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• Splitting an HTTP request into multiple byte-range requests

  - by redpola

  I have arrived at the unusual situation of having two completely independent Internet connections to my home. This has the advantage of redundancy etc but the drawback that both connections max out at about 6Mb/s. So one individual outbound http request is directed by my "intelligent gateway" (TP-LINK ER6120) out over one or the other connection for its lifetime. This works fine over complex web pages and utilises both external connects fine. However, single-http-request downloads are limited to the maximum rate of one of the two connections. So I'm thinking, surely I can setup some kind of proxy server to direct all my http requests to. For each incoming http request, the proxy server will issue multiple byte-range requests for the desired data and manage the reassembly and delivery of that data to the client's request. I can see this has some overhead, and also some edge cases where there will be blocking problems waiting for data. I also imagine webmasters of single-servers would rather I didn't hit them with 8 byte-range requests instead of one request. How can I achieve this http request deconstruct/reconstruction? Or am I just barking mad?

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• MySQL Master/Slave with Castle Activerecord

  - by Kynth

  I have an existing web application using Castle Activerecord to interact with a single MySQL database. The Database has recently been reconfigured to replicate to a number of Slaves. How do you configure Castle Activerecord to direct writes to the MySQL Master and reads to the MySQL Slaves?

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• MongoDB ReplicaSet Elections when some nodes are down

  - by SecondThought

  I'm trying to get into ReplicaSet concept, and found something weird in mongoDB Documentation: For a node to be elected primary, it must receive a majority of votes. This is a majority of all votes in the set: if you have a 5-member set and 4 members are down, a majority of the set is still 3 members (floor(5/2)+1). Each member of the set receives a single vote and knows the total number of available votes. If no node can reach a majority, then no primary can be elected and no data can be written to that replica set (although reads to secondaries are still possible). (taken from here) So, If I got that right, in the 5-member case mentioned there the one node that's still standing WILL NOT be chosen as primary and the whole set will not get any writes? and that's even if this single node was the last primary before the elections? If it's true there can be many less-radical cases which will end up with a degenerated set. How can we avoid this?

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• There is no two finger scroll option in my "Mouse and Touchpad" settings

  - by Ian

  I simply do not have the option for "two-finger scrolling" available in my "Mouse and Touchpad" settings. I have tried a lot of terminal commands that I have found in the forums with no success. Who has a solution that will enable two-finger scrolling? A little about me: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS \n \l Built-in Pointing Device Type: Mouse Interface: PS/2 Buttons: 2 ~$ xinput list ? Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? PS/2 Synaptics TouchPad id=15 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)] ? WebCam SC-13HDL10931N id=10 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=14 [slave keyboard (3)] Screenshot of system settings:

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• Gigabyte u24f Touchpad (elantech) not detected

  - by user314973

  A new Ubuntu user here. I just installed Ubuntu 14.04 on my gigabyte U24F laptop. At first the touch-pad (I believe it's elantech) was working fine but one day I turned it off using fn+f10 key from the keyboard. The next day I could no longer turn it back on and it has since been undetected by the system. xinput returns Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Logitech USB Optical Mouse id=11 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Sleep Button id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=9 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=10 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=12 [slave keyboard (3)] so there's no touch-pad detected. I'm using a USB mouse at the moment. Attempting to run synclient gives "Couldn't find synaptics properties. No synaptics driver loaded?" Things I've tried so far to no avail Reinstalling xserver-xorg-input-synaptics. Checking dconf.editor settings, touchpad is enabled. Booting into a live usb session, touchpad no longer even works in this case. (Does this mean a fresh install wouldn't even solve the problem?) Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• MySQL simple replication problem: 'show master status' produces 'Empty set'?

  - by simon

  I've been setting up MySQL master replication (on Debian 6.0.1) following these instructions faithfully: http://www.neocodesoftware.com/replication/ I've got as far as: mysql > show master status; but this is unfortunately producing the following, rather than any useful output: Empty set (0.00 sec) The error log at /var/log/mysql.err is just an empty file, so that's not giving me any clues. Any ideas? This is what I have put in /etc/mysql/my.cnf on one server (amended appropriately for the other server): server-id = 1 replicate-same-server-id = 0 auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 1 master-host = 10.0.0.3 master-user = <myusername> master-password = <mypass> master-connect-retry = 60 replicate-do-db = fruit log-bin = /var/log/mysql-replication.log binlog-do-db = fruit And I have set up users and can connect from MySQL on Server A to the database on Server B using the username/password/ipaddress above.

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• ALPS touchpad on DELL Inspiron I15RN-3647BK with Ubuntu 11.10 x64

  - by Miguel

  I can't make work the multitouch of the ALPS touchpad in my Dell Inspiron I15RN-3647BK with Ubuntu 11.10 x64, kernel 3.0.0-17-generic... I have tried with this driver but it doesn't work http://people.canonical.com/~sforshee/alps-touchpad/psmouse-alps-0.10/psmouse-alps-dkms_0.10_all.deb. This is the result from the following command: user@laptop:~$ xinput list ? Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? PS/2 Generic Mouse id=12 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Laptop_Integrated_Webcam_HD id=10 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=11 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Dell WMI hotkeys That came with or without the alps driver from canonical repository and the touchpad just works like a PS2 generic mouse... Any ideas? Thanks in advance...

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• bit manipulation in java

  - by sarav

  I have a fragment of bytes in a byte[]. The total size of the array is 4 and I want to convert this into a positive long number. For example if the byte array is having four bytes 101, 110, 10, 1 then i want to get the long number represented by binary sequence 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000101 00000110 00000010 00000001 which equals 84279809 What is the efficient way to do that in Java?

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• Byte array serialization in JSON.NET

  - by Daniel Earwicker

  Given this simple class: class HasBytes { public byte[] Bytes { get; set; } } I can round-trip it through JSON using JSON.NET such that the byte array is base-64 encoded: var bytes = new HasBytes { Bytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 } }; // turn it into a JSON string var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(bytes); // get back a new instance of HasBytes var result1 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<HasBytes>(json); // all is well Debug.Assert(bytes.Bytes.SequenceEqual(result1.Bytes)); But if I deserialize this-a-wise: var result2 = (HasBytes)new JsonSerializer().Deserialize( new JTokenReader( JToken.ReadFrom(new JsonTextReader( new StringReader(json)))), typeof(HasBytes)); ... it throws an exception, "Expected bytes but got string". What other options/flags/whatever would need to be added to the "complicated" version to make it properly decode the base-64 string to initialize the byte array? Obviously I'd prefer to use the simple version but I'm trying to work with a CouchDB wrapper library called Divan, which sadly uses the complicated version, with the responsibilities for tokenizing/deserializing widely separated, and I want to make the simplest possible patch to how it currently works.

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• Problem converting a byte array into datatable.

  - by kranthi

  Hi, In my aspx page I have a HTML inputfile type which allows user to browse for a spreadsheet.Once the user choses the file to upload I want to read the content of the spreadsheet and store the content into mysql database table. I am using the following code to read the content of the uploaded file and convert it into a datatable in order into insert it into database table. if (filMyFile.PostedFile != null) { // Get a reference to PostedFile object HttpPostedFile myFile = filMyFile.PostedFile; // Get size of uploaded file int nFileLen = myFile.ContentLength; // make sure the size of the file is > 0 if (nFileLen > 0) { // Allocate a buffer for reading of the file byte[] myData = new byte[nFileLen]; // Read uploaded file from the Stream myFile.InputStream.Read(myData, 0, nFileLen); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); MemoryStream st = new MemoryStream(myData); st.Position = 0; System.Runtime.Serialization.IFormatter formatter = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter(); dt=(DataTable)formatter.Deserialize(st); } } But I am getting the following error when I am trying to deserialise the byte array into datatable. Binary stream '0' does not contain a valid BinaryHeader. Possible causes are invalid stream or object version change between serialization and deserialization. Could someone please tell me what am I doing wrong? I've also tried converting the bytearray into string ,then converting the string back to byte array and convert into datatable.That is also throwing the same error. Thanks.

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• Sending a byte array from PHP to WCF problem

  - by shin

  Hi I have this problem: I have to send a byte array (encoded photo) from my PHP client to the WCF host. when I do a var_dump() on my array in PHP I get an array[2839] which is ok but on the server side when i debug I see that received array is only byte[5]...any idea how I can fix it? I used code like this $file = file_get_contents($_FILES['Filedata']['tmp_name']); $byteArr = str_split($file); foreach ($byteArr as $key=>$val) { $byteArr[$key] = ord($val); } $client = new SoapClient('http://localhost:8000/MgrService?wsdl', array( 'location' => 'http://localhost:8000/MgrService/SOAP11', 'trace' => true, 'soap_version' => SOAP_1_1 )); $par1->profileId = 13; $par1->photo = $byteArr; $client->TestByte($par1); And as I wrote erlier on the wcf host i get only byte[5] :/ maybe it needs some decoding to right soap serialize? should I use Base64 decoding or sommthing?? General I just want to upload posted file to c# function with byte[] as parameter :/ Help

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• C# Byte[] to Url Friendly String

  - by LorenVS

  Hello, I'm working on a quick captcha generator for a simple site I'm putting together, and I'm hoping to pass an encrypted key in the url of the page. I could probably do this as a query string parameter easy enough, but I'm hoping not too (just because nothing else runs off the query string)... My encryption code produces a byte[], which is then transformed using Convert.ToBase64String(byte[]) into a string. This string, however, is still not quite url friendly, as it can contain things like '/' and '='. Does anyone know of a better function in the .NET framework to convert a byte array to a url friendly string? I know all about System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode() and its equivalents, however, they only work properly with query string parameters. If I url encode an '=' inside of the path, my web server brings back a 400 Bad Request error. Anyways, not a critical issue, but hoping someone can give me a nice solution **EDIT: Just to be absolutely sure exactly what I'm doing with the string, I figured I would supply a little more information. The byte[] that results from my encryption algorithm should be fed through some sort of algorithm to make it into a url friendly string. After this, it becomes the content of an XElement, which is then used as the source document for an XSLT transformation, and is used as a part of the href attribute for an anchor. I don't believe the xslt transformation is causing the issues, since what is coming through on the path appears to be an encoded query string parameter, but causes the HTTP 400 I've also tried HttpUtility.UrlPathEncode() on a base64 string, but that doesn't seem to do the trick either (I still end up with '/'s in my url)**

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• Reading a C/C++ data structure in C# from a byte array

  - by Chris Miller

  What would be the best way to fill a C# struct from a byte[] array where the data was from a C/C++ struct? The C struct would look something like this (my C is very rusty): typedef OldStuff { CHAR Name[8]; UInt32 User; CHAR Location[8]; UInt32 TimeStamp; UInt32 Sequence; CHAR Tracking[16]; CHAR Filler[12];} And would fill something like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 56, Pack = 1)]public struct NewStuff{ [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)] [FieldOffset(0)] public string Name; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(8)] public uint User; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)] [FieldOffset(12)] public string Location; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(20)] public uint TimeStamp; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(24)] public uint Sequence; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 16)] [FieldOffset(28)] public string Tracking;} What is best way to copy OldStuff to NewStuff, if OldStuff was passed as byte[] array? I'm currently doing something like the following, but it feels kind of clunky. GCHandle handle;NewStuff MyStuff;int BufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NewStuff));byte[] buff = new byte[BufferSize];Array.Copy(SomeByteArray, 0, buff, 0, BufferSize);handle = GCHandle.Alloc(buff, GCHandleType.Pinned);MyStuff = (NewStuff)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(NewStuff));handle.Free(); Is there better way to accomplish this?

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• How to convert a byte array of 19200 bytes in size where each byte represents 4 pixels (2 bits per p

  - by Klinger

  I am communicating with an instrument (remote controlling it) and one of the things I need to do is to draw the instrument screen. In order to get the screen I issue a command and the instrument replies with an array of bytes that represents the screen. Below is what the instrument manual has to say about converting the response to the actual screen: The command retrieves the framebuffer data used for the display. It is 19200 bytes in size, 2-bits per pixel, 4 pixels per byte arranged as 320x240 characteres. The data is sent in RLE encoded form. To convert this data into a BMP for use in Windows, it needs to be turned into a 4BPP. Also note that BMP files are upside down relative to this data, i.e. the top display line is the last line in the BMP. I managed to unpack the data, but now I am stuck on how to actually go from the unpacked byte array to a bitmap. My background on this is pretty close to zero and my searches have not revealed much either. I am looking for directions and/or articles I could use to help me undestand how to get this done. Any code or even pseudo code would also help. :-) So, just to summarize it all: How to convert a byte array of 19200 bytes in size, where each byte represents 4 pixels (2 bits per pixel), to a bitmap arranged as 320x240 characters. Thanks in advance.

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• Using LINQ, need help splitting a byte array on data received from Silverlight sockets

  - by gcadmes

  The message packats received contains multiple messages deliniated by a header=0xFD and a footer=0xFE // sample message packet with three // different size messages List<byte> receiveBuffer = new List<byte>(); receiveBuffer.AddRange(new byte[] { 0xFD, 1, 2, 0xFE, 0xFD, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0xFE, 0xFD, 33, 65, 25, 44, 0xFE}); // note: this sample code is without synchronization, // statements, error handling...etc. while (receiveBuffer.Count > 0) { var bytesInRange = receiveBuffer.TakeWhile(n => n != 0xFE); foreach (var n in bytesInRange) Console.WriteLine(n); // process message.. // 1) remove bytes read from receive buffer // 2) construct message object... // 3) etc... receiveBuffer.RemoveRange(0, bytesInRange.Count()); } As you can see, (including header/footer) the first message in this message packet contains 4 bytes, and the 2nd message contains 10 bytes,a and the 3rd message contains 6 bytes. In the while loop, I was expecting the TakeWhile to add the bytes that did not equal the footer part of the message. Note: Since I am removing the bytes after reading them, the header can always be expected to be at position '0'. I searched examples for splitting byte arrays, but non demonstrated splitting on arrays of unknown and fluctuating sizes. Any help will be greatly appreciated. thanks much!

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• c# How to get string from byte?

  - by Kade

  I have a form-console application which does a TCP socket connections for send and receive. I need help getting the following response to STRING. The following code does write the RESPONSE to the console, but i also want to byte[] b = new byte[100]; int k = s.Receive(b); Console.WriteLine("Recieved..."); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(b[i])); ASCIIEncoding asen = new ASCIIEncoding(); s.Send(asen.GetBytes("RECEIVED :")); i want to get something like String GETSTRING; byte[] b = new byte[100]; int k = s.Receive(b); Console.WriteLine("Recieved..."); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(b[i])); GETSTRING = *WHATEVER RESPONSE RECEIVED ABOVE* ASCIIEncoding asen = new ASCIIEncoding(); s.Send(asen.GetBytes("RECEIVED :"));

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• Change first byte of file in Linux?

  - by jnylen

  How can I change the first byte of multiple files in Linux? Willing to use perl/awk/sed/whatever. Must work correctly on binary files (i.e. not change any other bytes).

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• batch script to retrieve zero byte files

  - by help

  Hi How to retrieve zero byte files and copy into a folder using batch script. can someone help me out.

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• How to fix "Byte-Order Mark found in UTF-8 File" validation warning

  - by rsturim

  I've got an xhtml page validating under xhtml strict doctype -- but, I getting this warning which I trying to understand -- and correct. Just, how do I locate this errant "Byte-Order Mark". I'm editing my file using Visual Studio--not sure if that helps. Warning Byte-Order Mark found in UTF-8 File. The Unicode Byte-Order Mark (BOM) in UTF-8 encoded files is known to cause problems for some text editors and older browsers. You may want to consider avoiding its use until it is better supported.

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• Display Image from Byte Array in WPF - Memory Issues

  - by ChrisFletcher

  Hi, I've developed an application to capture and save images to a database, but I'm having an issue with memory usage. On my domain object I have 3 properties: Image - Byte array, contents are a jpg RealImageThumb - The byte array converted to a BitmapImage and shrunk, displayed to the user in a gridview with other thumbnails RealImage - Has no setter, the byte array converted to a bitmap source, this is shown in a tooltip when the user hovers over it. The issue I have is that if a user hovers over each image in turn the memory usage spirals. I realise that as a user hovers over bitmap sources are generated and the memory isn't freed up, I've tried giving RealImage a backing property and assigning this to null after but again the memory isn't freed up (waiting for the garbage colelctor?.

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• Converting C# void* to byte[]

  - by Yurik

  In C#, I need to write T[] to a stream, ideally without any additional buffers. I have a dynamic code that converts T[] (where T is a no-objects struct) to a void* and fixes it in memory, and that works great. When the stream was a file, I could use native Windows API to pass the void * directly, but now I need to write to a generic Stream object that takes byte[]. Can anyone suggest a hack way to create a dummy array object which does not actually have any heap allocations, but rather points to an already existing (and fixed) heap location. This is the pseudo-code that I need: void Write(Stream stream, T[] buffer) { fixed( void* ptr = &buffer ) // done with dynamic code generation { int typeSize = sizeof(T); // done as well byte[] dummy = (byte[]) ptr; // <-- how do I create this fake array? stream.Write( dummy, 0, buffer.Length*typeSize ); } }

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• Variable-byte encoding clarification

  - by Myx

  Hello: I am very new to the world of byte encoding so please excuse me (and by all means, correct me) if I am using/expressing simple concepts in the wrong way. I am trying to understand variable-byte encoding. I have read the Wikipedia article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-width_encoding) as well as a book chapter from an Information Retrieval textbook. I think I understand how to encode a decimal integer. For example, if I wanted to provide variable-byte encoding for the integer 60, I would have the following result: 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 (please let me know if the above is incorrect). If I understand the scheme, then I'm not completely sure how the information is compressed. Is it because usually we would use 32 bits to represent an integer, so that representing 60 would result in 1 1 1 1 0 0 preceded by 26 zeros, thus wasting that space as opposed to representing it with just 8 bits instead? Thank you in advance for the clarifications.

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• 2-byte (UCS-2) wide strings under GCC

  - by Seva Alekseyev

  Hi all, when porting my Visual C++ project to GCC, I found out that the wchar_t datatype is 4-byte UTF-32 by default. I could override that with a compiler option, but then the whole wcs* (wcslen, wcscmp, etc.) part of RTL is rendered unusable, since it assumes 4-byte wide strings. For now, I've reimplemented 5-6 of these functions from scratch and #defined my implementations in. But is there a more elegant option - say, a build of GCC RTL with 2-byte wchar-t quietly sitting somewhere, waiting to be linked? The specific flavors of GCC I'm after are Xcode on Mac OS X, Cygwin, and the one that comes with Debian Linux Etch.

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• Convert Byte [] to PDF

  - by Sri Kumar

  Hello All, With help of this question C# 4.0: Convert pdf to byte[] and vice versa i was able to convert byte[] to PDF. But the problem here is not all the contents were written in PDF. Byte array length is 25990 approx. Only 21 to 26 KB size PDF file was created. When i try to open the PDF it says file is corrupted. What could be the reason? I tried the BinaryWriter but it creates PDF of 0 KB.

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• Array.Copy: strange exception while concatenating two byte arrays

  - by robob

  In a application of mine that is developed in C# I have the following code: byte[] resb = new byte[Buffer.ByteLength(blockAr) + Buffer.ByteLength(previous)]; Array.Copy(blockAr, 0, resb,0, blockAr.Length); Array.Copy(previous, 0, resb, blockAr.Length, previous.Length); It's a very simple code to concatenate two byte arrays. The problem is that in some particular situation that I don't know I have that exception: ArgumentOutOfRangeException: sourceIndex is less than the lower bound of the first dimension of sourceArray. I cannot see any of strange in my code and I am not able to reproduce the exception. Could anyone help me to identify the problem? thanks

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