{,o=a,t=t}"; "Revenue, PrevRevenue";"sum"?> Running the command on the give XML data files generates this XML file "cttree.xml". Each XPath in the "cttree.xml" is described in the following table. Element XPath Count Description C0 /cttree/C0 1 This contains elements which are related to column. C1 /cttree/C0/C1 4 The first level column "ProductsBrand". There are four distinct values. They are shown in the label H element. CS /cttree/C0/C1/CS 4 The column-span value. It is used to format the crosstab table. H /cttree/C0/C1/H 4 The column header label. There are four distinct values "Enterprise", "Magicolor", "McCloskey" and "Valspar". T1 /cttree/C0/C1/T1 4 The sum for measure 1, which is Revenue. T2 /cttree/C0/C1/T2 4 The sum for measure 2, which is PrevRevenue. C2 /cttree/C0/C1/C2 8 The first level column "PeriodYear", which is the second group-by key. There are two distinct values "2001" and "2002". H /cttree/C0/C1/C2/H 8 The column header label. There are two distinct values "2001" and "2002". Since it is under C1, therefore the total number of entries is 4 x 2 => 8. T1 /cttree/C0/C1/C2/T1 8 The sum for measure 1 "Revenue". T2 /cttree/C0/C1/C2/T2 8 The sum for measure 2 "PrevRevenue". M0 /cttree/M0 1 This contains elements which are related to measures. M1 /cttree/M0/M1 1 This contains summary for measure 1. H /cttree/M0/M1/H 1 The measure 1 label, which is "Revenue". T /cttree/M0/M1/T 1 The sum of measure 1 for the entire xpath from "//ROW". M2 /cttree/M0/M2 1 This contains summary for measure 2. H /cttree/M0/M2/H 1 The measure 2 label, which is "PrevRevenue". T /cttree/M0/M2/T 1 The sum of measure 2 for the entire xpath from "//ROW". R0 /cttree/R0 1 This contains elements which are related to row. R1 /cttree/R0/R1 4 The first level row "Region". There are four distinct values, they are shown in the label H element. H /cttree/R0/R1/H 4 This is row header label for "Region". There are four distinct values "CENTRAL REGION", "EASTERN REGION", "SOUTHERN REGION" and "WESTERN REGION". RS /cttree/R0/R1/RS 4 The row-span value. It is used to format the crosstab table. T1 /cttree/R0/R1/T1 4 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue" for each distinct "Region" value. T2 /cttree/R0/R1/T2 4 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue" for each distinct "Region" value. R1C1 /cttree/R0/R1/R1C1 16 This contains elements from combining R1 and C1. There are 4 distinct values for "Region", and four distinct values for "ProductsBrand". Therefore, the combination is 4 X 4 è 16. T1 /cttree/R0/R1/R1C1/T1 16 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue" for each combination of "Region" and "ProductsBrand". T2 /cttree/R0/R1/R1C1/T2 16 The sum of measure 2 "PrevRevenue" for each combination of "Region" and "ProductsBrand". R1C2 /cttree/R0/R1/R1C1/R1C2 32 This contains elements from combining R1, C1 and C2. There are 4 distinct values for "Region", and four distinct values for "ProductsBrand", and two distinct values of "PeriodYear". Therefore, the combination is 4 X 4 X 2 è 32. T1 /cttree/R0/R1/R1C1/R1C2/T1 32 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue" for each combination of "Region", "ProductsBrand" and "PeriodYear". T2 /cttree/R0/R1/R1C1/R1C2/T2 32 The sum of measure 2 "PrevRevenue" for each combination of "Region", "ProductsBrand" and "PeriodYear". R2 /cttree/R0/R1/R2 18 This contains elements from combining R1 "Region" and R2 "District". Since the list of values in R2 has dependency on R1, therefore the number of entries is not just a simple multiplication. H /cttree/R0/R1/R2/H 18 The row header label for R2 "District". R1N /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R1N 18 The R2 position number within R1. This is used to check if it is the last row, and draw table border accordingly. T1 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/T1 18 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue" for each combination "Region" and "District". T2 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/T2 18 The sum of measure 2 "PrevRevenue" for each combination of "Region" and "District". R2C1 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R2C1 72 This contains elements from combining R1, R2 and C1. T1 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R2C1/T1 72 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue" for each combination of "Region", "District" and "ProductsBrand". T2 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R2C1/T2 72 The sum of measure 2 "PrevRevenue" for each combination of "Region", "District" and "ProductsBrand". R2C2 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R2C1/R2C2 144 This contains elements from combining R1, R2, C1 and C2, which gives the finest level of details. M1 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R2C1/R2C2/M1 144 The sum of measure 1 "Revenue". M2 /cttree/R0/R1/R2/R2C1/R2C2/M2 144 The sum of measure 2 "PrevRevenue". Lots to read and digest I know! Customization One new feature I discovered this week is the ability to show one column and sort by another. I had a data set that was extracting month abbreviations, we wanted to show the months across the top and some row headers to the side. As you may know XSL is not great with dates, especially recognising month names. It just wants to sort them alphabetically, so Apr comes before Jan, etc. A way around this is to generate a month number alongside the month and use that to sort. We can do that in the crosstab, sadly its not exposed in the UI yet but its doable. Go back up and take a look a the initial crosstab command. especially the Rows and Columns entries. In there you will find the sort criteria. "ProductsBrand{,o=a,t=t}, PeriodYear{,o=a,t=t}" Notice those leading commas inside the curly braces? Because there is no field preceding them it means that the crosstab should sort on the column before the brace ie PeriodYear. But you can insert another column in the data set to sort by. To get my sort working how I needed. <?crosstab:c794;"current-group()";"_Fund_Type_._Fund_Type_Display_{_Fund_Type_._Fund_Type_Sort_,o=a,t=n}";"_Fiscal_Period__Amount__._Amt_Fm_Disp_Abbr_{_Fiscal_Period__Amount__._Amt_Fiscal_Month_Sort_,o=a,t=n}";"_Execution_Facts_._Amt_";"sum"?> Excuse the horribly verbose XML tags, good ol BIEE :0) The emboldened columns are not in the crosstab but are in the data set. I just opened up the field, dropped them in and changed the type(t) value to be 'n', for number, instead of the default 'a' and my crosstab started sorting how I wanted it. If you find other tips and tricks, please share in the comments.

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• SQL Spatial: Getting “nearest” calculations working properly

  - by Rob Farley

  If you’ve ever done spatial work with SQL Server, I hope you’ve come across the ‘nearest’ problem. You have five thousand stores around the world, and you want to identify the one that’s closest to a particular place. Maybe you want the store closest to the LobsterPot office in Adelaide, at -34.925806, 138.605073. Or our new US office, at 42.524929, -87.858244. Or maybe both! You know how to do this. You don’t want to use an aggregate MIN or MAX, because you want the whole row, telling you which store it is. You want to use TOP, and if you want to find the closest store for multiple locations, you use APPLY. Let’s do this (but I’m going to use addresses in AdventureWorks2012, as I don’t have a list of stores). Oh, and before I do, let’s make sure we have a spatial index in place. I’m going to use the default options. CREATE SPATIAL INDEX spin_Address ON Person.Address(SpatialLocation); And my actual query: WITH MyLocations AS (SELECT * FROM (VALUES ('LobsterPot Adelaide', geography::Point(-34.925806, 138.605073, 4326)),                        ('LobsterPot USA', geography::Point(42.524929, -87.858244, 4326))                ) t (Name, Geo)) SELECT l.Name, a.AddressLine1, a.City, s.Name AS [State], c.Name AS Country FROM MyLocations AS l CROSS APPLY (     SELECT TOP (1) *     FROM Person.Address AS ad     ORDER BY l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation)     ) AS a JOIN Person.StateProvince AS s     ON s.StateProvinceID = a.StateProvinceID JOIN Person.CountryRegion AS c     ON c.CountryRegionCode = s.CountryRegionCode ; Great! This is definitely working. I know both those City locations, even if the AddressLine1s don’t quite ring a bell. I’m sure I’ll be able to find them next time I’m in the area. But of course what I’m concerned about from a querying perspective is what’s happened behind the scenes – the execution plan. This isn’t pretty. It’s not using my index. It’s sucking every row out of the Address table TWICE (which sucks), and then it’s sorting them by the distance to find the smallest one. It’s not pretty, and it takes a while. Mind you, I do like the fact that it saw an indexed view it could use for the State and Country details – that’s pretty neat. But yeah – users of my nifty website aren’t going to like how long that query takes. The frustrating thing is that I know that I can use the index to find locations that are within a particular distance of my locations quite easily, and Microsoft recommends this for solving the ‘nearest’ problem, as described at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ff929109.aspx. Now, in the first example on this page, it says that the query there will use the spatial index. But when I run it on my machine, it does nothing of the sort. I’m not particularly impressed. But what we see here is that parallelism has kicked in. In my scenario, it’s split the data up into 4 threads, but it’s still slow, and not using my index. It’s disappointing. But I can persuade it with hints! If I tell it to FORCESEEK, or use my index, or even turn off the parallelism with MAXDOP 1, then I get the index being used, and it’s a thing of beauty! Part of the plan is here: It’s massive, and it’s ugly, and it uses a TVF… but it’s quick. The way it works is to hook into the GeodeticTessellation function, which is essentially finds where the point is, and works out through the spatial index cells that surround it. This then provides a framework to be able to see into the spatial index for the items we want. You can read more about it at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb895265.aspx#tessellation – including a bunch of pretty diagrams. One of those times when we have a much more complex-looking plan, but just because of the good that’s going on. This tessellation stuff was introduced in SQL Server 2012. But my query isn’t using it. When I try to use the FORCESEEK hint on the Person.Address table, I get the friendly error: Msg 8622, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Query processor could not produce a query plan because of the hints defined in this query. Resubmit the query without specifying any hints and without using SET FORCEPLAN. And I’m almost tempted to just give up and move back to the old method of checking increasingly large circles around my location. After all, I can even leverage multiple OUTER APPLY clauses just like I did in my recent Lookup post. WITH MyLocations AS (SELECT * FROM (VALUES ('LobsterPot Adelaide', geography::Point(-34.925806, 138.605073, 4326)),                        ('LobsterPot USA', geography::Point(42.524929, -87.858244, 4326))                ) t (Name, Geo)) SELECT     l.Name,     COALESCE(a1.AddressLine1,a2.AddressLine1,a3.AddressLine1),     COALESCE(a1.City,a2.City,a3.City),     s.Name AS [State],     c.Name AS Country FROM MyLocations AS l OUTER APPLY (     SELECT TOP (1) *     FROM Person.Address AS ad     WHERE l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation) < 1000     ORDER BY l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation)     ) AS a1 OUTER APPLY (     SELECT TOP (1) *     FROM Person.Address AS ad     WHERE l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation) < 5000     AND a1.AddressID IS NULL     ORDER BY l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation)     ) AS a2 OUTER APPLY (     SELECT TOP (1) *     FROM Person.Address AS ad     WHERE l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation) < 20000     AND a2.AddressID IS NULL     ORDER BY l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation)     ) AS a3 JOIN Person.StateProvince AS s     ON s.StateProvinceID = COALESCE(a1.StateProvinceID,a2.StateProvinceID,a3.StateProvinceID) JOIN Person.CountryRegion AS c     ON c.CountryRegionCode = s.CountryRegionCode ; But this isn’t friendly-looking at all, and I’d use the method recommended by Isaac Kunen, who uses a table of numbers for the expanding circles. It feels old-school though, when I’m dealing with SQL 2012 (and later) versions. So why isn’t my query doing what it’s supposed to? Remember the query... WITH MyLocations AS (SELECT * FROM (VALUES ('LobsterPot Adelaide', geography::Point(-34.925806, 138.605073, 4326)),                        ('LobsterPot USA', geography::Point(42.524929, -87.858244, 4326))                ) t (Name, Geo)) SELECT l.Name, a.AddressLine1, a.City, s.Name AS [State], c.Name AS Country FROM MyLocations AS l CROSS APPLY (     SELECT TOP (1) *     FROM Person.Address AS ad     ORDER BY l.Geo.STDistance(ad.SpatialLocation)     ) AS a JOIN Person.StateProvince AS s     ON s.StateProvinceID = a.StateProvinceID JOIN Person.CountryRegion AS c     ON c.CountryRegionCode = s.CountryRegionCode ; Well, I just wasn’t reading http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff929109.aspx properly. The following requirements must be met for a Nearest Neighbor query to use a spatial index: A spatial index must be present on one of the spatial columns and the STDistance() method must use that column in the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses. The TOP clause cannot contain a PERCENT statement. The WHERE clause must contain a STDistance() method. If there are multiple predicates in the WHERE clause then the predicate containing STDistance() method must be connected by an AND conjunction to the other predicates. The STDistance() method cannot be in an optional part of the WHERE clause. The first expression in the ORDER BY clause must use the STDistance() method. Sort order for the first STDistance() expression in the ORDER BY clause must be ASC. All the rows for which STDistance returns NULL must be filtered out. Let’s start from the top. 1. Needs a spatial index on one of the columns that’s in the STDistance call. Yup, got the index. 2. No ‘PERCENT’. Yeah, I don’t have that. 3. The WHERE clause needs to use STDistance(). Ok, but I’m not filtering, so that should be fine. 4. Yeah, I don’t have multiple predicates. 5. The first expression in the ORDER BY is my distance, that’s fine. 6. Sort order is ASC, because otherwise we’d be starting with the ones that are furthest away, and that’s tricky. 7. All the rows for which STDistance returns NULL must be filtered out. But I don’t have any NULL values, so that shouldn’t affect me either. ...but something’s wrong. I do actually need to satisfy #3. And I do need to make sure #7 is being handled properly, because there are some situations (eg, differing SRIDs) where STDistance can return NULL. It says so at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb933808.aspx – “STDistance() always returns null if the spatial reference IDs (SRIDs) of the geography instances do not match.” So if I simply make sure that I’m filtering out the rows that return NULL… …then it’s blindingly fast, I get the right results, and I’ve got the complex-but-brilliant plan that I wanted. It just wasn’t overly intuitive, despite being documented. @rob_farley

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• EM12c Release 4: Cloud Control to Major Tom...

  - by abulloch

  With the latest release of Enterprise Manager 12c, Release 4 (12.1.0.4) the EM development team has added new functionality to assist the EM Administrator to monitor the health of the EM infrastructure.   Taking feedback delivered from customers directly and through customer advisory boards some nice enhancements have been made to the “Manage Cloud Control” sections of the UI, commonly known in the EM community as “the MTM pages” (MTM stands for Monitor the Monitor).  This part of the EM Cloud Control UI is viewed by many as the mission control for EM Administrators. In this post we’ll highlight some of the new information that’s on display in these redesigned pages and explain how the information they present can help EM administrators identify potential bottlenecks or issues with the EM infrastructure. The first page we’ll take a look at is the newly designed Repository information page.  You can get to this from the main Setup menu, through Manage Cloud Control, then Repository.  Once this page loads you’ll see the new layout that includes 3 tabs containing more drill-down information. The Repository Tab The first tab, Repository, gives you a series of 6 panels or regions on screen that display key information that the EM Administrator needs to review from time to time to ensure that their infrastructure is in good health. Rather than go through every panel let’s call out a few and let you explore the others later yourself on your own EM site.  Firstly, we have the Repository Details panel. At a glance the EM Administrator can see the current version of the EM repository database and more critically, three important elements of information relating to availability and reliability :- Is the database in Archive Log mode ? Is the database using Flashback ? When was the last database backup taken ? In this test environment above the answers are not too worrying, however, Production environments should have at least Archivelog mode enabled, Flashback is a nice feature to enable prior to upgrades (for fast rollback) and all Production sites should have a backup.  In this case the backup information in the Control file indicates there’s been no recorded backups taken. The next region of interest to note on this page shows key information around the Repository configuration, specifically, the initialisation parameters (from the spfile). If you’re storing your EM Repository in a Cluster Database you can view the parameters on each individual instance using the Instance Name drop-down selector in the top right of the region. Additionally, you’ll note there is now a check performed on the active configuration to ensure that you’re using, at the very least, Oracle minimum recommended values.  Should the values in your EM Repository not meet these requirements it will be flagged in this table with a red X for non-compliance.  You can of-course change these values within EM by selecting the Database target and modifying the parameters in the spfile (and optionally, the run-time values if the parameter allows dynamic changes). The last region to call out on this page before moving on is the new look Repository Scheduler Job Status region. This region is an update of a similar region seen on previous releases of the MTM pages in Cloud Control but there’s some important new functionality that’s been added that customers have requested. First-up - Restarting Repository Jobs.  As you can see from the graphic, you can now optionally select a job (by selecting the row in the UI table element) and click on the Restart Job button to take care of any jobs which have stopped or stalled for any reason.  Previously this needed to be done at the command line using EMDIAG or through a PL/SQL package invocation.  You can now take care of this directly from within the UI. Next, you’ll see that a feature has been added to allow the EM administrator to customise the run-time for some of the background jobs that run in the Repository.  We heard from some customers that ensuring these jobs don’t clash with Production backups, etc is a key requirement.  This new functionality allows you to select the pencil icon to edit the schedule time for these more resource intensive background jobs and modify the schedule to avoid clashes like this. Moving onto the next tab, let’s select the Metrics tab. The Metrics Tab There’s some big changes here, this page contains new information regions that help the Administrator understand the direct impact the in-bound metric flows are having on the EM Repository.  Many customers have provided feedback that they are in the dark about the impact of adding new targets or large numbers of new hosts or new target types into EM and the impact this has on the Repository.  This page helps the EM Administrator get to grips with this.  Let’s take a quick look at two regions on this page. First-up there’s a bubble chart showing a comprehensive view of the top resource consumers of metric data, over the last 30 days, charted as the number of rows loaded against the number of collections for the metric.  The size of the bubble indicates a relative volume.  You can see from this example above that a quick glance shows that Host metrics are the largest inbound flow into the repository when measured by number of rows.  Closely following behind this though are a large number of collections for Oracle Weblogic Server and Application Deployment.  Taken together the Host Collections is around 0.7Mb of data.  The total information collection for Weblogic Server and Application Deployments is 0.38Mb and 0.37Mb respectively. If you want to get this information breakdown on the volume of data collected simply hover over the bubble in the chart and you’ll get a floating tooltip showing the information. Clicking on any bubble in the chart takes you one level deeper into a drill-down of the Metric collection. Doing this reveals the individual metric elements for these target types and again shows a representation of the relative cost - in terms of Number of Rows, Number of Collections and Storage cost of data for each Metric type. Looking at another panel on this page we can see a different view on this data. This view shows a view of the Top N metrics (the drop down allows you to select 10, 15 or 20) and sort them by volume of data.  In the case above we can see the largest metric collection (by volume) in this case (over the last 30 days) is the information about OS Registered Software on a Host target. Taken together, these two regions provide a powerful tool for the EM Administrator to understand the potential impact of any new targets that have been discovered and promoted into management by EM12c.  It’s a great tool for identifying the cause of a sudden increase in Repository storage consumption or Redo log and Archive log generation. Using the information on this page EM Administrators can take action to mitigate any load impact by deploying monitoring templates to the targets causing most load if appropriate.   The last tab we’ll look at on this page is the Schema tab. The Schema Tab Selecting this tab brings up a window onto the SYSMAN schema with a focus on Space usage in the EM Repository.  Understanding what tablespaces are growing, at what rate, is essential information for the EM Administrator to stay on top of managing space allocations for the EM Repository so that it works as efficiently as possible and performs well for the users.  Not least because ensuring storage is managed well ensures continued availability of EM for monitoring purposes. The first region to highlight here shows the trend of space usage for the tablespaces in the EM Repository over time.  You can see the upward trend here showing that storage in the EM Repository is being consumed on an upward trend over the last few days here. This is normal as this EM being used here is brand new with Agents being added daily to bring targets into monitoring.  If your Enterprise Manager configuration has reached a steady state over a period of time where the number of new inbound targets is relatively small, the metric collection settings are fairly uniform and standardised (using Templates and Template Collections) you’re likely to see a trend of space allocation that plateau’s. The table below the trend chart shows the Top 20 Tables/Indexes sorted descending by order of space consumed.  You can switch the trend view chart and corresponding detail table by choosing a different tablespace in the EM Repository using the drop-down picker on the top right of this region. The last region to highlight on this page is the region showing information about the Purge policies in effect in the EM Repository. This information is useful to illustrate to EM Administrators the default purge policies in effect for the different categories of information available in the EM Repository.  Of course, it’s also been a long requested feature to have the ability to modify these default retention periods.  You can also do this using this screen.  As there are interdependencies between some data elements you can’t modify retention policies on a feature by feature basis.  Instead, retention policies take categories of information and bundles them together in Groups.  Retention policies are modified at the Group Level.  Understanding the impact of this really deserves a blog post all on it’s own as modifying these can have a significant impact on both the EM Repository’s storage footprint and it’s performance.  For now, we’re just highlighting the features visibility on these new pages. As a user of EM12c we hope the new features you see here address some of the feedback that’s been given on these pages over the past few releases.  We’ll look out for any comments or feedback you have on these pages ! 

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• Investigation: Can different combinations of components effect Dataflow performance?

  - by jamiet

  Introduction The Dataflow task is one of the core components (if not the core component) of SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) and often the most misunderstood. This is not surprising, its an incredibly complicated beast and we’re abstracted away from that complexity via some boxes that go yellow red or green and that have some lines drawn between them. Example dataflow In this blog post I intend to look under that facade and get into some of the nuts and bolts of the Dataflow Task by investigating how the decisions we make when building our packages can affect performance. I will do this by comparing the performance of three dataflows that all have the same input, all produce the same output, but which all operate slightly differently by way of having different transformation components. I also want to use this blog post to challenge a common held opinion that I see perpetuated over and over again on the SSIS forum. That is, that people assume adding components to a dataflow will be detrimental to overall performance. Its not surprising that people think this –it is intuitive to think that more components means more work- however this is not a view that I share. I have always been of the opinion that there are many factors affecting dataflow duration and the number of components is actually one of the less important ones; having said that I have never proven that assertion and that is one reason for this investigation. I have actually seen evidence that some people think dataflow duration is simply a function of number of rows and number of components. I’ll happily call that one out as a myth even without any investigation!  The Setup I have a 2GB datafile which is a list of 4731904 (~4.7million) customer records with various attributes against them and it contains 2 columns that I am going to use for categorisation: [YearlyIncome] [BirthDate] The data file is a SSIS raw format file which I chose to use because it is the quickest way of getting data into a dataflow and given that I am testing the transformations, not the source or destination adapters, I want to minimise external influences as much as possible. In the test I will split the customers according to month of birth (12 of those) and whether or not their yearly income is above or below 50000 (2 of those); in other words I will be splitting them into 24 discrete categories and in order to do it I shall be using different combinations of SSIS’ Conditional Split and Derived Column transformation components. The 24 datapaths that occur will each input to a rowcount component, again because this is the least resource intensive means of terminating a datapath. The test is being carried out on a Dell XPS Studio laptop with a quad core (8 logical Procs) Intel Core i7 at 1.73GHz and Samsung SSD hard drive. Its running SQL Server 2008 R2 on Windows 7. The Variables Here are the three combinations of components that I am going to test:     One Conditional Split - A single Conditional Split component CSPL Split by Month of Birth and income category that will use expressions on [YearlyIncome] & [BirthDate] to send each row to one of 24 outputs. This next screenshot displays the expression logic in use: Derived Column & Conditional Split - A Derived Column component DER Income Category that adds a new column [IncomeCategory] which will contain one of two possible text values {“LessThan50000”,”GreaterThan50000”} and uses [YearlyIncome] to determine which value each row should get. A Conditional Split component CSPL Split by Month of Birth and Income Category then uses that new column in conjunction with [BirthDate] to determine which of the same 24 outputs to send each row to. Put more simply, I am separating the Conditional Split of #1 into a Derived Column and a Conditional Split. The next screenshots display the expression logic in use: DER Income Category         CSPL Split by Month of Birth and Income Category       Three Conditional Splits - A Conditional Split component that produces two outputs based on [YearlyIncome], one for each Income Category. Each of those outputs will go to a further Conditional Split that splits the input into 12 outputs, one for each month of birth (identical logic in each). In this case then I am separating the single Conditional Split of #1 into three Conditional Split components. The next screenshots display the expression logic in use: CSPL Split by Income Category         CSPL Split by Month of Birth 1& 2       Each of these combinations will provide an input to one of the 24 rowcount components, just the same as before. For illustration here is a screenshot of the dataflow containing three Conditional Split components: As you can these dataflows have a fair bit of work to do and remember that they’re doing that work for 4.7million rows. I will execute each dataflow 10 times and use the average for comparison. I foresee three possible outcomes: The dataflow containing just one Conditional Split (i.e. #1) will be quicker There is no significant difference between any of them One of the two dataflows containing multiple transformation components will be quicker Regardless of which of those outcomes come to pass we will have learnt something and that makes this an interesting test to carry out. Note that I will be executing the dataflows using dtexec.exe rather than hitting F5 within BIDS. The Results and Analysis The table below shows all of the executions, 10 for each dataflow. It also shows the average for each along with a standard deviation. All durations are in seconds. I’m pasting a screenshot because I frankly can’t be bothered with the faffing about needed to make a presentable HTML table. It is plain to see from the average that the dataflow containing three conditional splits is significantly faster, the other two taking 43% and 52% longer respectively. This seems strange though, right? Why does the dataflow containing the most components outperform the other two by such a big margin? The answer is actually quite logical when you put some thought into it and I’ll explain that below. Before progressing, a side note. The standard deviation for the “Three Conditional Splits” dataflow is orders of magnitude smaller – indicating that performance for this dataflow can be predicted with much greater confidence too. The Explanation I refer you to the screenshot above that shows how CSPL Split by Month of Birth and salary category in the first dataflow is setup. Observe that there is a case for each combination of Month Of Date and Income Category – 24 in total. These expressions get evaluated in the order that they appear and hence if we assume that Month of Date and Income Category are uniformly distributed in the dataset we can deduce that the expected number of expression evaluations for each row is 12.5 i.e. 1 (the minimum) + 24 (the maximum) divided by 2 = 12.5. Now take a look at the screenshots for the second dataflow. We are doing one expression evaluation in DER Income Category and we have the same 24 cases in CSPL Split by Month of Birth and Income Category as we had before, only the expression differs slightly. In this case then we have 1 + 12.5 = 13.5 expected evaluations for each row – that would account for the slightly longer average execution time for this dataflow. Now onto the third dataflow, the quick one. CSPL Split by Income Category does a maximum of 2 expression evaluations thus the expected number of evaluations per row is 1.5. CSPL Split by Month of Birth 1 & CSPL Split by Month of Birth 2 both have less work to do than the previous Conditional Split components because they only have 12 cases to test for thus the expected number of expression evaluations is 6.5 There are two of them so total expected number of expression evaluations for this dataflow is 6.5 + 6.5 + 1.5 = 14.5. 14.5 is still more than 12.5 & 13.5 though so why is the third dataflow so much quicker? Simple, the conditional expressions in the first two dataflows have two boolean predicates to evaluate – one for Income Category and one for Month of Birth; the expressions in the Conditional Split in the third dataflow however only have one predicate thus they are doing a lot less work. To sum up, the difference in execution times can be attributed to the difference between: MONTH(BirthDate) == 1 && YearlyIncome <= 50000 and MONTH(BirthDate) == 1 In the first two dataflows YearlyIncome <= 50000 gets evaluated an average of 12.5 times for every row whereas in the third dataflow it is evaluated once and once only. Multiply those 11.5 extra operations by 4.7million rows and you get a significant amount of extra CPU cycles – that’s where our duration difference comes from. The Wrap-up The obvious point here is that adding new components to a dataflow isn’t necessarily going to make it go any slower, moreover you may be able to achieve significant improvements by splitting logic over multiple components rather than one. Performance tuning is all about reducing the amount of work that needs to be done and that doesn’t necessarily mean use less components, indeed sometimes you may be able to reduce workload in ways that aren’t immediately obvious as I think I have proven here. Of course there are many variables in play here and your mileage will most definitely vary. I encourage you to download the package and see if you get similar results – let me know in the comments. The package contains all three dataflows plus a fourth dataflow that will create the 2GB raw file for you (you will also need the [AdventureWorksDW2008] sample database from which to source the data); simply disable all dataflows except the one you want to test before executing the package and remember, execute using dtexec, not within BIDS. If you want to explore dataflow performance tuning in more detail then here are some links you might want to check out: Inequality joins, Asynchronous transformations and Lookups Destination Adapter Comparison Don’t turn the dataflow into a cursor SSIS Dataflow – Designing for performance (webinar) Any comments? Let me know! @Jamiet

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• ASP.NET: Using conditionals in data binding expressions

  - by DigiMortal

  ASP.NET 2.0 has no support for using conditionals in data binding expressions but it will change in ASP.NET 4.0. In this posting I will show you how to implement Iif() function for ASP.NET 2.0 and how ASP.NET 4.0 solves this problem smoothly without any code. Problem Let’s say we have simple repeater. <asp:Repeater runat="server" ID="itemsList">     <HeaderTemplate>         <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">     </HeaderTemplate>     <ItemTemplate>         <tr>         <td align="right"><%# Container.ItemIndex + 1 %>.</td>         <td><%# Eval("Title") %></td>         </tr>     </ItemTemplate>     <FooterTemplate>         </table>     </FooterTemplate> </asp:Repeater> Repeater is bound to data when form loads. protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {     var items = new[] {                     new { Id = 1, Title = "Headline 1" },                     new { Id = 2, Title = "Headline 2" },                     new { Id = 2, Title = "Headline 3" },                     new { Id = 2, Title = "Headline 4" },                     new { Id = 2, Title = "Headline 5" }                 };     itemsList.DataSource = items;     itemsList.DataBind(); } We need to format even and odd rows differently. Let’s say we want even rows to be with whitesmoke background and odd rows with white background. Just like shown on screenshot on right. Our first thought is to use some simple expression to avoid writing custom methods. We cannot use construct like this <%# Container.ItemIndex % 2==0 ? "white" : "whitesmoke"  %> because all we get are template compilation errors. ASP.NET 2.0: Iif() method For ASP.NET 2.0 pages and controls we can create Iif() method and call it from our templates. This is out Iif() method. protected object Iif(bool condition, object trueResult, object falseResult) {     return condition ? trueResult : falseResult; } And here you can see how to use it. <asp:Repeater runat="server" ID="itemsList">   <HeaderTemplate>     <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">     </HeaderTemplate>   <ItemTemplate>     <tr style='background-color:'       <%# Iif(Container.ItemIndex % 2==0 ? "white" : "whitesmoke") %>'>       <td align="right">         <%# Container.ItemIndex + 1 %>.</td>       <td>         <%# Eval("Title") %></td>     </tr>   </ItemTemplate>   <FooterTemplate>     </table>   </FooterTemplate> </asp:Repeater> This method does not care about types because it works with all objects (and value-types). I had to define this method in code-behind file of my user control because using this method as extension method made it undetectable for ASP.NET template engine. ASP.NET 4.0: Conditionals are supported In ASP.NET 4.0 we will write … hmm … we will write nothing special. Here is solution. <asp:Repeater runat="server" ID="itemsList">   <HeaderTemplate>     <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">     </HeaderTemplate>   <ItemTemplate>     <tr style='background-color:'       <%# Container.ItemIndex % 2==0 ? "white" : "whitesmoke" %>'>       <td align="right">         <%# Container.ItemIndex + 1 %>.</td>       <td>         <%# Eval("Title") %></td>     </tr>   </ItemTemplate>   <FooterTemplate>     </table>   </FooterTemplate> </asp:Repeater> Yes, it works well. :)

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• Problem displaying tiles using tiled map loader with SFML

  - by user1905192

  I've been searching fruitlessly for what I did wrong for the past couple of days and I was wondering if anyone here could help me. My program loads my tile map, but then crashes with an assertion error. The program breaks at this line: spacing = atoi(tilesetElement-Attribute("spacing")); Here's my main game.cpp file. #include "stdafx.h" #include "Game.h" #include "Ball.h" #include "level.h" using namespace std; Game::Game() { gameState=NotStarted; ball.setPosition(500,500); level.LoadFromFile("meow.tmx"); } void Game::Start() { if (gameState==NotStarted) { window.create(sf::VideoMode(1024,768,320),"game"); view.reset(sf::FloatRect(0,0,1000,1000));//ball drawn at 500,500 level.SetDrawingBounds(sf::FloatRect(view.getCenter().x-view.getSize().x/2,view.getCenter().y-view.getSize().y/2,view.getSize().x, view.getSize().y)); window.setView(view); gameState=Playing; } while(gameState!=Exiting) { GameLoop(); } window.close(); } void Game::GameLoop() { sf::Event CurrentEvent; window.pollEvent(CurrentEvent); switch(gameState) { case Playing: { window.clear(sf::Color::White); window.setView(view); if (CurrentEvent.type==sf::Event::Closed) { gameState=Exiting; } if ( !ball.IsFalling() &&!ball.IsJumping() &&sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Space)) { ball.setJState(); } ball.Update(view); level.Draw(window); ball.Draw(window); window.display(); break; } } } And here's the file where the error happens: /********************************************************************* Quinn Schwab 16/08/2010 SFML Tiled Map Loader The zlib license has been used to make this software fully compatible with SFML. See http://www.sfml-dev.org/license.php This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required. 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. *********************************************************************/ #include "level.h" #include <iostream> #include "tinyxml.h" #include <fstream> int Object::GetPropertyInt(std::string name) { int i; i = atoi(properties[name].c_str()); return i; } float Object::GetPropertyFloat(std::string name) { float f; f = strtod(properties[name].c_str(), NULL); return f; } std::string Object::GetPropertyString(std::string name) { return properties[name]; } Level::Level() { //ctor } Level::~Level() { //dtor } using namespace std; bool Level::LoadFromFile(std::string filename) { TiXmlDocument levelFile(filename.c_str()); if (!levelFile.LoadFile()) { std::cout << "Loading level \"" << filename << "\" failed." << std::endl; return false; } //Map element. This is the root element for the whole file. TiXmlElement *map; map = levelFile.FirstChildElement("map"); //Set up misc map properties. width = atoi(map->Attribute("width")); height = atoi(map->Attribute("height")); tileWidth = atoi(map->Attribute("tilewidth")); tileHeight = atoi(map->Attribute("tileheight")); //Tileset stuff TiXmlElement *tilesetElement; tilesetElement = map->FirstChildElement("tileset"); firstTileID = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("firstgid")); spacing = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("spacing")); margin = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("margin")); //Tileset image TiXmlElement *image; image = tilesetElement->FirstChildElement("image"); std::string imagepath = image->Attribute("source"); if (!tilesetImage.loadFromFile(imagepath))//Load the tileset image { std::cout << "Failed to load tile sheet." << std::endl; return false; } tilesetImage.createMaskFromColor(sf::Color(255, 0, 255)); tilesetTexture.loadFromImage(tilesetImage); tilesetTexture.setSmooth(false); //Columns and rows (of tileset image) int columns = tilesetTexture.getSize().x / tileWidth; int rows = tilesetTexture.getSize().y / tileHeight; std::vector <sf::Rect<int> > subRects;//container of subrects (to divide the tilesheet image up) //tiles/subrects are counted from 0, left to right, top to bottom for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < columns; x++) { sf::Rect <int> rect; rect.top = y * tileHeight; rect.height = y * tileHeight + tileHeight; rect.left = x * tileWidth; rect.width = x * tileWidth + tileWidth; subRects.push_back(rect); } } //Layers TiXmlElement *layerElement; layerElement = map->FirstChildElement("layer"); while (layerElement) { Layer layer; if (layerElement->Attribute("opacity") != NULL)//check if opacity attribute exists { float opacity = strtod(layerElement->Attribute("opacity"), NULL);//convert the (string) opacity element to float layer.opacity = 255 * opacity; } else { layer.opacity = 255;//if the attribute doesnt exist, default to full opacity } //Tiles TiXmlElement *layerDataElement; layerDataElement = layerElement->FirstChildElement("data"); if (layerDataElement == NULL) { std::cout << "Bad map. No layer information found." << std::endl; } TiXmlElement *tileElement; tileElement = layerDataElement->FirstChildElement("tile"); if (tileElement == NULL) { std::cout << "Bad map. No tile information found." << std::endl; return false; } int x = 0; int y = 0; while (tileElement) { int tileGID = atoi(tileElement->Attribute("gid")); int subRectToUse = tileGID - firstTileID;//Work out the subrect ID to 'chop up' the tilesheet image. if (subRectToUse >= 0)//we only need to (and only can) create a sprite/tile if there is one to display { sf::Sprite sprite;//sprite for the tile sprite.setTexture(tilesetTexture); sprite.setTextureRect(subRects[subRectToUse]); sprite.setPosition(x * tileWidth, y * tileHeight); sprite.setColor(sf::Color(255, 255, 255, layer.opacity));//Set opacity of the tile. //add tile to layer layer.tiles.push_back(sprite); } tileElement = tileElement->NextSiblingElement("tile"); //increment x, y x++; if (x >= width)//if x has "hit" the end (right) of the map, reset it to the start (left) { x = 0; y++; if (y >= height) { y = 0; } } } layers.push_back(layer); layerElement = layerElement->NextSiblingElement("layer"); } //Objects TiXmlElement *objectGroupElement; if (map->FirstChildElement("objectgroup") != NULL)//Check that there is atleast one object layer { objectGroupElement = map->FirstChildElement("objectgroup"); while (objectGroupElement)//loop through object layers { TiXmlElement *objectElement; objectElement = objectGroupElement->FirstChildElement("object"); while (objectElement)//loop through objects { std::string objectType; if (objectElement->Attribute("type") != NULL) { objectType = objectElement->Attribute("type"); } std::string objectName; if (objectElement->Attribute("name") != NULL) { objectName = objectElement->Attribute("name"); } int x = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("x")); int y = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("y")); int width = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("width")); int height = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("height")); Object object; object.name = objectName; object.type = objectType; sf::Rect <int> objectRect; objectRect.top = y; objectRect.left = x; objectRect.height = y + height; objectRect.width = x + width; if (objectType == "solid") { solidObjects.push_back(objectRect); } object.rect = objectRect; TiXmlElement *properties; properties = objectElement->FirstChildElement("properties"); if (properties != NULL) { TiXmlElement *prop; prop = properties->FirstChildElement("property"); if (prop != NULL) { while(prop) { std::string propertyName = prop->Attribute("name"); std::string propertyValue = prop->Attribute("value"); object.properties[propertyName] = propertyValue; prop = prop->NextSiblingElement("property"); } } } objects.push_back(object); objectElement = objectElement->NextSiblingElement("object"); } objectGroupElement = objectGroupElement->NextSiblingElement("objectgroup"); } } else { std::cout << "No object layers found..." << std::endl; } return true; } Object Level::GetObject(std::string name) { for (int i = 0; i < objects.size(); i++) { if (objects[i].name == name) { return objects[i]; } } } void Level::SetDrawingBounds(sf::Rect<float> bounds) { drawingBounds = bounds; cout<<tileHeight; //Adjust the rect so that tiles are drawn just off screen, so you don't see them disappearing. drawingBounds.top -= tileHeight; drawingBounds.left -= tileWidth; drawingBounds.width += tileWidth; drawingBounds.height += tileHeight; } void Level::Draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) { for (int layer = 0; layer < layers.size(); layer++) { for (int tile = 0; tile < layers[layer].tiles.size(); tile++) { if (drawingBounds.contains(layers[layer].tiles[tile].getPosition().x, layers[layer].tiles[tile].getPosition().y)) { window.draw(layers[layer].tiles[tile]); } } } } I really hope that one of you can help me and I'm sorry if I've made any formatting issues. Thanks!

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• Building Queries Systematically

  - by Jeremy Smyth

  The SQL language is a bit like a toolkit for data. It consists of lots of little fiddly bits of syntax that, taken together, allow you to build complex edifices and return powerful results. For the uninitiated, the many tools can be quite confusing, and it's sometimes difficult to decide how to go about the process of building non-trivial queries, that is, queries that are more than a simple SELECT a, b FROM c; A System for Building Queries When you're building queries, you could use a system like the following:  Decide which fields contain the values you want to use in our output, and how you wish to alias those fields Values you want to see in your output Values you want to use in calculations . For example, to calculate margin on a product, you could calculate price - cost and give it the alias margin. Values you want to filter with. For example, you might only want to see products that weigh more than 2Kg or that are blue. The weight or colour columns could contain that information. Values you want to order by. For example you might want the most expensive products first, and the least last. You could use the price column in descending order to achieve that. Assuming the fields you've picked in point 1 are in multiple tables, find the connections between those tables Look for relationships between tables and identify the columns that implement those relationships. For example, The Orders table could have a CustomerID field referencing the same column in the Customers table. Sometimes the problem doesn't use relationships but rests on a different field; sometimes the query is looking for a coincidence of fact rather than a foreign key constraint. For example you might have sales representatives who live in the same state as a customer; this information is normally not used in relationships, but if your query is for organizing events where sales representatives meet customers, it's useful in that query. In such a case you would record the names of columns at either end of such a connection. Sometimes relationships require a bridge, a junction table that wasn't identified in point 1 above but is needed to connect tables you need; these are used in "many-to-many relationships". In these cases you need to record the columns in each table that connect to similar columns in other tables. Construct a join or series of joins using the fields and tables identified in point 2 above. This becomes your FROM clause. Filter using some of the fields in point 1 above. This becomes your WHERE clause. Construct an ORDER BY clause using values from point 1 above that are relevant to the desired order of the output rows. Project the result using the remainder of the fields in point 1 above. This becomes your SELECT clause. A Worked Example   Let's say you want to query the world database to find a list of countries (with their capitals) and the change in GNP, using the difference between the GNP and GNPOld columns, and that you only want to see results for countries with a population greater than 100,000,000. Using the system described above, we could do the following:  The Country.Name and City.Name columns contain the name of the country and city respectively.  The change in GNP comes from the calculation GNP - GNPOld. Both those columns are in the Country table. This calculation is also used to order the output, in descending order To see only countries with a population greater than 100,000,000, you need the Population field of the Country table. There is also a Population field in the City table, so you'll need to specify the table name to disambiguate. You can also represent a number like 100 million as 100e6 instead of 100000000 to make it easier to read. Because the fields come from the Country and City tables, you'll need to join them. There are two relationships between these tables: Each city is hosted within a country, and the city's CountryCode column identifies that country. Also, each country has a capital city, whose ID is contained within the country's Capital column. This latter relationship is the one to use, so the relevant columns and the condition that uses them is represented by the following FROM clause:  FROM Country JOIN City ON Country.Capital = City.ID The statement should only return countries with a population greater than 100,000,000. Country.Population is the relevant column, so the WHERE clause becomes:  WHERE Country.Population > 100e6  To sort the result set in reverse order of difference in GNP, you could use either the calculation, or the position in the output (it's the third column): ORDER BY GNP - GNPOld or ORDER BY 3 Finally, project the columns you wish to see by constructing the SELECT clause: SELECT Country.Name AS Country, City.Name AS Capital,        GNP - GNPOld AS `Difference in GNP`  The whole statement ends up looking like this:  mysql> SELECT Country.Name AS Country, City.Name AS Capital, -> GNP - GNPOld AS `Difference in GNP` -> FROM Country JOIN City ON Country.Capital = City.ID -> WHERE Country.Population > 100e6 -> ORDER BY 3 DESC; +--------------------+------------+-------------------+ | Country            | Capital    | Difference in GNP | +--------------------+------------+-------------------+ | United States | Washington | 399800.00 | | China | Peking | 64549.00 | | India | New Delhi | 16542.00 | | Nigeria | Abuja | 7084.00 | | Pakistan | Islamabad | 2740.00 | | Bangladesh | Dhaka | 886.00 | | Brazil | Brasília | -27369.00 | | Indonesia | Jakarta | -130020.00 | | Russian Federation | Moscow | -166381.00 | | Japan | Tokyo | -405596.00 | +--------------------+------------+-------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) Queries with Aggregates and GROUP BY While this system might work well for many queries, it doesn't cater for situations where you have complex summaries and aggregation. For aggregation, you'd start with choosing which columns to view in the output, but this time you'd construct them as aggregate expressions. For example, you could look at the average population, or the count of distinct regions.You could also perform more complex aggregations, such as the average of GNP per head of population calculated as AVG(GNP/Population). Having chosen the values to appear in the output, you must choose how to aggregate those values. A useful way to think about this is that every aggregate query is of the form X, Y per Z. The SELECT clause contains the expressions for X and Y, as already described, and Z becomes your GROUP BY clause. Ordinarily you would also include Z in the query so you see how you are grouping, so the output becomes Z, X, Y per Z.  As an example, consider the following, which shows a count of  countries and the average population per continent:  mysql> SELECT Continent, COUNT(Name), AVG(Population)     -> FROM Country     -> GROUP BY Continent; +---------------+-------------+-----------------+ | Continent     | COUNT(Name) | AVG(Population) | +---------------+-------------+-----------------+ | Asia          |          51 |   72647562.7451 | | Europe        |          46 |   15871186.9565 | | North America |          37 |   13053864.8649 | | Africa        |          58 |   13525431.0345 | | Oceania       |          28 |    1085755.3571 | | Antarctica    |           5 |          0.0000 | | South America |          14 |   24698571.4286 | +---------------+-------------+-----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) In this case, X is the number of countries, Y is the average population, and Z is the continent. Of course, you could have more fields in the SELECT clause, and  more fields in the GROUP BY clause as you require. You would also normally alias columns to make the output more suited to your requirements. More Complex Queries  Queries can get considerably more interesting than this. You could also add joins and other expressions to your aggregate query, as in the earlier part of this post. You could have more complex conditions in the WHERE clause. Similarly, you could use queries such as these in subqueries of yet more complex super-queries. Each technique becomes another tool in your toolbox, until before you know it you're writing queries across 15 tables that take two pages to write out. But that's for another day...

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• When was sys.dm_os_wait_stats last cleared?

  - by SQLOS Team

  The sys.dm_os_wait_stats DMV provides essential metrics for diagnosing SQL Server performance problems. Returning incrementally accumulating information about all the completed waits encountered by executing threads it is a useful way to identify bottlenecks such as IO latency issues or waits on locks. The counters are reset each time SQL server is restarted, or when the following command is run: DBCC SQLPERF ('sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR); To make sense out of these wait values you need to know how they change over time. Suppose you are asked to troubleshoot a system and you don't know when the wait stats were last zeroed. Is there any way to find the elapsed time since this happened? If the wait stats were not cleared using the DBCC SQLPERF command then you can simply correlate the stats with the time SQL Server was started using the sqlserver_start_time column introduced in SQL Server 2008 R2: SELECT sqlserver_start_time from sys.dm_os_sys_info However how do you tell if someone has run DBCC SQLPERF ('sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR) since the server was started, and if they did, when? Without this information the initial, or historical, wait_stats have less value until you can measure deltas over time. There is a way to at least estimate when the stats were last cleared, by using the wait stats themselves and choosing a thread that spends most of its time sleeping. A good candidate is the SQL Trace incremental flush task, which mostly sleeps (in 4 second intervals) and in between it attempts to flush (if there are new events – which is rare when only default trace is running) – so it pretty much sleeps all the time. Hence the time it has spent waiting is very close to the elapsed time since the counter was reset. Credit goes to Ivan Penkov in the SQLOS dev team for suggesting this. Here's an example (excuse formatting): 144 seconds after the server was started: select top 10 wait_type, wait_time_ms from sys.dm_os_wait_stats order by wait_time_ms desc wait_type                                                               wait_time_ms--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT                                      242273LAZYWRITER_SLEEP                                          146010LOGMGR_QUEUE                                                145412DIRTY_PAGE_POLL                                             145411XE_TIMER_EVENT                                               145216REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH             145194SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP    144325SLEEP_TASK                                                        73359BROKER_TO_FLUSH                                           73113PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS       143 (10 rows affected) Reset: DBCC SQLPERF('sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR)" DBCC execution completed. If DBCC printed error messages, contact your system administrator. After 8 seconds: select top 10 wait_type, wait_time_ms from sys.dm_os_wait_stats order by wait_time_ms desc wait_type                                                                 wait_time_ms--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH              10013LAZYWRITER_SLEEP                                           8124SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP     8017LOGMGR_QUEUE                                                 7579DIRTY_PAGE_POLL                                              7532XE_TIMER_EVENT                                                5007BROKER_TO_FLUSH                                            4118SLEEP_TASK                                                         3089PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS        28SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD                                   27 (10 rows affected)   After 12 seconds: select top 10 wait_type, wait_time_ms from sys.dm_os_wait_stats order by wait_time_ms desc wait_type                                                                  wait_time_ms------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH               15020LAZYWRITER_SLEEP                                            14206LOGMGR_QUEUE                                                  14036DIRTY_PAGE_POLL                                               13973SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP      12026XE_TIMER_EVENT                                                 10014SLEEP_TASK                                                          7207BROKER_TO_FLUSH                                             7207PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS         57SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD                                     28 (10 rows affected) It may not be accurate to the millisecond, but it can provide a useful data point, and give an indication whether the wait stats were manually cleared after startup, and if so approximately when. - Guy     Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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• What's New in ASP.NET 4

  - by Navaneeth

  The .NET Framework version 4 includes enhancements for ASP.NET 4 in targeted areas. Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express also include enhancements and new features for improved Web development. This document provides an overview of many of the new features that are included in the upcoming release. This topic contains the following sections: ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET Web Forms ASP.NET MVC Dynamic Data ASP.NET Chart Control Visual Web Developer Enhancements Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET 4 introduces many features that improve core ASP.NET services such as output caching and session state storage. Extensible Output Caching Since the time that ASP.NET 1.0 was released, output caching has enabled developers to store the generated output of pages, controls, and HTTP responses in memory. On subsequent Web requests, ASP.NET can serve content more quickly by retrieving the generated output from memory instead of regenerating the output from scratch. However, this approach has a limitation — generated content always has to be stored in memory. On servers that experience heavy traffic, the memory requirements for output caching can compete with memory requirements for other parts of a Web application. ASP.NET 4 adds extensibility to output caching that enables you to configure one or more custom output-cache providers. Output-cache providers can use any storage mechanism to persist HTML content. These storage options can include local or remote disks, cloud storage, and distributed cache engines. Output-cache provider extensibility in ASP.NET 4 lets you design more aggressive and more intelligent output-caching strategies for Web sites. For example, you can create an output-cache provider that caches the "Top 10" pages of a site in memory, while caching pages that get lower traffic on disk. Alternatively, you can cache every vary-by combination for a rendered page, but use a distributed cache so that the memory consumption is offloaded from front-end Web servers. You create a custom output-cache provider as a class that derives from the OutputCacheProvider type. You can then configure the provider in the Web.config file by using the new providers subsection of the outputCache element For more information and for examples that show how to configure the output cache, see outputCache Element for caching (ASP.NET Settings Schema). For more information about the classes that support caching, see the documentation for the OutputCache and OutputCacheProvider classes. By default, in ASP.NET 4, all HTTP responses, rendered pages, and controls use the in-memory output cache. The defaultProvider attribute for ASP.NET is AspNetInternalProvider. You can change the default output-cache provider used for a Web application by specifying a different provider name for defaultProvider attribute. In addition, you can select different output-cache providers for individual control and for individual requests and programmatically specify which provider to use. For more information, see the HttpApplication.GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext) method. The easiest way to choose a different output-cache provider for different Web user controls is to do so declaratively by using the new providerName attribute in a page or control directive, as shown in the following example: <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="None" providerName="DiskCache" %> Preloading Web Applications Some Web applications must load large amounts of data or must perform expensive initialization processing before serving the first request. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, for these situations you had to devise custom approaches to "wake up" an ASP.NET application and then run initialization code during the Application_Load method in the Global.asax file. To address this scenario, a new application preload manager (autostart feature) is available when ASP.NET 4 runs on IIS 7.5 on Windows Server 2008 R2. The preload feature provides a controlled approach for starting up an application pool, initializing an ASP.NET application, and then accepting HTTP requests. It lets you perform expensive application initialization prior to processing the first HTTP request. For example, you can use the application preload manager to initialize an application and then signal a load-balancer that the application was initialized and ready to accept HTTP traffic. To use the application preload manager, an IIS administrator sets an application pool in IIS 7.5 to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <applicationPools> <add name="MyApplicationPool" startMode="AlwaysRunning" /> </applicationPools> Because a single application pool can contain multiple applications, you specify individual applications to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <sites> <site name="MySite" id="1"> <application path="/" serviceAutoStartEnabled="true" serviceAutoStartProvider="PrewarmMyCache" > <!-- Additional content --> </application> </site> </sites> <!-- Additional content --> <serviceAutoStartProviders> <add name="PrewarmMyCache" type="MyNamespace.CustomInitialization, MyLibrary" /> </serviceAutoStartProviders> When an IIS 7.5 server is cold-started or when an individual application pool is recycled, IIS 7.5 uses the information in the applicationHost.config file to determine which Web applications have to be automatically started. For each application that is marked for preload, IIS7.5 sends a request to ASP.NET 4 to start the application in a state during which the application temporarily does not accept HTTP requests. When it is in this state, ASP.NET instantiates the type defined by the serviceAutoStartProvider attribute (as shown in the previous example) and calls into its public entry point. You create a managed preload type that has the required entry point by implementing the IProcessHostPreloadClient interface, as shown in the following example: public class CustomInitialization : System.Web.Hosting.IProcessHostPreloadClient { public void Preload(string[] parameters) { // Perform initialization. } } After your initialization code runs in the Preload method and after the method returns, the ASP.NET application is ready to process requests. Permanently Redirecting a Page Content in Web applications is often moved over the lifetime of the application. This can lead to links to be out of date, such as the links that are returned by search engines. In ASP.NET, developers have traditionally handled requests to old URLs by using the Redirect method to forward a request to the new URL. However, the Redirect method issues an HTTP 302 (Found) response (which is used for a temporary redirect). This results in an extra HTTP round trip. ASP.NET 4 adds a RedirectPermanent helper method that makes it easy to issue HTTP 301 (Moved Permanently) responses, as in the following example: RedirectPermanent("/newpath/foroldcontent.aspx"); Search engines and other user agents that recognize permanent redirects will store the new URL that is associated with the content, which eliminates the unnecessary round trip made by the browser for temporary redirects. Session State Compression By default, ASP.NET provides two options for storing session state across a Web farm. The first option is a session state provider that invokes an out-of-process session state server. The second option is a session state provider that stores data in a Microsoft SQL Server database. Because both options store state information outside a Web application's worker process, session state has to be serialized before it is sent to remote storage. If a large amount of data is saved in session state, the size of the serialized data can become very large. ASP.NET 4 introduces a new compression option for both kinds of out-of-process session state providers. By using this option, applications that have spare CPU cycles on Web servers can achieve substantial reductions in the size of serialized session state data. You can set this option using the new compressionEnabled attribute of the sessionState element in the configuration file. When the compressionEnabled configuration option is set to true, ASP.NET compresses (and decompresses) serialized session state by using the .NET Framework GZipStreamclass. The following example shows how to set this attribute. <sessionState mode="SqlServer" sqlConnectionString="data source=dbserver;Initial Catalog=aspnetstate" allowCustomSqlDatabase="true" compressionEnabled="true" /> ASP.NET Web Forms Web Forms has been a core feature in ASP.NET since the release of ASP.NET 1.0. Many enhancements have been in this area for ASP.NET 4, such as the following: The ability to set meta tags. More control over view state. Support for recently introduced browsers and devices. Easier ways to work with browser capabilities. Support for using ASP.NET routing with Web Forms. More control over generated IDs. The ability to persist selected rows in data controls. More control over rendered HTML in the FormView and ListView controls. Filtering support for data source controls. Enhanced support for Web standards and accessibility Setting Meta Tags with the Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription Properties Two properties have been added to the Page class: MetaKeywords and MetaDescription. These two properties represent corresponding meta tags in the HTML rendered for a page, as shown in the following example: <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2' /> <meta name="description" content="Description of my page" /> </head> These two properties work like the Title property does, and they can be set in the @ Page directive. For more information, see Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription. Enabling View State for Individual Controls A new property has been added to the Control class: ViewStateMode. You can use this property to disable view state for all controls on a page except those for which you explicitly enable view state. View state data is included in a page's HTML and increases the amount of time it takes to send a page to the client and post it back. Storing more view state than is necessary can cause significant decrease in performance. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, you could reduce the impact of view state on a page's performance by disabling view state for specific controls. But sometimes it is easier to enable view state for a few controls that need it instead of disabling it for many that do not need it. For more information, see Control.ViewStateMode. Support for Recently Introduced Browsers and Devices ASP.NET includes a feature that is named browser capabilities that lets you determine the capabilities of the browser that a user is using. Browser capabilities are represented by the HttpBrowserCapabilities object which is stored in the HttpRequest.Browser property. Information about a particular browser's capabilities is defined by a browser definition file. In ASP.NET 4, these browser definition files have been updated to contain information about recently introduced browsers and devices such as Google Chrome, Research in Motion BlackBerry smart phones, and Apple iPhone. Existing browser definition files have also been updated. For more information, see How to: Upgrade an ASP.NET Web Application to ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Web Server Controls and Browser Capabilities. The browser definition files that are included with ASP.NET 4 are shown in the following list: •blackberry.browser •chrome.browser •Default.browser •firefox.browser •gateway.browser •generic.browser •ie.browser •iemobile.browser •iphone.browser •opera.browser •safari.browser A New Way to Define Browser Capabilities ASP.NET 4 includes a new feature referred to as browser capabilities providers. As the name suggests, this lets you build a provider that in turn lets you write custom code to determine browser capabilities. In ASP.NET version 3.5 Service Pack 1, you define browser capabilities in an XML file. This file resides in a machine-level folder or an application-level folder. Most developers do not need to customize these files, but for those who do, the provider approach can be easier than dealing with complex XML syntax. The provider approach makes it possible to simplify the process by implementing a common browser definition syntax, or a database that contains up-to-date browser definitions, or even a Web service for such a database. For more information about the new browser capabilities provider, see the What's New for ASP.NET 4 White Paper. Routing in ASP.NET 4 ASP.NET 4 adds built-in support for routing with Web Forms. Routing is a feature that was introduced with ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 and lets you configure an application to use URLs that are meaningful to users and to search engines because they do not have to specify physical file names. This can make your site more user-friendly and your site content more discoverable by search engines. For example, the URL for a page that displays product categories in your application might look like the following example: http://website/products.aspx?categoryid=12 By using routing, you can use the following URL to render the same information: http://website/products/software The second URL lets the user know what to expect and can result in significantly improved rankings in search engine results. the new features include the following: The PageRouteHandler class is a simple HTTP handler that you use when you define routes. You no longer have to write a custom route handler. The HttpRequest.RequestContext and Page.RouteData properties make it easier to access information that is passed in URL parameters. The RouteUrl expression provides a simple way to create a routed URL in markup. The RouteValue expression provides a simple way to extract URL parameter values in markup. The RouteParameter class makes it easier to pass URL parameter values to a query for a data source control (similar to FormParameter). You no longer have to change the Web.config file to enable routing. For more information about routing, see the following topics: ASP.NET Routing Walkthrough: Using ASP.NET Routing in a Web Forms Application How to: Define Routes for Web Forms Applications How to: Construct URLs from Routes How to: Access URL Parameters in a Routed Page Setting Client IDs The new ClientIDMode property makes it easier to write client script that references HTML elements rendered for server controls. Increasing use of Microsoft Ajax makes the need to do this more common. For example, you may have a data control that renders a long list of products with prices and you want to use client script to make a Web service call and update individual prices in the list as they change without refreshing the entire page. Typically you get a reference to an HTML element in client script by using the document.GetElementById method. You pass to this method the value of the id attribute of the HTML element you want to reference. In the case of elements that are rendered for ASP.NET server controls earlier versions of ASP.NET could make this difficult or impossible. You were not always able to predict what id values ASP.NET would generate, or ASP.NET could generate very long id values. The problem was especially difficult for data controls that would generate multiple rows for a single instance of the control in your markup. ASP.NET 4 adds two new algorithms for generating id attributes. These algorithms can generate id attributes that are easier to work with in client script because they are more predictable and that are easier to work with because they are simpler. For more information about how to use the new algorithms, see the following topics: ASP.NET Web Server Control Identification Walkthrough: Making Data-Bound Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript Walkthrough: Making Controls Located in Web User Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript How to: Access Controls from JavaScript by ID Persisting Row Selection in Data Controls The GridView and ListView controls enable users to select a row. In previous versions of ASP.NET, row selection was based on the row index on the page. For example, if you select the third item on page 1 and then move to page 2, the third item on page 2 is selected. In most cases, is more desirable not to select any rows on page 2. ASP.NET 4 supports Persisted Selection, a new feature that was initially supported only in Dynamic Data projects in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1. When this feature is enabled, the selected item is based on the row data key. This means that if you select the third row on page 1 and move to page 2, nothing is selected on page 2. When you move back to page 1, the third row is still selected. This is a much more natural behavior than the behavior in earlier versions of ASP.NET. Persisted selection is now supported for the GridView and ListView controls in all projects. You can enable this feature in the GridView control, for example, by setting the EnablePersistedSelection property, as shown in the following example: <asp:GridView id="GridView2" runat="server" PersistedSelection="true"> </asp:GridView> FormView Control Enhancements The FormView control is enhanced to make it easier to style the content of the control with CSS. In previous versions of ASP.NET, the FormView control rendered it contents using an item template. This made styling more difficult in the markup because unexpected table row and table cell tags were rendered by the control. The FormView control supports RenderOuterTable, a property in ASP.NET 4. When this property is set to false, as show in the following example, the table tags are not rendered. This makes it easier to apply CSS style to the contents of the control. <asp:FormView ID="FormView1" runat="server" RenderTable="false"> For more information, see FormView Web Server Control Overview. ListView Control Enhancements The ListView control, which was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5, has all the functionality of the GridView control while giving you complete control over the output. This control has been made easier to use in ASP.NET 4. The earlier version of the control required that you specify a layout template that contained a server control with a known ID. The following markup shows a typical example of how to use the ListView control in ASP.NET 3.5. <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <LayoutTemplate> <asp:PlaceHolder ID="ItemPlaceHolder" runat="server"></asp:PlaceHolder> </LayoutTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> In ASP.NET 4, the ListView control does not require a layout template. The markup shown in the previous example can be replaced with the following markup: <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> For more information, see ListView Web Server Control Overview. Filtering Data with the QueryExtender Control A very common task for developers who create data-driven Web pages is to filter data. This traditionally has been performed by building Where clauses in data source controls. This approach can be complicated, and in some cases the Where syntax does not let you take advantage of the full functionality of the underlying database. To make filtering easier, a new QueryExtender control has been added in ASP.NET 4. This control can be added to EntityDataSource or LinqDataSource controls in order to filter the data returned by these controls. Because the QueryExtender control relies on LINQ, but you do not to need to know how to write LINQ queries to use the query extender. The QueryExtender control supports a variety of filter options. The following lists QueryExtender filter options. Term Definition SearchExpression Searches a field or fields for string values and compares them to a specified string value. RangeExpression Searches a field or fields for values in a range specified by a pair of values. PropertyExpression Compares a specified value to a property value in a field. If the expression evaluates to true, the data that is being examined is returned. OrderByExpression Sorts data by a specified column and sort direction. CustomExpression Calls a function that defines custom filter in the page. For more information, see QueryExtenderQueryExtender Web Server Control Overview. Enhanced Support for Web Standards and Accessibility Earlier versions of ASP.NET controls sometimes render markup that does not conform to HTML, XHTML, or accessibility standards. ASP.NET 4 eliminates most of these exceptions. For details about how the HTML that is rendered by each control meets accessibility standards, see ASP.NET Controls and Accessibility. CSS for Controls that Can be Disabled In ASP.NET 3.5, when a control is disabled (see WebControl.Enabled), a disabled attribute is added to the rendered HTML element. For example, the following markup creates a Label control that is disabled: <asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server"   Text="Test" Enabled="false" /> In ASP.NET 3.5, the previous control settings generate the following HTML: <span id="Label1" disabled="disabled">Test</span> In HTML 4.01, the disabled attribute is not considered valid on span elements. It is valid only on input elements because it specifies that they cannot be accessed. On display-only elements such as span elements, browsers typically support rendering for a disabled appearance, but a Web page that relies on this non-standard behavior is not robust according to accessibility standards. For display-only elements, you should use CSS to indicate a disabled visual appearance. Therefore, by default ASP.NET 4 generates the following HTML for the control settings shown previously: <span id="Label1" class="aspNetDisabled">Test</span> You can change the value of the class attribute that is rendered by default when a control is disabled by setting the DisabledCssClass property. CSS for Validation Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, validation controls render a default color of red as an inline style. For example, the following markup creates a RequiredFieldValidator control: <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"   ErrorMessage="Required Field" ControlToValidate="RadioButtonList1" /> ASP.NET 3.5 renders the following HTML for the validator control: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1"   style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> By default, ASP.NET 4 does not render an inline style to set the color to red. An inline style is used only to hide or show the validator, as shown in the following example: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1"   style"visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> Therefore, ASP.NET 4 does not automatically show error messages in red. For information about how to use CSS to specify a visual style for a validation control, see Validating User Input in ASP.NET Web Pages. CSS for the Hidden Fields Div Element ASP.NET uses hidden fields to store state information such as view state and control state. These hidden fields are contained by a div element. In ASP.NET 3.5, this div element does not have a class attribute or an id attribute. Therefore, CSS rules that affect all div elements could unintentionally cause this div to be visible. To avoid this problem, ASP.NET 4 renders the div element for hidden fields with a CSS class that you can use to differentiate the hidden fields div from others. The new classvalue is shown in the following example: <div class="aspNetHidden"> CSS for the Table, Image, and ImageButton Controls By default, in ASP.NET 3.5, some controls set the border attribute of rendered HTML to zero (0). The following example shows HTML that is generated by the Table control in ASP.NET 3.5: <table id="Table2" border="0"> The Image control and the ImageButton control also do this. Because this is not necessary and provides visual formatting information that should be provided by using CSS, the attribute is not generated in ASP.NET 4. CSS for the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress controls do not support expando attributes. This makes it impossible to set a CSS class on the HTMLelements that they render. In ASP.NET 4 these controls have been changed to accept expando attributes, as shown in the following example: <asp:UpdatePanel runat="server" class="myStyle"> </asp:UpdatePanel> The following HTML is rendered for this markup: <div id="ctl00_MainContent_UpdatePanel1" class="expandoclass"> </div> Eliminating Unnecessary Outer Tables In ASP.NET 3.5, the HTML that is rendered for the following controls is wrapped in a table element whose purpose is to apply inline styles to the entire control: FormView Login PasswordRecovery ChangePassword If you use templates to customize the appearance of these controls, you can specify CSS styles in the markup that you provide in the templates. In that case, no extra outer table is required. In ASP.NET 4, you can prevent the table from being rendered by setting the new RenderOuterTable property to false. Layout Templates for Wizard Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the Wizard and CreateUserWizard controls generate an HTML table element that is used for visual formatting. In ASP.NET 4 you can use a LayoutTemplate element to specify the layout. If you do this, the HTML table element is not generated. In the template, you create placeholder controls to indicate where items should be dynamically inserted into the control. (This is similar to how the template model for the ListView control works.) For more information, see the Wizard.LayoutTemplate property. New HTML Formatting Options for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList Controls ASP.NET 3.5 uses HTML table elements to format the output for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList controls. To provide an alternative that does not use tables for visual formatting, ASP.NET 4 adds two new options to the RepeatLayout enumeration: UnorderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ul and li elements instead of a table. OrderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ol and li elements instead of a table. For examples of HTML that is rendered for the new options, see the RepeatLayout enumeration. Header and Footer Elements for the Table Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Table control can be configured to render thead and tfoot elements by setting the TableSection property of the TableHeaderRow class and the TableFooterRow class. In ASP.NET 4 these properties are set to the appropriate values by default. CSS and ARIA Support for the Menu Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Menu control uses HTML table elements for visual formatting, and in some configurations it is not keyboard-accessible. ASP.NET 4 addresses these problems and improves accessibility in the following ways: The generated HTML is structured as an unordered list (ul and li elements). CSS is used for visual formatting. The menu behaves in accordance with ARIA standards for keyboard access. You can use arrow keys to navigate menu items. (For information about ARIA, see Accessibility in Visual Studio and ASP.NET.) ARIA role and property attributes are added to the generated HTML. (Attributes are added by using JavaScript instead of included in the HTML, to avoid generating HTML that would cause markup validation errors.) Styles for the Menu control are rendered in a style block at the top of the page, instead of inline with the rendered HTML elements. If you want to use a separate CSS file so that you can modify the menu styles, you can set the Menu control's new IncludeStyleBlock property to false, in which case the style block is not generated. Valid XHTML for the HtmlForm Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the HtmlForm control (which is created implicitly by the <form runat="server"> tag) renders an HTML form element that has both name and id attributes. The name attribute is deprecated in XHTML 1.1. Therefore, this control does not render the name attribute in ASP.NET 4. Maintaining Backward Compatibility in Control Rendering An existing ASP.NET Web site might have code in it that assumes that controls are rendering HTML the way they do in ASP.NET 3.5. To avoid causing backward compatibility problems when you upgrade the site to ASP.NET 4, you can have ASP.NET continue to generate HTML the way it does in ASP.NET 3.5 after you upgrade the site. To do so, you can set the controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion attribute of the pages element to "3.5" in the Web.config file of an ASP.NET 4 Web site, as shown in the following example: <system.web>   <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5"/> </system.web> If this setting is omitted, the default value is the same as the version of ASP.NET that the Web site targets. (For information about multi-targeting in ASP.NET, see .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects.) ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC helps Web developers build compelling standards-based Web sites that are easy to maintain because it decreases the dependency among application layers by using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. MVC provides complete control over the page markup. It also improves testability by inherently supporting Test Driven Development (TDD). Web sites created using ASP.NET MVC have a modular architecture. This allows members of a team to work independently on the various modules and can be used to improve collaboration. For example, developers can work on the model and controller layers (data and logic), while the designer work on the view (presentation). For tutorials, walkthroughs, conceptual content, code samples, and a complete API reference, see ASP.NET MVC 2. Dynamic Data Dynamic Data was introduced in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 release in mid-2008. This feature provides many enhancements for creating data-driven applications, such as the following: A RAD experience for quickly building a data-driven Web site. Automatic validation that is based on constraints defined in the data model. The ability to easily change the markup that is generated for fields in the GridView and DetailsView controls by using field templates that are part of your Dynamic Data project. For ASP.NET 4, Dynamic Data has been enhanced to give developers even more power for quickly building data-driven Web sites. For more information, see ASP.NET Dynamic Data Content Map. Enabling Dynamic Data for Individual Data-Bound Controls in Existing Web Applications You can use Dynamic Data features in existing ASP.NET Web applications that do not use scaffolding by enabling Dynamic Data for individual data-bound controls. Dynamic Data provides the presentation and data layer support for rendering these controls. When you enable Dynamic Data for data-bound controls, you get the following benefits: Setting default values for data fields. Dynamic Data enables you to provide default values at run time for fields in a data control. Interacting with the database without creating and registering a data model. Automatically validating the data that is entered by the user without writing any code. For more information, see Walkthrough: Enabling Dynamic Data in ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls. New Field Templates for URLs and E-mail Addresses ASP.NET 4 introduces two new built-in field templates, EmailAddress.ascx and Url.ascx. These templates are used for fields that are marked as EmailAddress or Url using the DataTypeAttribute attribute. For EmailAddress objects, the field is displayed as a hyperlink that is created by using the mailto: protocol. When users click the link, it opens the user's e-mail client and creates a skeleton message. Objects typed as Url are displayed as ordinary hyperlinks. The following example shows how to mark fields. [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)] public object HomeEmail { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Url)] public object Website { get; set; } Creating Links with the DynamicHyperLink Control Dynamic Data uses the new routing feature that was added in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 to control the URLs that users see when they access the Web site. The new DynamicHyperLink control makes it easy to build links to pages in a Dynamic Data site. For information, see How to: Create Table Action Links in Dynamic Data Support for Inheritance in the Data Model Both the ADO.NET Entity Framework and LINQ to SQL support inheritance in their data models. An example of this might be a database that has an InsurancePolicy table. It might also contain CarPolicy and HousePolicy tables that have the same fields as InsurancePolicy and then add more fields. Dynamic Data has been modified to understand inherited objects in the data model and to support scaffolding for the inherited tables. For more information, see Walkthrough: Mapping Table-per-Hierarchy Inheritance in Dynamic Data. Support for Many-to-Many Relationships (Entity Framework Only) The Entity Framework has rich support for many-to-many relationships between tables, which is implemented by exposing the relationship as a collection on an Entity object. New field templates (ManyToMany.ascx and ManyToMany_Edit.ascx) have been added to provide support for displaying and editing data that is involved in many-to-many relationships. For more information, see Working with Many-to-Many Data Relationships in Dynamic Data. New Attributes to Control Display and Support Enumerations The DisplayAttribute has been added to give you additional control over how fields are displayed. The DisplayNameAttribute attribute in earlier versions of Dynamic Data enabled you to change the name that is used as a caption for a field. The new DisplayAttribute class lets you specify more options for displaying a field, such as the order in which a field is displayed and whether a field will be used as a filter. The attribute also provides independent control of the name that is used for the labels in a GridView control, the name that is used in a DetailsView control, the help text for the field, and the watermark used for the field (if the field accepts text input). The EnumDataTypeAttribute class has been added to let you map fields to enumerations. When you apply this attribute to a field, you specify an enumeration type. Dynamic Data uses the new Enumeration.ascx field template to create UI for displaying and editing enumeration values. The template maps the values from the database to the names in the enumeration. Enhanced Support for Filters Dynamic Data 1.0 had built-in filters for Boolean columns and foreign-key columns. The filters did not let you specify the order in which they were displayed. The new DisplayAttribute attribute addresses this by giving you control over whether a column appears as a filter and in what order it will be displayed. An additional enhancement is that filtering support has been rewritten to use the new QueryExtender feature of Web Forms. This lets you create filters without requiring knowledge of the data source control that the filters will be used with. Along with these extensions, filters have also been turned into template controls, which lets you add new ones. Finally, the DisplayAttribute class mentioned earlier allows the default filter to be overridden, in the same way that UIHint allows the default field template for a column to be overridden. For more information, see Walkthrough: Filtering Rows in Tables That Have a Parent-Child Relationship and QueryableFilterRepeater. ASP.NET Chart Control The ASP.NET chart server control enables you to create ASP.NET pages applications that have simple, intuitive charts for complex statistical or financial analysis. The chart control supports the following features: Data series, chart areas, axes, legends, labels, titles, and more. Data binding. Data manipulation, such as copying, splitting, merging, alignment, grouping, sorting, searching, and filtering. Statistical formulas and financial formulas. Advanced chart appearance, such as 3-D, anti-aliasing, lighting, and perspective. Events and customizations. Interactivity and Microsoft Ajax. Support for the Ajax Content Delivery Network (CDN), which provides an optimized way for you to add Microsoft Ajax Library and jQuery scripts to your Web applications. For more information, see Chart Web Server Control Overview. Visual Web Developer Enhancements The following sections provide information about enhancements and new features in Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Web Developer Express. The Web page designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been enhanced for better CSS compatibility, includes additional support for HTML and ASP.NET markup snippets, and features a redesigned version of IntelliSense for JScript. Improved CSS Compatibility The Visual Web Developer designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been updated to improve CSS 2.1 standards compliance. The designer better preserves HTML source code and is more robust than in previous versions of Visual Studio. HTML and JScript Snippets In the HTML editor, IntelliSense auto-completes tag names. The IntelliSense Snippets feature auto-completes whole tags and more. In Visual Studio 2010, IntelliSense snippets are supported for JScript, alongside C# and Visual Basic, which were supported in earlier versions of Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2010 includes over 200 snippets that help you auto-complete common ASP.NET and HTML tags, including required attributes (such as runat="server") and common attributes specific to a tag (such as ID, DataSourceID, ControlToValidate, and Text). You can download additional snippets, or you can write your own snippets that encapsulate the blocks of markup that you or your team use for common tasks. For more information on HTML snippets, see Walkthrough: Using HTML Snippets. JScript IntelliSense Enhancements In Visual 2010, JScript IntelliSense has been redesigned to provide an even richer editing experience. IntelliSense now recognizes objects that have been dynamically generated by methods such as registerNamespace and by similar techniques used by other JavaScript frameworks. Performance has been improved to analyze large libraries of script and to display IntelliSense with little or no processing delay. Compatibility has been significantly increased to support almost all third-party libraries and to support diverse coding styles. Documentation comments are now parsed as you type and are immediately leveraged by IntelliSense. Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 For Web application projects, Visual Studio now provides tools that work with the IIS Web Deployment Tool (Web Deploy) to automate many processes that had to be done manually in earlier versions of ASP.NET. For example, the following tasks can now be automated: Creating an IIS application on the destination computer and configuring IIS settings. Copying files to the destination computer. Changing Web.config settings that must be different in the destination environment. Propagating changes to data or data structures in SQL Server databases that are used by the Web application. For more information about Web application deployment, see ASP.NET Deployment Content Map. Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET 4 adds new features to the multi-targeting feature to make it easier to work with projects that target earlier versions of the .NET Framework. Multi-targeting was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5 to enable you to use the latest version of Visual Studio without having to upgrade existing Web sites or Web services to the latest version of the .NET Framework. In Visual Studio 2008, when you work with a project targeted for an earlier version of the .NET Framework, most features of the development environment adapt to the targeted version. However, IntelliSense displays language features that are available in the current version, and property windows display properties available in the current version. In Visual Studio 2010, only language features and properties available in the targeted version of the .NET Framework are shown. For more information about multi-targeting, see the following topics: .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects ASP.NET Side-by-Side Execution Overview How to: Host Web Applications That Use Different Versions of the .NET Framework on the Same Server How to: Deploy Web Site Projects Targeted for Earlier Versions of the .NET Framework

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• Challenge 19 – An Explanation of a Query

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  I have received a number of requests for an explanation of my winning query of TSQL Challenge 19. This involved traversing a hierarchy of employees and rolling a count of orders from subordinates up to superiors. The first concept I shall address is the hierarchyId , which is constructed within the CTE called cteTree.   cteTree is a recursive cte that will expand the parent-child hierarchy of the personnel in the table @emp.  One useful feature with a recursive cte is that data can be ‘passed’ from the parent to the child data.  The hierarchyId column is similar to the hierarchyId data type that was introduced in SQL Server 2008 and represents the position of the person within the organisation. Let us start with a simplistic example Albert manages Bob and Eddie.  Bob manages Carl and Dave. The hierarchyId will represent each person’s position in this relationship in a single field.  In this simple example we could append the userID together into a varchar field as detailed below. This will enable us to select a branch of the tree by filtering using Where hierarchyId  ‘1,2%’ to select Bob and all his subordinates.  Naturally, this is not comprehensive enough to provide a full solution, but as opposed to concatenating the Id’s together into a varchar datatyped column, we can apply the same theory to a varbinary.  By CASTing the ID’s into a datatype of varbinary(4) ,4 is used as 4 bytes of data are used to store an integer and building a hierarchyId  from those.  For example: The important point to bear in mind for later in the query is that the binary data generated is 'byte order comparable'. ie We can ORDER a dataset with it and the resulting data, will be in the order required. Now, would probably be a good time to download the example file and, after the cte ‘cteTree’, uncomment the line ‘select * from cteTree’.  Mark this and all prior code and execute.  This will show you how this theory directly relates to the actual challenge data.  The only deviation from the above, is that instead of using the ID of an employee, I have used the row_number() ranking function to order each level by LastName,Firstname.  This enables me to order by the HierarchyId in the final result set so that the result set is in the required order. Your output should be something like the below.  Notice also the ‘Level’ Column that contains the depth that the employee is within the tree.  I would encourage you to ‘play’ with the query, change the order in the row_number() or the length of the cast in the hierarchyId to see how that effects the outcome.  The next cte, ‘cteTreeWithOrderCount’, is a join between cteTree and the @ord table, and COUNT’s the number of orders per employee.  A LEFT JOIN is employed here to account for the occasion where an employee has made no sales.   Executing a ‘Select * from cteTreeWithOrderCount’ will return the result set as below.  The order here is unimportant as this is only a staging point of the data and only the final result set in a cte chain needs an Order by clause, unless TOP is utilised. cteExplode joins the above result set to the tally table (Nums) for Level Occurances.  So, if level is 2 then 2 rows are required.  This is done to expand the dataset, to create a new column (PathInc), which is the (n+1) integers contained within the heirarchyid.  For example, with the data for Robert King as given above, the below 3 rows will be returned. From this you can see that the pathinc column now contains the values for Andrew Fuller and Steven Buchanan who are Robert King’s superiors within the tree.    Finally cteSumUp, sums the orders for each person and their subordinates using the PathInc generated above, and the final select does the final simple mathematics and filters to restrict the result set to only the ‘original’ row per employee.

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• “Query cost (relative to the batch)” <> Query cost relative to batch

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  OK, so that is quite a contradictory title, but unfortunately it is true that a common misconception is that the query with the highest percentage relative to batch is the worst performing.  Simply put, it is a lie, or more accurately we dont understand what these figures mean. Consider the two below simple queries: SELECT * FROM Person.BusinessEntity JOIN Person.BusinessEntityAddress ON Person.BusinessEntity.BusinessEntityID = Person.BusinessEntityAddress.BusinessEntityID go SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID After executing these and looking at the plans, I see this : So, a 13% / 87% split ,  but 13% / 87% of WHAT ? CPU ? Duration ? Reads ? Writes ? or some magical weighted algorithm ?  In a Profiler trace of the two we can find the metrics we are interested in. CPU and duration are well out but what about reads (210 and 1935)? To save you doing the maths, though you are more than welcome to, that’s a 90.2% / 9.8% split.  Close, but no cigar. Lets try a different tact.  Looking at the execution plan the “Estimated Subtree cost” of query 1 is 0.29449 and query 2 its 1.96596.  Again to save you the maths that works out to 13.03% and 86.97%, round those and thats the figures we are after.  But, what is the worrying word there ? “Estimated”.  So these are not “actual”  execution costs,  but what’s the problem in comparing the estimated costs to derive a meaning of “Most Costly”.  Well, in the case of simple queries such as the above , probably not a lot.  In more complicated queries , a fair bit. By modifying the second query to also show the total number of lines on each order SELECT *,COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID) FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID The split in percentages is now 6% / 94% and the profiler metrics are : Even more of a discrepancy. Estimates can be out with actuals for a whole host of reasons,  scalar UDF’s are a particular bug bear of mine and in-fact the cost of a udf call is entirely hidden inside the execution plan.  It always estimates to 0 (well, a very small number). Take for instance the following udf Create Function dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(@CustomerId integer) returns money as begin Declare @Sum money Select @Sum= SUM(SalesOrderHeader.TotalDue) from Sales.SalesOrderHeader where CustomerID = @CustomerId return @Sum end If we have two statements , one that fires the udf and another that doesn't: Select CustomerID from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID go Select CustomerID,dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(Customer.CustomerID) from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID The costs relative to batch is a 50/50 split, but the has to be an actual cost of firing the udf. Indeed profiler shows us : No where even remotely near 50/50!!!! Moving forward to window framing functionality in SQL Server 2012 the optimizer sees ROWS and RANGE ( see here for their functional differences) as the same ‘cost’ too SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid RANGE unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail go SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid Rows unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail By now it wont be a great display to show you the Profiler trace reads a *tiny* bit different. So moral of the story, Percentage relative to batch can give a rough ‘finger in the air’ measurement, but dont rely on it as fact.

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• Drupal Modules for SEO & Content

  - by Aditi

  When we talk about Drupal SEO, there are two things to consider one is about the relevant SEO practices and about appropriate Drupal Modules available. Optimizing your website for search engines is one of the most important aspect of launching & promoting your website especially if ranking matters to you. Understanding SEO For starters, you have begin with Keyword research and then optimize your content according to your findings by tagging, meta tags etc, Drupal modules once installed help you manage a lot of such parameters. Identifying the target keywords Using the Page Title and Token modules PathAuto configuration <H1> heading tags Optimizing Drupal’s default robots.txt file Etc. While Drupal gives you a lot of ability to make your website content worthy & search engine friendly it is important for you to make sure you are not crossing the line or you could get penalized. Modules Overview Drupal Power is at its best when you have these modules & great brain working together. The basic SEO improvements can be achieved easily with the modules enlisted below, but you can win magical rankings if you use them logically & wisely. Understanding your keyword competition & enhancing your content is the basic key to success and ofcourse the modules: Pathauto Automatically create search enging friendly readable URLS from tokens. A token is a piece of data from content, say the author’s username, or the content’s title. For example mysite.com/an-article, rather than mysite.com/node/114 for every node you make. NodeWords Amazingly useful drupal module that allows you to create custom meta tags and descriptions for your nodes, which gives you the ability to target specific keywords and phrases. Page Title Enables you to set an alternative title for the <title></title> tags and for the <h1></h1> tags on a node. Global Redirect Manage content duplication, 301 redirects, and URL validation with this small, but powerful module. Taxonomy manager Make large additions, or changes to taxonomy very easy. This module provides a powerful interface for managing taxonomies. A vocabulary gets displayed in a dynamic tree view, where parent terms can be expanded to list their nested child terms or can be collapsed. robotstxt A robots.txt file is vital for ensuring that search engine spiders don’t index the unwanted areas of your site. This Drupal module gives you the ability to manage your robots.txt file through the CMS admin. xmlsitemap An XML Sitemap lets the search engines index your website content. This module helps in generating and maintaining a complete sitemap for your website and gives you control over exactly which parts of the site you want to be included in the index. It even gives you the ability to automatically submit your sitemap to Google, Yahoo!, Ask.com and Windows Live every time you update a node or at specific interval. Node Import This module allows you to import a set of nodes from a Comma Seperated Values (CSV) or Tab Seperated Values (TSV) text file. Makes it easy to import hundreds-thousands of csv rows and you get to tie up these rows to CCK fields (or locations), and it can file it under the right taxonomy hierarchy. This is Super life saver module.

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• ASP.NET MVC: Simple view to display contents of DataTable

  - by DigiMortal

  In one of my current projects I have to show reports based on SQL Server views. My code should be not aware of data it shows. It just asks data from view and displays it user. As WebGrid didn’t seem to work with DataTable (at least with no hocus-pocus) I wrote my own very simple view that shows contents of DataTable. I don’t focus right now on data querying questions as this part of my simple generic reporting stuff is still under construction. If the final result is something good enough to share with wider audience I will blog about it for sure. My view uses DataTable as model. It iterates through columns collection to get column names and then iterates through rows and writes out values of all columns. Nothing special, just simple generic view for DataTable. @model System.Data.DataTable @using System.Data; <h2>Report</h2> <table>     <thead>     <tr>     @foreach (DataColumn col in Model.Columns)         {                  <th>@col.ColumnName</th>     }         </tr>     </thead>             <tbody>     @foreach (DataRow row in Model.Rows)         {                 <tr>         @foreach (DataColumn col in Model.Columns)                 {                          <td>@row[col.ColumnName]</td>         }                 </tr>     }         </tbody> </table> In my controller action I have code like this. GetParams() is simple function that reads parameter values from form. This part of my simple reporting system is still under construction but as you can see it will be easy to use for UI developers. public ActionResult TasksByProjectReport() {      var data = _reportService.GetReportData("MEMOS",GetParams());      return View(data); } Before seeing next silver bullet in this example please calm down. It is just plain and simple stuff for simple needs. If you need advanced and powerful reporting system then better use existing components by some vendor.

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• Inappropriate Updates?

  - by Tony Davis

  A recent Simple-talk article by Kathi Kellenberger dissected the fastest SQL solution, submitted by Peter Larsson as part of Phil Factor's SQL Speed Phreak challenge, to the classic "running total" problem. In its analysis of the code, the article re-ignited a heated debate regarding the techniques that should, and should not, be deemed acceptable in your search for fast SQL code. Peter's code for running total calculation uses a variation of a somewhat contentious technique, sometimes referred to as a "quirky update": SET @Subscribers = Subscribers = @Subscribers + PeopleJoined - PeopleLeft This form of the UPDATE statement, @variable = column = expression, is documented and it allows you to set a variable to the value returned by the expression. Microsoft does not guarantee the order in which rows are updated in this technique because, in relational theory, a table doesn’t have a natural order to its rows and the UPDATE statement has no means of specifying the order. Traditionally, in cases where a specific order is requires, such as for running aggregate calculations, programmers who used the technique have relied on the fact that the UPDATE statement, without the WHERE clause, is executed in the order imposed by the clustered index, or in heap order, if there isn’t one. Peter wasn’t satisfied with this, and so used the ingenious device of assuring the order of the UPDATE by the use of an "ordered CTE", based on an underlying temporary staging table (a heap). However, in either case, the ordering is still not guaranteed and, in addition, would be broken under conditions of parallelism, or partitioning. Many argue, with validity, that this reliance on a given order where none can ever be guaranteed is an abuse of basic relational principles, and so is a bad practice; perhaps even irresponsible. More importantly, Microsoft doesn't wish to support the technique and offers no guarantee that it will always work. If you put it into production and it breaks in a later version, you can't file a bug. As such, many believe that the technique should never be tolerated in a production system, under any circumstances. Is this attitude justified? After all, both forms of the technique, using a clustered index to guarantee the order or using an ordered CTE, have been tested rigorously and are proven to be robust; although not guaranteed by Microsoft, the ordering is reliable, provided none of the conditions that are known to break it are violated. In Peter's particular case, the technique is being applied to a temporary table, where the developer has full control of the data ordering, and indexing, and knows that the table will never be subject to parallelism or partitioning. It might be argued that, in such circumstances, the technique is not really "quirky" at all and to ban it from your systems would server no real purpose other than to deprive yourself of a reliable technique that has uses that extend well beyond the running total calculations. Of course, it is doubly important that such a technique, including its unsupported status and the assumptions that underpin its success, is fully and clearly documented, preferably even when posting it online in a competition or forum post. Ultimately, however, this technique has been available to programmers throughout the time Sybase and SQL Server has existed, and so cannot be lightly cast aside, even if one sympathises with Microsoft for the awkwardness of maintaining an archaic way of doing updates. After all, a Table hint could easily be devised that, if specified in the WITH (<Table_Hint_Limited>) clause, could be used to request the database engine to do the update in the conventional order. Then perhaps everyone would be satisfied. Cheers, Tony.

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• Introducing MySQL for Excel

  - by Javier Treviño

  As part of the new product initiatives of the MySQL on Windows group we released a tool that makes the task of getting data in and out of a MySQL Database very friendly and intuitive, and we paired it with one of the preferred applications for data analysis and manipulation in Windows platforms, MS Excel. Welcome to MySQL for Excel, an add-in that is installed and accessed from within the MS Excel’s Data tab offering a wizard-like interface arranged in an elegant yet simple way to help users browse MySQL Schemas, Tables, Views and Procedures and perform data operations against them using MS Excel as the vehicle to drive the data in and out MySQL Databases. One of the coolest features we had in mind designing MySQL for Excel is simplicity. MS Excel is simple and easy to work with, thus liked by many Windows users because they don’t have to be software gurus to use it.  We applied the same principle by targeting MySQL for Excel to any kind of user, so if you are already familiarized with Excel’s interface you will find yourself working with MySQL data in no time. MySQL for Excel is shipped within the MySQL Installer as one of the tools in the suite; if prerequisites are already installed (.NET Framework 4.0, Visual Studio Tools for Office 4.0 and of course MS Office), installing the add-in involves a very few clicks and no further setup to use it. Being an Excel Add-In there is no executable file involved after the installation, running MS Excel and opening the add-in from its Data tab is all that is required. MySQL for Excel automatically integrates with MySQL Workbench (if installed) to share the same connections to MySQL Server installations, that way connections are defined just once in either product saving time.  Opening the Add-In brings the Welcome Panel at the right side of the Excel main window from which connections to MySQL Servers are shown grouped by Local VS Remote connections; then users can open any of those connections by double-clicking it and entering the password of the used account.  Additionally a user can create a connection by clicking on the New Connection action label or edit connections through MySQL Workbench (if installed) by clicking on the Manage Connections action label. Once a connection is opened, the Schema Selection panel is shown, at the top of it the selected connection (connection name, hostname/IP and username). Just below, a list of schemas is displayed where User Schemas are grouped first followed by System Schemas; users can double-click any selected schema to go to the next panel or select a schema and clicking the Next > button. Users can alternatively click on the < Back button to go back to the Welcome Panel to close the current connection and open a new one; also by clicking the Create New Schema action label they can create an empty new schema. Once a schema is opened the DB Object Selection panel is shown, this is actually the place where the fun stuff happens; from here users are able to perform actions against MySQL Tables, Views and Procedures. ">The actions available here are about importing data from a MySQL Table, View or Procedure to Excel, exporting Excel data to a new MySQL Table, appending Excel data to an existing MySQL Table or editing a MySQL Table’s data by using an Excel Worksheet as a user interface to update data in any row/column, insert new rows or delete existing rows in a very easy and friendly way. More blog posts will follow describing all of these actions, so stay tuned! Remember that your feedback is very important for us, so drop us a message: · MySQL on Windows (this) Blog - https://blogs.oracle.com/MySqlOnWindows/ · Forum - http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?172 · Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/mysql Cheers!

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• SPARC T4-2 Produces World Record Oracle Essbase Aggregate Storage Benchmark Result

  - by Brian

  Significance of Results Oracle's SPARC T4-2 server configured with a Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array and running Oracle Solaris 10 with Oracle Database 11g has achieved exceptional performance for the Oracle Essbase Aggregate Storage Option benchmark. The benchmark has upwards of 1 billion records, 15 dimensions and millions of members. Oracle Essbase is a multi-dimensional online analytical processing (OLAP) server and is well-suited to work well with SPARC T4 servers. The SPARC T4-2 server (2 cpus) running Oracle Essbase 11.1.2.2.100 outperformed the previous published results on Oracle's SPARC Enterprise M5000 server (4 cpus) with Oracle Essbase 11.1.1.3 on Oracle Solaris 10 by 80%, 32% and 2x performance improvement on Data Loading, Default Aggregation and Usage Based Aggregation, respectively. The SPARC T4-2 server with Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array and Oracle Essbase running on Oracle Solaris 10 achieves sub-second query response times for 20,000 users in a 15 dimension database. The SPARC T4-2 server configured with Oracle Essbase was able to aggregate and store values in the database for a 15 dimension cube in 398 minutes with 16 threads and in 484 minutes with 8 threads. The Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array provides more than a 20% improvement out-of-the-box compared to a mid-size fiber channel disk array for default aggregation and user-based aggregation. The Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array with Oracle Essbase provides the best combination for large Oracle Essbase databases leveraging Oracle Solaris ZFS and taking advantage of high bandwidth for faster load and aggregation. Oracle Fusion Middleware provides a family of complete, integrated, hot pluggable and best-of-breed products known for enabling enterprise customers to create and run agile and intelligent business applications. Oracle Essbase's performance demonstrates why so many customers rely on Oracle Fusion Middleware as their foundation for innovation. Performance Landscape System Data Size(millions of items) Database Load(minutes) Default Aggregation(minutes) Usage Based Aggregation(minutes) SPARC T4-2, 2 x SPARC T4 2.85 GHz 1000 149 398* 55 Sun M5000, 4 x SPARC64 VII 2.53 GHz 1000 269 526 115 Sun M5000, 4 x SPARC64 VII 2.4 GHz 400 120 448 18 * – 398 mins with CALCPARALLEL set to 16; 484 mins with CALCPARALLEL threads set to 8 Configuration Summary Hardware Configuration: 1 x SPARC T4-2 2 x 2.85 GHz SPARC T4 processors 128 GB memory 2 x 300 GB 10000 RPM SAS internal disks Storage Configuration: 1 x Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array 40 x 24 GB flash modules SAS HBA with 2 SAS channels Data Storage Scheme Striped - RAID 0 Oracle Solaris ZFS Software Configuration: Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 Installer V 11.1.2.2.100 Oracle Essbase Client v 11.1.2.2.100 Oracle Essbase v 11.1.2.2.100 Oracle Essbase Administration services 64-bit Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) HP's Mercury Interactive QuickTest Professional 9.5.0 Benchmark Description The objective of the Oracle Essbase Aggregate Storage Option benchmark is to showcase the ability of Oracle Essbase to scale in terms of user population and data volume for large enterprise deployments. Typical administrative and end-user operations for OLAP applications were simulated to produce benchmark results. The benchmark test results include: Database Load: Time elapsed to build a database including outline and data load. Default Aggregation: Time elapsed to build aggregation. User Based Aggregation: Time elapsed of the aggregate views proposed as a result of tracked retrieval queries. Summary of the data used for this benchmark: 40 flat files, each of size 1.2 GB, 49.4 GB in total 10 million rows per file, 1 billion rows total 28 columns of data per row Database outline has 15 dimensions (five of them are attribute dimensions) Customer dimension has 13.3 million members 3 rule files Key Points and Best Practices The Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array has been used to accelerate the application performance. Setting data load threads (DLTHREADSPREPARE) to 64 and Load Buffer to 6 improved dataloading by about 9%. Factors influencing aggregation materialization performance are "Aggregate Storage Cache" and "Number of Threads" (CALCPARALLEL) for parallel view materialization. The optimal values for this workload on the SPARC T4-2 server were: Aggregate Storage Cache: 32 GB CALCPARALLEL: 16   See Also Oracle Essbase Aggregate Storage Option Benchmark on Oracle's SPARC T4-2 Server oracle.com Oracle Essbase oracle.com OTN SPARC T4-2 Server oracle.com OTN Oracle Solaris oracle.com OTN Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Enterprise Edition oracle.com OTN Disclosure Statement Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Results as of 28 August 2012.

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• Serial plans: Threshold / Parallel_degree_limit = 1

  - by jean-pierre.dijcks

  As a very short follow up on the previous post. So here is some more on getting a serial plan and why that happens Another reason - compared to the auto DOP is not on as we looked at in the earlier post - and often more prevalent to get a serial plan is if the plan simply does not take long enough to consider a parallel path. The resulting plan and note looks like this (note that this is a serial plan!): explain plan for select count(1) from sales; SELECT PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY()); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 672559287 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id  | Operation            | Name  | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     | Pstart| Pstop | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |       |     1 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |       |     | |   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE      |       |     1 |            |          |       |     | |   2 |   PARTITION RANGE ALL|       |   960 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |     1 |  16 | |   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL | SALES |   960 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |     1 |  16 | Note -----    - automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 1 because of parallel threshold 14 rows selected. The parallel threshold is referring to parallel_min_time_threshold and since I did not change the default (10s) the plan is not being considered for a parallel degree computation and is therefore staying with the serial execution. Now we go into the land of crazy: Assume I do want this DOP=1 to happen, I could set the parameter in the init.ora, but to highlight it in this case I changed it on the session: alter session set parallel_degree_limit = 1; The result I get is: ERROR: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00096: invalid value 1 for parameter parallel_degree_limit, must be from among CPU IO AUTO INTEGER>=2 Which of course makes perfect sense...

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• Adding page title to each page while creating a PDF file using itextsharp in VB.NET

  - by Snowy

  I have recently started using itextsharp and gradually learning it. So far I created a PDF file and it seems great. I have added a table and some subtables as the first table cells to hold data. It is done using two for loops. The first one loops through all data and the second one is each individual data displayed in columns. The html outcome looks like the following: <table> <tr> <td>Page title in center</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table> <tr> <td>FirstPersonName</td> <td>Rank1</td> <td>info1a</td> <td>infob</td> <td>infoc</td> </tr> </table> </td> <td> <table> <tr> <td>SecondPersonName</td> <td>Rank2</td> <td>info1a</td> <td>infob</td> <td>infoc</td> <td>infod</td> <td>infoe</td> </tr> </table> </td> <td> <table> <tr> <td>ThirdPersonName</td> <td>Rank2</td> <td>info1a</td> <td>infob</td> <td>infoc</td> <td>infod</td> <td>infoe</td> <td>infof</td> <td>infog</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> For page headings, I added a cell at the top before any other cells. I need to add this heading to all pages. Depending on the size of data, some pages have two rows and some pages have three rows of data. So I can not tell exactly when the new page starts to add the heading/title. My question is how to add the heading/title to all pages. I use VB.net. I searched for answer online and had no success. Your help would be greatly appreciated.

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• jqGrid - customizing the multi-select option (restrict single selection and adding custom events)

  - by Renso

  Goal: Using the jgGrid to enable a selection of a checkbox for row selection - which is easy to set in the jqGrid - but also only allowing a single row to be selectable at a time while adding events based on whether the row was selected or de-selected. Environment: jQuery 1.4.4 jqGrid 3.4.4a Issue: The jqGrid does not support the option to restrict the multi-select to only allow for a single selection. You may ask, why bother with the multi-select checkbox function if you only want to allow for the selection of a single row? Good question, as an example, you want to reserve the selection of a row to trigger another kind of event and use the checkbox multi-select to handle a different kind of event; in other words, when I select the row I want something entirely different to happen than when I select to check off the checkbox for that row. Also the setSelection method of the jqGrid is a toggle and has no support for determining whether the checkbox has already been selected or not, So it will simply act as a switch - which it is designed to do - but with no way out of the box to only check off the box (as in not to de-select) rather than act like a switch. Furthermore, the getGridParam('selrow') does not indicate if the row was selected or de-selected, which seems a bit strange and is the main reason for this blog post. Solution: How this will act: When you check off a multi-select checkbox in the gird, and then commence to select another row by checking off that row's multi-select checkbox - I'm not talking there about clicking on the row but using the grid's multi-select checkbox - it will de-select the previous selection so that you are always left with only a single selection. Furthermore, once you select or de-select a multi-select checkbox, fire off an event that will be determined by whether or not the row was selected or de-selected, not just merely clicked on. So if I de-select the row do one thing but when selecting it do another. Implementation (this of course is only a partial code snippet):             multiselect: true,             multiboxonly: true,             onSelectRow: function (rowId) {                 var gridSelRow = $(item).getGridParam('selrow');                 var s;                 s = $(item).getGridParam('selarrrow');                 if (!s || !s[0]) {                     $(item).resetSelection();                     $('#productLineDetails').fadeOut();                     lastsel = null;                     return;                 }                 var selected = $.inArray(rowId, s) != -1;                 if (selected) {                     $('#productLineDetails').show();                 }                 else {                     $('#productLineDetails').fadeOut();                 }                 if (rowId && rowId !== lastsel && selected) {                     $(item).GridToForm(gridSelRow, '#productLineDetails');                     if (lastsel) $(item).setSelection(lastsel, false);                 }                 lastsel = rowId;             }, In the example code above: The "item" property is the id of the jqGrid. The following to settings ensure that the jqGrid will add the new column to select rows with a checkbox and also the not allow for the selection by clicking on the row but to force the user to have to click on the multi-select checkbox to select the row: multiselect: true, multiboxonly: true, Unfortunately the var gridSelRow = $(item).getGridParam('selrow') function will only return the row the user clicked on or rather that the row's checkbox was clicked on and NOT whether or not it was selected nor de-selected, but it retrieves the row id, which is what we will need. The following piece get's all rows that have been selected so far, as in have a checked off multi-select checkbox: var s; s = $(item).getGridParam('selarrrow'); Now determine if the checkbox the user just clicked on was selected or de-selected: var selected = $.inArray(rowId, s) != -1; If it was selected then show a container "#productLineDetails", if not hide that container away. The following instruction populates a form with the grid data using the built-in GridToForm method (just mentioned here as an example) ONLY if the row has been selected and NOT de-selected but more importantly to de-select any other multi-select checkbox that may have been selected: if (rowId && rowId !== lastsel && selected) {                     $(item).GridToForm(gridSelRow, '#productLineDetails');                     if (lastsel) $(item).setSelection(lastsel, false); }

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