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  • Sending email with exim and external sender address

    - by Tronic
    hi. i have following problem: i want to send emails with an rails webapp. i set up an exim server and when looking into the logs, the sending works, but the emails aren't sent really. i had the same problem with another isp. the sender address is hosted on another mailserver, other isp. i think the problem is, that sending doesn't work because the sener address isn't hosted on the same server. do you have any advice on this? the logs (exim) tell me the following: 2011-01-01 14:38:06 1PZ1eo-0000Ga-38 <= <> R=1PZ1eo-0000GY-1p U=Debian-exim P=local S=1778 2011-01-01 14:38:08 1PZ1eo-0000Ga-38 => [email protected] R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=mx1.emailsrvr.com [98.129.184.131] X=TLS1.0:RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA1:32 DN="C=US,O=mx1.emailsrvr.com,OU=GT21850092,OU=See www.geotrust.com/resources/cps (c)08,OU=Domain Control Validated - QuickSSL(R),CN=mx1.emailsrvr.com" 2011-01-01 14:38:08 1PZ1eo-0000Ga-38 Completed [email protected] is the external sender-address! thank you!

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  • postfix - connection refused from behind NAT

    - by manchine
    When attempting to telnet postfix from a different host in the same LAN through the FQDN (and thus the LAN's public IP), the following error occurs: root@mailer:/var/log# telnet mail.domain.com 25 Trying 1.2.3.4... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused Other services can be reached from the exact same host, however: root@mailer:/var/log# telnet mail.domain.com 22 Trying 1.2.3.4... Connected to mail.domain.com. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4+deb7u1 To make matters more intriguing, Postfix can be accessed from outside the LAN: nunos-mbp:mailog nzimas$ telnet mail.domain.com 25 Trying 1.2.3.4... Connected to mail.domain.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mail.domain.com ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) To sum thing up: a) Postfix (running on 10.10.10.4 / mail.domiain.com) refuses connection from a host in the same LAN (10.10.10.2), but only when queried through the FQDN (mail.domain.com) b) mail.domain.com accepts connections to other services (but Postfix) from 10.10.10.2 c) mail.domain.com accepts connections to all services, including Postfix, from the outside world If it were a firewall issue, then I believe it would not be possible to connect to any service from 10.10.10.2 through the FQSN / public IP. It ought to be some missing parameter in Postfix, although I haven't found any clear pointers so far.

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  • "What happens?" server performance monitor

    - by AlexAtNet
    Hello! After reviewing some thread about server monitoring software I end up with a simple question: Which of the server monitoring tools should I use for automatic detection of "abnormal" situations with recommendations on how to fix them? I look for software that checks the system performance after installation and calculate some average load values (memory, CPU, etc). And when something happens (CPU load is increased to 20%) then it tries to detect a reason for this. If it is apache, it should check for access logs. If mysql, it should check mysql logs and tell me what happens. It this is because some user decodes a lot of images, I'd like to know which command is executed, when and user name. The same for disk usage, memory, number of processes, threads and so on. Ideally, this software should periodically checks the system and report problems: errors in PHP error log, outdated packages, security vulnerabilities. In other word I'm looking a software that will keep my simple Debian/Apache/PHP/MySQL server without forcing me to monitor the charts every day. I hope that such program exists. Thanks, Alex

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  • Ubuntu 12.10 64bit host reboots when trying to install any guest system using VirtualBox

    - by gts123
    I am having a really nasty problem with VirtualBox as everytime I try to install any guest OS(using ISO file as CD for installation media), the installation starts normally but as soon as it is about to start either installing to virtual hard drive or loading(e.g. as LiveFS) it causes the host system to reboot abruptly. Config is as below: Host system: Ubuntu 12.10 64bit - Intel® Core i7-2640M CPU @ 2.80GHz × 4 Virtualbox version: 4.1.18_Ubuntu r78361 Guest OS systems tried: 32bit version of FreeBSD 9, Debian 6, Tails 0.14 VM setup Tried to have the minimal setup necessary just in case it would avoid for each system to make sure I'd avoid conflicts, but to no avail. I've tried different values and combinations of the below but the problem still persists: Shared Clipboard: Disabled Show in fullscreen/seamless: Disabled Remember runtime changes: DIsabled Base Memory: 2048 MB Chipset: PIIX3 IO APIC: Disabled EFI: Disabled Absolute Pointing device: Disabled Processor(s): 1 CPU PAE/NX: Disabled VT-x/AMD-V: Disabled Video Memory: 12 MB 3d/2d acceleration: Disabled Storage IDE COntroller: PIIX3 (same as chipset instead of PIIX4) Use host I/O cache: No Audio: disabled Network adapter: NAT USB controller: disabled No shared folder Also another sideeffect of the reboot is that it appears that it does not log any information in the error log files; not making things any easier. Please help.

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  • How do I set up an email server that automatically maintains a list of previous recipients?

    - by hsivonen
    I want to set up an email server with the following characteristics. What software (besides bogofilter and clamav that I'm naming) should I use and what HOWTOs should I read? The server should run some flavor of Linux that's as low-maintenance as possible and self-updates for security patches in a timely fashion. (Debian stable?) When email is sent, all the recipients are stored in the list of previous recipients maintained by the server. Scan incoming messages with clamav and treat as spam if it contains viruses. When email arrives (if it passed clamav), if the sender is on the list of previous recipients, bypass spam filter. If the List-Id header names a mailing list on a manually maintained list of known-clean mailing lists, bypass spam filter and deliver into a mailbox depending on the mailing list name. Email that wasn't from previous recipients, manually white listed domains or mailing lists gets filtered by bogofilter. Spam goes into a spam mailbox. Email considered to be ham should automatically be fed to bogofilter training as ham. Email considered to be spam (incl. messages with viruses) should be automatically fed to bogofilter training as spam. There should be mailboxes for false ham and false spam that an IMAP client can move email into so that the server retrains bogofilter appropriately. Email sending requires SMTP over SSL. Email reading requires IMAPS. Should I also want to use SpamAssassin in addition to bogofilter?

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  • Wired to wireless bridge in Linux

    - by adrianmcmenamin
    I am attempting to set up my Raspberry Pi as a bridge (but I think this is not a question specific to the hardware) - using Debian wheezy. I have a hostapd.conf: (some details changed for security)... interface=wlan0 bridge=br0 driver=nl80211 auth_algs=1 macaddr_acl=0 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 logger_syslog=-1 logger_syslog_level=0 hw_mode=g ssid=MY_SSID channel=11 wep_default_key=0 wep_key0=MY_KEY wpa=0 (yes, I know WEP is no good) And this in /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge-ports eth0 wlan0 Everything seems to come up ok, but I cannot associate with the bridged wireless connection - even though the flashing lights on the USB stick suggest packets are being exchanged. I have read somewhere that not all cards/devices will run in hostap mode - they won't pass packets in one direction: is that right? (The info was a bit old)- this my card: [ 3.663245] usb 1-1.3.1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [ 3.794187] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 3.804321] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 3.816994] usb 1-1.3.1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 3.823790] usb 1-1.3.1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 3.830645] usb 1-1.3.1: SerialNumber: 12345 So, what have I got wrong here?

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  • Connect two networks

    - by Meek Barrios
    Connecting two different offices with a wireless link and linux boxes. Hardware: 2 CISCO RV42, 2 Dual Homed Linux Boxes running debian, 2 2Wire and 2 AirMax 5 Configuration is: Office A LAN A (10.1.1.0/24) -> RV42 A (WAN1 - 10.1.1.254) -> 2Wire A (Internet) LINUX A ( ETH0 (LAN) 10.1.1.253, ETH1 (LINK) (10.1.3.3) Wireless Link --- AirMax A <-> AirMax B connected as Wireless Bridge Office B LAN B (10.1.2.0/24) -> RV42 B (WAN1 - 10.1.2.254) -> 2Wire B (Internet) LINUX B ( ETH0 (LAN) 10.1.2.253 -> ETH1 (LINK) (10.1.3.4) Network configuration is: LAN A - Default Gateway 10.1.1.254 RV42 A - Static Route 10.1.3.0/24 on 10.1.1.253 Static Route 10.1.2.0/24 on 10.1.1.253 Default on 192.168.1.1 (WAN1 Internet Access) Linux A - ETH0 10.1.1.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.1.254 ETH1 10.1.3.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.1 AIRMAX A - 10.1.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.1 LAN B - Default Gateway 10.1.2.254 RV42 B - Static Route 10.1.3.0/24 on 10.1.2.253 Static Route 10.1.1.0/24 on 10.1.2.253 Default on 192.168.1.1 (WAN1 Internet Access) Linux B - ETH0 10.1.2.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.2.254 ETH1 10.1.3.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.2 AIRMAX B - 10.1.3.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.2 Both linux have ip_forward set to 1 and the following on the iptables: iptables -F iptables -X iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT I can ping from Linux B any ip on 10.1.1.0/24 segment and on linux A any ip on 10.1.2.0/24 segment however I cannot connect to HTTP or FTP on those machines. From LAN A I cannot see any other network. I'm looking for some advice for this configuration or a better solution. Regards

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  • Samba access works with IP address only

    - by Sebastian Rittau
    I added a Debian etch host (hostname: webserver, IP address: 192.168.101.2) running Samba to a Windows network with a Windows 2003 PDC (IP address 192.168.101.3). The Samba server exports a public guest share, called "Intranet". The server shows up fine in the network, but trying to click on it produces an error dialog, stating I don't have the necessary permissions. So does entering \webserver manually and using \webserver\internet states that the path does not exist. Interestingly, accessing the share by IP address (\192.168.101.2 or \192.168.101.2\intranet) works fine. DNS is configured correctly, and "smbclient //webserver/intranet" on another Linux client works fine. One complicating issue is that the webserver is only a VMware virtual machine running on PDC server. Here is our smb.conf: [global] workgroup = Foobar server string = Webserver wins support = yes ; commenting out these wins server = 192.168.101.3 ; two lines has no effect dns proxy = no guest account = nobody [... snipped some unrelated bits, like logging ...] security = share [... snipped some password-related things ...] domain master = no [intranet] comment = Intranet path = /srv/webserver/contents browseable = yes guest ok = yes guest only = yes read only = yes create mask = 0775 directory mask = 0775

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  • How can I setup OpenVPN with IPv4 and IPv6 using a tap device?

    - by Lekensteyn
    I've managed to setup OpenVPN for full IPv4 connectivity using tap0. Now I want to do the same for IPv6. Addresses and network setup (note that my real prefix is replaced by 2001:db8): 2001:db8::100:0:0/96 my assigned IPv6 range 2001:db8::100:abc:0/112 OpenVPN IPv6 range 2001:db8::100:abc:1 tap0 (on server) (set as gateway on client) 2001:db8::100:abc:2 tap0 (on client) 2001:db8::1:2:3:4 gateway for server Home laptop (tap0: 2001:db8::100:abc:2/112 gateway 2001:db8::100:abc:1/112) | | | (running Kubuntu 10.10; OpenVPN 2.1.0-3ubuntu1) | wifi | | router | | OpenVPN INTERNET | eth0 | /tap0 VPS (eth0:2001:db8::1:2:3:4/64 gateway 2001:db8::1) (tap0: 2001:db8::100:abc:1/112) (running Debian 6; OpenVPN 2.1.3-2) The server has both native IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity, the client has only IPv4. I can ping6 to and from my server over OpenVPN, but not to other machines (for example, ipv6.google.com). net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding is set to 1, I've tried disabling net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra as well, without luck. Using tcpdump on both the server and client, I can see that packets are actually transferred over tap0 to eth0. The router (2001:db8::1) send a neighbor solicitation for the client (2001:db8::100:abc:2) to eth0 after it receives the ICMP6 echo-request. The server does not respond to that solicitation, which causes the ICMP6 echo-request not be routed to the destination. How can I make this IPv6 connection work?

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  • Isolating Apache virtualhosts from the rest of the system

    - by JesperB
    I am setting up a web server that will host a number of different web sites as Apache VirtualHosts, each of these will have the possibility to run scripts (primarily PHP, possiblu others). My question is how I isolate each of these VirtualHosts from eachother and from the rest of the system? I don't want e.g. website X to read the configuration of website Y or any of the server's "private" files. At the moment I have set up the VirtualHosts with FastCGI, PHP and SUExec as described here (http://x10hosting.com/forums/vps-tutorials/148894-debian-apache-2-2-fastcgi-php-5-suexec-easy-way.html), but the SUExec only prevents users from editing/executing files other than their own - the users can still read sensitive information such as config files. I have thought about removing the UNIX global read permission for all files on the server, as this would fix the above problem, but I'm not sure if I can safely do this without disrupting the server function. I also looked into using chroot, but it seems that this can only be done on a per-server basis, and not on a per-virtual-host basis. I'm looking for any suggestions that will isolate my VirtualHosts from the rest of the system. PS I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 server

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  • Server slowdown

    - by Clinton Bosch
    I have a GWT application running on Tomcat on a cloud linux(Ubuntu) server, recently I released a new version of the application and suddenly my server response times have gone from 500ms average to 15s average. I have run every monitoring tool I know. iostat says my disks are 0.03% utilised mysqltuner.pl says I am OK other see below top says my processor is 99% idle and load average: 0.20, 0.31, 0.33 memory usage is 50% (-/+ buffers/cache: 3997 3974) mysqltuner output [OK] Logged in using credentials from debian maintenance account. -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.63-0ubuntu0.10.04.1-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 370M (Tables: 52) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 697M (Tables: 1749) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 1754 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 19h 25m 41s (1M q [28.122 qps], 1K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 1B) [--] Reads / Writes: 98% / 2% [--] Total buffers: 1.0G global + 2.7M per thread (500 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 2.4G (30% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (1/1M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 34% (173/500) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/279.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.9% (50K cached / 40 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 61.4% (844K cached / 1M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 553779 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 34K sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 4% (4K on disk / 102K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 84% (185 created / 1K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (256 open / 27K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (20/2K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (692K immediate / 692K locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 697.2M/1.0G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: query_cache_size (> 16M) table_cache (> 256)

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  • How can I make IPv6 on OpenVPN work using a tap device?

    - by Lekensteyn
    I've managed to setup OpenVPN for full IPv4 connectivity using tap0. Now I want to do the same for IPv6. Addresses and network setup (note that my real prefix is replaced by 2001:db8): 2001:db8::100:0:0/96 my assigned IPv6 range 2001:db8::100:abc:0/112 OpenVPN IPv6 range 2001:db8::100:abc:1 tap0 server side (set as gateway on client) 2001:db8::100:abc:2 tap0 client side 2001:db8::1:2:3:4 gateway for server Home laptop (tap0: 2001:db8::100:abc:2/112 gateway 2001:db8::100:abc:1/112) | | | (running Kubuntu 10.10; OpenVPN 2.1.0-3ubuntu1) | wifi | | router | | OpenVPN INTERNET | eth0 | /tap0 VPS (eth0:2001:db8::1:2:3:4/64 gateway 2001:db8::1) (tap0: 2001:db8::100:abc:1/112) (running Debian 6; OpenVPN 2.1.3-2) The server has both native IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity, the client has only IPv4. I can ping6 to and from my server over OpenVPN, but not to other machines (for example, ipv6.google.com). Using tcpdump on both the server and client, I can see that packets are actually transferred over tap0 to eth0. The router (2001:db8::1) send a neighbor solicitation for the client (2001:db8::100:abc:2) to eth0 after it receives the ICMP6 echo-request. The server does not respond to that solicitation, which causes the ICMP6 echo-request not be routed to the destination. How can I make this IPv6 connection work?

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  • Linux NFS create mask and force user equivalent

    - by Mike
    I have two Linux servers: fileserver Debian 5.0.3 (2.6.26-2-686) Samba version 3.4.2 apache Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (2.6.32-23-generic) Apache 2.2.14 I have a number of Samba shares on fileserver so that I can access files from Windows PCs. I am also exporting /data/www-data to the apache server, where I have it mounted as /var/www. The setup is okay, except for when I come to create files on the NFS mount. I end up with files that cannot be read by Apache, or which cannot be modified by other users on my system. With Samba, I can specify force user, force group, create mask and directory mask, and this ensures that all files are created with suitable permissions for my Apache web server. I can't find a way to do this with NFS. Is there a way to force permissions and ownership with NFS - am I missing something obvious? Although I've spent quite a bit of time with Linux, and am weaning myself off Windows, I still haven't quite got to grip with Linux permissions... If this is not the right way to do things, I am open to alternative suggestions.

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  • Wifi Works with Android and Windows 8 but not Linux and Win 7

    - by eramm
    Support has told me that our company wide wifi network is setup to support mobile phones only. However it doesn't make sense to me that they can identify a mobile device rather they have setup the Access Point to use a protocol that is only supported on Android and Windows phones. Because the Access Point supports Windows mobile this means that laptops running Windows 8 can also connect to the Access Point (proven). So it stands to reason that since Android is based on Linux there must be a way to connect using Linux as well. iwlist shows IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : 802.1x WIreshark seems to show that a connection is being made to a website to get a certificate and use a Domain Controller for authentication. Questions: 1) what protocol could they be using that is supported on Win Mobile and Android but not on Win 7 and Linux (Debian) ? 2) what tools can I use to help me discover what protocol i need to support ? I have used iwlist and wireshark but I was not able to glean to much useful information from them. I can post the results if needed. 3) is there an app i can use on my Android phone to help me understand what kind of network it is connecting to ? I can provide more information if you tell me how to get it. I just don't know what I am looking for.

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  • ssh works fine when using public interface, but slow when using private interface

    - by Kevin M
    My Linux(UbuntuEEE) to Linux(CentOS) ssh takes a long time to log in(~15 seconds) when using the private interface, but not when using the public one. I have a Linux box acting as my router. As such, it has multiple interfaces(75.xxx.xxx.xxx, 192.168.1.1). I can ssh in from the internal interface(192.168.1.65 to .1), but it will take a while. I can ssh into the public address, and it goes quickly(~1 second). I have another box that I can ssh into the inside interface from and it goes quickly. iptables is set to accept packets coming into the interface immediately. sshd's UseDNS is normally on; I get the same problem if I turn it off and restart sshd. I normally use public-key authentication; I have done a mv ~/.ssh/ ~/ssh/ and it will ask me for a password after going slowly. After logging in(using either interface), speed is quick. ssh client version(via ssh -v):OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1.2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 ssh server version(via rpm -qv openssh_server):openssh-server-4.3p2-29.el5

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  • postfix revived and delivered have the same values (?)

    - by thinkingbig
    I have configured my first server (Debian with ISPConfig). Generally i want to send bulk e-mails to our users, i configure postfix and turn on postfix... but... After 1 hour of sending emails i have logs like this: Grand Totals messages 21886 received 21883 delivered 0 forwarded 0 deferred 234 bounced 0 rejected (0%) 0 reject warnings 0 held 0 discarded (0%) 30805k bytes received 31280k bytes delivered 3 senders 3 sending hosts/domains 12588 recipients 3 recipient hosts/domains Per-Hour Traffic Summary time received delivered deferred bounced rejected -------------------------------------------------------------------- 0000-0100 0 0 0 0 0 0100-0200 0 0 0 0 0 0200-0300 0 0 0 0 0 0300-0400 0 0 0 0 0 0400-0500 0 0 0 0 0 0500-0600 0 0 0 0 0 0600-0700 0 0 0 0 0 0700-0800 0 0 0 0 0 0800-0900 0 0 0 0 0 0900-1000 0 0 0 0 0 1000-1100 0 0 0 0 0 1100-1200 0 0 0 0 0 1200-1300 0 0 0 0 0 1300-1400 0 0 0 0 0 1400-1500 0 0 0 0 0 1500-1600 15311 15306 0 168 0 1600-1700 6575 6577 0 66 0 1700-1800 0 0 0 0 0 1800-1900 0 0 0 0 0 1900-2000 0 0 0 0 0 2000-2100 0 0 0 0 0 2100-2200 0 0 0 0 0 2200-2300 0 0 0 0 0 2300-2400 0 0 0 0 0 Host/Domain Summary: Message Delivery sent cnt bytes defers avg dly max dly host/domain 21521 30353k 0 3.4 m 15.5 m wp.pl 355 919k 0 54.9 s 13.0 m mysenderdomainexample.pl 7 8477 0 1.7 s 1.9 s prokonto.pl Host/Domain Summary: Messages Received msg cnt bytes host/domain 21879 30786k mysenderdomainexample.pl 5 16196 mx4.wp.pl 1 3200 mx3.wp.pl Senders by message count 21783 [email protected] 96 [email protected] 6 from=< **So, my question is: 1) Why i have recived and delivered have the same values (approx)? 2) How can I check if an email has been delivered? 3) How to change default "root" and "www-data" user (FROM / RETURN PATH) to another? I have changed this in script, but postfix ignore scripting values and send every mail from root (we have .php send cron's in /etc/crontab) 4) WHY APPROX 100 % MAILS RECIVED HAS BEEN ADRESED TO MY SENDER HOST? Host/Domain Summary: Messages Received Waiting for respond, Regards TB**

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  • Ping with explicit next-hop selection (aka Monitoring multiple default gateways)

    - by Michuelnik
    I have a linux (debian) router with two internet connections (A) and (B). (A) is preferred, (B) is fallback. I want to monitor the internet connection (and not only the availability of the gateways!) and change the default route appropriately. If (A) is not providing internet, switch to (B) If (A) is providing internet again, switch back to (A). Only problem I have is in case (2). My routing table points towards a working internet so I cannot easily detect whether internet is working over link (A) again. I am search for a ping or traceroute (or other diagnosis-tool) which can select the next-hop explicitly. ping -r looks promising, but can only ping a host on the lan. (It only has to write another destination address in the packet, damnit!) traceroute -g gateway looks even more promising and nearly does what I want - but sets source routing options which my next-hops deny. (Not within my administrative boundary...) I just want a $ping, that can: select a source interface (and address) select a next-hop on that interface ping any arbitrary ip address I could do evil trickery with policy-based routing but that would have production impact for all users. I would like to see a side-effect-free solution....

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  • The best way to hide data Encryption,Connection,Hardware

    - by Tico Raaphorst
    So to say, if i have a VPS which i own now, and i wanted to make the most secure and stable system that i can make. How would i do that? Just to try: I installed debian 7 with LVM Encryption via installation: You get the 2 partitions a /boot and a encrypted partition. When booting you will be prompted to fill in the password to unlock the encryption of the encrypted partition, Which then will have more partitions like /home /usr and swapspace which will automatically mount. Now, i do need to fill in the password over a VNC-SSL connection via the control panel website of the VPS hoster, so they can see my disk encryption password if they wanted to, they have the option if they wanted to look at what i have as data right? Data encryption on VPS , Is it possible to have a 100% secure virtual private server? So lets say i have my server and it is sitting well locked next to me, with the following examples covered bios (you have to replace bios) raid (you have to unlock raid-config) disk (you have to unlock disk encryption) filelike-zip-tar (files are stored in encrypted archives) which are in some other crypted file mounted as partition (archives mounted as partitions) all on the same system So it will be slow but it would be extremely difficult to crack the encryption. So to say if you stole the server. Then i only need to make the connection like ssh safer with single use passwords, block all incoming and outgoing connections but give one "exception" for myself. And maybe one for if i somehow lose my identity for the "exeption" What other overkill but realistic security options are available, i have heard about SElinux?

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  • Choice of filesystem for GNU/Linux on an SD card

    - by gspr
    Hi. I have am embedded ARM-based system running on an SD card. It's currently Debian GNU/Linux using ext3 as filesystem. As I'm about to reinstall the system, I started wondering about changing to a more flash-friendly filesystem. I've heard about JFFS2, YAFFS2 and LogFS, and they all seem suited to the job. Which one would you recommend? Also, I've heard there have been a lot of ext4 improvements to better suit SSD disks; am I to interpret that as running ext4 should be just fine? What do I need to think especially about in that case? I guess the usage of the system is important. But for the sake of generality, imagine it'll do standard desktop stuff (even though it is infact a small ARM-based system). Thanks for any replies. Edit: Wikipedia tells me (in a "citation needed" statement) that Removable flash memory cards and USB flash drives have built-in controllers to perform wear leveling and error correction so use of a specific flash file system does not add any benefit. Thus, I'm leaning towards sticking with an ext filesystem.

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  • iptables drops some packets on port 80 and i don't know the cause.

    - by Janning
    Hi, We are running a firewall with iptables on our Debian Lenny system. I show you only the relevant entries of our firewall. Chain INPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) target prot opt in out source destination ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 state NEW Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) target prot opt in out source destination ACCEPT all -- * lo 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Some packets get dropped each day with log messages like this: Feb 5 15:11:02 host1 kernel: [104332.409003] dropped IN= OUT=eth0 SRC= DST= LEN=1420 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=18576 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=59327 WINDOW=54 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 for privacy reasons I replaced IP Addresses with and This is no reason for any concern, but I just want to understand what's happening. The web server tries to send a packet to the client, but the firewall somehow came to the conclusion that this packet is "UNRELATED" to any prior traffic. I have set a kernel parameter ip_conntrack_ma to a high enough value to be sure to get all connections tracked by iptables state module: sysctl -w net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max=524288 What's funny about that is I get one connection drop every 20 minutes: 06:34:54 droppedIN= 06:52:10 droppedIN= 07:10:48 droppedIN= 07:30:55 droppedIN= 07:51:29 droppedIN= 08:10:47 droppedIN= 08:31:00 droppedIN= 08:50:52 droppedIN= 09:10:50 droppedIN= 09:30:52 droppedIN= 09:50:49 droppedIN= 10:11:00 droppedIN= 10:30:50 droppedIN= 10:50:56 droppedIN= 11:10:53 droppedIN= 11:31:00 droppedIN= 11:50:49 droppedIN= 12:10:49 droppedIN= 12:30:50 droppedIN= 12:50:51 droppedIN= 13:10:49 droppedIN= 13:30:57 droppedIN= 13:51:01 droppedIN= 14:11:12 droppedIN= 14:31:32 droppedIN= 14:50:59 droppedIN= 15:11:02 droppedIN= That's from today, but on other days it looks like this, too (sometimes the rate varies). What might be the reason? Any help is greatly appreciated. kind regards Janning

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  • Bonnie does not provide speed for Sequential Input / Block

    - by Lqp1
    I'm using ProxmoxVE and I would like to run some benchmarks regarding performances of this product. One of these benchmarks is bonnie++ ; it runs very well in a VM (qemu-kvm) but when I run it in a conainer (openVZ), it does not provide me reading speed (only writing). I don't understand why... Does anyone know what's happenning ? VMs ans Containers are Debian 7.4. Here's the output of bonnie in the container: root@ct2:/# bonnie++ -u root Using uid:0, gid:0. Writing a byte at a time...done Writing intelligently...done Rewriting...done Reading a byte at a time...done Reading intelligently...done start 'em...done...done...done...done...done... Create files in sequential order...done. Stat files in sequential order...done. Delete files in sequential order...done. Create files in random order...done. Stat files in random order...done. Delete files in random order...done. Version 1.96 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- Concurrency 1 -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP ct2 1G 843 99 59116 8 60351 4 4966 99 +++++ +++ 2745 8 Latency 9558us 3582ms 527ms 1672us 936us 5248us Version 1.96 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- ct2 -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ Latency 19567us 358us 368us 107us 59us 25us 1.96,1.96,ct2,1,1401810323,1G,,843,99,59116,8,60351,4,4966,99,+++++,+++,2745,8,16,,,,,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,9558us,3582ms,527ms,1672us,936us,5248us,19567us,358us,368us,107us,59us,25us The filesystem for / is of type "simfs", which is a pseudo filesystem for openVZ. Maybe it's related to this issue but I can't find anyone with the same issue with bonnie and openVZ... Thanks for your help. Regards, Thomas.

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  • how is the the linux console displayed to the user and how does the user go about changing the conso

    - by Chris
    I've been searching for the last two day on trying to understand how the console displays itself to the user and how to change the console settings. I've had some luck along the way but nothing that I've found has giving me a real clear explanation of how the console is displayed or how to change or control it's display settings. Some examples that of what I'm looking for are as follows: How is the console displayed on the screen? I know with X11 it uses your graphics card driver to display graphics to the screen, but how is the consoles text mode handled? Could some one ether explain this to me or point me to an in-depth overview of it all? Is it possible to have multi-head support in console mode with separate tty's on each screen? If so how would I go about setting this up? How would you go about changing the size of the console display from the default 80x25 to a custom size? I'm testing anything I find on a debian testing build, which is just the minimal base install on a virtual box. In time I will be using this information to setup my main system which is multi-head with 3 monitors. I would like to be able to support all three displays in console mode if possible.

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  • VMware Workstation Bridged Network Host UnReachable

    - by user2097818
    VMware Workstation 7 on Win7-64 (Home Premium). I have confirmed this on any guest running on this machine (from winxp to debian). I am using a bridged network connection for my guests (Automatic on VMnet0). All of the network configuration is done with DHCP (including on the host). Problem What I can not do: Ping my host machine from inside any VM. (either shows me "Destination Host Unreachable" or will just timeout) What I CAN do right after power up, with no problems at all. I can connect to the internet from inside the VM I can ping my router from inside the VM I can ping other machines on my network from inside the VM Other machines can ping the VM Other machines can ping the host My host machine can ping the VM (this one is important. read further) Details So I have my router assigned as 192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0, and the router provides the DHCP service (and it seems to be doing so successfully). There are no IP conflicts on the network that I am aware of. All Gateways and Subnet masks are appropriate and matching. My entire workshop is on one single subnet, with one single DHCP server and gateway. There is one method in which I can ping successfully, but it requires an active connection initiated from the host (I start pinging from host to VM). During the period of the active connection, I can successfully ping from VM to host, using explicit IP address. As soon as the host connection is closed, the VM ping starts hanging with the same old messages. My Thoughts This really feels like a firewall problem, but I have turned off all firewalls on host and VM, powered down the network, powered back up, and the problem still persists. And if it was firewall, why would only the IP address associated with bridged VM networks be blocked. I feel as though my host operating system (Win7) is somehow configured incorrectly, or, VMware Workstation is configured incorrectly from the host side. Although I have done my best to put everything in default, I feel like I am missing something silly.

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  • Linux file server for an inexperienced admin

    - by Pat
    A charity I volunteer for wants a file server for their mostly Windows machines (about five XP and 7 machines, with some Mac laptops every now and then). For the server, I have a PC with an Intel Core 2 Duo 3GHz proc, 4GB of DDR2 400MHz RAM, and a 500 GB HDD. (I should point out that they do not currently have any server - they are just using Windows to share a folder on one of the PCs.) What is a linux distro that is easy to configure for Windows file serving yet stable and secure enough to protect sensitive data without an expert sysadmin? I'm guessing that a Debian distro would probably fit the security bill, but I don't know of any tailored to novice sysadmins. Also, are there any killer apps for making this easy to administer and set up (as a Windows file server, in particular - this answer is a good example)? Would FreeNAS be sufficient? Once it's all set up, what are the minimum measures I need to take to keep the data secure? I found this somewhat helpful answer, but it's not specific to my question of just getting a secure file server up, running, and maintained.

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  • VMWare Server modifying files related to paused VMs, is this expected?

    - by David Spillett
    While refreshing the backup of a VM used for testing, I experienced the following warning from tar: tar: /VMsR0/cli_noddyco_test/VM2K8_32_web.vmem: file changed as we read it The VMs in question were paused at the time. My first though was that I'd mixed up the machines and was trying to backup something that was still actively running. To be sure I unpaused and properly shut down the VM, and the vmem files that tar reported changing vanished as I would expect. Is it normal for VMWare Server to touch or alter files for paused VMs like this, or is there likely something amiss with our setup? If this is expected behaviour, is just touching the vmem file (and so altering the last modification date without actually changing content)? If it is normal for files relating to paused VMs to be updated I shall have to revise our backup procedures to make sure the VMs are fully shut down fully rather than just pausing them (this isn't a problem, but it seems strange and I'd prefer to understand what VMWare is doing and why instead of just dismissing it as "one of those things" and working around it). For further detail: the host in question is VMWare Server version 2.0.2 running on 64-bit Debian/Lenny, and that VM did not have a snapshots at the time. We have backed up paused VMs this way in the past with no such warnings from tar.

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