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• python: naming a module that has a two-word name

  - by Jason S

  I'm trying to put together a really simple module with one .py source file in it, and have already run into a roadblock. I was going to call it scons-config but import scons-config doesn't work in Python. I found this SO question and looked at PEP8 style guide but am kind of bewildered, it doesn't talk about two-word-name conventions. What's the right way to deal with this? module name: SconsConfig? scons_config? sconsconfig? scons.config? name of the single .py file in it: scons-config.py? scons_config.py?

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• Python Etiquette: Importing Modules

  - by F3AR3DLEGEND

  Say I have two Python modules: module1.py: import module2 def myFunct(): print "called from module1" module2.py: def myFunct(): print "called from module2" def someFunct(): print "also called from module2" If I import module1, is it better etiquette to re-import module2, or just refer to it as module1.module2? For example (someotherfile.py): import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module1.module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" I can also do this: module2 = module1.module2. Now, I can directly call module2.myFunct(). However, I can change module1.py to: from module2 import * def myFunct(): print "called from module1" Now, in someotherfile.py, I can do this: import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1"; overrides module2 module1.someFunct() # prints "also called from module2" Also, by importing *, help('module1') shows all of the functions from module2. On the other hand, (assuming module1.py uses import module2), I can do: someotherfile.py: import module1, module2 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" Again, which is better etiquette and practice? To import module2 again, or to just refer to module1's importation?

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• Multiple python scripts sending messages to a single central script

  - by Ipsquiggle

  I have a number of scripts written in Python 2.6 that can be run arbitrarily. I would like to have a single central script that collects the output and displays it in a single log. Ideally it would satisfy these requirements: Every script sends its messages to the same "receiver" for display. If the receiver is not running when the first script tries to send a message, it is started. The receiver can also be launched and ended manually. (Though if ended, it will restart if another script tries to send a message.) The scripts can be run in any order, even simultaneously. Runs on Windows. Multiplatform is better, but at least it needs to work on Windows. I've come across some hints: os.pipe() multiprocess Occupying a port mutex From those pieces, I think I could cobble something together. Just wondering if there is an obviously 'right' way of doing this, or if I could learn from anyone's mistakes.

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• How to grab the lines AFTER a matched line in python

  - by toofly

  Hi All, I am an amateur using Python on and off for some time now. Sorry if this is a silly question, but I was wondering if anyone knew an easy way to grab a bunch of lines if the format in the input file is like this: " Heading 1 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Heading 2 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 " I won't know how many lines are after each heading, but I want to grab them all. All I know is the name, or a regular expression pattern for the heading. The only way I know to read a file is the "for line in file:" way, but I don't know how to grab the lines AFTER the line I'm currently on. Hope this makes sense, and thanks for the help!

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• deploying a war to tomcat using python

  - by Decado

  Hi, I'm trying to deploy a war to a Apache Tomcat server (Build 6.0.24) using python (2.4.2) as part of a build process. I'm using the following code import urllib2 import base64 war_file_contents = open('war_file.war','rb').read() username='some_user' password='some_pwd' base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] authheader = "Basic %s" % base64string opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler) request = urllib2.Request('http://158.155.40.110:8080/manager/deploy?path=war_file', data=war_file_contents) request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream') request.add_header("Authorization", authheader) request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT' url = opener.open(request) the url.code is 200, and the url.msg is "OK". However the web archive doesn't appear on the manager list applications page. Thanks.

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• python len calculation

  - by n00bz0r

  I'm currently trying to build a RDP client in python and I came across the following issue with a len check; From: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc240836%28v=prot.10%29.aspx "81 2a - ConnectData::connectPDU length = 298 bytes Since the most significant bit of the first byte (0x81) is set to 1 and the following bit is set to 0, the length is given by the low six bits of the first byte and the second byte. Hence, the value is 0x12a, which is 298 bytes." This sounds weird. For normal len checks, I'm simply using : struct.pack("h",len(str(PacketLen))) but in this case, I really don't see how I can calculate the len as described above. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated !

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• using special characters in functions: Python

  - by satyajit

  I am writing an xmlrpc client which uses a server written in ruby. One of the functions is framework.busy?(). Let me show the ruby version: server.call( "framework.busy?" ) So lets assume I create an instance of the ServerProxy class say server. So while using python to call the function busy? I need to use: server.framework.busy?() This leads to an error: SyntaxError: invalid syntax How can I call this function? Or am I reading the ruby code wrong and implementing it wrongly.

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• Utilizing multiple python projects

  - by Marcin Cylke

  Hi I have a python app, that I'm developing. There is a need to use another library, that resides in different directory. The file layout looks like this: dir X has two project dirs: current-project xLibrary I'd like to use xLibrary in currentProject. I've been trying writting code as if all the sources resided in the same directory and calling my projects main script with: PYTHONPATH=.:../xLibrary ./current-project.py but this does not work. I'd like to use its code base without installing the library globaly or copying it to my project's directory. Is it possible? Or if not, how should I deal with this problem.

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• Check if NFS share is mounted in python script

  - by Fabian

  I wrote a python script that depends on a certain NFS share to be available. If the NFS share is not mounted it will happily copy the files to the local path where it should be mounted, but fail later when it tries to copy some files back that were created on the NFS server. I'd like to catch this error specifically so I can print a useful error message that will tell the users of this script what they have to do. My first idea would be to execute mount using subprocess and then check the output for this nfs share. But I'm wondering if there isn't a nicer and more robust method of doing it.

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• Extract IP address from an html string (python)

  - by GoJian

  My Friends, I really want to extract a simple IP address from a string (actually an one-line html) using Python. But it turns out that 2 hours passed I still couldn't come up with a good solution. >>> s = "<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 165.91.15.131</body></html>" -- '165.91.15.131' is what I want! I tried using regular expression, but so far I can only get to the first number. >>> import re >>> ip = re.findall( r'([0-9]+)(?:\.[0-9]+){3}', s ) >>> ip ['165'] In fact, I don't feel I have a firm grasp on reg-expression and the above code was found and modified from elsewhere on the web. Seek your input and ideas!

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• Exception message (Python 2.6)

  - by TurboJupi

  If I want to open binary file (in Python 2.6), that doesn't exists, program exits with an error and prints this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python_tests\Exception_Handling\src\exception_handling.py", line 4, in <module> pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'monitor.dat' I can handle this with 'try-except', like: try: pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') monitoring_pickle = pickle.load(pkl_file) pkl_file.close() except Exception: print 'No such file or directory' Does anybody know, how could I, in caught Exception, print the following line? File "C:\Python_tests\Exception_Handling\src\exception_handling.py", line 11, in <module> pkl_file = open('monitor.dat', 'rb') So, program would not exits, and I would have useful information.

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• Replacing backslashes in Python strings

  - by user323659

  I have some code to encrypt some strings in Python. Encrypted text is used as a parameter in some urls, but after encrypting, there comes backslashes in string and I cannot use single backslash in urllib2.urlopen. I cannot replace single backslash with double. For example: print cipherText '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' print cipherText.replace('\\','\\\\') '\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb' Also putting r in front of \ in replace statement did not worked. All I want to do is calling that kind of url: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\t3-@\xab7+\xc7\x93H\xdc\xd1\x13G\xe1\xfb" And also this url can be successfully called: http://awebsite.me/main?param="\\t3-@\\xab7+\\xc7\\x93H\\xdc\\xd1\\x13G\\xe1\\xfb" Any idea will be appreciated.

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• Scraping html WITHOUT uniquie identifiers using python

  - by Nicholas Law

  I would like to design an algorithm using python that scrapes thousands of pages like this one and this one, gathers all the data and inserts it into a MySQL database. The script will be run on a weekly or bi-weekly basis to update the database of any new information added to each individual page. Ideally I would like a scraper that is easy to work with for table structured data but also data that does not have unique identifiers (ie. id and classes attributes). Which scraper add-on should I use? BeautifulSoup, Scrapy or Mechanize? Are there any particular tutorials/books I should be looking at for this desired result? In the long-run I will be implementing a mobile app that works with all this data through querying the database.

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• Show me some cool python list comprehensions

  - by christangrant

  One of the major strengths of python and a few other (functional) programming languages are the list comprehension. They allow programmers to write complex expressions in 1 line. They may be confusing at first but if one gets used to the syntax, it is much better than nested complicated for loops. With that said, please share with me some of the coolest uses of list comprehensions. (By cool, I just mean useful) It could be for some programming contest, or a production system. For example: To do the transpose of a matrix mat >>> mat = [ ... [1, 2, 3], ... [4, 5, 6], ... [7, 8, 9], ... ] >>> [[row[i] for row in mat] for i in [0, 1, 2]] [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]] Please include a description of the expression and where it was used (if possible).

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• Python check if object is in list of objects

  - by John

  Hi, I have a list of objects in Python. I then have another list of objects. I want to go through the first list and see if any items appear in the second list. I thought I could simply do for item1 in list1: for item2 in list2: if item1 == item2: print "item %s in both lists" However this does not seem to work. Although if I do: if item1.title == item2.title: it works okay. I have more attributes than this though so don't really want to do 1 big if statement comparing all the attributes if I don't have to. Can anyone give me help or advise on what I can do to find the objects which appear in both lists. Thanks

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• Efficient way to organise data file in columns with Python

  - by user1700959

  I'm getting an output data file of a program which looks like this, with more than one line for each time step: 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 7.9819E-06 1.7724E-02 2.3383E-02 3.0048E-02 3.8603E-02 4.9581E-02 5.6635E-02 4.9991E-02 3.9052E-02 3.0399E-02 .... I want to arrange it in ten columns I have made a Python script, using regular expressions to delete \n in the proper lines, but I think that there should be a simpler more elegant way to do it, here is my script: import re with open('inputfile', encoding='utf-8') as file1: datai=file1.read() dataf=re.sub(r'(?P<nomb>( \d\.\d\d\d\dE.\d\d){8})\n','\g<nomb>',datai) with open('result.txt',mode='w',encoding='utf-8') as resultfile: resultfile.write(datof) Thanks in advance

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• How to launch new Firefox window with multiple tabs using Python

  - by newbie py

  Hi, I want to create a MSWindows Python program that would launch a new Firefox window with multiple tabs each time it is run. For example if I want to search "hello", a new window pops out (even if a Firefox window is already open) and then launches a Google and Bing tabs searching for "hello". If I change the keyword to "world", a new browser pops out again with Google and Bing tabs searching for "world". I've looked at the webbrowser module but couldn't get it to: 1. Launch a new browser when a browser is already open: e.g. webbrowser.open('http://www.google.com',new=1) will instead open a new tab 2. Launch multiple tabs simultaneously in the same window Appreciate the help. Thanks.

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• Python - Memory Leak

  - by Dave

  I'm working on solving a memory leak in my Python application. Here's the thing - it really only appears to happen on Windows Server 2008 (not R2) but not earlier versions of Windows, and it also doesn't look like it's happening on Linux (although I haven't done nearly as much testing on Linux). To troubleshoot it, I set up debugging on the garbage collector: gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE | gc.DEBUG_INSTANCES | gc.DEBUG_OBJECTS) Then, periodically, I log the contents of gc.garbage. Thing is, gc.garbage is always empty, yet my memory usage goes up and up and up. Very puzzling.

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• Python/Tkinter make a custom window

  - by user1435947

  I want to make a window without the top taskbar (that is movable), so there is only thin outline around the GUI box. I also want to add my own 'X' to the box. import Tkinter class Application(Frame): def __init__(self, master=None): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.parent = master ............ def main(): root = Tk() root.attributes('-fullscreen', True) root.geometry('500x250+500+200') app = Application(root) app.parent.configure(background = 'gray32') root.resizable(width=FALSE, height=FALSE) app.mainloop() main() I tried forcing the box to resize after going into fullscreen to remove the taskbar, though box is no longer movable. Any suggestions? [I have seen this thread: Python/Tkinter: Removing/disabling a resizable window's maximize button under Windows The -toolwindow attribute didn't work for me, maybe because I use linux...]

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• Where is Python support for PEM + RSA + DES3?

  - by jasonjs

  I need a Python library that supports PEM files and both RSA signing and DES3 encryption. pycrypto doesn't seem to support PEM, and its mechanism for loading existing keys is undocumented and cryptic. m2crypto doesn't seem to support DES/DES3, oddly. I've been running an openssl subprocess, but I'd rather have something built in and preferably fast. Does this exist? (Failing that, I hesitate to ask, but are there high-level enough C apis available for this that I could write a special-purpose extension without killing myself/introducing vulns?)

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• How to sub with matched groups and variables in Python

  - by Syed

  Hi, new to python. This is probably simple but I haven't found an answer. rndStr = "20101215" rndStr2 = "20101216" str = "Looking at dates between 20110316 and 20110317" outstr = re.sub("(.+)([0-9]{8})(.+)([0-9]{8})",r'\1'+rndStr+r'\2'+rndStr2,str) The output I'm looking for is: Looking at dates between 20101215 and 20101216 But instead I get: P101215101216 The values of the two rndStr's doesn't really matter. Assume its random or taken from user input (I put static vals here to keep it simple). Thanks for any help.

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• python grep reverse matching

  - by thomytheyon

  Hi Alls, I would like to build a small python script that basicaly does the reverse of grep. I want to match the files in a directory/subdirectory that doesn't have a "searched_string". So far i've done that: import os filefilter = ['java','.jsp'] path= "/home/patate/code/project" for path, subdirs, files in os.walk(path): for name in files: if name[-4:] in filefilter : print os.path.join(path, name) This small script will be listing everyfiles with "java" or "jsp" extension inside each subdirectory, and will output them full path. I'm now wondering how to do the rest, for example i would like to be able if I forgot a session management entry in one file (allowing anyone a direct file access), to search for : "if (!user.hasPermission" and list the file which does not contain this string. Any help would be greatly appreciated ! Thanks

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• Python+suds : xsd_base64Binary type ?

  - by n1r3

  Hi, I'm trying to attach some files to a Jira using the Soap API. I have python 2.6 and SOAPpy isn't working any more, so, I'm using suds. Everything is fine except for the attachements ... I don't know how to rewrite this piece of code : http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/JIRA/Creating+a+SOAP+Client?focusedCommentId=180943#comment-180943 Any clue ? I don't know how to deal with complex type like this one : <complexType name="ArrayOf_xsd_base64Binary"> <complexContent> <restriction base="soapenc:Array"> <attribute ref="soapenc:arrayType" wsdl:arrayType="xsd:byte[][]"/> </restriction> </complexContent> </complexType> thanks a lot n.

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• kmeans based on mapreduce by python

  - by user3616059

  I am going to write a mapper and reducer for the kmeans algorithm, I think the best course of action to do is putting the distance calculator in mapper and sending to reducer with the cluster id as key and coordinates of row as value. In reducer, updating the centroids would be performed. I am writing this by python. As you know, I have to use Hadoop streaming to transfer data between STDIN and STOUT. according to my knowledge, when we print (key + "\t"+value), it will be sent to reducer. Reducer will receive data and it calculates the new centroids but when we print new centroids, I think it does not send them to mapper to calculate new clusters and it just send it to STDOUT and as you know, kmeans is a iterative program. So, my questions is whether Hadoop streaming suffers of doing iterative programs and we should employ MRJOB for iterative programs?

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• Why is '\x' invalid in Python?

  - by Paul McGuire

  I was experimenting with '\' characters, using '\a\b\c...' just to enumerate for myself which characters Python interprets as control characters, and to what. Here's what I found: \a - BELL \b - BACKSPACE \f - FORMFEED \n - LINEFEED \r - RETURN \t - TAB \v - VERTICAL TAB Most of the other characters I tried, '\g', '\s', etc. just evaluate to the 2-character string of a backslash and the given character. I understand this is intentional, and makes sense to me. But '\x' is a problem. When my script reaches this source line: val = "\x" I get: ValueError: invalid \x escape What is so special about '\x'? Why is it treated differently from the other non-escaped characters?

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