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• sshd: How to enable PAM authentication for specific users under

  - by Brad

  I am using sshd, and allow logins with public key authentication. I want to allow select users to log in with a PAM two-factor authentication module. Is there any way I can allow PAM two-factor authentication for a specifc user? I don't want users - By the same token - I only want to enable password authentication for specific accounts. I want my SSH daemon to reject the password authentication attempts to thwart would-be hackers into thinking that I will not accept password authentication - except for the case in which someone knows my heavily guarded secret account, which is password enabled. I want to do this for cases in which my SSH clients will not let me do either secret key, or two-factor authentication.

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• New SBS 2011 installation (not migration) in an existing 2008 R2 domain

  - by Tong Wang

  My current network setup has two servers: a Windows 2008 R2 with TMG 2010 as edge firewall (TMG server), a second 2008 R2 with DC, DNS and Hyper-V roles (DCDNS server). I was trying to install SBS 2011 as a child partition on DCDNS, first I installed SBS 2011 in English and did the migration successfully. However, later on, I found that I can't change the display language in SBS 2011 once it's installed (but the clients require a different language), so I had to re-install the SBS in a different language. It is during the re-installation that the problem came up: the migration can't be completed with some error message stating "can't access the source server". I re-ran the migration preparation tool, but it didn't make any difference. I wonder if it's because the source server can only be "migrated" once. Since I only need to setup a handful of users and computers, so I decided to do a new install of SBS and picked a different domain name. But I can't get the SBS to connect to LAN: it can't ping other servers, neither can other servers ping the SBS server. I've tried to stop the DC/DNS services on DCDNS and restart SBS, but with no difference. Anyone has idea how to fix this problem?

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• How can I use an SSH tunnel for all traffic from a single application, without knowing the ports used?

  - by Matthew Read

  I have an application that opens connections on dozens of ports, and doesn't provide documentation about which ports it uses. I could use Wireshark or something to capture the traffic and export the ports from that, but I think it should be simpler than that. (And I'm not sure I would be able to cover all use cases and ensure the app used every single port it can ever use.) So I'm looking for a way to just say "forward all traffic from this application" (bonus points for all traffic from child processes as well) without needing to worry about specific ports. I'm sure there must be a way, but I couldn't hit on the right keywords while searching Google. How can I do this?

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• nginx rewrite rule for using domain host to redirect to specific internal directory

  - by user85836

  I'm new to Nginx rewrites and looking for help in getting a working and minimal rewrite code. We would like to use urls like 'somecity.domain.com' on campaign materials and have the result go to city-specific content within the 'www' site. So, here are use cases, if the customer enters: www.domain.com (stays) www.domain.com domain.com (goes to) www.domain.com www.domain.com/someuri (stays the same) somecity.domain.com (no uri, goes to) www.domain.com/somecity/prelaunch somecity.domain.com/landing (goes to) www.domain.com/somecity/prelaunch somecity.domain.com/anyotheruri (goes to) www.domain.com/anyotheruri Here's what I've come up with so far, and it partially works. What I can't understand is how to check if there is no path/uri after the host, and I'm guessing there is probably a way better way to do this. if ($host ~* ^(.*?)\.domain\.com) { set $city $1;} if ($city ~* www) { break; } if ($city !~* www) { rewrite ^/landing http://www.domain.com/$city/prelaunch/$args permanent; rewrite (.*) http://www.domain.com$uri$args permanent; }

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• Postfix - Block email from non-existent local addresses

  - by Kelso.b

  My question is very similar to this one, but for postfix. We keep getting emails from addresses like "[email protected]" delivered to other "@ourdomain.com" addresses. From my google research, I understand it might not be practical to verify the email originated from our IP or VPN (Although this would be ideal, so if you can think of a way to do this, let me know), but in most of these cases the sender address (ex. "accounting") is not a valid account. I imagine there must be a way to make sure that a local account exists before delivering the message.

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• Looking at desktop virtualization, but some users need 3D support. Is HP Remote Graphics a viable solution?

  - by Ryan Thompson

  My company is looking at desktop virtualization, and are planning to move all of the desktop compute resources into the server room or data center, and provide users with thin clients for access. In most cases, a simple VNC or Remote Desktop solution is adequate, but some users are running visualizations that require 3D capability--something that VNC and Remote Desktop cannot support. Rather than making an exception and providing desktop machines for these users, complicating out rollout and future operations, we are considering adding servers with GPUs, and using HP's Remote Graphics to provide access from the thin client. The demo version appears to work acceptably, but there is a bit of a learning curve, it's not clear how well it would work for multiple simultaneous sessions, and it's not clear if it would be a good solution to apply to non-3D sessions. If possible, as with the hardware, we want to deploy a single software solution instead of a mishmash. If anyone has had experience managing a large installation of HP Remote Graphics, I would appreciate any feedback you can provide.

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• apache, shibboleth, load balancing aliase, ssl

  - by Nikolaidis Fotis

  Good morning folks Could you give me a bit of help with the following problem ? I have a dns load balancing mechanism and an alias (hostAlias) which may point to host01, or host02 I want to configure apache and shibboleth to work with that alias. What happens is ... User types : https://hostAlias (it points to host01) apache host01 : redirect to shibboleth shibboleth host01 : redirect to **https://hostAlias.cern.ch/Shibboleth.sso/ADFS** Now, there are two cases. Either this time hostAlias will point again to host01 , or it will point to host02. If it points to host02, host01 will not get the anwser and the authentication fails. Also, about ssl certificates, I guess that each host will need its own certificate. right ? Should I need a certificate with DNS aliases ? Thanks in advance !

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• How to use graphical line drawing characters with Midnight Commander on OS X under ssh?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I discovered that when I do ssh to a machine using OS X 10.6 and use mc I do not see the graphical line drawing characters. This does not happen if I open terminal and start mc. I'm connecting using putty configured to use xterm-color, configuraton that works just fine if I do ssh to a linux machine. The mc from OS X is version 4.7.0 (installed using macports). What locale returns: LC_CTYPE="C" <== ssh LC_CTYPE="UTF-8" <== Terminal.app ssh: mc display bits shows: 7-bit ASCII (changing does not help, it defaults to the same value) Terminal.app: mc display bits shows: UTF-8 The environment shows TERM=xterm-color in both cases Terminal.app and ss but mc looks different. I filed a bug to mc with this information at http://www.midnight-commander.org/ticket/2339

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• Dual HDD dual boot Win7/Win7 hibernate corrupts partitions?

  - by Ivan Zlatev

  I have two SSDs in my laptop. Both have 2 partitions each one with Windows 7 64bit and another one with OEM stuff on it (SYSTEM_DRV). I use the BIOS boot menu to boot between the drives. I have removed the drive letters so that no partitions of drive 1 are mapped in windows 2 on drive 2 and wise-versa. What I have observered however is that when I hibernate windows 1, boot windows 2 do some work and shutdown then resume windows 1 - the windows 2 partition will get corrupt quite often. Just happened actually - it is shown as "RAW" in the Disk manager instead of NTFS and windows will blue screen at boot. Alternatively I've seen cases where chkdsk will run and will wipe out all security descriptors making the partition completly unbootable. Why am I seeing these corruptions and what can I do to prevent them?

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• Having trouble keeping a 1GB RAM Centos server running

  - by Josh

  This is my first time configuring a VPS server and I'm having a few issues. We're running Wordpress on a 1GB Centos server configured per the internet (online research). No custom queries or anything crazy but closing in on 8K posts. At arbitrary intervals, the server just goes down. From the client side, it just says "Loading..." and will spin more or less indefinitely. On the server side, the shell will lock completely. We have to do a hard reboot from the control panel and then everything is fine. Watching "top" I see it hovering between 35 - 55% memory usage generally and occasional spikes up to around 80%. When I saw it go down, there were about 30 - 40 Apache processes showing which pushed memory over the edge. "error_log" tells me that maxclients was reached right before each reboot instance. I've tried tinkering with that but to no avail. I think we'll probably need to bump the server up to the next RAM level but with ~120K pageviews per month, it seems like that's a bit overkill since it was running fairly well on a shared server before. Any ideas? httpd.conf and my.cnf values to add? I'll update this with the current ones if that helps. Thanks in advance! This has been a fun and important learning experience but, overall, quite frustrating! Edit: quick top snapshot: top - 15:18:15 up 2 days, 13:04, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.44, 0.38 Tasks: 85 total, 2 running, 83 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.7%us, 3.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2051088k total, 736708k used, 1314380k free, 199576k buffers Swap: 4194300k total, 0k used, 4194300k free, 287688k cached

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• Excel CSV import treating quoted strings of numbers as numeric values, not strings

  - by MichaelOryl

  I've got a web application that is exporting its data to a CSV file. Here's one example row of the CSV file in question: 28,"65154",02/21/2013 00:00,"false","0316295","8316012,8315844","MALE" Since I can't post an image, I'll have to explain the results in Excel. The "0316295" field gets turned into a number and the leading 0 goes away. The "8316012,8315844" gets interpreted as one single number: 83,160,128,315,844. That is, most obviously, not the intended result. I've seen people recommend a leading single quote for such cases, but that doesn't really work either. 28,"65154",02/21/2013 00:00,"false","'0316295","'8316012,8315844","MALE" The single quote is visible at all times in the cell in Excel, though if I enter a number with a leading single quote myself, it shows just the intended string and not the single quote with the string. Importing is not the same as typing, it seems. Anybody have a solution here?

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• is there a way to prespecify to overwrite files with same name?

  - by Celeritas

  Connections to network drives are ridiculously slow (e.g. 15kb/sec on really good days) and when I'm copying files I leave my desk. My problem is when there is a file with the same name to be overwritten, is there a way to specify in advanced to overwrite files? I know it has the option "do same for next x conflicts" but that doesn't popup until (in some cases) a long time after the files start copying. See my dilemma? Example: copying 500 files, estimated time 2 hours, I leave, after 10 minutes message comes up about file with same name and asks if it should overwrite (in this time copying stalls), I come back 30 minutes latter to find only the files in the 10 minutes copied. Out of curiosity how could the network speed be so bad? I asked the boss and he said because it gets routed around a lot and is just bad :(

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• Why am I seeing excessive disk activity when installing applications?

  - by Kev

  I'm running Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit on a Dell Vostro 1720 with 8GB of RAM, 7200RPM Disk, 2.53 GHz Core2Duo (Windows 7 64 bit is a supported option and the laptop came with the OS pre-installed). I'm noticing some fairly excessive disk activity when running installers. For example the Visual Studio 2010 RC installer constantly accessed the disk for ~10 minutes. It was so excessive that I was unable to use the machine until this ceased. Today I installed Trillian Astra 4.1 for Windows (latest build from the website). Again when I ran the installer I was pretty much locked out of the machine until the disk activity calmed down. In both cases when I eventually managed to launch task manager I could see that the CPU was sitting at around 5% to 7% utilisation whilst this was going on. All other disk related activity is fine, the machine is snappy and applications launch without delay. It's just when I run an installer I see this odd behaviour. Why would this be?

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• Postfix connection lost after AUTH

  - by user84104

  Looking at the logs on my mailservers, I have noticed messages like the following: Nov 29 12:09:38 mta postfix/smtpd[8362]: connect from unknown[183.13.165.14] Nov 29 12:09:39 mta postfix/smtpd[8362]: lost connection after AUTH from unknown[183.13.165.14] Nov 29 12:09:39 mta postfix/smtpd[8362]: disconnect from unknown[183.13.165.14] Nov 29 12:09:39 mta postfix/smtpd[8409]: connect from unknown[183.13.165.14] Nov 29 12:09:40 mta postfix/smtpd[8409]: lost connection after AUTH from unknown[183.13.165.14] Nov 29 12:09:40 mta postfix/smtpd[8409]: disconnect from unknown[183.13.165.14] There are no SASL failures in these cases. There are SASL failures are logged at other times, but never with lost connection after AUTH. What is happening here, and should I do any about it? These are not MXs, and already have smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit set. Possibly related: The systems require either SMTPS or STARTTLS before AUTH is announced.

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• Make UEFI, GPT, Bootloader, SSD, USB, Linux and Windows work together

  - by user129552

  I like to use the latest hardware and the latest software; thus I have a Laptop (Lenovo X220) with UEFI instead of BIOS an SSD instead of an HDD GPT partitioning scheme instead of MBR USB to boot from instead of optical disks. I need to use both Windows and Linux. I tried to make them work alongside, but I didn't succeed. Most Linux distribution isos don't even really work on UEFI systems booted from USB. (Not even the self-claimed cutting-edge Fedora. I also tried Linux Mint Debian Edition and Sabayon Linux (according to this guide) which did not work. Only Ubuntu worked for me. I first installed Windows 8 which created sda1: Recovery, sda2: EFI system, sda3: msftres, sda4: NTFS Windows. Windows worked without a problem. I then created sda5: linux-swap and installed Ubuntu into sda6: btrfs. After rebooting, I was not presented GRUB2 as expected, but instead my system just booted into Ubuntu. I could no longer access Windows. After fixing dpkg in btrfs Ubuntu, I followed the Ubuntu documentation on UEFI booting. The result left me with a broken GRUB2, but interestingly, when I wanted to select the device to boot from, I was not only presented the internal SSD, an attached USB device, or LAN, but also Grub2 (broken), Ubuntu and Windows. The result is not very satisfying to me. What would I have to do to fix everything? Or differently asked, what operating system should I install at what point given my possibilities and requirements, so that I have a working bootloader in my UEFI GPT system which presents me a working Linux and Windows.

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• HTTP resource caching / fetching

  - by Bobby Jack

  I'm trying to optimise a page, and I'm seeing some strange behaviour. Each time I click on a link to the page, all resources are fetched from the server, responding with 200s. However, when I refresh the page (specifically, F5 in Firefox), all resources return a 304 and - of course - the page loads much faster as a result. The main page returns a 200 in both cases. In the refresh case, If-Modified-Since headers are sent with the requests to the resources. However, in the 'clicking a link' case, they are not. What's the reason for that, and can I control it?

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• certificate error while subdomain forwarding

  - by rahulchandran

  I have a website, call it http://sub.example.com, hosted on, say, 72.xx.xx.x. There is a certificate for https://sub.example.com. Now I go into the DNS management tool in my hosting provider, and I set up the standard subdomain forwarding wherein https://sub.example.com forwards to 72.xx.xx.x. Now when I try to browse to https://sub.example.com, I get a certificate error saying it is for the wrong website. I have also tried forwarding http://sub.example.com to 72.xx.xx.x, and tried it with domain masking in both cases. I am still getting the certificate error no matter what. Additional wrinkle: if someone types in https://sub.example.com then the domain forwarding does not seem to work and IE just spins endlesssly and finally fails. How can I domain forward the https://sub.example.com to 72.xx.xx.x?

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• Alerting when a RAID Array disk fails locally on VMWare ESX or ESXi System

  - by Tim K

  With ESX and ESXi, we recently had two systems where that the boot partition became degraded due to a failed disk. The only alert we managed to capture was the visual alert on the Dell servers. We failed to received any electronic alerts regarding the failed or degraded array. Does anyone have any experience with monitoring for these types of failures? In both cases, the servers were running in a RAID 5 SCSI configuration (5 disks on one system, 3 disks on another) which if we were running a Windows Server OS, we would have had an alert created in the Eventviewer. Where would I begin to look for this solution. Can it be configured in VCenter or vFoglight?

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• Windows fails to restart on reboot

  - by daramarak

  We have many machines running windows xp embedded. The machines are configured to reboot if any problems should occur. But our problem now is that in some cases the machines seems to shut down, but never reboots again. The same machine might reboot fine in the next time we try. Does anyone have clue what the problem might be. Does anyone got some advice on how to debug this problem. Are there any logs that might contain valuable information? Recreating this problem is not done easily so elimination methods are not feasable.

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• How can I diagnose cache misses when using Apache as a reverse proxy?

  - by johnstok

  I have set up Apache 2.2 as a reverse proxy with the following configuration: # jBoss proxying ProxyRequests Off <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /foo http://localhost:9080/foo ProxyPassReverse /foo http://localhost:9080/foo ProxyPassReverseCookiePath /foo /foo # Reverse proxy caching CacheEnable disk /foo # Compression SetOutputFilter DEFLATE BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip BrowserMatch \bMSIE\s(7|8) !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html DeflateCompressionLevel 9 Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary However, in a number of cases where I expect a cached response to be returned the request is sent through to the origin server at localhost:9080. Responses have a HTTP Vary header of 'Accept-Encoding,User-Agent' which is to be expected given the mod_deflate configuration. How can I determine why Apache is unable to serve a response from the cache?

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• creating decision tree based troubleshooting documentation?

  - by Joseph

  We troubleshoot a lot of server and network issues and follow a loose set of steps on what to do in different cases. With more and more people and responsibility, the need for standardization is needed so we don't miss something. I know I could accomplish what I want using flowcharts, but I'd like to do something similar to a "Choose Your Own Adventure" style. I think this is pretty much the same as what support call centers seem to do. Are there any tools to make creating such documentation easier? I'm looking for a web based approach if possible.

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• USB keyboard not working under Windows 7 x64?

  - by Comboo

  I have two USB keyboards, one no-name cheap thing and an old Logitech. When I plug them in to my computer they pop up in Device Manager as an "Unknown device" and "USB-receiver", respectively. Both of them fail to install any drivers, neither automatically or through Windows Update. Both keyboards work perfectly on another computer I have with Windows Vista 32-bit. Can this be one of those cases where a device does not work in a 64-bit version of Windows? I doubt it though since I've never had that problem before with any device and I thought that basic things like keyboards would be kind of failsafe. I don't really know how to start debugging this issue. I've tried all the obvious, rebooting, changing the USB port, etc. Are there any generic x64 keyboard drivers you can use? Is there any way to find the manufacturer of the keyboard over USB? There is nothing written on it.

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• App / protocol to tune into live audio and video based on schedule or subscription

  - by Richard

  Many of us have embraced the podcasting revolution enabled by rss feeds and podcatchers. Alot of sites now broadcast live streams of what is eventually edited into a podcast. In most cases listening to the live stream gets you the info several days sooner then the podcast. So I was wondering if anybody knows of a notification protocol / app that allows me to auto tune into certain streams when they go live, or based on a schedule. I imagine twitter could be used for the notification but It'd be better not to be tied to a proprietary service. Example podcasts / live streams noagenda.squarespace.com jupiterbroadcasting.com twit.tv

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• Good documentation tool that is not Latex?

  - by flpgdt

  I am far from being a expert in Latex but I'm ok to document my projects with it. Though I would seldom find people in the corporate word eager to learn latex and going along with the documentation. 99% of the cases they would just ask me the Word version of it. For technical documentation I find less resistance, but still, whenever I start a project with someone not familiar with latex, the starting up is troublesome. That said, latex is a bit of an oversize tool for my needs really. My documents hardly go further from tables, lists, few images and type styles (although I'd love to still be able to produce hyperlinked PDFs). What are other tools there, simpler and with a easier learning curve than Latex, but still PDF worthy and with minimally decent capabilities? It also has to run on windows :( Oh. yeah, MSWord is not an option ;)

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• Xen P2V for large physical hosts with much free space

  - by Sirex

  I need to P2V a rhel5 machine to xen under rhel5. I know I can use dd if=/dev/sda then using virt-install --import on the host, but the downside of this is the original machine has 80% free space on its drive. Does anyone know of (or can document) a quick and easy method which works reliably, to produce a bootable xen image which can run under a hvm in such cases ? I tried clonezilla to make the image, to avoid the free space problem, but it failed to do the clone with "something went wrong" (useless info, i know). At the moment im looking at doing a dd of each partition, and a file level copy of the partition which is mostly empty, then creating a new virtual disk, copying the partitions over to it by mounting both the new image and the virtual drive on a second vm, then copying the boot sectors over, then copying the file level backup..... there must be an easier way ? Oh, and budget is $0. :)

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