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• Extract substructure from a text file using bash or python

  - by Werner

  Hi, I have a huge text file, which follows the structure: SET TAG1 ... ... SET ... SET TAG2 ... ... SET ... ... I would like to extract for a specific TAG, (i.e. TAG54) its individual "substructure", which would be SET TAG54 ... ... SET Each substructure, for a given TAG_i contains always: first line:SET second line:TAG_i (in this case TAG54) an arbitrary number of lines last line:SET I wonder what would be the best way to do this, whether in bash or python, so for a given TAG, one can "extract" this substructure. Thanks

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• Performance effect of using print statements in Python script

  - by Sudar

  I have a Python script that process a huge text file (with around 4 millon lines) and writes the data into two separate files. I have added a print statement, which outputs a string for every line for debugging. I want to know how bad it could be from the performance perspective? If it is going to very bad, I can remove the debugging line. Edit It turns out that having a print statement for every line in a file with 4 million lines is increasing the time way too much.

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• getting smallest of coordinates that differ by N or more in Python

  - by user248237

  suppose I have a list of coordinates: data = [[(10, 20), (100, 120), (0, 5), (50, 60)], [(13, 20), (300, 400), (100, 120), (51, 62)]] and I want to take all tuples that either appear in each list in data, or any tuple that differs from all tuples in lists other than its own by 3 or less. How can I do this efficiently in Python? For the above example, the results should be: [[(100, 120), # since it occurs in both lists (10, 20), (13, 20), # since they differ by only 3 (50, 60), (51, 60)]] (0, 5) and (300, 400) would not be included, since they don't appear in both lists and are not different from elements in lists other than their own by 3 or less. how can this be computed? thanks.

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• Using try vs if in python

  - by artdanil

  Is there a rationale to decide which one of try or if constructs to use, when testing variable to have a value? For example, there is a function that returns either a list or doesn't return a value. I want to check result before processing it. Which of the following would be more preferable and why? result = function(); if (result): for r in result: #process items or result = function(); try: for r in result: #process items except TypeError: pass; Related discussion: Checking for member existence in Python

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• Error handling with Python + Pylons

  - by ensnare

  What is the proper way to handle errors with Python + Pylons? Say a user sets a password via a form that, when passed to a model class via the controller, throws an error because it's too short. How should that error be handled so that an error message gets displayed on the web page rather than the entire script terminating to an error page? Should there be any error handling in the controller itself? I hope I am explaining myself clearly. Thank you.

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• SGML Parser in Python

  - by afg102

  I am completely new to Python. I have the following code: class ExtractTitle(sgmllib.SGMLParser): def __init__(self, verbose=0): sgmllib.SGMLParser.__init__(self, verbose) self.title = self.data = None def handle_data(self, data): if self.data is not None: self.data.append(data) def start_title(self, attrs): self.data = [] def end_title(self): self.title = string.join(self.data, "") raise FoundTitle # abort parsing! which extracts the title element from SGML, however it only works for a single title. I know I have to overload the unknown_starttag and unknown_endtag in order to get all titles but I keep getting it wrong. Help me please!!!

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• python compare time

  - by Jesse Siu

  i want to using python create filter for a log file. get recent 7 days record. but when i didn't know how to compare time. like current time is 11/9/2012, i want to get records from 04/9/2012 to now the log file like Sat Sep 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12461] CONNECT: Client "66.249.68.236" Sat Sep 2 03:32:13 2012 [pid 12460] [ftp] OK LOGIN: Client "66.249.68.236", anon password "[email protected]" Sat Sep 2 03:32:14 2012 [pid 12462] [ftp] OK DOWNLOAD: Client "66.249.68.236", "/pub/10.5524/100001_101000/100022/readme.txt", 451 i using this one def OnlyRecent(line): print time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") print time.time() if time.strptime(line.split("[")[0].strip(),"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") < time.time(): return True return False But it shows (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 13, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 13, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 (2012, 9, 2, 3, 32, 14, 5, 246, -1) 1347332968.08 the time format is different, and it can't compare time. So how to set this comparison in 7 days. Thanks

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• Python: How to use code.InteractiveConsole?

  - by Rosarch

  I'm trying to use InteractiveConsole to create a new front-end for a Python interpreter. These code fragments are from me playing around with InteractiveConsole in IDLE: >>> ses = code.InteractiveConsole() >>> ses.runsource("def foo():") True >>> ses.runsource(" return 2") File "<input>", line 1 SyntaxError: 'return' outside function (<input>, line 1) False Why does it raise a syntax error? How else can I finish writing the function? Also, for something like this: >>> ses.runsource("x = 1") False >>> ses.runsource("x") 1 False How can I capture the 1 value from above? False is the return value, but 1 is written to some stream.

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• How to empty a socket in python?

  - by luc

  I need to empty the data on a socket (making sure that there is nothing to receive). Unfortunately, there is no function for this in the python socket module. I've implemented something this way: def empty_socket(sock): """remove the data present on the socket""" input = [sock] while 1: inputready, o, e = select.select(input,[],[], 0.0) if len(inputready)==0: break for s in inputready: s.recv(1) What do you think? Is there a better way to do that? Update: I don't want to change the socket timeout. What's why i prefer a select to a read. Update: The original question was using the 'flush' term. It seems that 'empty' is a better term. Update - 2010-02-27 : I've noticed a bug after when the pair has closed. The inputready is always filled with the sockets. I fixed that by adding a maximum number of loops. Is there a better fix?

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• Send files between python+django and C#

  - by SuitUp

  Hi, i would like to know, what is the best way to send files between python and C# and vice versa. I have my own protocol which work on socket level, and i can send string and numbers in both ways. Loops works too. With this i can send pretty much anything, like package of users id, if it is simple data. But soon i will start sending whole files, maybe xml or executables. Simple server with files is no an option because i want sending files from client too. I was thinking about serialization but i don't know it is the best solution, but if it is i will love some tips from stackoverflow community. EDIT: I added django to question and chose using http.

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• Python: UTF-8 problems (again...)

  - by blahblah

  I have a database which is synchronized against an external web source twice a day. This web source contains a bunch of entries, which have names and some extra information about these names. Some of these names are silly and I want to rename them when inserting them into my own database. To rename these silly names, I have a standard dictionary as such: RENAME_TABLE = { "Wsird" : "Weird", ... } As you can see, this is where UTF-8 comes into play. This is the function which performs renaming of all the problematic entries: def rename_all_entries(): all_keys = RENAME_TABLE.keys() entries = Entry.objects.filter(name__in=all_keys) for entry in entries: entry.name = RENAME_TABLE[entry.name] entry.save() So it tries to find the old name in RENAME_TABLE and renames the entry if found. However, I get a KeyError exception when using RENAME_TABLE[entry.name]. Now I'm lost, what do I do? I have... # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ...in the top of the Python file.

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• checking the return code using python (MAC)

  - by cyberbemon

  I have written a script that checks if an SVN Repo is up and running, the result is based on the return value. import subprocess url = " validurl" def check_svn_status(): subprocess.call(['svn info'+url],shell=True) def get_status(): subprocess.call('echo $?',shell=True) def main(): check_svn_status() get_status() if __name__ == '__main__': main() The problem I'm facing is that if I change the url to something that does't exist I still get the return value as 0, but if I were to run this outside the script, i.e go to the terminal type svn info wrong url and then do a echo $? I get a return value of 1. But I can't re-create this in the python. Any guidelines ?

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• "Passing Go" in a (python) date range

  - by anonymous coward

  The Rules: An employee accrues 8 hours of Paid Time Off on the day after each quarter. Quarters, specifically being: Jan 1 - Mar 31 Apr 1 - Jun 30 Jul 1 - Sep 30 Oct 1 - Dec 31 The Problem Employees will use an automated system to request paid time off, possibly occurring in the past, as well as the future. Requests should only be accepted if the employee has (or will have) that time available. For instance, if an employee only has 1 Day of Paid Time Off currently available (currently being January 20th), but is requesting 2 Days of Paid Time Off, beginning September 20th, the system should take into account that the employee would have accrued enough time off by then and allow the request. (Obviously ignoring that the employee may use up existing time before that date). I'm currently using Python, and wondering what the correct approach to something like this would be. I'm assuming that using DateTime objects, and possibly the dateutil module, would help here, but my brain isn't wrapping around this problem for some reason.

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• TCP Scanner Python MultiThreaded

  - by user1473508

  I'm trying to build a small tcp scanner for a netmask. The code is as follow: import socket,sys,re,struct from socket import * host = sys.argv[1] def RunScanner(host): s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((host,80)) s.settimeout(0.1) String = "GET / HTTP/1.0" s.send(String) data = s.recv(1024) if data: print "host: %s have port 80 open"%(host) Slash = re.search("/", str(host)) if Slash : netR,_,Wholemask = host.partition('/') Wholemask = int(Wholemask) netR = struct.unpack("!L",inet_aton(netR))[0] for host in (inet_ntoa(struct.pack("!L", netR+n)) for n in range(0, 1<<32-Wholemask)): try: print "Doing host",host RunScanner(host) except: pass else: RunScanner(host) To launch : python script.py 10.50.23.0/24 The problem I'm having is that even with a ridiculous low settimeout value set, it takes ages to cover the 255 ip addresses since most of them are not assigned to a machine. How can i make a way faster scanner that wont get stuck if the port is close.MultiThreading ? Thanks !

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• Python - multi-line array

  - by Ockonal

  Hi guys, in c++ I can wrote: int someArray[8][8]; for (int i=0; i < 7; i++) for (int j=0; j < 7; j++) someArray[i][j] = 0; And how can I initialize multi-line arrays in python? I tried: array = [[],[]] for i in xrange(8): for j in xrange(8): array[i][j] = 0

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• Python: What does _("str") do?

  - by Rosarch

  I see this in the Django source code: description = _("Comma-separated integers") description = _("Date (without time)") What does it do? I try it in Python 3.1.3 and it fails: >>> foo = _("bar") Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module> foo = _("bar") NameError: name '_' is not defined No luck in 2.4.4 either: >>> foo = _("bar") Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in -toplevel- foo = _("bar") NameError: name '_' is not defined What's going on here?

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• python: creating a list inside a dictionary

  - by user1871081

  I just started using python and I'm trying to create a program that will read a file that looks like this: AAA x 111 AAB x 111 AAA x 112 AAC x 123 ... the file is 50 lines long and I'm trying to make the letters into keys in a dictionary and the numbers lists that correspond with the keys. I want the output to look like this: {AAA: ['111', '112'], AAB: ['111'], AAC: [123], ...} This is what I've tried file = open("filename.txt", "r") readline = file.readline().rstrip() while readline!= "": list = [] list = readline.split(" ") j = list.index("x") k = list[0:j] v = list[p + 1:] d = {} if k in d == False d[k] = [] d[k].append(v) else d[k].append(v) readline = file.readline().rstrip() I keep getting syntax errors on my if statement and I can't figure out what I've done wrong.

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• parse unformatted string into dictionary with python

  - by user553131

  I have following string. DATE: 12242010Key Type: Nod32 Anti-Vir (30d trial) Key: a5B2s-sH12B-hgtY3-io87N-srg98-KLMNO I need to create dictionary so it would be like { "DATE": "12242010", "Key Type": "Nod32 Anti-Vir (30d trial)", "Key": "a5B2s-sH12B-hgtY3-io87N-srg98-KLMNO" } The problem is that string is unformatted DATE: 12242010Key Type: Nod32 Anti-Vir (30d trial) there is no space after Date before Key Type also it would be nice to have some validation for Key, eg if there are 5 chars in each box of key and number of boxes I am a beginner in python and moreover in regular expressions. Thanks a lot.

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• Python and object/class attrs - what's going on?

  - by digitala

  Can someone explain why Python does the following? >>> class Foo(object): ... bar = [] ... >>> a = Foo() >>> b = Foo() >>> a.bar.append(1) >>> b.bar [1] >>> a.bar = 1 >>> a.bar 1 >>> b.bar [1] >>> a.bar = [] >>> a.bar [] >>> b.bar [1] >>> del a.bar >>> a.bar [1] It's rather confusing!

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• fastest way to perform string search in general and in python

  - by Rkz

  My task is to search for a string or a pattern in a list of documents that are very short (say 200 characters long). However, say there are 1 million documents of such time. What is the most efficient way to perform this search?. I was thinking of tokenizing each document and putting the words in hashtable with words as key and document number as value, there by creating a bag of words. Then perform the word search and retrieve the list of documents that contained this word. From what I can see is this operation will take O(n) operations. Is there any other way? may be without using hash-tables?. Also, is there a python library or third party package that can perform efficient searches?

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• Python - How can I make this code asynchronous?

  - by dave

  Here's some code that illustrates my problem: def blocking1(): while True: yield 'first blocking function example' def blocking2(): while True: yield 'second blocking function example' for i in blocking1(): print 'this will be shown' for i in blocking2(): print 'this will not be shown' I have two functions which contain while True loops. These will yield data which I will then log somewhere (most likely, to an sqlite database). I've been playing around with threading and have gotten it working. However, I don't really like it... What I would like to do is make my blocking functions asynchronous. Something like: def blocking1(callback): while True: callback('first blocking function example') def blocking2(callback): while True: callback('second blocking function example') def log(data): print data blocking1(log) blocking2(log) How can I achieve this in Python? I've seen the standard library comes with asyncore and the big name in this game is Twisted but both of these seem to be used for socket IO. How can I async my non-socket related, blocking functions?

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• Rename Files in Python

  - by Jeff

  Hi all, Im trying to rename some files in a directory using python. I've looked around the forums here, and because i'm a noob, I cant adapt what I need from what is out there. Say I have a file called CHEESE_CHEESE_TYPE.*** and want to remove "Cheese_" so my resulting filename would be "CHEESE_TYPE" Im trying to use the os.path.split but it's not working properly. I have also considered using string manipulations, but have not been successful with that either. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• How python logging get it's configuration

  - by Andrew_1510

  I used to Python logging, it works fine. The logging.basicConfig(...) set in one module (a some.py file), then we can use logging every where. Obviously, logging is global. The question is how logging find it's settings, when we not call the module where basicConfig(...) appeared (in some.py file )? Is logging scan all the packages? Even the logging.basicConfig(...) put into an any.py and the module (any.py) never get imported, or not used anywhere, the logging setting take effect!

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• Putting a variable inside a string (python)

  - by Gish

  Hi I am quite new to python and this is probably quite a basic question but the help would be much appreciated. I would like to put an int within a string. This is what I am doing at the moment.. end = smooth(data,window_len=40) plot.plot(time[0:len(end)],end) plot.savefig('hanning(40).pdf') #problem line I have to run the program for several different numbers instead of the two 40's. So I'd like to do a loop but inserting the variable like this doesn't work: plot.savefig('hanning',num,'.pdf') Thanks!

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• Python finding index in a array

  - by NIH

  I am trying to see if a company from a list of companies is in a line in a file. If it is I utilize the index of that company to increment a variable in another array. The following is my python code. I keep getting the following error: AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'index'. I cannot figure out what is going wrong and think the error is the line that is surrounded by **. companies={'white house black market', 'macy','nordstrom','filene','walmart'} positives=[0 for x in xrange(len(companies))] negatives=[0 for x in xrange(len(companies))] for line in f: for company in companies: if company in line.lower(): words=tokenize.word_tokenize(line) bag=bag_of_words(words) classif=classifier.classify(bag) if classif=='pos': **indice =companies.index(company)** positives[indice]+=1 elif classif=='neg': **indice =companies.index(company)** negatives[indice]+=1

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