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  • Compute average distance from point to line segment and line segment to line segment

    - by Fred
    Hi everyone, I'm searching for an algorithm to calculate the average distance between a point and a line segment in 3D. So given two points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) that represent line segment AB, and a third point C(x3, y3, z3), what is the average distance between each point on AB to point C? I'm also interested in the average distance between two line segments. So given segment AB and CD, what is the average distance from each point on AB to the closest point on CD? I haven't had any luck with the web searches I've tried, so any suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • In OpenGL vertex shader, gl_Position doesn't get homogenized..

    - by KJ
    Hi everyone, I was expecting gl_Position to automatically get homogenized (divided by w), but it seems not working.. Why do the followings make different results? 1) void main() { vec4 p; ... omitted ... gl_Position = projectionMatrix * p; } 2) ... same as above ... p = projectionMatrix * p; gl_Position = p / p.w; I think the two are supposed to generate the same results, but it seems it's not the case. 1 doesn't work while 2 is working as expected.. Could it possibly be a precision problem? Am I missing something? This is driving me almost crazy.. helps needed. Many thanks in advance!

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  • Fastest way to compute a "Visual" checksum of an image

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking to create an ID system for cataloging images. I can't use md5() since that will change if I alter the EXIF tags of the image. I am currently using the SHA1 checksum computed by imagemagick. It works perfectly, but it's really, really slow on larger images (~15 seconds on a quad-core xeon for a 21 megapixel JPG). Are there any other "visual" methods of uniquely identifying an image that would be faster? Thank you.

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  • Compute divergence of vector field using python

    - by nyvltak
    Is there a function that could be used for calculation of the divergence of the vectorial field? (in matlab http://www.mathworks.ch/help/techdoc/ref/divergence.html) I would expect it exists in numpy/scipy but I can not find it using google :(. # I need to calculate div[A * grad(F)], where F = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]]) (2D numpy ndarray) A = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[1,2,3,4]]) (2D numpy ndarray) so grad(F) is a set of 2D ndarrays # I know, I can calculate divergence like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergence#Application_in_Cartesian_coordinates but do not want to reinvent the wheel. (and also I expent there is some optimized function)

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  • Compute weighted averages for large numbers

    - by Travis
    I'm trying to get the weighted average of a few numbers. Basically I have: Price - 134.42 Quantity - 15236545 There can be as few as one or two or as many as fifty or sixty pairs of prices and quantities. I need to figure out the weighted average of the price. Basically, the weighted average should give very little weight to pairs like Price - 100000000.00 Quantity - 3 and more to the pair above. The formula I currently have is: ((price)(quantity) + (price)(quantity) + ...)/totalQuantity So far I have this done: double optimalPrice = 0; int totalQuantity = 0; double rolling = 0; System.out.println(rolling); Iterator it = orders.entrySet().iterator(); while(it.hasNext()) { System.out.println("inside"); Map.Entry order = (Map.Entry)it.next(); double price = (Double)order.getKey(); int quantity = (Integer)order.getValue(); System.out.println(price + " " + quantity); rolling += price * quantity; totalQuantity += quantity; System.out.println(rolling); } System.out.println(rolling); return totalQuantity / rolling; The problem is I very quickly max out the "rolling" variable. How can I actually get my weighted average? Thanks!

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  • How to Compute a Database Column in .NET

    - by Michael
    I have a Database named CarsType.accdb there are four fields in the data base Item_Name, Item_Num, Item_Qty, Item_Cost. I am able to get the database to display my data in VisualBasic but I am not sure how to get the total cost to appear in my label (lblTotalCost). I prefer doing it in VB versus writing in my access program. All I am wanting to do it multiply item_qty * Item_Cost How would I go about doing that?

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  • CUDA - multiple kernels to compute a single value

    - by Roger
    Hey, I'm trying to write a kernel to essentially do the following in C float sum = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){ sum += valueArray[i]*valueArray[i]; } sum += sum / N; At the moment I have this inside my kernel, but it is not giving correct values. int i0 = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; for(int i=i0; i<N; i += blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ *d_sum += d_valueArray[i]*d_valueArray[i]; } *d_sum= __fdividef(*d_sum, N); The code used to call the kernel is kernelName<<<64,128>>>(N, d_valueArray, d_sum); cudaMemcpy(&sum, d_sum, sizeof(float) , cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost); I think that each kernel is calculating a partial sum, but the final divide statement is not taking into account the accumulated value from each of the threads. Every kernel is producing it's own final value for d_sum? Does anyone know how could I go about doing this in an efficient way? Maybe using shared memory between threads? I'm very new to GPU programming. Cheers

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  • Compute jvm heap size to host web application

    - by Enrique
    Hello, I want to host a web application on a private JVM they offer 32, 64, 128, 256 MB plans. My web application uses Spring. And I store some objects for every logged in user session. My question is: How can I profile my web app to see how much heap size it needs so I can choose a plan?, How can I simulate hundreds of users logged in at the same time? I'm developing the application using Netbeans 6.7 Java 1.6 Tomcat 6.0.18 Thank you.

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  • Compute column widths in a HTML-like manner (based on cell contents)

    - by cipak
    Hi, I have a grid of data that I want to export to RTF, PDF etc. using various (and not perfect) PHP converters/generators. What I am missing most is the HTML table automatic adjustment of column widths based on the lengths of strings in the cells (strings contain line breaks which complicate things a bit, as they should be preserved). I need an algorithm that, given the contents of the cells (plain text), a total width of the table and an average width of a character, would return a width for each column. I wouldn't want to reinvent the wheel if something is already available. Of course it can't be perfect if the font is variable width, but an approximation would do just fine. Or maybe it could have a configurable table with widths for each character. Any hint would be appreciated. Thank you.

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  • Cannot compute equation, always gives zero

    - by user1738391
    Did i miss something? The variable percentage_ always equals 0. I've checked nTimes and winnings, they give the correct values as what is being input. Even when I test out a simple equation like, percentage_=1+1, percentage_ will give 0. Can someone help? #pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; class GuessMachine { private: int nTimes; int winnings; string nM[6]; public: GuessMachine(); void displayPrizes(); void displayMenu(); int getInput(); void checkNumber(); void checkPrize(); }; void GuessMachine::checkPrize() { MagicNumber mn; int prize_=mn.generateNumber(); float percentage_; percentage_ = float (winnings/nTimes*100); //<--On this line percentage is always 0 no matter what winnings and nTimes are cout<<"Percentage is "<<percentage_<<endl; if(percentage_ >= 50) { cout<<"You have scored "<<percentage_<<"% and won "<<nM[prize_]; } else { cout<<"You have scored "<<percentage_<<"%. You lose!!"; } cin.ignore(); cin.ignore(); }

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  • glGetActiveAttrib on Android NDK

    - by user408952
    In my code-base I need to link the vertex declarations from a mesh to the attributes of a shader. To do this I retrieve all the attribute names after linking the shader. I use the following code (with some added debug info since it's not really working): int shaders[] = { m_ps, m_vs }; if(linkProgram(shaders, 2)) { ASSERT(glIsProgram(m_program) == GL_TRUE, "program is invalid"); int attrCount = 0; GL_CHECKED(glGetProgramiv(m_program, GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES, &attrCount)); int maxAttrLength = 0; GL_CHECKED(glGetProgramiv(m_program, GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH, &maxAttrLength)); LOG_INFO("shader", "got %d attributes for '%s' (%d) (maxlen: %d)", attrCount, name, m_program, maxAttrLength); m_attrs.reserve(attrCount); GLsizei attrLength = -1; GLint attrSize = -1; GLenum attrType = 0; char tmp[256]; for(int i = 0; i < attrCount; i++) { tmp[0] = 0; GL_CHECKED(glGetActiveAttrib(m_program, GLuint(i), sizeof(tmp), &attrLength, &attrSize, &attrType, tmp)); LOG_INFO("shader", "%d: %d %d '%s'", i, attrLength, attrSize, tmp); m_attrs.append(String(tmp, attrLength)); } } GL_CHECKED is a macro that calls the function and calls glGetError() to see if something went wrong. This code works perfectly on Windows 7 using ANGLE and gives this this output: info:shader: got 2 attributes for 'static/simplecolor.glsl' (3) (maxlen: 11) info:shader: 0: 7 1 'a_Color' info:shader: 1: 10 1 'a_Position' But on my Nexus 7 (1st gen) I get the following (the errors are the output from the GL_CHECKED macro): I/testgame:shader(30865): got 2 attributes for 'static/simplecolor.glsl' (3) (maxlen: 11) E/testgame:gl(30865): 'glGetActiveAttrib(m_program, GLuint(i), sizeof(tmp), &attrLength, &attrSize, &attrType, tmp)' failed: INVALID_VALUE [jni/src/../../../../src/Game/Asset/ShaderAsset.cpp:50] I/testgame:shader(30865): 0: -1 -1 '' E/testgame:gl(30865): 'glGetActiveAttrib(m_program, GLuint(i), sizeof(tmp), &attrLength, &attrSize, &attrType, tmp)' failed: INVALID_VALUE [jni/src/../../../../src/Game/Asset/ShaderAsset.cpp:50] I/testgame:shader(30865): 1: -1 -1 '' I.e. the call to glGetActiveAttrib gives me an INVALID_VALUE. The opengl docs says this about the possible errors: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if program is not a value generated by OpenGL. This is not the case, I added an ASSERT to make sure glIsProgram(m_program) == GL_TRUE, and it doesn't trigger. GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if program is not a program object. Different error. GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if index is greater than or equal to the number of active attribute variables in program. i is 0 and 1, and the number of active attribute variables are 2, so this isn't the case. GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if bufSize is less than 0. Well, it's not zero, it's 256. Does anyone have an idea what's causing this? Am I just lucky that it works in ANGLE, or is the nvidia tegra driver wrong?

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  • how to deploy web application directly from git master branch

    - by mobile.linkr
    For educational purpose, I am writing a server instance in GCE(google compute engine) to serve a few web apps mostly (to be) written in Dart and Polymer. My workflow is, when my students log-in the server above, they will automatically fork those web apps into their own registries in their own server instances for further development. My issues are, How to serve web applications(they are git registries as well) in GCE like Github Pages? Is it possible to manipulate Github Pages to serve web apps mostly using Dart and Polymer packages? Thanks in advance.

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  • Direct3D11 and SharpDX - How to pass a model instance's world matrix as an input to a vertex shader

    - by Nathan Ridley
    Using Direct3D11, I'm trying to pass a matrix into my vertex shader from the instance buffer that is associated with a given model's vertices and I can't seem to construct my InputLayout without throwing an exception. The shader looks like this: cbuffer ConstantBuffer : register(b0) { matrix World; matrix View; matrix Projection; } struct VIn { float4 position: POSITION; matrix instance: INSTANCE; float4 color: COLOR; }; struct VOut { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; VOut VShader(VIn input) { VOut output; output.position = mul(input.position, input.instance); output.position = mul(output.position, View); output.position = mul(output.position, Projection); output.color = input.color; return output; } The input layout looks like this: var elements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerVertexData, 0), new InputElement("INSTANCE", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 12, 0) }; InputLayout = new InputLayout(device, signature, elements); The buffer initialization looks like this: public ModelDeviceData(Model model, Device device) { Model = model; var vertices = Helpers.CreateBuffer(device, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, model.Vertices); var instances = Helpers.CreateBuffer(device, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, Model.Instances.Select(m => m.WorldMatrix).ToArray()); VerticesBufferBinding = new VertexBufferBinding(vertices, Utilities.SizeOf<ColoredVertex>(), 0); InstancesBufferBinding = new VertexBufferBinding(instances, Utilities.SizeOf<Matrix>(), 0); IndicesBuffer = Helpers.CreateBuffer(device, BindFlags.IndexBuffer, model.Triangles); } The buffer creation helper method looks like this: public static Buffer CreateBuffer<T>(Device device, BindFlags bindFlags, params T[] items) where T : struct { var len = Utilities.SizeOf(items); var stream = new DataStream(len, true, true); foreach (var item in items) stream.Write(item); stream.Position = 0; var buffer = new Buffer(device, stream, len, ResourceUsage.Default, bindFlags, CpuAccessFlags.None, ResourceOptionFlags.None, 0); return buffer; } The line that instantiates the InputLayout object throws this exception: *HRESULT: [0x80070057], Module: [General], ApiCode: [E_INVALIDARG/Invalid Arguments], Message: The parameter is incorrect.* Note that the data for each model instance is simply an instance of SharpDX.Matrix. EDIT Based on Tordin's answer, it sems like I have to modify my code like so: var elements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerVertexData, 0), new InputElement("INSTANCE0", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("INSTANCE1", 1, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("INSTANCE2", 2, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("INSTANCE3", 3, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 12, 0) }; and in the shader: struct VIn { float4 position: POSITION; float4 instance0: INSTANCE0; float4 instance1: INSTANCE1; float4 instance2: INSTANCE2; float4 instance3: INSTANCE3; float4 color: COLOR; }; VOut VShader(VIn input) { VOut output; matrix world = { input.instance0, input.instance1, input.instance2, input.instance3 }; output.position = mul(input.position, world); output.position = mul(output.position, View); output.position = mul(output.position, Projection); output.color = input.color; return output; } However I still get an exception.

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  • Toon shader with Texture. Can this be optimized?

    - by Alex
    I am quite new to OpenGL, I have managed after long trial and error to integrate Nehe's Cel-Shading rendering with my Model loaders, and have them drawn using the Toon shade and outline AND their original texture at the same time. The result is actually a very nice Cel Shading effect of the model texture, but it is havling the speed of the program, it's quite very slow even with just 3 models on screen... Since the result was kind of hacked together, I am thinking that maybe I am performing some extra steps or extra rendering tasks that maybe are not needed, and are slowing down the game? Something unnecessary that maybe you guys could spot? Both MD2 and 3DS loader have an InitToon() function called upon creation to load the shader initToon(){ int i; // Looping Variable ( NEW ) char Line[255]; // Storage For 255 Characters ( NEW ) float shaderData[32][3]; // Storate For The 96 Shader Values ( NEW ) FILE *In = fopen ("Shader.txt", "r"); // Open The Shader File ( NEW ) if (In) // Check To See If The File Opened ( NEW ) { for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) // Loop Though The 32 Greyscale Values ( NEW ) { if (feof (In)) // Check For The End Of The File ( NEW ) break; fgets (Line, 255, In); // Get The Current Line ( NEW ) shaderData[i][0] = shaderData[i][1] = shaderData[i][2] = float(atof (Line)); // Copy Over The Value ( NEW ) } fclose (In); // Close The File ( NEW ) } else return false; // It Went Horribly Horribly Wrong ( NEW ) glGenTextures (1, &shaderTexture[0]); // Get A Free Texture ID ( NEW ) glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_1D, shaderTexture[0]); // Bind This Texture. From Now On It Will Be 1D ( NEW ) // For Crying Out Loud Don't Let OpenGL Use Bi/Trilinear Filtering! ( NEW ) glTexParameteri (GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri (GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage1D (GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGB, 32, 0, GL_RGB , GL_FLOAT, shaderData); // Upload ( NEW ) } This is the drawing for the animated MD2 model: void MD2Model::drawToon() { float outlineWidth = 3.0f; // Width Of The Lines ( NEW ) float outlineColor[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }; // Color Of The Lines ( NEW ) // ORIGINAL PART OF THE FUNCTION //Figure out the two frames between which we are interpolating int frameIndex1 = (int)(time * (endFrame - startFrame + 1)) + startFrame; if (frameIndex1 > endFrame) { frameIndex1 = startFrame; } int frameIndex2; if (frameIndex1 < endFrame) { frameIndex2 = frameIndex1 + 1; } else { frameIndex2 = startFrame; } MD2Frame* frame1 = frames + frameIndex1; MD2Frame* frame2 = frames + frameIndex2; //Figure out the fraction that we are between the two frames float frac = (time - (float)(frameIndex1 - startFrame) / (float)(endFrame - startFrame + 1)) * (endFrame - startFrame + 1); // I ADDED THESE FROM NEHE'S TUTORIAL FOR FIRST PASS (TOON SHADE) glHint (GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Use The Good Calculations ( NEW ) glEnable (GL_LINE_SMOOTH); // Cel-Shading Code // glEnable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Enable 1D Texturing ( NEW ) glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_1D, shaderTexture[0]); // Bind Our Texture ( NEW ) glColor3f (1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Set The Color Of The Model ( NEW ) // ORIGINAL DRAWING CODE //Draw the model as an interpolation between the two frames glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } glNormal3f(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]); MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; glTexCoord2f(texCoord->texCoordX, texCoord->texCoordY); glVertex3f(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]); } } glEnd(); // ADDED THESE FROM NEHE'S FOR SECOND PASS (OUTLINE) glDisable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Disable 1D Textures ( NEW ) glEnable (GL_BLEND); // Enable Blending ( NEW ) glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // Set The Blend Mode ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_LINE); // Draw Backfacing Polygons As Wireframes ( NEW ) glLineWidth (outlineWidth); // Set The Line Width ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_FRONT); // Don't Draw Any Front-Facing Polygons ( NEW ) glDepthFunc (GL_LEQUAL); // Change The Depth Mode ( NEW ) glColor3fv (&outlineColor[0]); // Set The Outline Color ( NEW ) // HERE I AM PARSING THE VERTICES AGAIN (NOT IN THE ORIGINAL FUNCTION) FOR THE OUTLINE AS PER NEHE'S TUT glBegin (GL_TRIANGLES); // Tell OpenGL What We Want To Draw for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } glNormal3f(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]); MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; glTexCoord2f(texCoord->texCoordX, texCoord->texCoordY); glVertex3f(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]); } } glEnd (); // Tell OpenGL We've Finished glDepthFunc (GL_LESS); // Reset The Depth-Testing Mode ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_BACK); // Reset The Face To Be Culled ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_FILL); // Reset Back-Facing Polygon Drawing Mode ( NEW ) glDisable (GL_BLEND); } Whereas this is the drawToon function in the 3DS loader void Model_3DS::drawToon() { float outlineWidth = 3.0f; // Width Of The Lines ( NEW ) float outlineColor[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }; // Color Of The Lines ( NEW ) //ORIGINAL CODE if (visible) { glPushMatrix(); // Move the model glTranslatef(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z); // Rotate the model glRotatef(rot.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(rot.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(rot.z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glScalef(scale, scale, scale); // Loop through the objects for (int i = 0; i < numObjects; i++) { // Enable texture coordiantes, normals, and vertices arrays if (Objects[i].textured) glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); if (lit) glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); // Point them to the objects arrays if (Objects[i].textured) glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, Objects[i].TexCoords); if (lit) glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, Objects[i].Normals); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, Objects[i].Vertexes); // Loop through the faces as sorted by material and draw them for (int j = 0; j < Objects[i].numMatFaces; j ++) { // Use the material's texture Materials[Objects[i].MatFaces[j].MatIndex].tex.Use(); // AFTER THE TEXTURE IS APPLIED I INSERT THE TOON FUNCTIONS HERE (FIRST PASS) glHint (GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Use The Good Calculations ( NEW ) glEnable (GL_LINE_SMOOTH); // Cel-Shading Code // glEnable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Enable 1D Texturing ( NEW ) glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_1D, shaderTexture[0]); // Bind Our Texture ( NEW ) glColor3f (1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Set The Color Of The Model ( NEW ) glPushMatrix(); // Move the model glTranslatef(Objects[i].pos.x, Objects[i].pos.y, Objects[i].pos.z); // Rotate the model glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Draw the faces using an index to the vertex array glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].numSubFaces, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].subFaces); glPopMatrix(); } glDisable (GL_TEXTURE_1D); // Disable 1D Textures ( NEW ) // THIS IS AN ADDED SECOND PASS AT THE VERTICES FOR THE OUTLINE glEnable (GL_BLEND); // Enable Blending ( NEW ) glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // Set The Blend Mode ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_LINE); // Draw Backfacing Polygons As Wireframes ( NEW ) glLineWidth (outlineWidth); // Set The Line Width ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_FRONT); // Don't Draw Any Front-Facing Polygons ( NEW ) glDepthFunc (GL_LEQUAL); // Change The Depth Mode ( NEW ) glColor3fv (&outlineColor[0]); // Set The Outline Color ( NEW ) for (int j = 0; j < Objects[i].numMatFaces; j ++) { glPushMatrix(); // Move the model glTranslatef(Objects[i].pos.x, Objects[i].pos.y, Objects[i].pos.z); // Rotate the model glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(Objects[i].rot.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Draw the faces using an index to the vertex array glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].numSubFaces, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, Objects[i].MatFaces[j].subFaces); glPopMatrix(); } glDepthFunc (GL_LESS); // Reset The Depth-Testing Mode ( NEW ) glCullFace (GL_BACK); // Reset The Face To Be Culled ( NEW ) glPolygonMode (GL_BACK, GL_FILL); // Reset Back-Facing Polygon Drawing Mode ( NEW ) glDisable (GL_BLEND); glPopMatrix(); } Finally this is the tex.Use() function that loads a BMP texture and somehow gets blended perfectly with the Toon shading void GLTexture::Use() { glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // Enable texture mapping glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Bind the texture as the current one }

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  • When should a uniform be used in shader programming?

    - by Phineas
    In a vertex shader, I calculate a vector using only uniforms. Therefore, the outcome of this calculation is the same for all instantiations of the vertex shader. Should I just do this calculation on the CPU and upload it as a uniform? What if I have ten such calculations? If I upload a lot of uniforms in this way, does CPU-GPU communication ever get so slow that recomputing such values in the vertex shader is actually faster?

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  • Getting normal information from OpenGL render output

    - by okamiueru
    I'll try to keep this simple. I want a way to access the normal information of the scene, from the Frame Buffer output (or similar). The same way one is able to access the Depth Buffer using glGetTexImage and GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT. I know I could set up a fragment shader which outputs the normal information in RGB color space, which could in turn be read from the rendered image. I'm wondering however if there is a way to do this within the openGL API. I'll clarify anything upon request as best as I can, Thank you

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  • How do you create a cbuffer or global variable that is gpu modifiable?

    - by bobobobo
    I'm implementing tonemapping in a pixel shader, for hdr lighting. The vertex shader outputs vertices with colors. I need to find the max color and save it in a global. However when I try and write the global in my hlsl code, //clamp the max color below by this color clamp( maxColor, output.color, float4( 1e6,1e6,1e6,1e6 ) ) ; I see: error X3025: global variables are implicitly constant, enable compatibility mode to allow modification What is the correct way to declare a shader global in d3d11 that the vertex shader can write to, and the pixel shader can read? I realize this is a bit tough since the vertex shaders are supposed to run in parallel, and introducing a shader global that they all write to means a lock..

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  • Engine Rendering pipeline : Making shaders generic

    - by fakhir
    I am trying to make a 2D game engine using OpenGL ES 2.0 (iOS for now). I've written Application layer in Objective C and a separate self contained RendererGLES20 in C++. No GL specific call is made outside the renderer. It is working perfectly. But I have some design issues when using shaders. Each shader has its own unique attributes and uniforms that need to be set just before the main draw call (glDrawArrays in this case). For instance, in order to draw some geometry I would do: void RendererGLES20::render(Model * model) { // Set a bunch of uniforms glUniformMatrix4fv(.......); // Enable specific attributes, can be many glEnableVertexAttribArray(......); // Set a bunch of vertex attribute pointers: glVertexAttribPointer(positionSlot, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, stride, m->pCoords); // Now actually Draw the geometry glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, m->vertexCount); // After drawing, disable any vertex attributes: glDisableVertexAttribArray(.......); } As you can see this code is extremely rigid. If I were to use another shader, say ripple effect, i would be needing to pass extra uniforms, vertex attribs etc. In other words I would have to change the RendererGLES20 render source code just to incorporate the new shader. Is there any way to make the shader object totally generic? Like What if I just want to change the shader object and not worry about game source re-compiling? Any way to make the renderer agnostic of uniforms and attributes etc?. Even though we need to pass data to uniforms, what is the best place to do that? Model class? Is the model class aware of shader specific uniforms and attributes? Following shows Actor class: class Actor : public ISceneNode { ModelController * model; AIController * AI; }; Model controller class: class ModelController { class IShader * shader; int textureId; vec4 tint; float alpha; struct Vertex * vertexArray; }; Shader class just contains the shader object, compiling and linking sub-routines etc. In Game Logic class I am actually rendering the object: void GameLogic::update(float dt) { IRenderer * renderer = g_application->GetRenderer(); Actor * a = GetActor(id); renderer->render(a->model); } Please note that even though Actor extends ISceneNode, I haven't started implementing SceneGraph yet. I will do that as soon as I resolve this issue. Any ideas how to improve this? Related design patterns etc? Thank you for reading the question.

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  • Visual basic 6.0 - ComputeHash invalid procedure call or argument error

    - by Mohan Babu Vijaya Gopal
    I am getting the error "invalid procedure call or arguments" at the step computeHash(). Any help highly appreciated. Private Sub Form_Load() Dim rngcsp As New RNGCryptoServiceProvider '= new RNGCryptoServiceProvider() Dim u8 As Encoding 'u8 = Encoding.UTF8 Dim minSaltSize As Integer Dim maxSaltSize As Integer Dim saltSize As Integer minSaltSize = 4 maxSaltSize = 8 Dim randm As Random Set randm = New Random Dim saltBytes() As Byte ReDim saltBytes(saltSize) Set rngcsp = New RNGCryptoServiceProvider rngcsp.GetNonZeroBytes (saltBytes) Dim plainTextBytes() As Byte plainTextBytes() = ConvertStringToUtf8Bytes("Mohan") Dim plainTextBytesLen As Long plainTextBytesLen = UBound(plainTextBytes) - LBound(plainTextBytes) + 1 Dim saltBytesLen As Long saltBytesLen = UBound(saltBytes) - LBound(saltBytes) + 1 Dim plainTextWithSaltBytes() As Byte ReDim plainTextWithSaltBytes(plainTextBytesLen + saltBytesLen) For i = 0 To plainTextBytesLen - 1 plainTextWithSaltBytes(i) = plainTextBytes(i) Next For i = 0 To saltBytesLen - 1 plainTextWithSaltBytes(i) = saltBytes(i) Next 'Dim hash As HashAlgorithm = New MD5CryptoServiceProvider() Dim hash12 As New SHA256Managed 'SHA256Managed Dim totLen As Integer totLen = plainTextBytesLen + saltBytesLen Dim str As String Dim hashBytes() As Byte 'With hashBytes = hash12.computeHash(plainTextWithSaltBytes) ', 0, totLen) 'End With End Sub

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  • AS3 computeSpectrum fft true

    - by cr1ms0n3cho
    I am just trying to understand what the values sent back from computeSpectrum(bytes,true,0) mean. I have values ranging from 0 to 1 for each float i read from the byte array but does each value represent a range of Hz Thanks!

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  • OpenGL textures trigger error 1281 and strange background behavior

    - by user3714670
    I am using SOIL to apply textures to VBOs, without textures i could change the background and display black (default color) vbos easily, but now with textures, openGL is giving an error 1281, the background is black and some textures are not applied. There must be something i didn't understand about applying/loading the textures. BUt the texture IS applied (nothing else is working though), the error is applied when i try to use the shader program however i checked the compilation of these and no problems were written. Here is the code i use to load textures, once loaded it is kept in memory, it mostly comes from the example of SOIL : texture = SOIL_load_OGL_single_cubemap( filename, SOIL_DDS_CUBEMAP_FACE_ORDER, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); if( texture > 0 ) { glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R ); glTexGeni( GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_R, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded single cube map ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a HDR texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_HDR_texture( filename, SOIL_HDR_RGBdivA2, 0, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS ); if( texture < 1 ) { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a simple 2D texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_texture( filename, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); } if( texture > 0 ) { // enable texturing glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // bind an OpenGL texture ID glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded texture ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); std::cout << "Texture loading failed: '" << SOIL_last_result() << "'" << std::endl; } } and how i apply it when drawing : GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myTextureSampler"); if(!TextureID) cout << "TextureID not found ..." << endl; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(TextureID); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); if(SFML) sf::Texture::bind(sfml_texture); else { glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); // glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 1024, 768, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &texture); } glUniform1i(TextureID, 0); I am not sure that SOIL is adapted to my program as i want something as simple as possible (i used sfml's texture object which was the best but i can't anymore), but if i can get it to work it would be great. EDIT : After narrowing the code implied by the error, here is the code that provokes it, it is called between texture loading and bos drawing : glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); //this gives the error : glUseProgram(this->shaderProgram); if (!shaderLoaded) { std::cout << "Loading default shaders" << std::endl; if(textured) loadShaderProgramm(texture_vertexSource, texture_fragmentSource); else loadShaderProgramm(default_vertexSource,default_fragmentSource); } glm::mat4 Projection = camera->getPerspective(); glm::mat4 View = camera->getView(); glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f); Model[0][0] *= scale_x; Model[1][1] *= scale_y; Model[2][2] *= scale_z; glm::vec3 translate_vec(this->x,this->y,this->z); glm::mat4 object_transform = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f),translate_vec); glm::quat rotation = QAccumulative.getQuat(); glm::mat4 matrix_rotation = glm::mat4_cast(rotation); object_transform *= matrix_rotation; Model *= object_transform; glm::mat4 MVP = Projection * View * Model; GLuint ModelID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "M"); if(ModelID ==-1) cout << "ModelID not found ..." << endl; GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "MVP"); if(MatrixID ==-1) cout << "MatrixID not found ..." << endl; GLuint ViewID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "V"); if(ViewID ==-1) cout << "ViewID not found ..." << endl; glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(ModelID, 1, GL_FALSE, &Model[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(ViewID, 1, GL_FALSE, &View[0][0]); drawObject();

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  • How to control in the vertex shader where pixel ends up in the renderTarget?

    - by cubrman
    What if I have an arbitrary renderTarget, that is smaller than the screen (say it is 1x1 pixel) and I want to make sure in the VertexShaderFunction that all my pixels end up exactly in that 1 pixel region? No matter what I do, they all seem to get culled at some point, though GraphicDevise.Clear() works OK. Where is the top left corner of the renderTarget Vertex-shader-vise? I tried output.Position = (0,0,0,0)/(0,0,0,1)/(1,1,1,1)/(-0.5,0.5,0,1) NOTHING works! Fullscreen quad is not an option 'cause I actually need to process geometry in the shaders to get the results I need.

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