Search Results

Search found 3249 results on 130 pages for 'packet loss'.

Page 117/130 | < Previous Page | 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124  | Next Page >

• How do you unit test the real world?

  - by Kim Sun-wu

  I'm primarily a C++ coder, and thus far, have managed without really writing tests for all of my code. I've decided this is a Bad Idea(tm), after adding new features that subtly broke old features, or, depending on how you wish to look at it, introduced some new "features" of their own. But, unit testing seems to be an extremely brittle mechanism. You can test for something in "perfect" conditions, but you don't get to see how your code performs when stuff breaks. A for instance is a crawler, let's say it crawls a few specific sites, for data X. Do you simply save sample pages, test against those, and hope that the sites never change? This would work fine as regression tests, but, what sort of tests would you write to constantly check those sites live and let you know when the application isn't doing it's job because the site changed something, that now causes your application to crash? Wouldn't you want your test suite to monitor the intent of the code? The above example is a bit contrived, and something I haven't run into (in case you haven't guessed). Let me pick something I have, though. How do you test an application will do its job in the face of a degraded network stack? That is, say you have a moderate amount of packet loss, for one reason or the other, and you have a function DoSomethingOverTheNetwork() which is supposed to degrade gracefully when the stack isn't performing as it's supposed to; but does it? The developer tests it personally by purposely setting up a gateway that drops packets to simulate a bad network when he first writes it. A few months later, someone checks in some code that modifies something subtly, so the degradation isn't detected in time, or, the application doesn't even recognize the degradation, this is never caught, because you can't run real world tests like this using unit tests, can you? Further, how about file corruption? Let's say you're storing a list of servers in a file, and the checksum looks okay, but the data isn't really. You want the code to handle that, you write some code that you think does that. How do you test that it does exactly that for the life of the application? Can you? Hence, brittleness. Unit tests seem to test the code only in perfect conditions(and this is promoted, with mock objects and such), not what they'll face in the wild. Don't get me wrong, I think unit tests are great, but a test suite composed only of them seems to be a smart way to introduce subtle bugs in your code while feeling overconfident about it's reliability. How do I address the above situations? If unit tests aren't the answer, what is? Thanks!

  Read the article

• Why does pinging a local router return "Destination Host Unreachable"?

  - by Matt H

  I have two tomato routers. One is bridged wirelessly with the other. I have a new server on the network. It's running Ubuntu Server 11.04. They are all connected like this: A - Linux PC B - New Server C - Mac Mini D - Macbook T1 - Tomato 1 T2 - Tomato 2 They are connected like so: A -----+-T1 ==== wireless bridge ==== T2----- ADSL modem | | C & D Connected wirelessly to T2 B -----+ A, C & D do not experience any issues. I have an active SSH session to B from A and it's not experiencing any loss. B, the new server occasionally cannot ping T2 and therefore cannot connect to the internet. However, A can always contact B and B can ping A and B When the network is lost, B can still ping T1, but not T2 yet at the same as B has lost connection to T2, A can still ping T2. Any ideas on what this could be? there is nothing that gives any clues in any of the logs on either router or the linux server. One thing that is interesting is that I set up a ping running between B and T2. T2 has the IP address 192.68.1.1 Here is what I am seeing: From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=28 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=29 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=30 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=31 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=33 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=34 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=35 Destination Host Unreachable 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=36 ttl=63 time=3.40 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=37 ttl=63 time=5.70 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=38 ttl=63 time=2.25 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=39 ttl=63 time=2.18 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=40 ttl=63 time=3.12 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=41 ttl=63 time=2.15 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=42 ttl=63 time=1.97 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=43 ttl=63 time= And it cycles to being reachable and not. So I guess you could say the question is, why is the router responding that it cannot be reached?

  Read the article

• What happens to missed writes after a zpool clear?

  - by Kevin

  I am trying to understand ZFS' behaviour under a specific condition, but the documentation is not very explicit about this so I'm left guessing. Suppose we have a zpool with redundancy. Take the following sequence of events: A problem arises in the connection between device D and the server. This causes a large number of failures and ZFS therefore faults the device, putting the pool in degraded state. While the pool is in degraded state, the pool is mutated (data is written and/or changed.) The connectivity issue is physically repaired such that device D is reliable again. Knowing that most data on D is valid, and not wanting to stress the pool with a resilver needlessly, the admin instead runs zpool clear pool D. This is indicated by Oracle's documentation as the appropriate action where the fault was due to a transient problem that has been corrected. I've read that zpool clear only clears the error counter, and restores the device to online status. However, this is a bit troubling, because if that's all it does, it will leave the pool in an inconsistent state! This is because mutations in step 2 will not have been successfully written to D. Instead, D will reflect the state of the pool prior to the connectivity failure. This is of course not the normative state for a zpool and could lead to hard data loss upon failure of another device - however, the pool status will not reflect this issue! I would at least assume based on ZFS' robust integrity mechanisms that an attempt to read the mutated data from D would catch the mistakes and repair them. However, this raises two problems: Reads are not guaranteed to hit all mutations unless a scrub is done; and Once ZFS does hit the mutated data, it (I'm guessing) might fault the drive again because it would appear to ZFS to be corrupting data, since it doesn't remember the previous write failures. Theoretically, ZFS could circumvent this problem by keeping track of mutations that occur during a degraded state, and writing them back to D when it's cleared. For some reason I suspect that's not what happens, though. I'm hoping someone with intimate knowledge of ZFS can shed some light on this aspect.

  Read the article

• Holding off Windows 2000/3 Server in Shutdown

  - by user1668993

  We have a C# VS2010 application running on a Windows 2000 Server box (there is also a Windows 2003 Server box) as pretty much the only application running. We remove power from the box. There is a short duration battery (maybe 3 minutes of power) which then waits 10 seconds and then decides things are coming down and notifies Windows that it needs to shut down. Windows sends a CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT event to the application which fields it and tries to keep Windows from going down for a while to let another computer which communicates with this one time to do some file work on the first computer. It does this by a timing loop and after the loop is over, it exits gracefully and the computer shuts down. Nice plan but it doesn't work. The application gets to maybe 20 seconds and the application is forcibly killed by Windows and Windows shuts down. At 90 seconds, the hardware firmware running the battery turns off power to the computer. I have tried searching to find out how to hold off Windows for a bit of time. I tried creating (it wasn't there) the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE subtree: \SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\WaitToKillAppTimeout registry key to 60000 but though it seemed to keep the popup from happening, Windows itself died at about the same amount of time -- we think without having the opportunity to shut itself down gracefully. Maybe the registry key worked but wasn't enough. Basically I have an "ill-mannered" application which is refusing to shut down (for the best of reasons) and without the registry key thing, Windows eventually shuts it down anyway and then shuts itself down. With the registry change, we think what is happening is that Windows doesn't shut down the application but Windows itself is killed suddenly without shutting down but power is still not pulled for about another minute, and then power is pulled. So maybe we have layers here. First there is how long the application tries to stay open. Then there is how long Windows is prepared to allow it to stay open. Then there is ... something... which kills windows. Then there is the power loss. Anyone have any ideas how we can get windows to stay open and in operation say to 70 seconds instead of about 20? Is our registry key right, but not enough? Is there some additional key we need to set to determine how long after windows is notified of a shutdown before it just kills itself? Thanks in advance.

  Read the article

• Expendable, Redundant, Easily recoverable

  - by MeIr

  I am desperate at this point, I have been looking for "Big storage" solution for a while on my own and I can't find anything that would suite my needs. But now push came to shove. Current situation: I have about 6TB data storage (already full) - Drobo. Yesterday Drobo died on me and it put me into bad situation - I can't recover my data without buying another Drobo. From extensive research online I realized that Drobo is not the safest bet and by now it seems very poor choice. I ordered new Drobo to try to get my data back, however I don't want to be in the same situation later and continuing using Drobo promises this event to re-occur. What I am looking for: 1) Inexpensive setup. 2) Dynamically extendable - add more drives and/or replace a drive with bigger capacity. 3) Redundant - setup against 1-3 drive failure, will depend on total number of drives. For the sake of argument let's assume for every 4 drives one should be able to fail without data loss. 4) Easy data recovery - let's say unforeseen happens, I would like to be able to recover information without buying new tools or replacements - example: new Drobo. 5) Should be USB or Network Attach Storage 6) No demand on speed. Doesn't have to be fast, I am not doing video editing on the setup. However if option exists, would be nice to have a decent speed. After thoughts: I reviewed few options and FreeNAS looks nice, but it doesn't have #2 - Dynamic extendability. There are work around with Pools but it seems a bit complicated and unnecessary. More over it seems like data safety is a big question - saw some horror stories. Please advise on what options I have and what seems like an optimal solution (if any). I don't care if it has to be Windows or Linux box or any other OS and/or software that has to run on top, but simple solution is more attractive. Thank you! P.S: Feel free to ignore "After thoughts".

  Read the article

• VPC SSH port forward into private subnet

  - by CP510

  Ok, so I've been racking my brain for DAYS on this dilema. I have a VPC setup with a public subnet, and a private subnet. The NAT is in place of course. I can connect from SSH into a instance in the public subnet, as well as the NAT. I can even ssh connect to the private instance from the public instance. I changed the SSHD configuration on the private instance to accept both port 22 and an arbitrary port number 1300. That works fine. But I need to set it up so that I can connect to the private instance directly using the 1300 port number, ie. ssh -i keyfile.pem [email protected] -p 1300 and 1.2.3.4 should route it to the internal server 10.10.10.10. Now I heard iptables is the job for this, so I went ahead and researched and played around with some routing with that. These are the rules I have setup on the public instance (not the NAT). I didn't want to use the NAT for this since AWS apperantly pre-configures the NAT instances when you set them up and I heard using iptables can mess that up. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [129:12186] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [84:10472] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 1300 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 10.10.10.10/32 -p tcp -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "SSH Dropped: " -A FORWARD -d 10.10.10.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Wed Apr 17 04:19:29 2013 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Wed Apr 17 04:19:29 2013 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:104] :INPUT ACCEPT [2:104] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [6:681] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7:745] -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.10.10:1300 -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT So when I try this from home. It just times out. No connection refused messages or anything. And I can't seem to find any log messages about dropped packets. My security groups and ACL settings allow communications on these ports in both directions in both subnets and on the NAT. I'm at a loss. What am I doing wrong?

  Read the article

• Mouse Error Code 24. Windows 7

  - by Cj.

  I've had the same mouse for a while, and it's been working fine until one day, it started giving me a message about a device not working properly. I tried updating the drivers, and re-installing, I even deleted old drivers in case my computer should be a little confused. It never made a difference, and my mouse seemed to be working just fine despite getting the permanent error in my device manager, I looked it up several times online, but I never found anything I could actually use, when I go to official websites, I always get the same response "plug in so so into a different place - drivers - install silverlight before you can watch this tutorial, try it on a different machine". so I gave up on that. But now is where I have a real problem, lately, my little strange error evolved into a fullblown Error 24, and my mouse is starting to turn on and off randomely, especially when it is being used, but I do hear it go "badum..dadum" when I'm off doing something else. when I looked up error code 24, I really didn't find much other than it meaning: Code 24 This device is not present, is not working properly, or does not have all its drivers installed. (Code 24) Cause The device is installed incorrectly. The problem could be a hardware failure, or a new driver might be needed. Devices stay in this state if they have been prepared for removal. After you remove the device, this error disappears. But, I have tried uninstalling the device entirely several times, and it'll go right back to its previous state with error 24, and turning on and off randomely. what do I do? I cannot afford taking it to a repair place, I can't really afford a new mouse either, I refuse to buy cheap ones as I am a gamer, in need of more than 3 buttons, and a good grip is important. Could there possibly be some confusion in the registry? I do remember having gotten some early problems after I converted my vista to windows7. But I hardly dare going in there unless I'm 100% certain of what I'm going for, and I can honestly say I am at a loss here. Edit: it is a USB mouse we're talking about here. MX™518 Optical Gaming Mouse (logitech) Edit2: I am seeing no rupture, so it must be on the inside of my mouse, or inside the rubber, protecting the cable, that would be really inconvenient to search for

  Read the article

• Display is slightly blurry on (native) 1920x1080 resolution

  - by Martin Tuskevicius

  I have a computer monitor that is approximately 23" in size. Its native resolution is 1920x1080, and Windows 7 will not allow it to be any higher. However, I cannot make the resolution a little lower as well. When I right-click on my desktop and select 'Screen resolution,' the vertical slider has only two options: 1920x1080 and 1280x720. There are no real problems that I am having besides the fact that the image is slightly blurry. I can easily make things out and see them, but I definitely feel that the image is not as clear as it could be. My graphics card is ATI Radeon HD 5450 and it has the latest graphics drivers installed. I've tried playing around with the AMD VISION Engine Control Center to see if I can change an option to make the image clearer, but I had no luck. I did find one odd thing, though. When I lowered the refresh rate from 60Hz to 50Hz, the image kind of "zoomed in" but it also became perfectly clear like I would expect it to look. The problem is that when I use 50Hz, the image zooms in a little on the center and I lose maybe an inch and a half of the screen (I do not see the bar at the top of applications, I do not see the Windows taskbar thing, etc). I figured if I could somehow zoom in so that the entire image fills the screen (not the slightly cropped version) then I would have the perfectly crisp image of 50Hz, and also the uncropped image of 60Hz. However, upon zooming in, the image began to look blurry again just like it did with 60Hz. So I am at a loss here. I do not know how to make the image look as clear as it should. I have the latest drivers (I updated them today) and I know that my monitor supports the resolution that I am trying to use. Has anybody experienced something like this before? I'd really appreciate any input - thanks! Update: I have figured out how to make the display look crisp! I set it to the 50Hz option, and then I changed the scaling through the monitor itself, rather than software. Now, however, I am finding that games look pretty bad because since it is clear, the lower quality really becomes apparent. I cannot run new games at 1080p, so I run them at the lowest resolution possible (1280x720, since it is the only other option offered, as I have mentioned). So I am wondering, is there a way to have Windows display more resolution options?

  Read the article

• My USB bootable thumb drive, no longer boots on a single particular computer on which it previously worked

  - by LiamMeron

  I created a bootable drive, booting CrunchBang, about 2 months ago. About a month ago, I booted into it on another laptop. After shutting down, I have been unable to get it to boot on my own laptop, despite having worked previously. I can still boot into it on my desktop, and can also boot into it on all other computers that I have tried. If I plug it in when I am running Ubuntu, the Home and / folders mount, the only error being that for some reason my PC likes to try and mount the swap partition too, which naturally, gives an error. The BIOS settings are all still setup to boot from USB. When I boot, all I get is a black screen with the white cursor, it will stay there for as long as I leave it. If it is worth anything, I have GRUB loader installed on the drive. The partitions look a little odd, but I am rather unfamiliar with how they are dealt with. The first partition, /, is sdb1 and has the bootable flag. The second partition is an extended system, and is sdb2. The third partition, according to GParted, seems to be nested under the second. This is the swap partition, and it is sdb5 The fourth partition is my home partition and is sdb6 and is also nested under the extended system. The first and fourth partitions are ext4. I don't know if that helps, but the more info, the better accuracy, generally. Thanks. EDIT: I tried reinstalling GRUB on the drive, but that didn't work. However, when I reinstalled GRUB on my laptop, I did it with my USB thumbdrive in. This caused the GRUB updater to find the /boot folder and add the proper details into my laptop's GRUB loader. I could log into CrunchBang from my laptop's GRUB but I was still unable to boot directly to the drive. It looked like my BIOS is unable to find the bootloader. I am unable to install GRUB to a partition I just created, a /boot partition at the start of the drive, GRUB just doesn't allow it. I think I'm going to have to reinstall #! on my drive, which won't be a great loss as I haven't put much time into it.

  Read the article

• execl doesn't work in a while(1) cicle, server side; C script

  - by Possa

  Hi guys, I have a problem with a little C script who should run as a server and launch a popup for every message arriving. The execl syntax is correct because if I try a little script with main() { execl(...); } it works. When I put it in a while(1) cicle it doesn't work. Everything else is working, like printf or string operation, but not the execl. Even if I fork it doesn't work. I really don't know what I can do ... can anyone help me? Thanks in advice for your help and sorry for my bad english. Here's the complete server C code. #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #define BUFLEN 512 #define PORT 9930 void diep(char *s) { perror(s); exit(1); } int main() { struct sockaddr_in si_me, si_other; int s, i, slen=sizeof(si_other), broadcastPermission; char buf[100], zeni[BUFLEN]; if ((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP))==-1) diep("socket"); broadcastPermission = 1; if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (void *) &broadcastPermission, sizeof(broadcastPermission)) < 0) diep("setsockopt() failed"); memset((char *) &si_me, 0, sizeof(si_me)); si_me.sin_family = AF_INET; si_me.sin_port = htons(PORT); si_me.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); if (bind(s, &si_me, sizeof(si_me))==-1) diep("bind"); while (1) { if (recvfrom(s, buf, BUFLEN, 0, &si_other, &slen)==-1) diep("recvfrom()"); //printf("Received packet from %s:%d\nData: %s\n", inet_ntoa(si_other.sin_addr), ntohs(si_other.sin_port), buf); strcpy(zeni, ""); strcat(zeni, "zenity --warning --title Hack!! --text "); strcat(zeni, buf); printf("cmd: %s\n", zeni); //system (zeni); execl("/usr/bin/zenity", "/usr/bin/zenity", "--warning", "--title", "Warn!", "--text", buf, (char *) NULL); } close(s); return 0; }

  Read the article

• GKSession sendDataToAllPeers getting invalid parameter

  - by cb4

  This is my first post and I wanted to start it by thanking the many stackoverflow contributors who will never know how much they helped me out these past several days as I worked to complete my first iOS app. I am indebted to them and to this site for giving them a place to post. To 'pay off' some of that debt, I hope this will help others as I have been helped... So, my app uses the GKPeerPickerController to make a connection to a 2nd device. Once connected, the devices can send text messages to each other. The receiving peer has the message displayed in a UIAlertView. Everything was working fine. Then I decided to experiment with locations and added code to get the current location. I convert it into latitude & longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds and put them into one NSString. I added a button to my storyboard called 'Send Location' which, when tapped, sends the location to the connected peer. This is where I ran into the problem. Both the send text and send location methods call the sendPacket method with a NSString. sendPacket converts the string to NSData and calls sendDataToAllPeers. When I learned how to capture the error, it was "Invalid parameter for - sendDataToAllPeers:withDataMode:error:". [.....pause.....] Well, this was going to be a question but in writing all this to explain the problem, the answer just dawned on me. Did a few tests and verified it now works. The issue was not in sendDataToAllPeers, it was in the conversion of the NSString (strToSend) to NSData: packet = [strToSend dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; Specifically, it was the degree sign character (little circle, ASCII 176). NSASCIIStringEncoding only includes ASCII characters up to 127 so don't use any above that. I'm sure there was a quicker way to find the problem, but I don't know Objective-C or Xcode's debugging facility well enough yet. Whew! Several hours to discover that little tidbit. I did learn a lot, though, and that's always a good thing!

  Read the article

• TrueCrypt partition will no longer mount

  - by sparkyuiop

  I am hoping for some advice to help me out of my situation, with luck. I have a computer running Windows 7 Ultimate x64 with 3 hard disks installed. On my 2TB hard disk 2 (non-system disk) I have 4 partitions. One is for music, another for video, a downloads partition and a 500GB RAW Truecrypt encrypted partition / volume that I had setup to mount with 4 photographs used as keyfiles. The 4 photographs are located in my 'Documents' partition which is one of four partitions on my 1.5TB hard disk 1 (non-system disk) When I setup the disk encryption I did not (I'm 99% sure) create a password, I only used the 4 photograph keyfiles to mount the volume. Recently my 1TB hard disk 0 (system / boot) started to fail so I decided to replace it. I was going to clone the old disk to a new disk but decided that a fresh installation would be more beneficial. Once I had transferred all the required 'User Data' from my old hard disk 0 (C: disk) I discarded it. I reinstalled Truecrypt, pointed to the partition, selected my 4 keyfiles photographs and I mounted my encrypted volume with no issues. In fact I mounted it several times after re-installing Windows and after reboots. Now all of a sudden when I try and mount it I get the message "incorrect keyfile(s) and/or password or not a Truecrypt volume". Now I am not sure why this happened as I do not recall exactly what I did between last mounting the volume successfully and it not mounting. Here are some of the possible things I may have done to cause it to stop working but I am at a loss as to where to start to try and resolve the problem. 1. I had swapped the drive letters to a preferred order. 2. I possibly swapped the physical SATA connectors on the mainboard. 3. I enabled 'Hot Plugging' for the two non-system hard disk SATA ports and the DVD SATA port in the BIOS. I have tried changing the encrypted partition drive letter as suggested in another post but this does not help. On my old system the encrypted drive was drive "X". I have about tried it with all the other free drive letters but alas nothing changes. I do not recall what drive letter was allocated to the encrypted partition before I changed them all. I have not tried to change the letter back to what it possibly was to start with as I am happy with the current layout. I will try this is anyone thinks it would be worthwhile though. I do hope I have managed to convey my situation in an understandable manner and live in hope someone could help me recover years of personal files. Thank you very much for taking the time to read my post and for any suggestions you may offer. Regards Phillip Thorne (UK) Anyone???

  Read the article

• Socket connection to a telnet-based server hangs on read

  - by mixwhit

  I'm trying to write a simple socket-based client in Python that will connect to a telnet server. I can test the server by telnetting to its port (5007), and entering text. It responds with a NAK (error) or an AK (success), sometimes accompanied by other text. Seems very simple. I wrote a client to connect and communicate with the server, but it hangs on the first attempt to read the response. The connection is successful. Queries like getsockname and getpeername are successful. The send command returns a value that equals the number of characters I'm sending, so it seems to be sending correctly. But in the end, it always hangs when I try to read the response. I've tried using both file-based objects like readline and write (via socket.makefile), as well as using send and recv. With the file object I tried making it with "rw" and reading and writing via that object, and later tried one object for "r" and another for "w" to separate them. None of these worked. I used a packet sniffer to watch what's going on. I'm not versed in all that I'm seeing, but during a telnet session I can see my typed text and the server's text coming back. During my Python socket connection, I can see my text going to the server, but packets back don't seem to have any text in them. Any ideas on what I'm doing wrong, or any strategies to try? Here's the code I'm using (in this case, it's with send and recv): #!/usr/bin/python host = "localhost" port = 5007 msg = "HELLO EMC 1 1" msg2 = "HELLO" import socket import sys try: skt = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) except socket.error, e: print("Error creating socket: %s" % e) sys.exit(1) try: skt.connect((host,port)) except socket.gaierror, e: print("Address-related error connecting to server: %s" % e) sys.exit(1) except socket.error, e: print("Error connecting to socket: %s" % e) sys.exit(1) try: print(skt.send(msg)) print("SEND: %s" % msg) except socket.error, e: print("Error sending data: %s" % e) sys.exit(1) while 1: try: buf = skt.recv(1024) print("RECV: %s" % buf) except socket.error, e: print("Error receiving data: %s" % e) sys.exit(1) if not len(buf): break sys.stdout.write(buf)

  Read the article

• Solaris 10 branded zone VM Templates for Solaris 11 on OTN

  - by jsavit

  Early this year I wrote the article Ours Goes To 11 which describes the ability to import Solaris 10 systems into a "Solaris 10 branded zone" under Oracle Solaris 11. I did this using Solaris 11 Express, and the capability remains in Solaris 11 with only slight changes. This important tool lets you painlessly inhaling a Solaris Container from Solaris 10 or entire Solaris 10 systems ("the global zone") into virtualized environments on a Solaris 11 OS. Just recently, Oracle provided Oracle VM Templates for Oracle Solaris 10 Zones to let you create Solaris 10 branded zones for Solaris 11 even if you don't currently have access to install media or a running Solaris 10 system. To use this, just download the Oracle VM Template for Oracle Solaris Zone 10 from OTN at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/virtual-machines-1355605.html. This page contains images of Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 (the recent update to Solaris 10) in SPARC and x86 formats suitable for creating branded zones. The same page also has a VirtualBox image you can download for a complete Solaris 10 install in a guest virtual machine you can run on any host OS that supports VirtualBox. Both sets of downloads provide a quick - and extremely easy - way to set up a virtual Solaris 10 environment. In the case of the Oracle VM Templates, they illustrate several advanced features of Solaris 11. To start, just go to the above link, download the template for the hardware platform (SPARC or x86) you want, and download the README file also linked from that page. Install prerequisites The README file tells you to install the prerequisite Solaris 11 package that implements the Solaris 10 brand. Then you can install instances of zones with that brand. # pkg install pkg:/system/zones/brand/brand-solaris10 Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: Yes DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 44/44 0.4/0.4 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 74/74 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 That took only a few minutes, and didn't require a reboot. Install the Solaris 10 zone Now it's time to run the downloaded template file. First make it executable via the chmod command, of course. I found that (unlike stated in the README) there was no need to rename the downloaded file to remove the .bin. When you run it you provide several parameters to describe the zone configuration: -a IP address - the IP address and optional netmask for the zone. This is the only mandatory parameter. -z zonename - the name of the zone you would like to create. -i interface - the package will create an exclusive-IP zone using a virtual NIC (vnic) based on this physical interface. In my case, I have a NIC called rge0. -p PATH - specifies the path in which you want the zoneroot to be placed. In my case, I have a ZFS dataset mounted at /zones, and this will create a zoneroot at /zones/s10u10. Kicking it off, you will see a copyright message, and then messages showing progress building the zone, which only takes a few minutes. # ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin -p /zones -a 192.168.1.100 -i rge0 -z s10u10 ... ... Checking disk-space for extraction Ok Extracting in /export/home/CDimages/s10zone/bootimage.ihaqvh ... 100% [===============================] Checking data integrity Ok Checking platform compatibility The host and the image do not have the same Solaris release: host Solaris release: 5.11 image Solaris release: 5.10 Will create a Solaris 10 branded zone. Warning: could not find a defaultrouter Zone won't have any defaultrouter configured IMAGE: ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin ZONE: s10u10 ZONEPATH: /zones/s10u10 INTERFACE: rge0 VNIC: vnicZBI13379 MAC ADDR: 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc IP ADDR: 192.168.1.100 NETMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFROUTER: NONE TIMEZONE: US/Arizona Checking disk-space for installation Ok Installing in /zones/s10u10 ... 100% [===============================] Using a static exclusive-IP Attaching s10u10 Booting s10u10 Waiting for boot to complete booting... booting... booting... Zone s10u10 booted The zone's root password has been set using the root password of the local host. You can change the zone's root password to further harden the security of the zone: being root, log into the zone from the local host with the command 'zlogin s10u10'. Once logged in, change the root password with the command 'passwd'. The nifty part in my opinion (besides being so easy), is that the zone was created as an exclusive-IP zone on a virtual NIC. This network configuration lets you enforce traffic isolation from other zones, enforce network Quality of Service, and even let the zone set its own characteristics like IP address and packet size. Independence of the zone's network characteristics from the global zone is one of the enhancements in Solaris 10 that make it easier to consolidate zones while preserving their autonomy, yet provide control in a consolidated environment. Let's see what the virtual network environment looks like by issuing commands from the Solaris 11 global zone. First I'll use Old School ifconfig, and then I'll use the new ipadm and dladm commands. # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 rge0: flags=1004943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 0:14:d1:18:ac:bc vboxnet0: flags=201000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3 inet 192.168.56.1 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.56.255 ether 8:0:27:f8:62:1c # dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED DUPLEX DEVICE yge0 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge0 yge1 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge1 rge0 Ethernet up 1000 full rge0 vboxnet0 Ethernet up 1000 full vboxnet0 # dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER yge0 phys 1500 unknown -- yge1 phys 1500 unknown -- rge0 phys 1500 up -- vboxnet0 phys 1500 up -- vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/net0 vnic 1500 up rge0 # dladm show-vnic LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VID vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/net0 rge0 1000 2:8:20:9d:d0:79 random 0 # ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 rge0/_a dhcp ok 192.168.1.3/24 vboxnet0/_a static ok 192.168.56.1/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 Log into the zone The install step already booted the zone, so lets log into it. Notice how you have to be appropriately privileged to log into a zone. This is my home system so I'm being a bit cavalier, but in a production environment you can give granular control of who can login to which zones. Voila! a Solaris 10 environment under a Solaris 11 kernel. Notice the output from the uname -a and ifconfig commands, and output from a ping to a nearby host. $ zlogin s10u10 zlogin: You lack sufficient privilege to run this command (all privs required) savit@home:~$ sudo zlogin s10u10 Password: [Connected to zone 's10u10' pts/5] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.10 Generic Patch January 2005 # uname -a SunOS s10u10 5.10 Generic_Virtual i86pc i386 i86pc # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc # bash bash-3.2# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc bash-3.2# ping 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 is alive For fun, I configured Apache (setting its configuration file in /etc/apache2) and brought it up. Easy - took just a few minutes. bash-3.2# svcs apache2 STATE STIME FMRI disabled 12:38:46 svc:/network/http:apache2 bash-3.2# svcadm enable apache2 Summary In just a few minutes, I built a functioning virtual Solaris 10 environment under by Solaris 11 system. It was... easy! While I can still do it the manual way (creating and using a system archive), this is a low-effort way to create a Solaris 10 zone on Solaris 11.

  Read the article

• BizTalk Server 2009 - Architecture Options

  - by StuartBrierley

  I recently needed to put forward a proposal for a BizTalk 2009 implementation and as a part of this needed to describe some of the basic architecture options available for consideration.  While I already had an idea of the type of environment that I would be looking to recommend, I felt that presenting a range of options while trying to explain some of the strengths and weaknesses of those options was a good place to start.  These outline architecture options should be equally valid for any version of BizTalk Server from 2004, through 2006 and R2, up to 2009.   The following diagram shows a crude representation of the common implementation options to consider when designing a BizTalk environment.         Each of these options provides differing levels of resilience in the case of failure or disaster, with the later options also providing more scope for performance tuning and scalability.   Some of the options presented above make use of clustering. Clustering may best be described as a technology that automatically allows one physical server to take over the tasks and responsibilities of another physical server that has failed. Given that all computer hardware and software will eventually fail, the goal of clustering is to ensure that mission-critical applications will have little or no downtime when such a failure occurs. Clustering can also be configured to provide load balancing, which should generally lead to performance gains and increased capacity and throughput.   (A) Single Servers   This option is the most basic BizTalk implementation that should be considered. It involves the deployment of a single BizTalk server in conjunction with a single SQL server. This configuration does not provide for any resilience in the case of the failure of either server. It is however the cheapest and easiest to implement option of those available.   Using a single BizTalk server does not provide for the level of performance tuning that is otherwise available when using more than one BizTalk server in a cluster.   The common edition of BizTalk used in single server implementations is the standard edition. It should be noted however that if future demand requires increased capacity for a solution, this BizTalk edition is limited to scaling up the implementation and not scaling out the number of servers in use. Any need to scale out the solution would require an upgrade to the enterprise edition of BizTalk.   (B) Single BizTalk Server with Clustered SQL Servers   This option uses a single BizTalk server with a cluster of SQL servers. By utilising clustered SQL servers we can ensure that there is some resilience to the implementation in respect of the databases that BizTalk relies on to operate. The clustering of two SQL servers is possible with the standard edition but to go beyond this would require the enterprise level edition. While this option offers improved resilience over option (A) it does still present a potential single point of failure at the BizTalk server.   Using a single BizTalk server does not provide for the level of performance tuning that is otherwise available when using more than one BizTalk server in a cluster.   The common edition of BizTalk used in single server implementations is the standard edition. It should be noted however that if future demand requires increased capacity for a solution, this BizTalk edition is limited to scaling up the implementation and not scaling out the number of servers in use. You are also unable to take advantage of multiple message boxes, which would allow us to balance the SQL load in the event of any bottlenecks in this area of the implementation. Any need to scale out the solution would require an upgrade to the enterprise edition of BizTalk.   (C) Clustered BizTalk Servers with Clustered SQL Servers   This option makes use of a cluster of BizTalk servers with a cluster of SQL servers to offer high availability and resilience in the case of failure of either of the server types involved. Clustering of BizTalk is only available with the enterprise edition of the product. Clustering of two SQL servers is possible with the standard edition but to go beyond this would require the enterprise level edition.    The use of a BizTalk cluster also provides for the ability to balance load across the servers and gives more scope for performance tuning any implemented solutions. It is also possible to add more BizTalk servers to an existing cluster, giving scope for scaling out the solution as future demand requires.   This might be seen as the middle cost option, providing a good level of protection in the case of failure, a decent level of future proofing, but at a higher cost than the single BizTalk server implementations.   (D) Clustered BizTalk Servers with Clustered SQL Servers – with disaster recovery/service continuity   This option is similar to that offered by (C) and makes use of a cluster of BizTalk servers with a cluster of SQL servers to offer high availability and resilience in case of failure of either of the server types involved. Clustering of BizTalk is only available with the enterprise edition of the product. Clustering of two SQL servers is possible with the standard edition but to go beyond this would require the enterprise level edition.    As with (C) the use of a BizTalk cluster also provides for the ability to balance load across the servers and gives more scope for performance tuning the implemented solution. It is also possible to add more BizTalk servers to an existing cluster, giving scope for scaling the solution out as future demand requires.   In this scenario however, we would be including some form of disaster recovery or service continuity. An example of this would be making use of multiple sites, with the BizTalk server cluster operating across sites to offer resilience in case of the loss of one or more sites. In this scenario there are options available for the SQL implementation depending on the network implementation; making use of either one cluster per site or a single SQL cluster across the network. A multi-site SQL implementation would require some form of data replication across the sites involved.   This is obviously an expensive and complex option, but does provide an extraordinary amount of protection in the case of failure.

  Read the article

• SSH new connection begins to hang (not reject or terminate) after a day or so on Ubuntu 13.04 server

  - by kross

  Recently we upgraded the server from 12.04 LTS server to 13.04. All was well, including after a reboot. With all packages updated we began to see a strange issue, ssh works for a day or so (unclear on timing) then a later request for SSH hangs (cannot ctrl+c, nothing). It is up and serving webserver traffic etc. Port 22 is open (ips etc altered slightly for posting): nmap -T4 -A x.acme.com Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-09-12 16:01 CDT Nmap scan report for x.acme.com (69.137.56.18) Host is up (0.026s latency). rDNS record for 69.137.56.18: c-69-137-56-18.hsd1.tn.provider.net Not shown: 998 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 6.1p1 Debian 4 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: 1024 54:d3:e3:38:44:f4:20:a4:e7:42:49:d0:a7:f1:3e:21 (DSA) | 2048 dc:21:77:3b:f4:4e:74:d0:87:33:14:40:04:68:33:a6 (RSA) |_256 45:69:10:79:5a:9f:0b:f0:66:15:39:87:b9:a1:37:f7 (ECDSA) 80/tcp open http Jetty 7.6.2.v20120308 | http-title: Log in as a Bamboo user - Atlassian Bamboo |_Requested resource was http://x.acme.com/userlogin!default.action;jsessionid=19v135zn8cl1tgso28fse4d50?os_destination=%2Fstart.action Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.89 seconds Here is the ssh -vvv: ssh -vvv x.acme.com OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8x 10 May 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to x.acme.com [69.137.56.18] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_rsa" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "x.acme.com" from file "/Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts:10 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 130/256 debug2: bits set: 503/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA dc:21:77:3b:f4:4e:74:d0:87:33:14:40:04:68:33:a6 debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "x.acme.com" from file "/Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts:10 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "69.137.56.18" from file "/Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts:6 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host 'x.acme.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/known_hosts:10 debug2: bits set: 493/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7ff189c1d7d0) debug2: key: /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_dsa (0x0) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/tfergeson/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp 3c:e5:29:6c:9d:27:d1:7d:e8:09:a2:e8:8e:6e:af:6f debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 3c:e5:29:6c:9d:27:d1:7d:e8:09:a2:e8:8e:6e:af:6f debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). Authenticated to x.acme.com ([69.137.56.18]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ATLAS_OPTS debug3: Ignored env rvm_bin_path debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM debug3: Ignored env GEM_HOME debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env CLICOLOR debug3: Ignored env IRBRC debug3: Ignored env TMPDIR debug3: Ignored env Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION debug3: Ignored env MY_RUBY_HOME debug3: Ignored env TERM_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env COMMAND_MODE debug3: Ignored env rvm_path debug3: Ignored env COM_GOOGLE_CHROME_FRAMEWORK_SERVICE_PROCESS/USERS/tfergeson/LIBRARY/APPLICATION_SUPPORT/GOOGLE/CHROME_SOCKET debug3: Ignored env JPDA_ADDRESS debug3: Ignored env APDK_HOME debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env Apple_Ubiquity_Message debug3: Ignored env __CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING debug3: Ignored env rvm_sticky_flag debug3: Ignored env MAVEN_OPTS debug3: Ignored env LSCOLORS debug3: Ignored env rvm_prefix debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env PWD debug3: Ignored env JAVA_HOME debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env JPDA_TRANSPORT debug3: Ignored env rvm_version debug3: Ignored env M2_HOME debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env rvm_ruby_string debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env M2_REPO debug3: Ignored env GEM_PATH debug3: Ignored env AWS_RDS_HOME debug3: Ignored env rvm_delete_flag debug3: Ignored env EC2_PRIVATE_KEY debug3: Ignored env RUBY_VERSION debug3: Ignored env SECURITYSESSIONID debug3: Ignored env EC2_CERT debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 I can hard reboot (only mac monitors at that location) and it will again be accessible. This now happens every single time. It is imperative that I get it sorted. The strange thing is that it behaves initially then starts to hang after several hours. I perused logs previously and nothing stood out. From the auth.log, I can see that it has allowed me in, but still I get nothing back on the client side: Sep 20 12:47:50 cbear sshd[25376]: Accepted publickey for tfergeson from 10.1.10.14 port 54631 ssh2 Sep 20 12:47:50 cbear sshd[25376]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tfergeson by (uid=0) UPDATES: Still occurring even after setting UseDNS no and commenting out #session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv This does not appear to be a network/dns related issue, as all services running on the machine are as responsive and accessible as ever, with the exception of sshd. Any thoughts on where to start?

  Read the article

• Leaks on Wikis: "Corporations...You're Next!" Oracle Desktop Virtualization Can Help.

  - by adam.hawley

  Between all the press coverage on the unauthorized release of 251,287 diplomatic documents and on previous extensive releases of classified documents on the events in Iraq and Afghanistan, one could be forgiven for thinking massive leaks are really an issue for governments, but it is not: It is an issue for corporations as well. In fact, corporations are apparently set to be the next big target for things like Wikileaks. Just the threat of such a release against one corporation recently caused the price of their stock to drop 3% after the leak organization claimed to have 5GB of information from inside the company, with the implication that it might be damaging or embarrassing information. At the moment of this blog anyway, we don't know yet if that is true or how they got the information but how did the diplomatic cable leak happen? For the diplomatic cables, according to press reports, a private in the military, with some appropriate level of security clearance (that is, he apparently had the correct level of security clearance to be accessing the information...he reportedly didn't "hack" his way through anything to get to the documents which might have raised some red flags...), is accused of accessing the material and copying it onto a writeable CD labeled "Lady Gaga" and walking out the door with it. Upload and... Done. In the same article, the accused is quoted as saying "Information should be free. It belongs in the public domain." Now think about all the confidential information in your company or non-profit... from credit card information, to phone records, to customer or donor lists, to corporate strategy documents, product cost information, etc, etc.... And then think about that last quote above from what was a very junior level person in the organization...still feeling comfortable with your ability to control all your information? So what can you do to guard against these types of breaches where there is no outsider (or even insider) intrusion to detect per se, but rather someone with malicious intent is physically walking out the door with data that they are otherwise allowed to access in their daily work? A major first step it to make it physically, logistically much harder to walk away with the information. If the user with malicious intent has no way to copy to removable or moble media (USB sticks, thumb drives, CDs, DVDs, memory cards, or even laptop disk drives) then, as a practical matter it is much more difficult to physically move the information outside the firewall. But how can you control access tightly and reliably and still keep your hundreds or even thousands of users productive in their daily job? Oracle Desktop Virtualization products can help.Oracle's comprehensive suite of desktop virtualization and access products allow your applications and, most importantly, the related data, to stay in the (highly secured) data center while still allowing secure access from just about anywhere your users need to be to be productive.  Users can securely access all the data they need to do their job, whether from work, from home, or on the road and in the field, but fully configurable policies set up centrally by privileged administrators allow you to control whether, for instance, they are allowed to print documents or use USB devices or other removable media.  Centrally set policies can also control not only whether they can download to removable devices, but also whether they can upload information (see StuxNet for why that is important...)In fact, by using Sun Ray Client desktop hardware, which does not contain any disk drives, or removable media drives, even theft of the desktop device itself would not make you vulnerable to data loss, unlike a laptop that can be stolen with hundreds of gigabytes of information on its disk drive.  And for extreme security situations, Sun Ray Clients even come standard with the ability to use fibre optic ethernet networking to each client to prevent the possibility of unauthorized monitoring of network traffic.But even without Sun Ray Client hardware, users can leverage Oracle's Secure Global Desktop software or the Oracle Virtual Desktop Client to securely access server-resident applications, desktop sessions, or full desktop virtual machines without persisting any application data on the desktop or laptop being used to access the information.  And, again, even in this context, the Oracle products allow you to control what gets uploaded, downloaded, or printed for example.Another benefit of Oracle's Desktop Virtualization and access products is the ability to rapidly and easily shut off user access centrally through administrative polices if, for example, an employee changes roles or leaves the company and should no longer have access to the information.Oracle's Desktop Virtualization suite of products can help reduce operating expense and increase user productivity, and those are good reasons alone to consider their use.  But the dynamics of today's world dictate that security is one of the top reasons for implementing a virtual desktop architecture in enterprises.For more information on these products, view the webpages on www.oracle.com and the Oracle Technology Network website.

  Read the article

• TS-7800 Hangs on bootup

  - by Reid

  I have a TS-7800, and it typically boots from the SD card inserted in it. When I tried to boot it up today, it hung on the syslog line. I am now having "Read only file system" problems. What has gone wrong? Bootup console: >> Copyright (c) 2008, Technologic Systems >> Booting from SD card... . . . . >> Booting to SD Card... INIT: version 2.86 booting Starting the hotplug events dispatcher: udevd. Synthesizing the initial hotplug events...done. Waiting for /dev to be fully populated...done. mount: can't find / in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab Cleaning up ifupdown...rm: cannot remove `/etc/network/run/ifstate': Read-only file system Loading kernel modules...done. Checking all file systems... fsck 1.37 (21-Mar-2005) ... done. none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /etc/init.d/rcS: line 39: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system Setting up networking...done. Setting up IP spoofing protection: rp_filter. Enabling packet forwarding...done. Configuring network interfaces...ifup: failed to open statefile /etc/network/run/ifstate: Read-only file system done. Starting portmap daemon: portmap. /etc/init.d/rcS: line 39: /tmp/.clean: Read-only file system /etc/init.d/rcS: line 24: /var/run/utmp: Read-only file system rm: cannot remove `/var/lib/urandom/random-seed': Read-only file system urandom start: failed. Recovering nvi editor sessions... done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 Starting system log daemon: syslogd . Starting kernel log daemon: klogd. Starting MTA: open: Read-only file system touch: cannot touch `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp': Read-only file system chown: cannot access `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp': No such file or directory chmod: cannot access `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp': No such file or directory chmod: changing permissions of `/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated': Read-only file system /usr/sbin/update-exim4.conf: line 260: cannot create temp file for here document: Read-only file system /usr/sbin/update-exim4.conf: line 387: /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp: Read-only file system 2002-01-01 01:31:36 Cannot open main log file "/var/log/exim4/mainlog": Read-only file system: euid=0 egid=0 2002-01-01 01:31:36 non-existent configuration file(s): /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp 2002-01-01 01:31:36 Cannot open main log file "/var/log/exim4/mainlog": Read-only file system: euid=0 egid=0 exim: could not open panic log - aborting: see message(s) above Invalid new configfile /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp not installing /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated.tmp to /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated Starting internet superserver: inetd. Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd. Starting NFS common utilities: statdStarting periodic command scheduler: cron/usr/sbin/cron: can't open or create /var/run/crond.pid: Read-only file system . Starting web server (apache2)...(30)Read-only file system: apache2: could not open error log file /var/log/apache2/error.log. Unable to open logs failed! Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 ts7800 ttyS0 ts7800 login:

  Read the article

• OpenSwan IPSec phase #2 complications

  - by XXL

  Phase #1 (IKE) succeeds without any problems (verified at the target host). Phase #2 (IPSec), however, is erroneous at some point (apparently due to misconfiguration on localhost). This should be an IPSec-only connection. I am using OpenSwan on Debian. The error log reads the following (the actual IP-addr. of the remote endpoint has been modified): pluto[30868]: "x" #2: initiating Quick Mode PSK+ENCRYPT+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1 msgid:5ece82ee proposal=AES(12)_256-SHA1(2)_160 pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH22} pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #1: the peer proposed: 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 - 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: responding to Quick Mode proposal {msgid:a4f5a81c} pluto[30868]: "x" #3: us: 192.168.1.76<192.168.1.76[+S=C] pluto[30868]: "x" #3: them: 222.222.222.222<222.222.222.222[+S=C]===10.196.0.0/17 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: transition from state STATE_QUICK_R0 to state STATE_QUICK_R1 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: STATE_QUICK_R1: sent QR1, inbound IPsec SA installed, expecting QI2 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #3: next payload type of ISAKMP Hash Payload has an unknown value: 97 X pluto[30868]: "x" #3: malformed payload in packet pluto[30868]: | payload malformed after IV I am behind NAT and this is all coming from wlan2. Here are the details: default via 192.168.1.254 dev wlan2 proto static 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan2 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan2 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.76 metric 2 Output of ipsec verify: Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly: Version check and ipsec on-path [OK] Linux Openswan U2.6.37/K3.2.0-24-generic (netkey) Checking for IPsec support in kernel [OK] SAref kernel support [N/A] NETKEY: Testing XFRM related proc values [OK] [OK] [OK] Checking that pluto is running [OK] Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500 [OK] Pluto listening for NAT-T on udp 4500 [OK] Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding [OK] Checking NAT and MASQUERADEing [OK] Checking for 'ip' command [OK] Checking /bin/sh is not /bin/dash [WARNING] Checking for 'iptables' command [OK] Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] This is what happens when I run ipsec auto --up x: 104 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 106 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Cisco-Unity] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] 003 "x" #1: ignoring unknown Vendor ID payload [502099ff84bd4373039074cf56649aad] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [XAUTH] 003 "x" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed 108 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 004 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=aes_128 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} 117 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 20s for response 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 40s for response 031 "x" #2: max number of retransmissions (2) reached STATE_QUICK_I1. No acceptable response to our first Quick Mode message: perhaps peer likes no proposal 000 "x" #2: starting keying attempt 2 of at most 3, but releasing whack I have enabled NAT traversal in ipsec.conf accordingly. Here are the settings relative to the connection in question: version 2.0 config setup plutoopts="--perpeerlog" plutoopts="--interface=wlan2" dumpdir=/var/run/pluto/ nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn x authby=secret pfs=yes auto=add phase2alg=aes256-sha1;dh22 keyingtries=3 ikelifetime=8h type=transport left=192.168.1.76 leftsubnet=192.168.1.0/24 leftprotoport=0/0 right=222.222.222.222 rightsubnet=10.196.0.0/17 rightprotoport=0/0 Here are the specs provided by the other end that must be met for Phase #2: encryption algorithm: AES (128 or 256 bit) hash algorithm: SHA local ident1 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.196.0.0/255.255.128.0/0/0) local ident2 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.241.0.0/255.255.0.0/0/0) remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (x.x.x.x/x.x.x.x/0/0) (internal network or localhost) Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/3600 seconds PFS: DH group2 So, finally, what might be the cause of the issue that I am experiencing? Thank you.

  Read the article

• bluetooth not working on Ubuntu 13.10

  - by iacopo

  I upgrated ubuntu from 13.4 to 13.10 and my bluetooth stopped working. When I open bluetooth I'm able to put it ON but the visibility doesn't show anything and didn't detect any device. when I: dmesg | grep Blue [ 2.046249] usb 3-1: Product: Bluetooth V2.0 Dongle [ 2.046252] usb 3-1: Manufacturer: Bluetooth v2.0 [ 15.255710] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 15.255748] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 15.255759] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 15.255765] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 15.255776] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 20.110379] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 20.110386] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 20.110400] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized [ 20.120635] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 20.120656] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 20.120660] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 when I digit: lsusb Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bc2:2300 Seagate RSS LLC Expansion Portable Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 006 Device 002: ID 0e6a:6001 Megawin Technology Co., Ltd GEMBIRD Flexible keyboard KB-109F-B-DE Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 005 Device 002: ID 13ee:0001 MosArt Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub when I: hciconfig -a hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB BD Address: 00:1B:10:00:2A:EC ACL MTU: 1017:8 SCO MTU: 64:0 DOWN RX bytes:457 acl:0 sco:0 events:16 errors:0 TX bytes:68 acl:0 sco:0 commands:16 errors:0 Features: 0xff 0xff 0x8d 0xfe 0x9b 0xf9 0x00 0x80 Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3 Link policy: Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT when I digit: rfkill list 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 1: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no when I digit: sudo gedit /etc/bluetooth/main.conf [General] # List of plugins that should not be loaded on bluetoothd startup #DisablePlugins = network,input # Default adaper name # %h - substituted for hostname # %d - substituted for adapter id Name = %h-%d # Default device class. Only the major and minor device class bits are # considered. Class = 0x000100 # How long to stay in discoverable mode before going back to non-discoverable # The value is in seconds. Default is 180, i.e. 3 minutes. # 0 = disable timer, i.e. stay discoverable forever DiscoverableTimeout = 0 # How long to stay in pairable mode before going back to non-discoverable # The value is in seconds. Default is 0. # 0 = disable timer, i.e. stay pairable forever PairableTimeout = 0 # Use some other page timeout than the controller default one # which is 16384 (10 seconds). PageTimeout = 8192 # Automatic connection for bonded devices driven by platform/user events. # If a platform plugin uses this mechanism, automatic connections will be # enabled during the interval defined below. Initially, this feature # intends to be used to establish connections to ATT channels. AutoConnectTimeout = 60 # What value should be assumed for the adapter Powered property when # SetProperty(Powered, ...) hasn't been called yet. Defaults to true InitiallyPowered = true # Remember the previously stored Powered state when initializing adapters RememberPowered = false # Use vendor id source (assigner), vendor, product and version information for # DID profile support. The values are separated by ":" and assigner, VID, PID # and version. # Possible vendor id source values: bluetooth, usb (defaults to usb) #DeviceID = bluetooth:1234:5678:abcd # Do reverse service discovery for previously unknown devices that connect to # us. This option is really only needed for qualification since the BITE tester # doesn't like us doing reverse SDP for some test cases (though there could in # theory be other useful purposes for this too). Defaults to true. ReverseServiceDiscovery = true # Enable name resolving after inquiry. Set it to 'false' if you don't need # remote devices name and want shorter discovery cycle. Defaults to 'true'. NameResolving = true # Enable runtime persistency of debug link keys. Default is false which # makes debug link keys valid only for the duration of the connection # that they were created for. DebugKeys = false # Enable the GATT functionality. Default is false EnableGatt = false when I digit: dmesg | grep Bluetooth [ 2.013041] usb 3-1: Product: Bluetooth V2.0 Dongle [ 2.013049] usb 3-1: Manufacturer: Bluetooth v2.0 [ 13.798293] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 13.798338] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 13.798352] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 13.798357] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 13.798368] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 20.184162] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 20.184173] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 20.184197] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized [ 20.238947] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 20.238983] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 20.239018] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 When I digit: uname -a Linux casa-desktop 3.11.0-13-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 07:38:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux When I digit: lsmod Module Size Used by parport_pc 32701 0 rfcomm 69070 4 bnep 19564 2 ppdev 17671 0 ip6t_REJECT 12910 1 xt_hl 12521 6 ip6t_rt 13507 3 nf_conntrack_ipv6 18938 9 nf_defrag_ipv6 34616 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 ipt_REJECT 12541 1 xt_LOG 17718 8 xt_limit 12711 11 xt_tcpudp 12884 32 xt_addrtype 12635 4 nf_conntrack_ipv4 15012 9 nf_defrag_ipv4 12729 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4 xt_conntrack 12760 18 ip6table_filter 12815 1 ip6_tables 27025 1 ip6table_filter nf_conntrack_netbios_ns 12665 0 nf_conntrack_broadcast 12589 1 nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_nat_ftp 12741 0 nf_nat 26653 1 nf_nat_ftp kvm_amd 59958 0 nf_conntrack_ftp 18608 1 nf_nat_ftp kvm 431315 1 kvm_amd nf_conntrack 91736 8 nf_nat_ftp,nf_conntrack_netbios_ns,nf_nat,xt_conntrack,nf_conntrack_broadcast,nf_conntrack_ftp,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ipv6 iptable_filter 12810 1 crct10dif_pclmul 14289 0 crc32_pclmul 13113 0 ip_tables 27239 1 iptable_filter snd_hda_codec_realtek 55704 1 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55624 0 aes_x86_64 17131 1 aesni_intel snd_hda_codec_hdmi 41117 1 x_tables 34059 13 ip6table_filter,xt_hl,ip_tables,xt_tcpudp,xt_limit,xt_conntrack,xt_LOG,iptable_filter,ip6t_rt,ipt_REJECT,ip6_tables,xt_addrtype,ip6t_REJECT lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel snd_hda_intel 48171 5 gf128mul 14951 1 lrw glue_helper 13990 1 aesni_intel ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel joydev 17377 0 cryptd 20329 3 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper snd_hda_codec 188738 3 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel arc4 12608 2 snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec rt2800pci 18690 0 snd_pcm 102033 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel radeon 1402449 3 rt2800lib 79963 1 rt2800pci btusb 28267 0 rt2x00pci 13287 1 rt2800pci rt2x00mmio 13603 1 rt2800pci snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel rt2x00lib 55238 4 rt2x00pci,rt2800lib,rt2800pci,rt2x00mmio snd_seq_midi 13324 0 mac80211 596969 3 rt2x00lib,rt2x00pci,rt2800lib snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi ttm 83995 1 radeon snd_rawmidi 30095 1 snd_seq_midi cfg80211 479757 2 mac80211,rt2x00lib drm_kms_helper 52651 1 radeon snd_seq 61560 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi bluetooth 371880 12 bnep,btusb,rfcomm microcode 23518 0 eeprom_93cx6 13344 1 rt2800pci snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi crc_ccitt 12707 1 rt2800lib snd_timer 29433 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 69141 21 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi psmouse 97626 0 drm 296739 5 ttm,drm_kms_helper,radeon k10temp 13126 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd serio_raw 13413 0 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 radeon i2c_piix4 22106 0 video 19318 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 42299 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc hid_generic 12548 0 usbhid 53014 0 hid 105818 2 hid_generic,usbhid pata_acpi 13038 0 usb_storage 62062 1 r8169 67341 0 sdhci_pci 18985 0 sdhci 42630 1 sdhci_pci mii 13934 1 r8169 pata_atiixp 13242 0 ohci_pci 13561 0 ahci 25819 2 libahci 31898 1 ahci Someone can help me?

  Read the article

• Handling Trailing Delimiters in HL7 Messages

  - by Thomas Canter

  Applies to: BizTalk Server 2006 with the HL7 1.3 Accelerator Outline of the problem Trailing Delimiters are empty values at the end of an object in a HL7 ER7 formatted message. Examples: Empty Field NTE|P| NTE|P|| Empty component ORC|1|725^ Empty Subcomponent ORC|1|||||27& Empty repeat OBR|1||||||||027~ Trailing delimiters indicate the following object exists and is empty, which is quite different from null, null is an explicit value indicated by a pair of double quotes -> "". The BizTalk HL7 Accelerator by default does not allow trailing delimiters. There are three methods to allow trailing delimiters. NOTE: All Schemas always allow trailing delimiters in the MSH Segment Using party identifiers MSH3.1 – Receive/inbound processing, using this value as a party allows you to configure the system to allow inbound trailing delimiters. MSH5.1 – Send/outbound processing, using this value as a party allows you to configure the system to allow outbound trailing delimiters. Generally, if you allow inbound trailing delimiters, unless you are willing to programmatically remove all trailing delimiters, then you need to configure the send to allow trailing delimiters. Add the appropriate parties to the BizTalk Parties list from these two fields in your message stream. Open the BizTalk HL7 Configuration tool and for each party check the "Allow trailing delimiters (separators)" check box on the Validation tab. Disadvantage – Each MSH3.1 and MSH5.1 value must be represented in the parties list and configured. Advantage – granular control over system behavior for each inbound/outbound system. Using instance properties of a pipeline used in a send port or receive location. Open the BizTalk Server Administration console locate the send port or receive location that contains the BTAHL72XReceivePipeline or BTAHL72XSendPipeline pipeline. Open the properties To the right of the pipeline selected locate the […] ellipses button In the property list, locate the "TrailingDelimiterAllowed" property and set it to True. Advantage – All messages through a particular Send Port or Receive Location will allow trailing delimiters. Disadvantage – Must configure each Send Port or Receive Location. No granular control over which remote parties will send or receive messages with trailing delimiters. Using a custom pipeline that uses a pre-configured BTA HL7 Pipeline component. Use Visual Studio to construct a custom receive and send pipeline using the appropriate assembler or dissasembler. Set the component property to "TrailingDelimitersAllowed" to True Compile and deploy the custom pipeline Use the custom pipeline instead of the standard pipeline for all HL7 message processing Advantage – All messages using the custom pipeline will automatically allow trailing delimiters. Disadvantage – Requires custom coding and development to create and deploy the custom pipeline. No granular control over which remote parties will send or receive messages with trailing delimiters. What does a Trailing Delimiter do to the XML Schema? Allowing trailing delimiters does not have the impact often expected in the actual XML Schema.The Schema reproduces the message with no data loss.Thus, the message when represented in XML must contain the extra fields, in order to reproduce the outbound message.Thus, a trialing delimiter results in an empty XML field.Trailing Delmiters are not stripped from the inbound message. Example:<PID_21>44172</PID_21><PID_21>9257</PID_21> -> the original maximum number of repeats<PID_21></PID_21> -> The empty repeated field Allowing trailing delimiters not remove the trailing delimiters from the message, it simply suppresses the check that will cause the message to fail parse with trailing delimiters. When can you not fix the problem by enabling trailing delimiters Each object in a message must have a location in the target BTAHL7 schema for its content to reside.If you have more objects in the message than are contained at that location, then enabling trailing delimiters will not resolve the problem. The schema must be extended to accommodate the empty message content.Examples: Extra Field NTE|P||||Only 4 fields in NTE Segment, the 4th field exists, but is empty. Extra component PID|1|1523|47^^^^^^^Only 5 components in a CX data type, the 5th component exists, but is empty Extra subcomponent ORC|1|||||27&&Only 2 subcomponents in a CQ data type, the 3rd subcomponent is empty, but exists. Extra Repeat PID|1||||||||||||||||||||4419~5217~Only 2 repeats allowed for the field "Mother's identifier", the repeat is empty, but exists. In each of these cases, you must locate the failing object and extend the type to allow an additional object of that type. FieldAdd a field of ST to the end of the segment with a suitable name in the segments_nnn.xsd Component Create a new Custom CX data type (i.e. CX_XtraComp) in the datatypes_nnn.xsd and add a new component to the custom CX data type. Update the field in the segments_nnn.xsd file to use the custom data type instead of the standard datatype. Subcomponent Create a new Custom CQ data type that accepts an additional TS value at the end of the data type. Create a custom TQ data type that uses the new custom CQ data type as the first subcomponent. Modify the ORC segment to use the new CQ data type at ORC.7 instead of the standard CQ data type. RepeatModify the Field definition for PID.21 in the segments_nnn.xsd to allow more repeats in the field.

  Read the article

• Tunnel is up but cannot ping directly connected network

  - by drmanalo

  We configured a site-to-site VPN and here is the topology. I control the network on the left but not the one on the right. All devices in our network has public IPs. Server---ASA5505---Cisco887======Internet=====ASA5510---devices I can see the tunnel is up and can do extended ping using a loopback interface. From the 10.175 and 10.165 networks, they can also ping my loopback address. I can also dial in using a Cisco VPN client, and can connect to the devices on the right. #show crypto session Crypto session current status Interface: Vlan3 Profile: xxx-profile Session status: UP-ACTIVE Peer: 213.121.x.x port 500 IKEv1 SA: local 77.245.x.x/500 remote 213.121.x.x/500 Active IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 10.0.20.0/255.255.255.240 10.175.0.0/255.255.128.0 Active SAs: 0, origin: crypto map IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 10.0.20.0/255.255.255.240 10.165.0.0/255.255.192.0 Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map #ping 10.165.29.39 source loopback 2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.165.29.39, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 10.0.20.1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/17/20 ms My problem is the devices on the right cannot reach my server. They could only ping the loopback address and nothing else. I'm pasting some diagnostics related to routing thinking perhaps routing is my issue. I can paste all the running-config on my side of network if needed. #show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol ATM0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Ethernet0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down FastEthernet0 unassigned YES unset up up connected to ASA FastEthernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet3 unassigned YES unset up up Loopback1 10.0.20.65 YES NVRAM up up Loopback2 10.0.20.1 YES NVRAM up up Virtual-Template1 77.245.x.x YES unset up down Virtual-Template2 77.245.x.x YES unset up down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset down down Vlan3 77.245.x.x YES NVRAM up up connected to the Internet #show run | section ip route ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 77.245.x.x ip route 213.121.240.36 255.255.255.255 Vlan3 #show access-list Extended IP access list 102 10 permit ip 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.15 10.175.0.0 0.0.127.255 (3332 matches) 20 permit ip 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.15 10.165.0.0 0.0.63.255 (3498 matches) #show vlan-switch VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active 3 VLAN0003 active Fa0, Fa1, Fa2, Fa3 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup #show ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is 77.245.x.x to network 0.0.0.0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 77.245.x.x 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks C 10.0.20.0/28 is directly connected, Loopback2 L 10.0.20.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 10.0.20.64/28 is directly connected, Loopback1 L 10.0.20.65/32 is directly connected, Loopback1 S 10.165.0.0/18 [1/0] via 213.121.x.x 77.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 3 masks S 77.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 77.245.x.x C 77.245.x.x/29 is directly connected, Vlan3 L 77.245.x.x/32 is directly connected, Vlan3 213.121.x.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets S 213.121.x.x is directly connected, Vlan3 I read some of the posts here which lead to NATing issue but I'not sure of my next step. Should I translate my public address to private and route it to the loopback address? (only guessing) CISCO VPN site to site Site-to-Site VPN between two ASA 5505s only working in one direction Hope someone could help. Thanks in advance!

  Read the article

• HTG Explains: Why is Printer Ink So Expensive?

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Printer ink is expensive, more expensive per drop than fine champagne or even human blood. If you haven’t gone paperless, you’ll notice that you’re paying a lot for new ink cartridges — more than seems reasonable. Purchasing the cheapest inkjet printer and buying official ink cartridge replacements is the most expensive thing you can do. There are ways to save money on ink if you must continue to print documents. Cheap Printers, Expensive Ink Ink jet printers are often very cheap. That’s because they’re sold at cost, or even at a loss — the manufacturer either makes no profit from the printer itself or loses money. The manufacturer will make most of its money from the printer cartridges you buy later. Even if the company does make a bit of money from each printer sold, it makes a much larger profit margin on ink. Rather than selling you a printer that may be rather expensive, they want to sell you a cheap printer and make money on an ongoing basis by providing expensive printer ink. It’s been compared to the razor model — sell a razor cheaply and mark up the razor blades. Rather than making a one-time profit on the razor, you’ll make continuing profit as the customer keeps buying razor blade replacements — or ink, in this case. Many printer manufacturers go out of their way to make it difficult for you to use unofficial ink cartridges, building microchips into their official ink cartridges. If you use an unofficial cartridge or refill an official cartridge, the printer may refuse to use it. Lexmark once argued in court that unofficial microchips that enable third-party ink cartridges would violate their copyright and Lexmark has argued that creating an unofficial microchip to bypass this restriction on third-party ink would violate Lexmark’s copyright and be illegal under the US DMCA. Luckily, they lost this argument. What Printer Companies Say Printer companies have put forth their own arguments in the past, attempting to justify the high cost of official ink cartridges and microchips that block any competition. In a Computer World story from 2010, HP argued that they spend a billion dollars each year on “ink research and development.” They point out that printer ink “must be formulated to withstand heating to 300 degrees, vaporization, and being squirted at 30 miles per hour, at a rate of 36,000 drops per second, through a nozzle one third the size of a human hair. After all that it must dry almost instantly on the paper.” They also argue that printers have become more efficient and use less ink to print, while third-party cartridges are less reliable. Companies that use microchips in their ink cartridges argue that only the microchip has the ability to enforce an expiration date, preventing consumers from using old ink cartridges. There’s something to all these arguments, sure — but they don’t seem to justify the sky-high cost of printer ink or the restriction on using third-party or refilled cartridges. Saving Money on Printing Ultimately, the price of something is what people are willing to pay and printer companies have found that most consumers are willing to pay this much for ink cartridge replacements. Try not to fall for it: Don’t buy the cheapest inkjet printer. Consider your needs when buying a printer and do some research. You’ll save more money in the long run. Consider these basic tips to save money on printing: Buy Refilled Cartridges: Refilled cartridges from third parties are generally much cheaper. Printer companies warn us away from these, but they often work very well. Refill Your Own Cartridges: You can get do-it-yourself kits for refilling your own printer ink cartridges, but this can be messy. Your printer may refuse to accept a refilled cartridge if the cartridge contains a microchip. Switch to a Laser Printer: Laser printers use toner, not ink cartridges. If you print a lot of black and white documents, a laser printer can be cheaper. Buy XL Cartridges: If you are buying official printer ink cartridges, spend more money each time. The cheapest ink cartridges won’t contain much ink at all, while larger “XL” ink cartridges will contain much more ink for only a bit more money. It’s often cheaper to buy in bulk. Avoid Printers With Tri-Color Ink Cartridges: If you’re printing color documents, you’ll want to get a printer that uses separate ink cartridges for all its colors. For example, let’s say your printer has a “Color” cartridge that contains blue, green, and red ink. If you print a lot of blue documents and use up all your blue ink, the Color cartridge will refuse to function — now all you can do is throw away your cartridge and buy a new one, even if the green and red ink chambers are full. If you had a printer with separate color cartridges, you’d just have to replace the blue cartridge. If you’ll be buying official ink cartridges, be sure to compare the cost of cartridges when buying a printer. The cheapest printer may be more expensive in the long run. Of course, you’ll save the most money if you stop printing entirely and go paperless, keeping digital copies of your documents instead of paper ones. Image Credit: Cliva Darra on Flickr     

  Read the article

• Useful Command-line Commands on Windows

  - by Sung Meister

  The aim for this Wiki is to promote using a command to open up commonly used applications without having to go through many mouse clicks - thus saving time on monitoring and troubleshooting Windows machines. Answer entries need to specify Application name Commands Screenshot (Optional) Shortcut to commands && - Command Chaining %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\rcimlby.exe -LaunchRA - Remote Assistance (Windows XP) appwiz.cpl - Programs and Features (Formerly Known as "Add or Remove Programs") appwiz.cpl @,2 - Turn Windows Features On and Off (Add/Remove Windows Components pane) arp - Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP) at - Schedule tasks either locally or remotely without using Scheduled Tasks bootsect.exe - Updates the master boot code for hard disk partitions to switch between BOOTMGR and NTLDR cacls - Change Access Control List (ACL) permissions on a directory, its subcontents, or files calc - Calculator chkdsk - Check/Fix the disk surface for physical errors or bad sectors cipher - Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions cleanmgr.exe - Disk Cleanup clip - Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows clipboard cls - clear the command line screen cmd /k - Run command with command extensions enabled color - Sets the default console foreground and background colors in console command.com - Default Operating System Shell compmgmt.msc - Computer Management control.exe /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter - Network and Sharing Center control keyboard - Keyboard Properties control mouse(or main.cpl) - Mouse Properties control sysdm.cpl,@0,3 - Advanced Tab of the System Properties dialog control userpasswords2 - Opens the classic User Accounts dialog desk.cpl - opens the display properties devmgmt.msc - Device Manager diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management diskpart - Disk management from the command line dsa.msc - Opens active directory users and computers dsquery - Finds any objects in the directory according to criteria dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Tool eventvwr - Windows Event Log (Event Viewer) explorer . - Open explorer with the current folder selected. explorer /e, . - Open explorer, with folder tree, with current folder selected. F7 - View command history find - Searches for a text string in a file or files findstr - Find a string in a file firewall.cpl - Opens the Windows Firewall settings fsmgmt.msc - Shared Folders fsutil - Perform tasks related to FAT and NTFS file systems ftp - Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service getmac - Shows the mac address(es) of your network adapter(s) gpedit.msc - Group Policy Editor gpresult - Displays the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) information for a target user and computer httpcfg.exe - HTTP Configuration Utility iisreset - To restart IIS InetMgr.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 7 InetMgr6.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 6 intl.cpl - Regional and Language Options ipconfig - Internet protocol configuration lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups Administrator msconfig - System Configuration notepad - Notepad? ;) mmsys.cpl - Sound/Recording/Playback properties mode - Configure system devices more - Displays one screen of output at a time mrt - Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool mstsc.exe - Remote Desktop Connection nbstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT ncpa.cpl - Network Connections netsh - Display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running netstat - Network Statistics net statistics - Check computer up time net stop - Stops a running service. net use - Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections odbcad32.exe - ODBC Data Source Administrator pathping - A traceroute that collects detailed packet loss stats perfmon - Opens Reliability and Performance Monitor ping - Determine whether a remote computer is accessible over the network powercfg.cpl - Power management control panel applet quser - Display information about user sessions on a terminal server qwinsta - See disconnected remote desktop sessions reg.exe - Console Registry Tool for Windows regedit - Registry Editor rasdial - Connects to a VPN or a dialup network robocopy - Backup/Restore/Copy large amounts of files reliably rsop.msc - Resultant Set of Policy (shows the combined effect of all group policies active on the current system/login) runas - Run specific tools and programs with different permissions than the user's current logon provides sc - Manage anything you want to do with services. schtasks - Enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. secpol.msc - Local Security Settings services.msc - Services control panel set - Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables. set DIRCMD - Preset dir parameter in cmd.exe start - Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command start. - opens the current directory in the Windows Explorer. shutdown.exe - Shutdown or Reboot a local/remote machine subst.exe - Associates a path with a drive letter, including local drives systeminfo -Displays a comprehensive information about the system taskkill - terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name tasklist.exe - List Processes on local or a remote machine taskmgr.exe - Task Manager telephon.cpl - Telephone and Modem properties timedate.cpl - Date and Time title - Change the title of the CMD window you have open tracert - Trace route wmic - Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line winver.exe - Find Windows Version wscui.cpl - Windows Security Center wuauclt.exe - Windows Update AutoUpdate Client

  Read the article

• Setting up RADIUS + LDAP for WPA2 on Ubuntu

  - by Morten Siebuhr

  I'm setting up a wireless network for ~150 users. In short, I'm looking for a guide to set RADIUS server to authenticate WPA2 against a LDAP. On Ubuntu. I got a working LDAP, but as it is not in production use, it can very easily be adapted to whatever changes this project may require. I've been looking at FreeRADIUS, but any RADIUS server will do. We got a separate physical network just for WiFi, so not too many worries about security on that front. Our AP's are HP's low end enterprise stuff - they seem to support whatever you can think of. All Ubuntu Server, baby! And the bad news: I now somebody less knowledgeable than me will eventually take over administration, so the setup has to be as "trivial" as possible. So far, our setup is based only on software from the Ubuntu repositories, with exception of our LDAP administration web application and a few small special scripts. So no "fetch package X, untar, ./configure"-things if avoidable. UPDATE 2009-08-18: While I found several useful resources, there is one serious obstacle: Ignoring EAP-Type/tls because we do not have OpenSSL support. Ignoring EAP-Type/ttls because we do not have OpenSSL support. Ignoring EAP-Type/peap because we do not have OpenSSL support. Basically the Ubuntu version of FreeRADIUS does not support SSL (bug 183840), which makes all the secure EAP-types useless. Bummer. But some useful documentation for anybody interested: http://vuksan.com/linux/dot1x/802-1x-LDAP.html http://tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/8021X-HOWTO/#confradius UPDATE 2009-08-19: I ended up compiling my own FreeRADIUS package yesterday evening - there's a really good recipe at http://www.linuxinsight.com/building-debian-freeradius-package-with-eap-tls-ttls-peap-support.html (See the comments to the post for updated instructions). I got a certificate from http://CACert.org (you should probably get a "real" cert if possible) Then I followed the instructions at http://vuksan.com/linux/dot1x/802-1x-LDAP.html. This links to http://tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/8021X-HOWTO/, which is a very worthwhile read if you want to know how WiFi security works. UPDATE 2009-08-27: After following the above guide, I've managed to get FreeRADIUS to talk to LDAP: I've created a test user in LDAP, with the password mr2Yx36M - this gives an LDAP entry roughly of: uid: testuser sambaLMPassword: CF3D6F8A92967E0FE72C57EF50F76A05 sambaNTPassword: DA44187ECA97B7C14A22F29F52BEBD90 userPassword: {SSHA}Z0SwaKO5tuGxgxtceRDjiDGFy6bRL6ja When using radtest, I can connect fine: > radtest testuser "mr2Yx36N" sbhr.dk 0 radius-private-password Sending Access-Request of id 215 to 130.225.235.6 port 1812 User-Name = "msiebuhr" User-Password = "mr2Yx36N" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.1.1 NAS-Port = 0 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 130.225.235.6 port 1812, id=215, length=20 > But when I try through the AP, it doesn't fly - while it does confirm that it figures out the NT and LM passwords: ... rlm_ldap: sambaNTPassword -> NT-Password == 0x4441343431383745434139374237433134413232463239463532424542443930 rlm_ldap: sambaLMPassword -> LM-Password == 0x4346334436463841393239363745304645373243353745463530463736413035 [ldap] looking for reply items in directory... WARNING: No "known good" password was found in LDAP. Are you sure that the user is configured correctly? [ldap] user testuser authorized to use remote access rlm_ldap: ldap_release_conn: Release Id: 0 ++[ldap] returns ok ++[expiration] returns noop ++[logintime] returns noop [pap] Normalizing NT-Password from hex encoding [pap] Normalizing LM-Password from hex encoding ... It is clear that the NT and LM passwords differ from the above, yet the message [ldap] user testuser authorized to use remote access - and the user is later rejected...

  Read the article

< Previous Page | 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124  | Next Page >