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• Virtualbox - differencing disk based on different differencing disk

  - by Klinki

  I'm trying to create differencing image based on differencing image in VirtualBox 4.2.18. Official documentation says it should be possible: http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch05.html#diffimages Basically I want to achieve this drive hierarchy: + immutable image with Debian and all software installed +---- differencing image with specific configuration, autoreset=off, readonly +-------- differencing image with autoreset=on +---- another differencing image for different virtual machine +-------- differencing image with autoreset=on I successfully created differencing image based on differencing image, but I'm not able to connect it to virtual machine :( It always shows error: Failed to open the hard disk .... cannot register hard disk ... because hard disk with UUID ... already exists Here is screenshot of Virtual Media Manager and error dialog Virtual Media Manager Window screenshot Very strange is that the new differencing image (tempdrive.vdi) doesn't have Actual Size 0. I wasn't able to connect it, but still, it has 36KB of data on it... This is very similar to this older question: How to create a chained differencing disk of another differencing disk in Virtual Box? but suggested solution is not working anymore in VirtualBox 4.2.18, so I posted it as a new question. (Limit for posting links and screenshots is quite annoying..)

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• How to send Content-Disposition headers in apache for files?

  - by Rory McCann

  I have a directory of text files that I'm serving out with apache 2. Normally when I (or any user) access the files they see them in their browser. I want to 'force'* the web browser to pop up a 'Save as' dialog box. I know this is possible to do with the Content-Disposition headers (more info). Is there some way to turn that on for each file? Ideally I'd like something like this: <Directory textfiles> AutoAddContentDispositionHeaders On </Directory> And then apache would set the correct content disposition header, including using the same filename. Something like this might be possible with the apache Header directive. Bonus points if it's included by standing in apache in debian. I could do a simple PHP wrapper script that takes in a filename argument, makes the call to header(...) and then prints the file, but then i have to validdate input etc. that's work I'm trying to avoid. * I know you can't actually force things when it comes to the web

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• Tell postfix to merge three Authentication-Results:-Lines into one?

  - by Peter

  I am running a postfix mta with debian wheezy. I am using postfix-policyd-spf-python, openkdim and opendmarc. When receiving e-mails from google (google apps with own domain) for example, the header looks like this: [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; dkim=pass reason="1024-bit key; insecure key" header.d=yyy.com [email protected] header.b=OswLe0N+; dkim-adsp=pass; dkim-atps=neutral<br> [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=yyy.com (client-ip=2a00:1450:400c:c00::242; helo=mail-wg0-x242.google.com; [email protected]; [email protected]) [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; dmarc=pass header.from=yyy.com<br> [...] This means any of these programs creates it's own Authentication-Results:-Line. Is it possible to tell postfix to merge this into one single Authentication-Results:-Line? When I send an e-mail to google, it says: [...] Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected]; dmarc=pass (p=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=xxx.com [...] And this is exactly what I want. Just one Authentication-Results-Header. How can I do this? Thanks. Regards, Peter

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• Passing PATH through sudo

  - by whitequark

  In short: how to make sudo not to flush PATH everytime? I have some websites deployed on my server (Debian testing) written with Ruby on Rails. I use Mongrel+Nginx to host them, but there is one problem that comes when I need to restart Mongrel (e.g. after making some changes). All sites are checked in VCS (git, but it is not important) and have owner and group set to my user, whereas Mongrel runs under the, huh, mongrel user that is severely restricted in it's rights. So Mongrel must be started under root (it can automatically change UID) or mongrel. To manage mongrel I use mongrel_cluster gem because it allows starting or stopping any amount of Mongrel servers with just one command. But it needs the directory /var/lib/gems/1.8/bin to be in PATH: this is not enough to start it with absolute path. Modifying PATH in root .bashrc changed nothing, tweaking sudo's env_reset and keepenv didn't either. So the question: how to add a directory to PATH or keep user's PATH in sudo?

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• why is rdiff-backup not compatible with encfs ---reverse

  - by user330273

  I'm trying to use encfs with rdiff-backup to ensure that my backups to a remote server are encrypted. The easiest way to do this would be to use encfs --reverse - which means encfs will create a virtual encrypted file system, which I can then backup using rdiff-backup. Except that it doesn't work. Rdiff-backup fails every time with an "input/output error" on the encfs virtual filesystem. It seems I'm not the only one with this problem, but no one has said what the problem is: this person reported the same issue, but was just told to use sshfs instead (see below on that); in this question on serverfault, one of the answers just states that "rdiff-backup seems to have trouble accessing the EncFS-reverse filesystem." There's an open bug report on the Debian bug tracker(bug 731413, I can't post the link) on this bug, but it's been open since December 2013 with no response. Does anyone know what the problem actually is? Is there a workaround? I can't use the two most commonly suggested alternatives - sshfs and then running encfs on that, or using Duplicity - as both require a much higher bandwidth connection than I have access to (Duplicity requires regular full backups).

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• Selective Pointer device remapping in linux

  - by user6368

  I just got an HP 2710p (hp tablet, with digitizer), and I've played around with linux for a while now, and thought I would go ahead and install it. Everything works fine, excepting normal tablet functions, which is to be expected. I'm working on the screen rotation, and there are on-screen keyboards, etc, but I'm having issues with the stylus. I can tap and left click with the stylus as normal, but the side button (which in windows functions as a right mouse button) appears as a 'button 2' to xev (a middle/scroll wheel button). I can switch 'button 2' and 'button 3' universally using xmodmap, but I'd like to do so exclusively for stylus so I don't screw up regular pointing devices. Altering xorg.conf (which is surprisingly bare) with the recommended sections (adding sections for each of the stylus buttons) does nothing. I'm running crunchbang, which is an ubuntu/debian varient with openbox as the windows manager. Thanks Also, as a seperate note, does anybody know how to detect when I rotate and/or latch the lid shut? I was thinking maybe I could run a script to switch the buttons when I close it, but I can't find any information.

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• when i try to access website without www. i get access denied.

  - by madphp

  I have an apache web server on a debian machine. Im using virtualmin to administer virtual hosts. I have two sites on this server right now, when i try to access one site without the www in the URL i get an access denied. The other site is fine. The site with the problem is a cakephp app and has the following .htaccess file in the public_html folder. <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^$ app/webroot/ [L] RewriteRule (.*) app/webroot/$1 [L] </IfModule> Below is the directives for the problem domain. SuexecUserGroup "#1001" "#1001" ServerName mydomain.net ServerAlias www.mydomain.net ServerAlias webmail.mydomain.net ServerAlias admin.mydomain.net DocumentRoot /home/mydomain/public_html ErrorLog /var/log/virtualmin/mydomain.net_error_log CustomLog /var/log/virtualmin/mydomain.net_access_log combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/mydomain/cgi-bin/ ScriptAlias /awstats/ /home/mydomain/cgi-bin/ DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.php4 index.php5 <Directory /home/mydomain/public_html> Options -Indexes +IncludesNOEXEC +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI allow from all AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php AddHandler fcgid-script .php5 FCGIWrapper /home/mydomain/fcgi-bin/php5.fcgi .php FCGIWrapper /home/mydomain/fcgi-bin/php5.fcgi .php5 </Directory> <Directory /home/mydomain/cgi-bin> allow from all </Directory> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =webmail.mydomain.net RewriteRule ^(.*) https://mydomain.net:20000/ [R] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =admin.mydomain.net RewriteRule ^(.*) https://mydomain.net:10000/ [R] RemoveHandler .php RemoveHandler .php5 IPCCommTimeout 31 <Files awstats.pl> AuthName "mydomain.net statistics" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/mydomain/.awstats-htpasswd require valid-user </Files>

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• How to make new file permission inherit from the parent directory?

  - by Wai Yip Tung

  I have a directory called data. Then I am running a script under the user id 'robot'. robot writes to the data directory and update files inside. The idea is data is open for both me and robot to update. So I setup the permission and owner group like this drwxrwxr-x 2 me robot-grp 4096 Jun 11 20:50 data where both me and robot belongs to the 'robot-grp'. I change the permission and the owner group recursively like the parent directory. I regularly upload new files into the data directory using rsync. Unfortunately, new files uploaded does not inherit the parent directory's permission as I hope. Instead it looks like this -rw-r--r-- 1 me users 6 Jun 11 20:50 new-file.txt When robot tries to update new-file.txt, it fails due to lack of file permission. I'm not sure if setting umask helps. In anycase the new files does not really follow it. $ umask -S u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx I'm often confounded by Unix file permission. Do I even have a right plan? I'm using Debian lenny.

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• Upgrade an Ubuntu 8.04 installation with VMware Server 1.0.8 and lots of guest OSes to Something Els

  - by Glyph

  I have an Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) host machine which is running a whole slew of virtual machines in VMWare Server 1.0.8. Among other guest OSes, there is every release version of Ubuntu since 6.06, OpenSolaris 2009.06, and Windows XP. Right now I access these VMs from a variety of client OSes as well; Linux and Windows via the VMWare server console, and MacOS via X-forwarding the host machine's server console. I'd like to upgrade the host to Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), but from what I can tell, getting VMWare Server 1.x to work on a more recent version of Linux is a real pain. While VMware Server 2.x is a bit easier, it's still not packaged as Debian packages, so installing security updates is a big chore. As long as I'm upgrading anyway, I'd like to move to a virtualization solution that will allow me to automate applying updates. The options that I'm aware of right now are KVM (managed via virt-manager) and VirtualBox (as managed by its own tools or via its own libvirt bindings), but I'm open to other suggestions. For each option, I'd like to know how do I convert my guest images to the new format? am I going to have to re-activate my Windows guests (alternatively, "If the virtual hardware is different by default, can I avoid re-activation by changing some virtualization configuration to provide me with more similar virtual hardware") what are the management options like for each client OS (mac, linux, windows)? Thanks.

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• Netbook thinks it is a desktop

  - by Narcolapser

  Question: Are, and if so what, there packages for download that I can get netbook to understand it is not a desktop and that it is a netbook. Info: I'm running an Acer Aspire One with ubuntu desktop 9.10. I tried Ubuntu Netbook Remix first but it has graphics issues with the aspire one. So I changed to Ubuntu Desktop. It was the only distro (after debian, centOS, Fedora, and Knoppix all failed me) that I managed to get working. The only thing is that it is having issues doing things that a netbook/laptop should be doing. most notably is that it will run it's battery dead if I close the screen and throw it into my back pack. It seems to just stay fully on and runs it's self to death. also it will lock up some times if I close the screen and come back to it 10 or 20 minutes later. It also won't retain volume settings when I reboot, as well as screen brightness. and just a couple of other things that I can't quite put my finger on, but just seem amiss. like I said, Essentially my netbook thinks it is a desktop, how can I fix this? ~N

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• Problems mounting HPUX LVM+VXFS filesystem on Linux

  - by golimar

  I have a physical disk from a HPUX system that I need to access from a Debian Linux for ia64 system. From the hpux-lvm-tools project I have the tools to access the HPUX LVMs (Linux LVM has a different format) and I also have the freevxfs driver. I know beforehand that the disk has three partitions, and that the biggest one contains LVM volumes, and some of those are VxFS filesystems. I can see the partitions: # cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 32 143374744 sdc 8 33 512000 sdc1 8 34 142452736 sdc2 8 35 409600 sdc3 It finds a VG in one of the disk partitions: # ./vgscan_hpux On /dev/sdc2 - vg1328874723 # ./pvdisplay_hpux /dev/sdc2 PV General Information ---------------------- VG Creation Time Fri Feb 10 12:52:03 2012 Physical Volume ID 1766760336 1328874723 Volume Group ID 1766760336 1328874723 Physical Volumes in VG 1766760336 1328874723 VG Actication Mode 0 - LOCAL PE Size 64 MBs Lvol sizes ---------- lvol1 - 8 Extents - 512 MBs lvol2 - 192 Extents - 12288 MBs lvol3 - 16 Extents - 1024 MBs ... lvol21 - 13 Extents - 832 MBs lvol22 - 224 Extents - 14336 MBs lvol23 - 16 Extents - 1024 MBs Then I activate that VG and some new devices appear in my system: # ./pvactivate_hpux /dev/sdc2 VG vg1328874723 Activated succesfully with 23 lvols. # # ll /dev/mapper/ total 0 crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 Nov 26 16:08 control lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol1 -> ../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol10 -> ../dm-9 ... lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol8 -> ../dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 26 16:38 vg1328874723-lvol9 -> ../dm-8 But: # mount /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18 /mnt/tmp mount: you must specify the filesystem type # mount -t vxfs /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18 /mnt/tmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # lsmod |grep vxfs freevxfs 23905 0 I also tried to identify the raw data with the file command and it just says 'data': # file -s /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18 /dev/mapper/vg1328874723-lvol18: symbolic link to `../dm-17' # file -s /dev/dm-17 /dev/dm-17: data # Any clues?

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• Recovering data from mangodb raw files

  - by Jin Chen

  we use mongodb for our database and set the replset(two servers), but we mistakenly deleted some raw files that under /path/to/dbdata on both servers, after we used tool to get back the deleted files(we ran the extundelete on both server and mix the result together), like database.1, database.2 etc. we could not start the mongod, it raised the following error when starting mongod or executing mongodump, here is the console output: root@mongod:/opt/mongodb# mongodump --repair --dbpath /opt/mongodb -d database_production Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.258 [tools] warning: repair is a work in progress Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.258 [tools] going to try and recover data from: database_production Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.262 [tools] Assertion failure isOk() src/mongo/db/pdfile.h 392 0xde1b01 0xda42fd 0x8ae325 0x8ac492 0x8bd8e0 0x8c1c51 0x80e345 0x80e607 0x80e6a4 0x6db92a 0x6dc1ff 0x6e0db9 0xd9e45e 0x6ccdc7 0x7f499d856ead 0x6ccc29 mongodump(_ZN5mongo15printStackTraceERSo+0x21) [0xde1b01] mongodump(_ZN5mongo12verifyFailedEPKcS1_j+0xfd) [0xda42fd] mongodump(_ZNK5mongo7Forward4nextERKNS_7DiskLocE+0x1a5) [0x8ae325] mongodump(_ZN5mongo11BasicCursor7advanceEv+0x82) [0x8ac492] mongodump(_ZN5mongo8Database19clearTmpCollectionsEv+0x160) [0x8bd8e0] mongodump(_ZN5mongo14DatabaseHolder11getOrCreateERKSsS2_Rb+0x7b1) [0x8c1c51] mongodump(_ZN5mongo6Client7Context11_finishInitEv+0x65) [0x80e345] mongodump(_ZN5mongo6Client7ContextC1ERKSsS3_b+0x87) [0x80e607] mongodump(ZN5mongo6Client12WriteContextC1ERKSsS3+0x54) [0x80e6a4] mongodump(_ZN4Dump7_repairESs+0x3a) [0x6db92a] mongodump(_ZN4Dump6repairEv+0x2df) [0x6dc1ff] mongodump(_ZN4Dump3runEv+0x1b9) [0x6e0db9] mongodump(_ZN5mongo4Tool4mainEiPPc+0x13de) [0xd9e45e] mongodump(main+0x37) [0x6ccdc7] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd) [0x7f499d856ead] mongodump(__gxx_personality_v0+0x471) [0x6ccc29] assertion: 0 assertion src/mongo/db/pdfile.h:392 Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.271 dbexit: Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.271 [tools] shutdown: going to close listening sockets... Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.271 [tools] shutdown: going to flush diaglog... Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.271 [tools] shutdown: going to close sockets... Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.272 [tools] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.272 [tools] shutdown: closing all files... Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.273 [tools] closeAllFiles() finished Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.273 [tools] shutdown: removing fs lock... Thu Aug 21 16:22:43.273 dbexit: really exiting now my env: 1) Debian 3.2.35-2 x86_64(it's a XEN virtual machine) 2) mongodb 2.4.6 and we did not delete the .0 and .ns files we tried to create a new database with the same name and copy these db.ns and db.2, db.3 to the new db, we still met the same error. is there any way to check the valid of raw .ns and datafiles, and how to recover the database?

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• Is it possible/practical to install and run Linux on a USB flash drive?

  - by Graeme Donaldson

  I'm going to replace my old 2004 vintage desktop PC soon and I have an idea of what I want to do, I'm just not sure if it's possible or realistic. In the time since I built the old PC it has slowly become less used as a PC and more as a file server, so I figured I'd build a small file server which could also function as a router/DHCP/DNS/whatever box. The idea is to base it on an Atom system. I have my eye on the Intel D510MO for the moment. This supports 2 SATA disks, and I'd prefer to dedicate those to data storage. I'd like to install Ubuntu Server or maybe Debian on a 8/16GB USB flash drive. I have seen plenty of tutorials on how to perform an installation from a USB drive, but I can't seem to find any info on actually booting and running the OS from USB flash. Is this even possible? Is it practical? This box will mostly be used for: Making backups of mine and my wife's notebooks via LAN. Will use SMB or NFS for this. Digital media storage, which will be accessed by a Mede8er box with no storage of its own. I will most likely use NFS for this.

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• GRE Tunnel over IPsec with Loopback

  - by Alek

  Hello, I'm having a really hard time trying to estabilish a VPN connection using a GRE over IPsec tunnel. The problem is that it involves some sort of "loopback" connection which I don't understand -- let alone be able to configure --, and the only help I could find is related to configuring Cisco routers. My network is composed of a router and a single host running Debian Linux. My task is to create a GRE tunnel over an IPsec infrastructure, which is particularly intended to route multicast traffic between my network, which I am allowed to configure, and a remote network, for which I only bear a form containing some setup information (IP addresses and phase information for IPsec). For now it suffices to estabilish a communication between this single host and the remote network, but in the future it will be desirable for the traffic to be routed to other machines on my network. As I said this GRE tunnel involves a "loopback" connection which I have no idea of how to configure. From my previous understanding, a loopback connection is simply a local pseudo-device used mostly for testing purposes, but in this context it might be something more specific that I do not have the knowledge of. I have managed to properly estabilish the IPsec communication using racoon and ipsec-tools, and I believe I'm familiar with the creation of tunnels and addition of addresses to interfaces using ip, so the focus is on the GRE step. The worst part is that the remote peers do not respond to ping requests and the debugging of the general setup is very difficult due to the encrypted nature of the traffic. There are two pairs of IP addresses involved: one pair for the GRE tunnel peer-to-peer connection and one pair for the "loopback" part. There is also an IP range involved, which is supposed to be the final IP addresses for the hosts inside the VPN. My question is: how (or if) can this setup be done? Do I need some special software or another daemon, or does the Linux kernel handle every aspect of the GRE/IPsec tunneling? Please inform me if any extra information could be useful. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• CDROM does not appear on desktop, MACOS 10.5.7

  - by Cheeso

  When I pop a CDROM into the drive of my Macbook Pro, It spins up, I hear it, but no icon appears on the desktop. (I think it's 10.5.7; actually not sure how to verify this on Mac, but I think I saw a 10.5.7 flash by somewhere). In the finder preferences, I have "Show these items on the Desktop" set to show HDs, External Disks, and CDs, DVDs, and ipods. All three of those are checked. I do see the internal HD on the desktop. In Disk utility I can see the CD/DVD hardware. It says "MATSHITA DVD-R UJ-857E...". From Disk Utility I can eject the drive. But in Finder, there is never a CD/DVD listed under "Devices". When I insert a disk, nothing happens, I cannot see it. I also cannot boot from bootable CDROMs by holding C down . Suggestions? I am not very experienced with Mac; I have used Windows for years. EDIT Two updates: I saw this article on support.apple.com, and modified the hostconfig appropriately. It did not have the AUTODISKMOUNT entry, so I added one, rebooted. Same behavior. It does not see the CDROM in Finder, does not mount it on desktop. I put an old manufactured CDROM into the drive, and voila! it showed up on the desktop. The CD that does not appear is a GNome Partition Editor Live CD, which I guess is based on debian. That CD boots in other (non-Mac) PCs. I want to use this to adjust the Bootcamp partition. Suggestions?

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• Xen domU passwd file overwritten with console log output

  - by malfy

  I was setting up a Debian Xen domU and after booting it fine, I added basic configuration to /etc/network/interfaces and ran /etc/init.d/networking restart. This failed so I decided to reboot. After the reboot I also ran xm shutdown box. When dropped to a shell prompt it wouldn't let me login. Upon further inspection, I now have garbage in some critical files in /etc: root@box:/# tail +1 mnt/etc/{passwd-,shadow} tail: cannot open `+1' for reading: No such file or directory ==> mnt/etc/passwd- <== 0000000000100000 (reserved) Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000004000000 (usable) Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] DMI not present or invalid. Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x4000 max_arch_pfn = 0x1000000 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] initial memory mapped : 0 - 033ff000 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000004000000 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] 0000000000 - 0004000000 page 4k Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 4000000 @ 7000-2c000 Nov 23 02:02:3 ==> mnt/etc/shadow <== 32 nr_cpumask_bits:32 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 15 pages/cpu @c15b0000 s37688 r0 d23752 u65536 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s37688 r0 d23752 u65536 alloc=16*4096 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Xen: using vcpu_info placement Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16160 Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/mapper/xen-guest_root ro quiet root=/dev/xvda1 ro Nov 23 02:02:39 box kernel: [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: The garbage is also present in the passwd file and the group file (although I didn't paste that above since I have since ran debootstrap on the filesystem again). Does anyone have any insight into what happened and why?

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• Linux/Unix in Windows

  - by Dmitriy Nagirnyak

  Hi, What would be the best way to get the full-blown Unix/Linux bash inside Windows? I don't mean the Virtual Machine, but rather only the terminal with mounted NTFS drives. This way I could use the power of Unix/Linux still being on Windows. The things I want to be able to do from the terminal: Package management (apt-get in Debian). SSH. File operations (including grub and similar). Run a web server (Apache, nginx) for testing purposes. Easy to use: start terminal - Linux is on, end terminal - Linux is shut down. Would be nice to be able to copy-paste from Windows into Terminal and vice versa. This really feels like a separate OS and I realize that VM would, probably, be the best thing. But I guess it should be possible to have a lighter installation. THE NOTE: I cannot just use Linux because of I still need to do development on Windows. Also I am a Linux noobie - just getting started with it so sorry if asking something obvious/stupid. Thanks, Dmitriy.

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• Adobe Acrobat Reader don't zoom out the page enough in "one page" mode

  - by mbaitoff

  I'm using Adobe Acrobat Reader version 9.4 under Debian Lenny. I'm experiencing a problem: when I push the "Show one page at a time" button, I expect the page to zoom such that pressing PgUp/PgDn would turn to the next/previous page. However, the zoom seems to be not enough - very thin bottom portion of the page doesn't fit inside the reader window, and pressing PgUp/PgDn gives the jitter of the same page, and I have to push twice to get to the next page. It is even worse in continuous page mode - a roll of pages begin to be non-synced with window boundaries, ending up with page break right in the middle of the view after several turns of the pages. This behaviour doesn't occur on windows version - I have a page properly zoomed in single/continuous modes, so that turning the pages is performed as page-at-once, as intended. How to make the Acrobat Reader fit the page to window properly? Thats how it looks before pressing PgDn (notice the bottom edge of the "paper" hidden beneath the bottom window edge): Thats how it looks after pressing PgDn (notice the "paper" bottom edge emerged from beneath the window edge, while the "paper" upper edge hides behind the upper window edge, showing that the document window size is not enough to contain the whole page):

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• How to find the real IP to which IPVS is routing a virtual IP

  - by Wayne Conrad

  I'm trying to find a problem server hiding behind a virtual IP (using LVS/ipvs). I've got a test program that sends requests to the virtual IP until it gets the bad response, but how can I tell to which real IP a request to the virtual IP got routed? On the box doing the virtual IP magic, here's the virtual IP configuration (for the service I care about): IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn ... TCP 10.1.0.254:5025 nq -> 10.1.0.5:5025 Route 1 0 1 -> 10.1.0.6:5025 Route 1 0 5 -> 10.1.0.7:5025 Route 1 0 2 -> 10.1.0.9:5025 Local 1 0 3 -> 10.1.0.11:5025 Route 1 0 3 ... My client program is sending TCP requests to 10.1.0.254:5025, usually getting a good response but sometimes a bad response. With this few servers, I could send my request to each server in turn until I discover the culprit, but I wonder if that technique will scale as we add servers. What means exist for me to find out where requests got routed? Kernel: Linux 2.6.32 OS: Debian testing (whatever that's called these days). ipvsadm is version 1.25, compiled with ipvs v1.2.1

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• Why is OpenSSH not using the user specified in ssh_config?

  - by Jordan Evens

  I'm using OpenSSH from a Windows machine to connect to a Linux Mint 9 box. My Windows user name doesn't match the ssh target's user name, so I'm trying to specify the user to use for login using ssh_config. I know OpenSSH can see the ssh_config file since I'm specifying the identify file in it. The section specific to the host in ssh_config is: Host hostname HostName hostname IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa User username Compression yes If I do ssh username@hostname it works. Trying using ssh_config only gives: F:\>ssh -v hostname OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010 debug1: Connecting to hostname [XX.XX.XX.XX] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debia n-3ubuntu5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.6 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'hostname' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Offering DSA public key: /cygdrive/f/progs/OpenSSH/home/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I was under the impression that (as outlined in this question: How to make ssh log in as the right user?) specifying User username in ssh_config should work. Why isn't OpenSSH using the username specified in ssh_config?

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• How to prevent samba from holding a file lock after a client disconnects?

  - by Jean-Francois Chevrette

  Here I have a Samba server (Debian 5.0) thats is configured to host Windows XP profiles. Clients connects to this server and work on their profiles directly on the samba share (the profile is not copied locally). Every now and then, a client may not shutdown properly and thus Windows does not free the file locks. When looking at the samba locking table, we can see that many files are still locked even though the client is not connected anymore. In our case, this seems to occur with lockfiles created by Mozilla Thunderbird and Firefox. Here's an example of the samba locking table: # smbstatus -L | grep DENY_ALL | head -n5 Pid Uid DenyMode Access R/W Oplock SharePath Name Time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15494 10345 DENY_ALL 0x3019f RDWR EXCLUSIVE+BATCH /home/CORP/user1 app.profile/user1.thunderbird/parent.lock Mon Nov 22 07:12:45 2010 18040 10454 DENY_ALL 0x3019f RDWR EXCLUSIVE+BATCH /home/CORP/user2 app.profile/user2.thunderbird/parent.lock Mon Nov 22 11:20:45 2010 26466 10056 DENY_ALL 0x3019f RDWR EXCLUSIVE+BATCH /home/CORP/user3 app.profile/user3.firefox/parent.lock Mon Nov 22 08:48:23 2010 We can see that the files were opened by Windows and imposed a DENY_ALL lock. Now when a client reconnects to this share and tries to open those files, samba says that they are locked and denies access. Is there any way to work around this situation or am I missing something? Edit: We would like to avoid disabling file locks on the samba server because there are good reasons to have those enabled.

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• Reducing video mode switching during Linux boot

  - by Zack

  When I boot up my desktop computer, which only has Linux on it, the video mode and/or console font gets switched four times: When GRUB starts, it switches from 80x25 text to a graphical mode so it can draw a pretty background behind its menu; GRUB then goes back to 80x25 text after I pick something from the menu; When the KMS driver for my video card loads, it switches to a much higher-resolution text mode (I don't know if this is a hardware text mode or not); Finally X starts and it goes graphics and stays that way. I think this last switch does not change the resolution of the video mode, only the graphicalness. I'd like to get rid of as many of these mode switches as possible. Ideally, when GRUB takes over from the BIOS it would go directly to the same high-resolution text mode that the KMS driver selects, and the display would stay in that mode till X starts and brings up graphics. I am under the impression that this is possible by mucking with the kernel command line and/or the GRUB console module load parameters, but I don't know the details. GRUB 1.98+20100706, kernel 2.6.32.15 using Nouveau video drivers. Distro is Debian unstable. Please no answers that involve recompiling anything or cobbling together bleeding-edge kernel/driver combinations, I don't care enough about this to go to that much trouble. EDIT: Tobu suggests setting GRUB_GFXMODE to the full pixel resolution of the monitor, and GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep to avoid the mode switch after the menu goes away. This does part of what I want, but winds up being worse overall. There's no mode switch after the menu, but there's still a painfully-slow screen repaint (I should probably just give up on GRUB's gfxmode, it's waaaay too slow at 1920x1200). More seriously, there's now a double mode switch when nouveaufb loads, along with fun-looking error messages in dmesg [ 5.923798] [drm] nouveau 0000:02:00.0: allocated 1920x1200 fb: 0x40250000, bo ffff8801ba5f4600 [ 5.923802] fb: conflicting fb hw usage nouveaufb vs EFI VGA - removing generic driver [ 5.923821] [drm] nouveau 0000:02:00.0: PFIFO_INTR 0x00000010 - Ch 1 ("PFIFO_INTR" message repeats 400+ times) [ 5.925609] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25 [ 5.925802] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x75

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• Performance monitoring on Linux/Unix

  - by ervingsb

  I run a few Windows servers and (Debian and Ubuntu) Linux and AIX servers. I would like to continously monitor performance on these systems in order to easily identify bottlenecks as well as to have an overview of the general activity on the servers. On Windows, I use Windows Performance Monitor (perfmon) for this. I set up these counters: For bottlenecks: Processor utilization : System\Processor Queue Length Memory utilization : Memory\Pages Input/Sec Disk Utilization : PhysicalDisk\Current Disk Queue Length\driveletter Network problems: Network Interface\Output Queue Length\nic name For general activity: Processor utilization : Processor\% Processor Time_Total Memory utilization : Process\Working Set_Total (or per specific process) Memory utilization : Memory\Available MBytes Disk Utilization : PhysicalDisk\Bytes/sec_Total (or per process) Network Utilization : Network Interface\Bytes Total/Sec\nic name (More information on the choice of these counters on: http://itcookbook.net/blog/windows-perfmon-top-ten-counters ) This works really well. It allows me to look in one place and identify most common bottlenecks. So my question is, how can I do something equivalent (or just very similar) on Linux servers? I have looked a bit on nmon (http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-analyze_aix/) which is a free performance monitoring tool developed for AIX but also availble for Linux. However, I am not sure if nmon allows me to set up the above counters. Maybe it is because Linux and AIX does not allow monitoring these exact same measures. Is so, which ones should I choose and why? If nmon is not the tool to use for this, then what do you recommend?

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• Fully FOSS EMail solution

  - by Ravi

  I am looking at various FOSS options to build a robust EMail solution for a government funded university. Commercial options are to be chosen only in the worst case scenario. Here are the requirements: Approx 1000-1500 users - Postfix or Exim? (Sendmail is out;-)) Mailing lists for different groups/Need web based archive - Mailman? Sympa? Centralised identity store - OpenLDAP? Fedora 389DS? Secure IMAP only - no POP3 required - Courier? Dovecot? Cyrus?? Anti Spam - SpamAssasin? what else? Calendaring - ?? webmail - good to have, not mandatory - needs to be very secure...so squirrelmail is out;-)? Other questions: What mailbox storage format to use? where to store? database/file system? Simple and effective HA options? Is there a web proxy equivalent to squid in the mail server world? software load balancers?CARP? Monitoring and alert? Backup? The govt wants to stimulate the local economy by buying hardware locally from whitebox vendors. Also local consultants and university students will do the integration. We looked at out-of-the-box integrated solutions like Axigen, Zimbra and GMail but each was ruled out in favour of a DIY approach in the hopes of full control over the data and avoiding vendor lockin - which i though was a smart thing to do. I wish more provincial governments in the developing world think of these sort of initiatives As for OS - Debian, FreeBSD would be first preference. Commercial OS's need not apply. CentOS as second tier option...

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• Where to get glib-config for Kubuntu?

  - by Carl Smotricz

  I'm trying to compile Midnight Commander on a KUbuntu 9.10 (Karmic) box with no root access. I've set up a directory under $HOME, downloaded the mc source package and various stuff required for building, such as autotools. I've unpacked the CONTENTS of all those packages into this working directory such that I have the usual ./usr, ./lib, ./etc hierarchy. I manage to get configure through a lot of tests, but I can't seem to fool it into finding glib. checking for glib-2.0... checking for glib-config... no checking for glib12-config... no checking for glib-config... no checking for GLIB - version >= 1.2.6... no *** The glib-config script installed by GLIB could not be found *** If GLIB was installed in PREFIX, make sure PREFIX/bin is in *** your path, or set the GLIB_CONFIG environment variable to the *** full path to glib-config. configure: error: Test for glib failed. GNU Midnight Commander requires glib 1.2.6 or above. My system has glib installed: /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0.2200.3 ... and I've also downloaded and unpacked the glib package into my working directory: libglib2.0-0_2.22.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb libglib2.0-dev_2.22.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb ... but still the elusive glib-config is nowhere to be found. It's not in any debian package for Karmic, either. So I'd appreciate any help getting over this hurdle. Please note, again, that I don't have root, so I can't just merrily apt-get stuff.

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