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  • evaluating cost/benefits of using extension methods in C# => 3.0

    - by BillW
    Hi, In what circumstances (usage scenarios) would you choose to write an extension rather than sub-classing an object ? < full disclosure : I am not an MS employee; I do not know Mitsu Furota personally; I do know the author of the open-source Componax library mentioned here, but I have no business dealings with him whatsoever; I am not creating, or planning to create any commercial product using extensions : in sum : this post is from pure intellectal curiousity related to my trying to (continually) become aware of "best practices" I find the idea of extension methods "cool," and obviously you can do "far-out" things with them as in the many examples you can in Mitsu Furota's (MS) blog postslink text. A personal friend wrote the open-source Componax librarylink text, and there's some remarkable facilities in there; but he is in complete command of his small company with total control over code guidelines, and every line of code "passes through his hands." While this is speculation on my part : I think/guess other issues might come into play in a medium-to-large software team situation re use of Extensions. Looking at MS's guidelines at link text, you find : In general, you will probably be calling extension methods far more often than implementing your own. ... In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. Whenever possible, client code that must extend an existing type should do so by creating a new type derived from the existing type. For more information, see Inheritance (C# Programming Guide). ... When the compiler encounters a method invocation, it first looks for a match in the type's instance methods. If no match is found, it will search for any extension methods that are defined for the type, and bind to the first extension method that it finds. And at Ms's link text : Extension methods present no specific security vulnerabilities. They can never be used to impersonate existing methods on a type, because all name collisions are resolved in favor of the instance or static method defined by the type itself. Extension methods cannot access any private data in the extended class. Factors that seem obvious to me would include : I assume you would not write an extension unless you expected it be used very generally and very frequently. On the other hand : couldn't you say the same thing about sub-classing ? Knowing we can compile them into a seperate dll, and add the compiled dll, and reference it, and then use the extensions : is "cool," but does that "balance out" the cost inherent in the compiler first having to check to see if instance methods are defined as described above. Or the cost, in case of a "name clash," of using the Static invocation methods to make sure your extension is invoked rather than the instance definition ? How frequent use of Extensions would affect run-time performance or memory use : I have no idea. So, I'd appreciate your thoughts, or knowing about how/when you do, or don't do, use Extensions, compared to sub-classing. thanks, Bill

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  • numpy calling sse2 via ctypes

    - by Daniel
    Hello, In brief, I am trying to call into a shared library from python, more specifically, from numpy. The shared library is implemented in C using sse2 instructions. Enabling optimisation, i.e. building the library with -O2 or –O1, I am facing strange segfaults when calling into the shared library via ctypes. Disabling optimisation (-O0), everything works out as expected, as is the case when linking the library to a c-program directly (optimised or not). Attached you find a snipped which exhibits the delineated behaviour on my system. With optimisation enabled, gdb reports a segfault in __builtin_ia32_loadupd (__P) at emmintrin.h:113. The value of __P is reported as optimised out. test.c: #include <emmintrin.h> #include <complex.h> void test(const int m, const double* x, double complex* y) { int i; __m128d _f, _x, _b; double complex f __attribute__( (aligned(16)) ); double complex b __attribute__( (aligned(16)) ); __m128d* _p; b = 1; _b = _mm_loadu_pd( (double *) &b ); _p = (__m128d*) y; for(i=0; i<m; ++i) { f = cexp(-I*x[i]); _f = _mm_loadu_pd( (double *) &f ); _x = _mm_loadu_pd( (double *) &x[i] ); _f = _mm_shuffle_pd(_f, _f, 1); *_p = _mm_add_pd(*_p, _f); *_p = _mm_add_pd(*_p, _x); *_p = _mm_mul_pd(*_p,_b); _p++; } return; } Compiler flags: gcc -o libtest.so -shared -std=c99 -msse2 -fPIC -O2 -g -lm test.c test.py: import numpy as np import os def zerovec_aligned(nr, dtype=np.float64, boundary=16): '''Create an aligned array of zeros. ''' size = nr * np.dtype(dtype).itemsize tmp = np.zeros(size + boundary, dtype=np.uint8) address = tmp.__array_interface__['data'][0] offset = boundary - address % boundary return tmp[offset:offset + size].view(dtype=dtype) lib = np.ctypeslib.load_library('libtest', '.' ) lib.test.restype = None lib.test.argtypes = [np.ctypeslib.ctypes.c_int, np.ctypeslib.ndpointer(np.float64, flags=('C', 'A') ), np.ctypeslib.ndpointer(np.complex128, flags=('C', 'A', 'W') )] n = 13 y = zerovec_aligned(n, dtype=np.complex128) x = np.ones(n, dtype=np.float64) # x = zerovec_aligned(n, dtype=np.float64) # x[:] = 1. lib.test(n,x,y) My system: Ubuntu Linux i686 2.6.31-22-generic Compiler: gcc (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu9) Python: Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) [GCC 4.4.1] Numpy: 1.4.0 I have taken provisions (cf. python code) that y is aligned and the alignment of x should not matter (I think; explicitly aligning x does not solve the problem though). Note also that i use _mm_loadu_pd instead of _mm_load_pd when loading b and f. For the C-only version _mm_load_pd works (as expected). However, when calling the function via ctypes using _mm_load_pd always segfaults (independent of optimisation). I have tried several days to sort out this issue without success ... and I am on the verge beating my monitor to death. Any input welcome. Daniel

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  • What is the relation between ContentPane and JPanel?

    - by Roman
    I found one example in which buttons are added to panels (instances of JPanel) then panels are added to the the containers (instances generated by getContentPane) and then containers are, by the construction, included into the JFrame (the windows). I tried two things: I got rid of the containers. In more details, I added buttons to a panel (instance of JPanel) and then I added the panel to the windows (instance of JFrame). It worked fine. I got rid of the panels. In more details, I added buttons directly to the container and then I added the container to the window (instance of JFrame). So, I do not understand two things. Why do we have two competing mechanism to do the same things. What is the reason to use containers in combination with the panels (JPanel)? (For example, what for we include buttons in JPanels and then we include JPanels in the Containers). Can we include JPanel in JPanel? Can we include a container in container?

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  • Should java try blocks be scoped as tightly as possible?

    - by isme
    I've been told that there is some overhead in using the Java try-catch mechanism. So, while it is necessary to put methods that throw checked exception within a try block to handle the possible exception, it is good practice performance-wise to limit the size of the try block to contain only those operations that could throw exceptions. I'm not so sure that this is a sensible conclusion. Consider the two implementations below of a function that processes a specified text file. Even if it is true that the first one incurs some unnecessary overhead, I find it much easier to follow. It is less clear where exactly the exceptions come from just from looking at statements, but the comments clearly show which statements are responsible. The second one is much longer and complicated than the first. In particular, the nice line-reading idiom of the first has to be mangled to fit the readLine call into a try block. What is the best practice for handling exceptions in a funcion where multiple exceptions could be thrown in its definition? This one contains all the processing code within the try block: void processFile(File f) { try { // construction of FileReader can throw FileNotFoundException BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f)); // call of readLine can throw IOException String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { process(line); } } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { handle(ex); } catch (IOException ex) { handle(ex); } } This one contains only the methods that throw exceptions within try blocks: void processFile(File f) { FileReader reader; try { reader = new FileReader(f); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { handle(ex); return; } BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(reader); String line; while (true) { try { line = in.readLine(); } catch (IOException ex) { handle(ex); break; } if (line == null) { break; } process(line); } }

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  • topic-comment naming of functions/methods

    - by Daniel
    I was looking at American Sign Language the other day... and I noticed that the construction of the language was topic-comment. As in "Weather is good". That got me to thinking about why we name methods/functions in the manner of: function getName() { ... } function setName(v) { ... } If we think about naming in a topic-comment function, the function names would be function nameGet() { ... } function nameSet() { ... } This might be better for a class had multiple purposes. IE: class events { function ListAdd(); function ListDelete(); function ListGet(); function EventAdd(); function EventDelete(); function EventGet(); } This way the functions are grouped by "topic". Where as the former naming, functions are grouped Action-Noun, but are sorted by Noun. I thought this was an interesting POV, what do other people think about naming functions/methods Topic-Comment? Obviously, mixing naming conventions up in the same project would be weird, but overall? -daniel

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  • In Python, how can I find the index of the first item in a list that is NOT some value?

    - by Ryan B. Lynch
    Python's list type has an index(x) method. It takes a single parameter x, and returns the (integer) index of the first item in the list that has the value x. Basically, I need to invert the index(x) method. I need to get the index of the first value in a list that does NOT have the value x. I would probably be able to even just use a function that returns the index of the first item with a value != None. I can think of a 'for' loop implementation with an incrementing counter variable, but I feel like I'm missing something. Is there an existing method, or a one-line Python construction that can handle this? In my program, the situation comes up when I'm handling lists returned from complex regex matches. All but one item in each list have a value of None. If I just needed the matched string, I could use a list comprehension like '[x for x in [my_list] if x is not None]', but I need the index in order to figure out which capture group in my regex actually caused the match.

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  • Faster way to split a string and count characters using R?

    - by chrisamiller
    I'm looking for a faster way to calculate GC content for DNA strings read in from a FASTA file. This boils down to taking a string and counting the number of times that the letter 'G' or 'C' appears. I also want to specify the range of characters to consider. I have a working function that is fairly slow, and it's causing a bottleneck in my code. It looks like this: ## ## count the number of GCs in the characters between start and stop ## gcCount <- function(line, st, sp){ chars = strsplit(as.character(line),"")[[1]] numGC = 0 for(j in st:sp){ ##nested ifs faster than an OR (|) construction if(chars[[j]] == "g"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 }else if(chars[[j]] == "G"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 }else if(chars[[j]] == "c"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 }else if(chars[[j]] == "C"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 } } return(numGC) } Running Rprof gives me the following output: > a = "GCCCAAAATTTTCCGGatttaagcagacataaattcgagg" > Rprof(filename="Rprof.out") > for(i in 1:500000){gcCount(a,1,40)}; > Rprof(NULL) > summaryRprof(filename="Rprof.out") self.time self.pct total.time total.pct "gcCount" 77.36 76.8 100.74 100.0 "==" 18.30 18.2 18.30 18.2 "strsplit" 3.58 3.6 3.64 3.6 "+" 1.14 1.1 1.14 1.1 ":" 0.30 0.3 0.30 0.3 "as.logical" 0.04 0.0 0.04 0.0 "as.character" 0.02 0.0 0.02 0.0 $by.total total.time total.pct self.time self.pct "gcCount" 100.74 100.0 77.36 76.8 "==" 18.30 18.2 18.30 18.2 "strsplit" 3.64 3.6 3.58 3.6 "+" 1.14 1.1 1.14 1.1 ":" 0.30 0.3 0.30 0.3 "as.logical" 0.04 0.0 0.04 0.0 "as.character" 0.02 0.0 0.02 0.0 $sampling.time [1] 100.74 Any advice for making this code faster?

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  • Linq In Clause & Predicate building

    - by Michael G
    I have two tables. Report and ReportData. ReportData has a constraint ReportID. How can I write my linq query to return all Report objects where the predicate conditions are met for ReportData? Something like this in SQL: SELECT * FROM Report as r Where r.ServiceID = 3 and r.ReportID IN (Select ReportID FROM ReportData WHERE JobID LIKE 'Something%') This is how I'm building my predicate: Expression<Func<ReportData, bool>> predicate = PredicateBuilder.True<ReportData>(); predicate = predicate.And(x => x.JobID.StartsWith(QueryConfig.Instance.DataStreamName)); var q = engine.GetReports(predicate, reportsDataContext); reports = q.ToList(); This is my query construction at the moment: public override IQueryable<Report> GetReports(Expression<Func<ReportData, bool>> predicate, LLReportsDataContext reportDC) { if (reportDC == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("reportDC"); var q = reportDC.ReportDatas.Where(predicate).Where(r => r.ServiceID.Equals(1)).Select(r => r.Report); return q; }

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  • Making a jQuery plugin to feed Tumblr to site

    - by tylorreimer
    I have some experience with PHP and a little with JS but I'm far from anything proficient. I'm trying to make a jQuery plugin for my site that I can call in my HTML via something like this: $('.new').tumble({username: "tylor", count: 9}); Which would basically put the Tumblr list the code should make into the DIV with class 'new' in this case. Here is my code so far; the problem seems to be how to get it to pick up class/id from the original call (in the HTML) and use that in the jQuery. Here's the code so far: (function($) { $.fn.tumble = function(options){ var settings = $.extend({ username: null, // [string or array] required to get url for tumblr account count: 3, // [integer] how many posts to display? }, options); //url construction var url = "http://" + settings.username + ".tumblr.com"; var jsonurl = url + "/api/read/json?num=" + settings.count + "&callback=?"; $.getJSON(jsonurl, function(data) { var items = []; $.each(data.posts, function(id, url) { // Goes over each post in the JSON document retrieved from data URL var url = this.url; // Just assigns a variable to the url to avoid constantly writing "this.whatever" var photourl = this['photo-url-250']; // photo-url-xxx needs to be called this way due to integers in the name items.push('<li><a href="' + url + '">' + photourl + '</a></li>'); }); $('<ul/>', { // Creates an empty list html: items.join('') // Takes the values in the item array and puts 'em together }).appendTo('.new'); // I don't want this to have the class set in the jQuery itself }); //end json }; })( jQuery ); Any help you can lend would be wonderful. Thank you

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  • What is the best practice in regards to building composite dtos off of an aggregate root with domain

    - by Chance
    I'm trying to figure out the best approach/practice for assembling a composite data transfer object off of an aggregate root and would love to hear people's thoughts on this. For example, lets say I have a root that has a few domain objects as children. I want to assemble a specific view dto, based on some business logic, that either has attributes or full dto's of it's objects. What I'm struggling with is trying to figure out where that assembly should happen. I can see it going on the domain object of the aggregate root as there is some business logic associated with it. The benefits of this approach from what I've deduced thus far is that it should reduce the inevitable business logic from bleeding outisde of the domain object. It also allows for private methods that take care of tasks that could become more complex from an external builder. The downsides being that the domain object becomes much more entrenched in the application's workflow and represents much more than just the domain object. It also could become very large in the scenario where you need multiple composite Dtos. Alternatively, I could also see it belonging to some form of transfer object assembler where there is a builder for each domain object. The domain objects would still be responsible for GetDto() and UpdateFromDto(dto). Outside of that, the builder would handle the construction and deconstruction of composite dtos. The downside is kind of mentioned above, where I fear this will easily lead to developers unfamiliar with DDD bleeding a ton of business logic into the assembler which is what I want to desperately avoid. Any thoughts would be greatly apperciated.

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  • STL find performs bettern than hand-crafter loop

    - by dusha
    Hello all, I have some question. Given the following C++ code fragment: #include <boost/progress.hpp> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <numeric> #include <iostream> struct incrementor { incrementor() : curr_() {} unsigned int operator()() { return curr_++; } private: unsigned int curr_; }; template<class Vec> char const* value_found(Vec const& v, typename Vec::const_iterator i) { return i==v.end() ? "no" : "yes"; } template<class Vec> typename Vec::const_iterator find1(Vec const& v, typename Vec::value_type val) { return find(v.begin(), v.end(), val); } template<class Vec> typename Vec::const_iterator find2(Vec const& v, typename Vec::value_type val) { for(typename Vec::const_iterator i=v.begin(), end=v.end(); i<end; ++i) if(*i==val) return i; return v.end(); } int main() { using namespace std; typedef vector<unsigned int>::const_iterator iter; vector<unsigned int> vec; vec.reserve(10000000); boost::progress_timer pt; generate_n(back_inserter(vec), vec.capacity(), incrementor()); //added this line, to avoid any doubts, that compiler is able to // guess the data is sorted random_shuffle(vec.begin(), vec.end()); cout << "value generation required: " << pt.elapsed() << endl; double d; pt.restart(); iter found=find1(vec, vec.capacity()); d=pt.elapsed(); cout << "first search required: " << d << endl; cout << "first search found value: " << value_found(vec, found)<< endl; pt.restart(); found=find2(vec, vec.capacity()); d=pt.elapsed(); cout << "second search required: " << d << endl; cout << "second search found value: " << value_found(vec, found)<< endl; return 0; } On my machine (Intel i7, Windows Vista) STL find (call via find1) runs about 10 times faster than the hand-crafted loop (call via find2). I first thought that Visual C++ performs some kind of vectorization (may be I am mistaken here), but as far as I can see assembly does not look the way it uses vectorization. Why is STL loop faster? Hand-crafted loop is identical to the loop from the STL-find body. I was asked to post program's output. Without shuffle: value generation required: 0.078 first search required: 0.008 first search found value: no second search required: 0.098 second search found value: no With shuffle (caching effects): value generation required: 1.454 first search required: 0.009 first search found value: no second search required: 0.044 second search found value: no Many thanks, dusha. P.S. I return the iterator and write out the result (found or not), because I would like to prevent compiler optimization, that it thinks the loop is not required at all. The searched value is obviously not in the vector.

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  • template specialization of a auto_ptr<T>

    - by Chris Kaminski
    Maybe I'm overcomplicating things, but then again, I do sort of like clean interfaces. Let's say I want a specialization of auto_ptr for an fstream - I want a default fstream for the generic case, but allow a replacement pointer? tempate <> class auto_ptr<fstream> static fstream myfStream; fstream* ptr; public: auto_ptr() { // set ptr to &myfStream; } reset(fstream* newPtr) { // free old ptr if not the static one. ptr = newPtr }; } Would you consider something different or more elegant? And how would you keep something like the above from propagating outside this particular compilation unit? [The actual template is a boost::scoped_ptr.] EDIT: It's a contrived example. Ignore the fstream - it's about providing a default instance of object for an auto_ptr. I may not want to provide a specialized instance, but would like to keep the auto_ptr semantics for this static default object. class UserClass { public: auto_ptr<fstream> ptr; UserClass() { } } I may not provide an dynamic object at construction time - I still want it to have a meaningful default. Since I'm not looking at ownership-transfer semantics, it really shouldn't matter that my pointer class is pointing to a statically allocated object, no?

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  • How useful is PXE booting?

    - by J. T.
    Hi All, How fast is booting over PXE?. Is it conceivable to boot a linux installation? Does it take a long time? I have never really looked into it at all, but I was considering setting up a compiler farm and thought this might be interesting to try. Does one have a main computer that the PXE answers to to get its image? Can you have multiple PXE images to pick from? Thanks!

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  • Using shared_ptr to implement RCU (read-copy-update)?

    - by yongsun
    I'm very interested in the user-space RCU (read-copy-update), and trying to simulate one via tr1::shared_ptr, here is the code, while I'm really a newbie in concurrent programming, would some experts help me to review? The basic idea is, reader calls get_reading_copy() to gain the pointer of current protected data (let's say it's generation one, or G1). writer calls get_updating_copy() to gain a copy of the G1 (let's say it's G2), and only one writer is allowed to enter the critical section. After the updating is done, writer calls update() to do a swap, and make the m_data_ptr pointing to data G2. The ongoing readers and the writer now hold the shared_ptr of G1, and either a reader or a writer will eventually deallocate the G1 data. Any new readers would get the pointer to G2, and a new writer would get the copy of G2 (let's say G3). It's possible the G1 is not released yet, so multiple generations of data my co-exists. template <typename T> class rcu_protected { public: typedef T type; typedef std::tr1::shared_ptr<type> rcu_pointer; rcu_protected() : m_data_ptr (new type()) {} rcu_pointer get_reading_copy () { spin_until_eq (m_is_swapping, 0); return m_data_ptr; } rcu_pointer get_updating_copy () { spin_until_eq (m_is_swapping, 0); while (!CAS (m_is_writing, 0, 1)) {/* do sleep for back-off when exceeding maximum retry times */} rcu_pointer new_data_ptr(new type(*m_data_ptr)); // as spin_until_eq does not have memory barrier protection, // we need to place a read barrier to protect the loading of // new_data_ptr not to be re-ordered before its construction _ReadBarrier(); return new_data_ptr; } void update (rcu_pointer new_data_ptr) { while (!CAS (m_is_swapping, 0, 1)) {} m_data_ptr.swap (new_data_ptr); // as spin_until_eq does not have memory barrier protection, // we need to place a write barrier to protect the assignments of // m_is_writing/m_is_swapping be re-ordered bofore the swapping _WriteBarrier(); m_is_writing = 0; m_is_swapping = 0; } private: volatile long m_is_writing; volatile long m_is_swapping; rcu_pointer m_data_ptr; };

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  • MySQL SELECT combining 3 SELECTs INTO 1

    - by Martin Tóth
    Consider following tables in MySQL database: entries: creator_id INT entry TEXT is_expired BOOL other: creator_id INT entry TEXT userdata: creator_id INT name VARCHAR etc... In entries and other, there can be multiple entries by 1 creator. userdata table is read only for me (placed in other database). I'd like to achieve a following SELECT result: +------------+---------+---------+-------+ | creator_id | entries | expired | other | +------------+---------+---------+-------+ | 10951 | 59 | 55 | 39 | | 70887 | 41 | 34 | 108 | | 88309 | 38 | 20 | 102 | | 94732 | 0 | 0 | 86 | ... where entries is equal to SELECT COUNT(entry) FROM entries GROUP BY creator_id, expired is equal to SELECT COUNT(entry) FROM entries WHERE is_expired = 0 GROUP BY creator_id and other is equal to SELECT COUNT(entry) FROM other GROUP BY creator_id. I need this structure because after doing this SELECT, I need to look for user data in the "userdata" table, which I planned to do with INNER JOIN and select desired columns. I solved this problem with selecting "NULL" into column which does not apply for given SELECT: SELECT creator_id, COUNT(any_entry) as entries, COUNT(expired_entry) as expired, COUNT(other_entry) as other FROM ( SELECT creator_id, entry AS any_entry, NULL AS expired_entry, NULL AS other_enry FROM entries UNION SELECT creator_id, NULL AS any_entry, entry AS expired_entry, NULL AS other_enry FROM entries WHERE is_expired = 1 UNION SELECT creator_id, NULL AS any_entry, NULL AS expired_entry, entry AS other_enry FROM other ) AS tTemp GROUP BY creator_id ORDER BY entries DESC, expired DESC, other DESC ; I've left out the INNER JOIN and selecting other columns from userdata table on purpose (my question being about combining 3 SELECTs into 1). Is my idea valid? = Am I trying to use the right "construction" for this? Are these kind of SELECTs possible without creating an "empty" column? (some kind of JOIN) Should I do it "outside the DB": make 3 SELECTs, make some order in it (let's say python lists/dicts) and then do the additional SELECTs for userdata? Solution for a similar question does not return rows where entries and expired are 0. Thank you for your time.

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  • Meta tag depending of selected language and title

    - by lena
    Hi, I'm aware about Google ignore most of the time, meta tag and use content. (This is not the point here) I'm working on an existing web site, not created by me. I need a quick solution, I guess with variables. The website construction: (no known template system) index.html which is presentation page with language selection index.php which embeding menu, content, footer several content pages that are embedded by index.php What I need to do only for those 2 pages welcome_en.html and welcome_fr.html (these pages are embedded so no header possible on these page) to have different page title (browser title) and different META tag. Any solution is welcome Thanks extra information Language detection on index.php: <?php $lang = $_GET['lang']; $page = $_GET['page']; if ($_GET['page'] == "" || !$_GET['page']) { $page = "welcome"; } if ($_GET['lang'] == "" || !$_GET['lang']) { $lang = "_fr"; } ? <td><img src="images/ban02<?php echo "$lang" ?>.jpg" width="531" height="60" <?php if ($_GET['lang'] == "_fr" || $_GET['lang'] == "" || !$_GET['lang']) { echo "alt='text'";} else if ($_GET['lang'] == "_en") {echo "alt='text'"; } ?>></td> for the embeded menu, footer ect like this one <?php include "menu.php"; ?> for the embedded content <?php //echo "$page$lang.html"; $lang = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_ ]/i', '', $_GET['lang']); $page = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_ ]/i', '', $_GET['page']); include $page . $lang . ".html"; ?>

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  • NUnit doesn't work well with Assert.AreEqual

    - by stasal
    Hi! I'm new to unit-testing and NUit in particular. I'm just typing some examples from the book which refers to Java and JUnit. But I'm using C# instead. The problem is: I've got a class with overriden methods such as Equals() and GetHashCode(), but when I am trying to compare two objects of this class with Assert.AreEqual() my code is not called, so I get an exception. Assert.True(MyClass.Equals(MyClass2)) does work well. But I don't wanna use this construction instead of Assert.AreEqual(). Where the problem can be? Here is the class: public class Money { public int amount; protected string currency; public Money(int amount, string currency) { this.amount = amount; this.currency = currency; } public new bool Equals(object obj) { if (obj == null) return false; Money money = (Money)obj; return (amount == money.amount) && (Currency().Equals(money.Currency())); } public new int GetHashCode() { return (string.Format("{0}{1}", amount, currency)).GetHashCode(); } public static Money Dollar(int amount) { return new Money(amount, "USD"); } public static Money Franc(int amount) { return new Money(amount, "CHF"); } public Money Times(int multiplier) { return new Money(amount * multiplier, currency); } public string Currency() { return currency; } } And the test method itself: [TestFixture] public class DollarTest { [Test] public void TestMultiplication() { Money five = Money.Dollar(5); Assert.True(Money.Dollar(10).Equals(five.Times(2))); // ok Assert.AreEqual(Money.Dollar(10), five.Times(2)); // fails } } Thanks.

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  • Should I pass a SqlDataReader by reference or not when passing it out to multiple threads.

    - by deroby
    Hi all, being new to c# I've run into this 'conundrum' when passing around a SqlDataReader between different threads. Without going into too much detail, the idea is to have a main thread fetching data from the database (a large recordset) and then have a helper-task run through this record by record and doing some stuff based upon the contents of this. There is no feedback to the recordset, it simply wades through until no records are left. This works fine, but given the nature of the job at hand it should be possible to have this job spread over different threads (CPUs) to maximize throughput (the order of execution is of no significance). The question then becomes, when I pass this recordset in a SqlDataReader, do I have to use ref or not ? It kind of boils down to the question : if I pass the object around without specifying ref, won't it create new copies in memory and have records processed n times ? Or, don't I risk having the record-position being moved forward while not all fields have been fully read yet ? The latter seems more like a 'data racing' issue and probably is covered by the lock()ing mechanism (or not?). My initial take on the problem was that it doesn't really hurt passing the variable using ref, yet as a colleague put it : "you only need ref when you're doing something wrong" =) Additionally using ref restricts me from applying a Using() construction too which isn't very nice either. I thus create a "basic" project that tackles the same approach but without the ref notation. Tests so far show that it works flawlessly on a Core2Duo (2cpu) using any number of threads, yet I'm still a bit wary... What do you experts think about this ? Use ref or not ? You can find the test-project here as it seems I can't upload it to this question directly ?!? ps: it's just a test-project and I'm new to c#, so please be gentle on me when breaking down the code =P

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  • Do you know of a C macro to compute Unix time and date?

    - by Alexis Wilke
    I'm wondering if someone knows/has a C macro to compute a static Unix time from a hard coded date and time as in: time_t t = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(2012, 5, 10, 9, 26, 13); I'm looking into that because I want to have a numeric static timestamp. This will be done hundred of times throughout the software, each time with a different date, and I want to make sure it is fast because it will run hundreds of times every second. Converting dates that many times would definitively slow down things (i.e. calling mktime() is slower than having a static number compiled in place, right?) [made an update to try to render this paragraph clearer, Nov 23, 2012] Update I want to clarify the question with more information about the process being used. As my server receives requests, for each request, it starts a new process. That process is constantly updated with new plugins and quite often such updates require a database update. Those must be run only once. To know whether an update is necessary, I want to use a Unix date (which is better than using a counter because a counter is much more likely to break once in a while.) The plugins will thus receive an update signal and have their on_update() function called. There I want to do something like this: void some_plugin::on_update(time_t last_update) { if(last_update < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(2010, 3, 22, 20, 9, 26)) { ...run update... } if(last_update < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(2012, 5, 10, 9, 26, 13)) { ...run update... } // as many test as required... } As you can see, if I have to compute the unix timestamp each time, this could represent thousands of calls per process and if you receive 100 hits a second x 1000 calls, you wasted 100,000 calls when you could have had the compiler compute those numbers once at compile time. Putting the value in a static variable is of no interest because this code will run once per process run. Note that the last_update variable changes depending on the website being hit (it comes from the database.) Code Okay, I got the code now: // helper (Days in February) #define _SNAP_UNIX_TIMESTAMP_FDAY(year) \ (((year) % 400) == 0 ? 29LL : \ (((year) % 100) == 0 ? 28LL : \ (((year) % 4) == 0 ? 29LL : \ 28LL))) // helper (Days in the year) #define _SNAP_UNIX_TIMESTAMP_YDAY(year, month, day) \ ( \ /* January */ static_cast<qint64>(day) \ /* February */ + ((month) >= 2 ? 31LL : 0LL) \ /* March */ + ((month) >= 3 ? _SNAP_UNIX_TIMESTAMP_FDAY(year) : 0LL) \ /* April */ + ((month) >= 4 ? 31LL : 0LL) \ /* May */ + ((month) >= 5 ? 30LL : 0LL) \ /* June */ + ((month) >= 6 ? 31LL : 0LL) \ /* July */ + ((month) >= 7 ? 30LL : 0LL) \ /* August */ + ((month) >= 8 ? 31LL : 0LL) \ /* September */+ ((month) >= 9 ? 31LL : 0LL) \ /* October */ + ((month) >= 10 ? 30LL : 0LL) \ /* November */ + ((month) >= 11 ? 31LL : 0LL) \ /* December */ + ((month) >= 12 ? 30LL : 0LL) \ ) #define SNAP_UNIX_TIMESTAMP(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) \ ( /* time */ static_cast<qint64>(second) \ + static_cast<qint64>(minute) * 60LL \ + static_cast<qint64>(hour) * 3600LL \ + /* year day (month + day) */ (_SNAP_UNIX_TIMESTAMP_YDAY(year, month, day) - 1) * 86400LL \ + /* year */ (static_cast<qint64>(year) - 1970LL) * 31536000LL \ + ((static_cast<qint64>(year) - 1969LL) / 4LL) * 86400LL \ - ((static_cast<qint64>(year) - 1901LL) / 100LL) * 86400LL \ + ((static_cast<qint64>(year) - 1601LL) / 400LL) * 86400LL ) WARNING: Do not use these macros to dynamically compute a date. It is SLOWER than mktime(). This being said, if you have a hard coded date, then the compiler will compute the time_t value at compile time. Slower to compile, but faster to execute over and over again.

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  • Random forests for short texts

    - by Jasie
    Hi all, I've been reading about Random Forests (1,2) because I think it'd be really cool to be able to classify a set of 1,000 sentences into pre-defined categories. I'm wondering if someone can explain to me the algorithm better, I think the papers are a bit dense. Here's the gist from 1: Overview We assume that the user knows about the construction of single classification trees. Random Forests grows many classification trees. To classify a new object from an input vector, put the input vector down each of the trees in the forest. Each tree gives a classification, and we say the tree "votes" for that class. The forest chooses the classification having the most votes (over all the trees in the forest). Each tree is grown as follows: If the number of cases in the training set is N, sample N cases at random - but with replacement, from the original data. This sample will be the training set for growing the tree. If there are M input variables, a number m « M is specified such that at each node, m variables are selected at random out of the M and the best split on these m is used to split the node. The value of m is held constant during the forest growing. Each tree is grown to the largest extent possible. There is no pruning. So, does this look right? I'd have N = 1,000 training cases (sentences), M = 100 variables (let's say, there are only 100 unique words across all sentences), so the input vector is a bit vector of length 100 corresponding to each word. I randomly sample N = 1000 cases at random (with replacement) to build trees from. I pick some small number of input variables m « M, let's say 10, to build a tree off of. Do I build tree nodes randomly, using all m input variables? How many classification trees do I build? Thanks for the help!

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  • Generic Class Vb.net

    - by KoolKabin
    hi guys, I am stuck with a problem about generic classes. I am confused how I call the constructor with parameters. My interface: Public Interface IDBObject Sub [Get](ByRef DataRow As DataRow) Property UIN() As Integer End Interface My Child Class: Public Class User Implements IDBObject Public Sub [Get](ByRef DataRow As System.Data.DataRow) Implements IDBObject.Get End Sub Public Property UIN() As Integer Implements IDBObject.UIN Get End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) End Set End Property End Class My Next Class: Public Class Users Inherits DBLayer(Of User) #Region " Standard Methods " #End Region End Class My DBObject Class: Public Class DBLayer(Of DBObject As {New, IDBObject}) Public Shared Function GetData() As List(Of DBObject) Dim QueryString As String = "SELECT * ***;" Dim Dataset As DataSet = New DataSet() Dim DataList As List(Of DBObject) = New List(Of DBObject) Try Dataset = Query(QueryString) For Each DataRow As DataRow In Dataset.Tables(0).Rows **DataList.Add(New DBObject(DataRow))** Next Catch ex As Exception DataList = Nothing End Try Return DataList End Function End Class I get error in the starred area of the DBLayer Object. What might be the possible reason? what can I do to fix it? I even want to add New(byval someval as datatype) in IDBObject interface for overloading construction. but it also gives an error? how can i do it? Adding Sub New(ByVal DataRow As DataRow) in IDBObject producess following error 'Sub New' cannot be declared in an interface. Error Produced in DBLayer Object line: DataList.Add(New DBObject(DataRow)) Msg: Arguments cannot be passed to a 'New' used on a type parameter.

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  • Dealing with infinite loops when constructing states for LR(1) parsing

    - by Bruce
    I'm currently constructing LR(1) states from the following grammar. S->AS S->c A->aA A->b where A,S are nonterminals and a,b,c are terminals. This is the construction of I0 I0: S' -> .S, epsilon --------------- S -> .AS, epsilon S -> .c, epsilon --------------- S -> .AS, a S -> .c, c A -> .aA, a A -> .b, b And I1. From S, I1: S' -> S., epsilon //DONE And so on. But when I get to constructing I4... From a, I4: A -> a.A, a ----------- A -> .aA, a A -> .b, b The problem is A - .aA When I attempt to construct the next state from a, I'm going to once again get the exact same content of I4, and this continues infinitely. A similar loop occurs with S -> .AS So, what am I doing wrong? There has to be some detail that I'm missing, but I've browsed my notes and my book and either can't find or just don't understand what's wrong here. Any help?

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  • Licensing for the undecided

    - by Jasper
    I am creating a game in C++. Now I am not sure on how I will distribute it yet - though I am pretty sure that I won't be asking money for it. And I am looking into a licensing and I wondered if there is a license that is suited for the undecided like me. My current releases (which are really really early versions of the game, with far from full functionality) are executable only. However, I am actually thinking that I might release the source on an open source license. For now, I am the only contributor, so that would be no problem as I only need my own permission to move to a less restrictive license. However, when I allow other people to contribute, I would need all their permissions to do so (right?). So I was wondering if there is a license that let's me distribute the game executable only for now, but will let me switch to a less restrictive license if I want. Basically I need a license in which contributors give permission to switch to a less restrictive license up front. Does anybody know of license (or other construction) that would allow me to do so?

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  • Add a value to an element in a list of sets

    - by Kapelson
    Hello. I'm using python, and I have a list of sets, constructed like this: list = [set([])]*n ...where n is the number of sets I want in the list. I want to add a value to a specific set in the list. Say, the second set. I tried list[1].add(value) But this instead adds the value to each set in the list. This behaviour is pretty non-intuitive to me. Through further tests, I think I've found the problem: the list apparently contains 10 instances of the same set, or ten pointers to the same set, or something. Constructing the list through repeated calls of list.append(set([])) allowed me to use the syntax above to add elements to single sets. So my question is this: what exactly is going on in my first list-construction technique? It is clear I don't understand the syntax so well. Also, is there a better way to intialize an n-element list? I've been using this syntax for a while and this is my first problem with it.

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  • What are salesforce.com and Apex like as an application development platform?

    - by mhollers
    I have recently discovered that salesforce.com is much more than an online CRM after coming across a Morrison's Case Study in which they develop a works management application. I've been trying it out with a view to recreating our own Works Management system on the platform. My background is in Microsoft and .Net, and the obvious 1st choice would be asp.net. However, there's only really myself with .net experience and my manager with a more legacy Synergy programming background, and I am self taught and am looking at evaluating other RAD options (eg Ironspeed). the nature of the business is in the main 2-5 concurrent construction type contracts that run for 3-5 yrs each, each requiring 15-50 system users. Traditionally we have used our character based Works Mangement system for everything and tweaked it for each contract. The Salesforce licensing model on the face of it suits this sort of flexibilty, but I'm worried about the development flexibilty/learning curve and all the issues that surround lock-in. There doesn't seem to be much neutral sober analysis of the platform on the web that isn't salesforce's own material/blogs Has anyone any experience of developing an application on salesforce as compared to the more 'traditional' .Net route?

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