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  • How does the compile choose which template function to call?

    - by aCuria
    Regarding the below code, how does the compiler choose which template function to call? If the const T& function is omitted, the T& function is always called. If the T& function is omitted, the const T& function is always called. If both are included, the results are as below. #include <iostream> #include <typeinfo> template <typename T> void function(const T &t) { std::cout << "function<" << typeid(T).name() << ">(const T&) called with t = " << t << std::endl; } template <typename T> void function(T &t) { std::cout << "function<" << typeid(T).name() << ">(T&) called with t = " << t << std::endl; } int main() { int i1 = 57; const int i2 = -6; int *pi1 = &i1; int *const pi3 = &i1; const int *pi2 = &i2; const int *const pi4 = &i2; function(pi1); ///just a normal pointer -> T& function(pi2); ///cannot change what we point to -> T& function(pi3); ///cannot change where we point -> const T& function(pi4); ///cannot change everything -> const T& return 0; } /* g++ output: function<Pi>(T&) called with t = 0x22cd24 function<PKi>(T&) called with t = 0x22cd20 function<Pi>(const T&) called with t = 0x22cd24 function<PKi>(const T&) called with t = 0x22cd20 */ /* bcc32 output: function<int *>(T&) called with t = 0012FF50 function<const int *>(T&) called with t = 0012FF4C function<int *>(const T&) called with t = 0012FF50 function<const int *>(const T&) called with t = 0012FF4C */ /* cl output: function<int *>(T&) called with t = 0012FF34 function<int const *>(T&) called with t = 0012FF28 function<int *>(const T&) called with t = 0012FF34 function<int const *>(const T&) called with t = 0012FF28 */

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  • How to hide/show a Process using c#?

    - by aF
    Hello, While executing my program, I want to hide/minimize Microsoft Speech Recognition Application: and at the end I want to show/maximize using c#! This process is not started by me so I can't give control the process startInfo. I've tried to use user32.dll methods such as: ShowWindow AnimatedWindows AnimatedWindows With all of them I have the same problem. I can hide the windows (althought I have to call one of the methods two times with SW_HIDE option), but when I call the method with a SW_SHOW flag, it simply doesn't shows.. How can I maximize/show after hiding the process? Thanks in advance! Here is some pieces of the code, now implemented to use SetWindowPlacement: { [DllImport("user32.dll")] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] public static extern bool GetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, ref WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl); [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] static extern bool SetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, [In] ref WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl); [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern Boolean ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 nCmdShow); [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern Boolean SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd); [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern Boolean ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 nCmdShow); [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern Boolean AnimateWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint dwTime, uint dwFlags); [DllImport("dwmapi.dll")] public static extern int DwmSetWindowAttribute(IntPtr hwnd, uint dwAttribute, IntPtr pvAttribute, IntPtr lol); //Definitions For Different Window Placement Constants const UInt32 SW_HIDE = 0; const UInt32 SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1; const UInt32 SW_NORMAL = 1; const UInt32 SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2; const UInt32 SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED = 3; const UInt32 SW_MAXIMIZE = 3; const UInt32 SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE = 4; const UInt32 SW_SHOW = 5; const UInt32 SW_MINIMIZE = 6; const UInt32 SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE = 7; const UInt32 SW_SHOWNA = 8; const UInt32 SW_RESTORE = 9; public sealed class AnimateWindowFlags { public const int AW_HOR_POSITIVE = 0x00000001; public const int AW_HOR_NEGATIVE = 0x00000002; public const int AW_VER_POSITIVE = 0x00000004; public const int AW_VER_NEGATIVE = 0x00000008; public const int AW_CENTER = 0x00000010; public const int AW_HIDE = 0x00010000; public const int AW_ACTIVATE = 0x00020000; public const int AW_SLIDE = 0x00040000; public const int AW_BLEND = 0x00080000; } public struct WINDOWPLACEMENT { public int length; public int flags; public int showCmd; public System.Drawing.Point ptMinPosition; public System.Drawing.Point ptMaxPosition; public System.Drawing.Rectangle rcNormalPosition; } //this works param = new WINDOWPLACEMENT(); param.length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT)); param.showCmd = (int)SW_HIDE; lol = SetWindowPlacement(theprocess.MainWindowHandle, ref param); // this doesn't work WINDOWPLACEMENT param = new WINDOWPLACEMENT(); param.length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT)); param.showCmd = SW_SHOW; lol = GetWindowPlacement(theprocess.MainWindowHandle, ref param);

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  • visual tool to resolve conflicts merged into a single file

    - by Yehosef
    I did a git merge and ended up with a file like that looks like this: class member extends item{ /********CONSTANTS**********/ const is_flaggable = true; const is_commentable = false; const is_ratable = false; const table = 'member'; <<<<<<< HEAD const table_about = 'mem_about' ; const table_to_about = 'mem_to_about' ; const table_hobbies = 'mem_to_hobby'; ======= const table_friendship = 'friendship'; const table_about = 'mem_about' ; const table_to_about = 'mem_to_about' ; const table_hobbies = 'mem_to_hobby'; const table_friendship_id = 3; >>>>>>> my-copy In this file there are many blocks like this. Is there a visual tool to help me look at this file and pick and choose the changes I want? Most of the diff tools I found are for looking at two files.

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  • Const_cast on a this pointer - would I get told off by other C++ coders for doing this?

    - by BeeBand
    I have a class Game e.g. class Game { public: InitObjects(); ... }; And I have another class Grid, that needs to be initialised with a non-const reference to that Game object. ( A Grid object needs to call functions that can update a Game object ). class Grid { public: Grid(Game & g): game(g){} ... private: Game & game; ... }; The Game object is responsible for initialising the Grid. I did this: void Game::InitObjects() { grid = new Grid(*(const_cast<Game*>(this)) ); } grid is not a member of a Game - it's a global ( argh - i know... I don't mind making it a member, but I have the same problem right? ). Can some seasoned C++ folk tell me if this odd looking const_cast is acceptable?

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  • Why is passing a string literal into a char* argument only sometimes a compiler error?

    - by Brian Postow
    I'm working in a C, and C++ program. We used to be compiling without the make-strings-writable option. But that was getting a bunch of warnings, so I turned it off. Then I got a whole bunch of errors of the form "Cannot convert const char* to char* in argmuent 3 of function foo". So, I went through and made a whole lot of changes to fix those. However, today, the program CRASHED because the literal "" was getting passed into a function that was expecting a char*, and was setting the 0th character to 0. It wasn't doing anything bad, just trying to edit a constant, and crashing. My question is, why wasn't that a compiler error? In case it matters, this was on a mac compiled with gcc-4.0. EDIT: added code: char * host = FindArgDefault("EMailLinkHost", ""); stripCRLF(linkHost, '\n'); where: char *FindArgDefault(char *argName, char *defVal) {// simplified char * val = defVal; return(val); } and void stripCRLF(char *str, char delim) { char *p, *q; for (p = q = str; *p; ++p) { if (*p == 0xd || *p == 0xa) { if (p[1] == (*p ^ 7)) ++p; if (delim == -1) *p = delim; } *q++ = *p; } *q = 0; // DIES HERE } This compiled and ran until it tried to set *q to 0...

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  • C++ iterator and const_iterator problem for own container class

    - by BaCh
    Hi there, I'm writing an own container class and have run into a problem I can't get my head around. Here's the bare-bone sample that shows the problem. It consists of a container class and two test classes: one test class using a std:vector which compiles nicely and the second test class which tries to use my own container class in exact the same way but fails miserably to compile. #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <iterator> using namespace std; template <typename T> class MyContainer { public: class iterator { public: typedef iterator self_type; inline iterator() { } }; class const_iterator { public: typedef const_iterator self_type; inline const_iterator() { } }; iterator begin() { return iterator(); } const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(); } }; // This one compiles ok, using std::vector class TestClassVector { public: void test() { vector<int>::const_iterator I=myc.begin(); } private: vector<int> myc; }; // this one fails to compile. Why? class TestClassMyContainer { public: void test(){ MyContainer<int>::const_iterator I=myc.begin(); } private: MyContainer<int> myc; }; int main(int argc, char ** argv) { return 0; } gcc tells me: test2.C: In member function ‘void TestClassMyContainer::test()’: test2.C:51: error: conversion from ‘MyContainer::iterator’ to non-scalar type ‘MyContainer::const_iterator’ requested I'm not sure where and why the compiler wants to convert an iterator to a const_iterator for my own class but not for the STL vector class. What am I doing wrong?

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  • C++ HW - defining classes - objects that have objects of other class problem in header file (out of

    - by kitfuntastik
    This is my first time with much of this code. With this instancepool.h file below I get errors saying I can't use vector (line 14) or have instance& as a return type (line 20). It seems it can't use the instance objects despite the fact that I have included them. #ifndef _INSTANCEPOOL_H #define _INSTANCEPOOL_H #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; class InstancePool { private: unsigned instances;//total number of instance objects vector<instance> ipp;//the collection of instance objects, held in a vector public: InstancePool();//Default constructor. Creates an InstancePool object that contains no Instance objects InstancePool(const InstancePool& original);//Copy constructor. After copying, changes to original should not affect the copy that was created. ~InstancePool();//Destructor unsigned getNumberOfInstances() const;//Returns the number of Instance objects the the InstancePool contains. const instance& operator[](unsigned index) const; InstancePool& operator=(const InstancePool& right);//Overloading the assignment operator for InstancePool. friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, InstancePool& ip);//Overloading of the >> operator. friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const InstancePool& ip);//Overloading of the << operator. }; #endif Here is the instance.h : #ifndef _INSTANCE_H #define _INSTANCE_H ///////////////////////////////#include "instancepool.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; class Instance { private: string filenamee; bool categoryy; unsigned featuress; unsigned* featureIDD; unsigned* frequencyy; string* featuree; public: Instance (unsigned features = 0);//default constructor unsigned getNumberOfFeatures() const; //Returns the number of the keywords that the calling Instance object can store. Instance(const Instance& original);//Copy constructor. After copying, changes to the original should not affect the copy that was created. ~Instance() { delete []featureIDD; delete []frequencyy; delete []featuree;}//Destructor. void setCategory(bool category){categoryy = category;}//Sets the category of the message. Spam messages are represented with true and and legit messages with false.//easy bool getCategory() const;//Returns the category of the message. void setFileName(const string& filename){filenamee = filename;}//Stores the name of the file (i.e. “spam/spamsga1.txt”, like in 1st assignment) in which the message was initially stored.//const string& trick? string getFileName() const;//Returns the name of the file in which the message was initially stored. void setFeature(unsigned i, const string& feature, unsigned featureID,unsigned frequency) {//i for array positions featuree[i] = feature; featureIDD[i] = featureID; frequencyy[i] = frequency; } string getFeature(unsigned i) const;//Returns the keyword which is located in the ith position.//const string unsigned getFeatureID(unsigned i) const;//Returns the code of the keyword which is located in the ith position. unsigned getFrequency(unsigned i) const;//Returns the frequency Instance& operator=(const Instance& right);//Overloading of the assignment operator for Instance. friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Instance& inst);//Overloading of the << operator for Instance. friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Instance& inst);//Overloading of the >> operator for Instance. }; #endif Also, if it is helpful here is instance.cpp: // Here we implement the functions of the class apart from the inline ones #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; Instance::Instance(unsigned features) { //Constructor that can be used as the default constructor. featuress = features; if (features == 0) return; featuree = new string[featuress]; // Dynamic memory allocation. featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; return; } unsigned Instance::getNumberOfFeatures() const {//Returns the number of the keywords that the calling Instance object can store. return featuress;} Instance::Instance(const Instance& original) {//Copy constructor. filenamee = original.filenamee; categoryy = original.categoryy; featuress = original.featuress; featuree = new string[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featuree[i] = original.featuree[i]; } featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featureIDD[i] = original.featureIDD[i]; } frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { frequencyy[i] = original.frequencyy[i];} } bool Instance::getCategory() const { //Returns the category of the message. return categoryy;} string Instance::getFileName() const { //Returns the name of the file in which the message was initially stored. return filenamee;} string Instance::getFeature(unsigned i) const { //Returns the keyword which is located in the ith position.//const string return featuree[i];} unsigned Instance::getFeatureID(unsigned i) const { //Returns the code of the keyword which is located in the ith position. return featureIDD[i];} unsigned Instance::getFrequency(unsigned i) const { //Returns the frequency return frequencyy[i];} Instance& Instance::operator=(const Instance& right) { //Overloading of the assignment operator for Instance. if(this == &right) return *this; delete []featureIDD; delete []frequencyy; delete []featuree; filenamee = right.filenamee; categoryy = right.categoryy; featuress = right.featuress; featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; featuree = new string[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featureIDD[i] = right.featureIDD[i]; } for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { frequencyy[i] = right.frequencyy[i]; } for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featuree[i] = right.featuree[i]; } return *this; } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Instance& inst) {//Overloading of the << operator for Instance. out << endl << "<message file=" << '"' << inst.filenamee << '"' << " category="; if (inst.categoryy == 0) out << '"' << "legit" << '"'; else out << '"' << "spam" << '"'; out << " features=" << '"' << inst.featuress << '"' << ">" <<endl; for (int i = 0; i < inst.featuress; i++) { out << "<feature id=" << '"' << inst.featureIDD[i] << '"' << " freq=" << '"' << inst.frequencyy[i] << '"' << "> " << inst.featuree[i] << " </feature>"<< endl; } out << "</message>" << endl; return out; } istream& operator>>(istream& in, Instance& inst) { //Overloading of the >> operator for Instance. string word; string numbers = ""; string filenamee2 = ""; bool categoryy2 = 0; unsigned featuress2; string featuree2; unsigned featureIDD2; unsigned frequencyy2; unsigned i; unsigned y; while(in >> word) { if (word == "<message") {//if at beginning of message in >> word;//grab filename word for (y=6; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//pull out filename from between quotes filenamee2 += word[y];} in >> word;//grab category word if (word[10] == 's') categoryy2 = 1; in >> word;//grab features word for (y=10; word[y]!='"'; y++) { numbers += word[y];} featuress2 = atoi(numbers.c_str());//convert string of numbers to integer Instance tempp2(featuress2);//make a temporary Instance object to hold values read in tempp2.setFileName(filenamee2);//set temp object to filename read in tempp2.setCategory(categoryy2); for (i=0; i<featuress2; i++) {//loop reading in feature reports for message in >> word >> word >> word;//skip two words numbers = "";//reset numbers string for (int y=4; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//grab feature ID numbers += word[y];} featureIDD2 = atoi(numbers.c_str()); in >> word;// numbers = ""; for (int y=6; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//grab frequency numbers += word[y];} frequencyy2 = atoi(numbers.c_str()); in >> word;//grab actual feature string featuree2 = word; tempp2.setFeature(i, featuree2, featureIDD2, frequencyy2); }//all done reading in and setting features in >> word;//read in last part of message : </message> inst = tempp2;//set inst (reference) to tempp2 (tempp2 will be destroyed at end of function call) return in; } } } and instancepool.cpp: // Here we implement the functions of the class apart from the inline ones #include "instancepool.h" #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; InstancePool::InstancePool()//Default constructor. Creates an InstancePool object that contains no Instance objects { instances = 0; ipp.clear(); } InstancePool::~InstancePool() { ipp.clear();} InstancePool::InstancePool(const InstancePool& original) {//Copy constructor. instances = original.instances; for (int i = 0; i<instances; i++) { ipp.push_back(original.ipp[i]); } } unsigned InstancePool::getNumberOfInstances() const {//Returns the number of Instance objects the the InstancePool contains. return instances;} const Instance& InstancePool::operator[](unsigned index) const {//Overloading of the [] operator for InstancePool. return ipp[index];} InstancePool& InstancePool::operator=(const InstancePool& right) {//Overloading the assignment operator for InstancePool. if(this == &right) return *this; ipp.clear(); instances = right.instances; for(unsigned i = 0; i < instances; i++) { ipp.push_back(right.ipp[i]); } return *this; } istream& operator>>(istream& in, InstancePool& ip) {//Overloading of the >> operator. ip.ipp.clear(); string word; string numbers; int total;//int to hold total number of messages in collection while(in >> word) { if (word == "<messagecollection"){ in >> word;//reads in total number of all messages for (int y=10; word[y]!='"'; y++){ numbers = ""; numbers += word[y]; } total = atoi(numbers.c_str()); for (int x = 0; x<total; x++) {//do loop for each message in collection in >> ip.ipp[x];//use instance friend function and [] operator to fill in values and create Instance objects and read them intot he vector } } } } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const InstancePool& ip) {//Overloading of the << operator. out << "<messagecollection messages=" << '"' << '>' << ip.instances << '"'<< endl << endl; for (int z=0; z<ip.instances; z++) { out << ip[z];} out << endl<<"</messagecollection>\n"; } This code is currently not writing to files correctly either at least, I'm sure it has many problems. I hope my posting of so much is not too much, and any help would be very much appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Why is it that I can include a header file in multiple cpp files that contains const int and not have a compiler error?

    - by tree
    Let's assume that I have files a.cpp b.cpp and file c.h. Both of the cpp files include the c.h file. The header file contains a bunch of const int definitions and when I compile them I get no errors and yet I can access those const as if they were global variables. So the question, why don't I get any compilation errors if I have multiple const definitions as well as these const int's having global-like scope?

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  • Template problems: No matching function for call

    - by Nick Sweet
    I'm trying to create a template class, and when I define a non-member template function, I get the "No matching function for call to randvec()" error. I have a template class defined as: template <class T> class Vector { T x, y, z; public: //constructors Vector(); Vector(const T& x, const T& y, const T& z); Vector(const Vector& u); //accessors T getx() const; T gety() const; T getz() const; //mutators void setx(const T& x); void sety(const T& y); void setz(const T& z); //operations void operator-(); Vector plus(const Vector& v); Vector minus(const Vector& v); Vector cross(const Vector& v); T dot(const Vector& v); void times(const T& s); T length() const; //Vector<T>& randvec(); //operators Vector& operator=(const Vector& rhs); friend std::ostream& operator<< <T>(std::ostream&, const Vector<T>&); }; and the function in question, which I've defined after all those functions above, is: //random Vector template <class T> Vector<double>& randvec() { const int min=-10, max=10; Vector<double>* r = new Vector<double>; int randx, randy, randz, temp; const int bucket_size = RAND_MAX/(max-min +1); temp = rand(); //voodoo hackery do randx = (rand()/bucket_size)+min; while (randx < min || randx > max); r->setx(randx); do randy = (rand()/bucket_size)+min; while (randy < min || randy > max); r->sety(randy); do randz = (rand()/bucket_size)+min; while (randz < min || randz > max); r->setz(randz); return *r; } Yet, every time I call it in my main function using a line like: Vector<double> a(randvec()); I get that error. However, if I remove the template and define it using 'double' instead of 'T', the call to randvec() works perfectly. Why doesn't it recognize randvec()? P.S. Don't mind the bit labeled voodoo hackery - this is just a cheap hack so that I can get around another problem I encountered.

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  • If-elseif-else Logic Question

    - by Changeling
    I have a set of three values, call them x, y, and z. If value A happens to match only one in the set x, y, and z, then that means we have a proper match and we stop searching for a match, even if it is at y. It can match any one in that set. These values x, y, and z are non-constant so I cannot use a switch-case statement. How do I do this with an if-elseif-else statements without having to use GOTO. I am using C++ (no boost or any of that other fancy stuff). Now, I am trying to do this in code and it is racking my brain this morning (not enough coffee?)

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  • Correct usage(s) of const_cast<>

    - by ereOn
    Hi, As a common rule, it is very often considered a bad practice to use const_cast<>() in C++ code as it reveals (most of the time) a flaw in the design. While I totally agree with this, I however wonder what are the cases were using const_cast<>() is ok and the only solution. Could you guys please give me some examples you know/you encountered ? Thank you very much.

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  • Why this function overloading is not working?

    - by Jack
    class CConfFile { public: CConfFile(const std::string &FileName); ~CConfFile(); ... std::string GetString(const std::string &Section, const std::string &Key); void GetString(const std::string &Section, const std::string &Key, char *Buffer, unsigned int BufferSize); ... } string CConfFile::GetString(const string &Section, const string &Key) { return GetKeyValue(Section, Key); } void GetString(const string &Section, const string &Key, char *Buffer, unsigned int BufferSize) { string Str = GetString(Section, Key); // *** ERROR *** strncpy(Buffer, Str.c_str(), Str.size()); } Why do I get an error too few arguments to function ‘void GetString(const std::string&, const std::string&, char*, unsigned int)' at the second function ? Thanks

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  • libstdc++ - compiling failing because of tr1/regex

    - by Radek Šimko
    I have these packages installed on my OpenSUSE 11.3: i | libstdc++45 | Standard shared library for C++ | package i | libstdc++45-devel | Contains files and libraries for development | package But when i'm trying to compile this C++ code: #include <stdio.h> #include <tr1/regex> using namespace std; int main() { int test[2]; const tr1::regex pattern(".*"); test[0] = 1; if (tr1::regex_match("anything", pattern) == false) { printf("Pattern does not match.\n"); } return 0; } using g++ -pedantic -g -O1 -o ./main.o ./main.cpp It outputs this errors: ./main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: ./main.cpp:13:43: error: ‘printf’ was not declared in this scope radek@mypc:~> nano main.cpp radek@mypc:~> g++ -pedantic -g -O1 -o ./main.o ./main.cpp /tmp/cc0g3GUE.o: In function `basic_regex': /usr/include/c++/4.5/tr1_impl/regex:771: undefined reference to `std::tr1::basic_regex<char, std::tr1::regex_traits<char> >::_M_compile()' /tmp/cc0g3GUE.o: In function `bool std::tr1::regex_match<char const*, char, std::tr1::regex_traits<char> >(char const*, char const*, std::tr1::basic_regex<char, std::tr1::regex_traits<char> > const&, std::bitset<11u>)': /usr/include/c++/4.5/tr1_impl/regex:2144: undefined reference to `bool std::tr1::regex_match<char const*, std::allocator<std::tr1::sub_match<char const*> >, char, std::tr1::regex_traits<char> >(char const*, char const*, std::tr1::match_results<char const*, std::allocator<std::tr1::sub_match<char const*> > >&, std::tr1::basic_regex<char, std::tr1::regex_traits<char> > const&, std::bitset<11u>)' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status What packages should i (un)install to make the code work on my PC?

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  • how to solve the errors of this program

    - by hussein abdullah
    include using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::endl; include void initialize(char[],int*); void input(const char[] ,int&); void print ( const char*,const int); void growOlder (const char [], int* ); bool comparePeople(const char* ,const int*,const char*,const int*); int main(){ char name1[25]; char name2[25]; int age1; int age2; initialize (name1,&age1); initialize (name2,&age2); print(name1,*age1); print(name2,*age2); input(name1,age1); input(name2,age2); print(&name1,&age1); print(&name2,&age2); growOlder(name2,age2); if(comparePeople(name1,&age1,name2,&age2)) cout<<"Both People have the same name and age "<<endl; return 0; } void input(const char name[],int &age) { cout<<"Enter a name :"; cinname ; cout<<"Enter an age:"; cin>>age; cout<<endl; } void initialize ( char name[],int *age) { name=""; age=0; } void print ( const char name[],const int age ) { cout<<"The Value stored in variable name is :" < void growOlder(const char name[],int *age) { cout<< name <<" has grown one year older\n\n"; *age++; } bool comparePeople (const char *name1,const int *age1, const char *name2,const int *age2) { return(age1==age2 &&strcmp(name1,name2)); }

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  • how I can overcome this error C2679: binary '>>' : no operator found which takes a right-hand oper

    - by hussein abdullah
    #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::endl; #include <cstring> void initialize(char[],int*); void input(const char[] ,int&); void print ( const char*,const int); void growOlder (const char [], int* ); bool comparePeople(const char* ,const int*,const char*,const int*); int main(){ char name1[25]; char name2[25]; int age1; int age2; initialize (name1,&age1); initialize (name2,&age2); print(name1,age1); print(name2,age2); input(name1,age1); input(name2,age2); print(name1,age1); print(name2,age2); growOlder(name2,&age2); if(comparePeople(name1,&age1,name2,&age2)) cout<<"Both People have the same name and age "<<endl; return 0; } void input(const char name[],int &age) { cout<<"Enter a name :"; cin>>name ; cout<<"Enter an age:"; cin>>age; cout<<endl; } void initialize ( char name[],int *age) { name[0]='\0'; *age=0; } void print ( const char name[],const int age ) { cout<<"The Value stored in variable name is :" <<name<<endl <<"The Value stored in variable age is :" <<age<<endl<<endl; } void growOlder(const char name[],int *age) { cout<< name <<" has grown one year older\n\n"; *age++; } bool comparePeople (const char *name1,const int *age1, const char *name2,const int *age2) { return(*age1==*age2 && !strcmp(name1,name2)); }

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  • Optimize MySQL query (ngrams, COUNT(), GROUP BY, ORDER BY)

    - by Gerardo
    I have a database with thousands of companies and their locations. I have implemented n-grams to optimize search. I am making one query to retrieve all the companies that match with the search query and another one to get a list with their locations and the number of companies in each location. The query I am trying to optimize is the latter. Maybe the problem is this: Every company ('anunciante') has a field ('estado') to make logical deletes. So, if 'estado' equals 1, the company should be retrieved. When I run the EXPLAIN command, it shows that it goes through almost 40k rows, when the actual result (the reality matching companies) are 80. How can I optimize this? This is my query (XXX represent the n-grams for the search query): SELECT provincias.provincia AS provincia, provincias.id, COUNT(*) AS cantidad FROM anunciantes JOIN anunciante_invertido AS a_i0 ON anunciantes.id = a_i0.id_anunciante JOIN indice_invertido AS indice0 ON a_i0.id_invertido = indice0.id LEFT OUTER JOIN domicilios ON anunciantes.id = domicilios.id_anunciante LEFT OUTER JOIN localidades ON domicilios.id_localidad = localidades.id LEFT OUTER JOIN provincias ON provincias.id = localidades.id_provincia WHERE anunciantes.estado = 1 AND indice0.id IN (SELECT invertido_ngrama.id_palabra FROM invertido_ngrama JOIN ngrama ON ngrama.id = invertido_ngrama.id_ngrama WHERE ngrama.ngrama = 'XXX') AND indice0.id IN (SELECT invertido_ngrama.id_palabra FROM invertido_ngrama JOIN ngrama ON ngrama.id = invertido_ngrama.id_ngrama WHERE ngrama.ngrama = 'XXX') AND indice0.id IN (SELECT invertido_ngrama.id_palabra FROM invertido_ngrama JOIN ngrama ON ngrama.id = invertido_ngrama.id_ngrama WHERE ngrama.ngrama = 'XXX') AND indice0.id IN (SELECT invertido_ngrama.id_palabra FROM invertido_ngrama JOIN ngrama ON ngrama.id = invertido_ngrama.id_ngrama WHERE ngrama.ngrama = 'XXX') AND indice0.id IN (SELECT invertido_ngrama.id_palabra FROM invertido_ngrama JOIN ngrama ON ngrama.id = invertido_ngrama.id_ngrama WHERE ngrama.ngrama = 'XXX') GROUP BY provincias.id ORDER BY cantidad DESC And this is the query explained (hope it can be read in this format): id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY anunciantes ref PRIMARY,estado estado 1 const 36669 Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort 1 PRIMARY domicilios ref id_anunciante id_anunciante 4 db84771_viaempresas.anunciantes.id 1 1 PRIMARY localidades eq_ref PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 db84771_viaempresas.domicilios.id_localidad 1 1 PRIMARY provincias eq_ref PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 db84771_viaempresas.localidades.id_provincia 1 1 PRIMARY a_i0 ref PRIMARY,id_anunciante,id_invertido PRIMARY 4 db84771_viaempresas.anunciantes.id 1 Using where; Using index 1 PRIMARY indice0 eq_ref PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 db84771_viaempresas.a_i0.id_invertido 1 Using index 6 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY ngrama const PRIMARY,ngrama ngrama 5 const 1 Using index 6 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY invertido_ngrama eq_ref PRIMARY,id_palabra,id_ngrama PRIMARY 8 func,const 1 Using index 5 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY ngrama const PRIMARY,ngrama ngrama 5 const 1 Using index 5 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY invertido_ngrama eq_ref PRIMARY,id_palabra,id_ngrama PRIMARY 8 func,const 1 Using index 4 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY ngrama const PRIMARY,ngrama ngrama 5 const 1 Using index 4 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY invertido_ngrama eq_ref PRIMARY,id_palabra,id_ngrama PRIMARY 8 func,const 1 Using index 3 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY ngrama const PRIMARY,ngrama ngrama 5 const 1 Using index 3 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY invertido_ngrama eq_ref PRIMARY,id_palabra,id_ngrama PRIMARY 8 func,const 1 Using index 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY ngrama const PRIMARY,ngrama ngrama 5 const 1 Using index 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY invertido_ngrama eq_ref PRIMARY,id_palabra,id_ngrama PRIMARY 8 func,const 1 Using index

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  • C++ [] array operator with multiple arguments?

    - by genesys
    Can I define in C++ an array operator that takes multiple arguments? I tried it like this: const T& operator[](const int i, const int j, const int k) const{ return m_cells[k*m_resSqr+j*m_res+i]; } T& operator[](const int i, const int j, const int k){ return m_cells[k*m_resSqr+j*m_res+i]; } But I'm getting this error: error C2804 binary operator '[' has too many parameters

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  • How to layout class definition when inheriting from multiple interfaces

    - by gabr
    Given two interface definitions ... IOmniWorkItem = interface ['{3CE2762F-B7A3-4490-BF22-2109C042EAD1}'] function GetData: TOmniValue; function GetResult: TOmniValue; function GetUniqueID: int64; procedure SetResult(const value: TOmniValue); // procedure Cancel; function DetachException: Exception; function FatalException: Exception; function IsCanceled: boolean; function IsExceptional: boolean; property Data: TOmniValue read GetData; property Result: TOmniValue read GetResult write SetResult; property UniqueID: int64 read GetUniqueID; end; IOmniWorkItemEx = interface ['{3B48D012-CF1C-4B47-A4A0-3072A9067A3E}'] function GetOnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; procedure SetOnWorkItemDone(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); procedure SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); // property OnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone write SetOnWorkItemDone; property OnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy write SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy; end; ... what are your ideas of laying out class declaration that inherits from both of them? My current idea (but I don't know if I'm happy with it): TOmniWorkItem = class(TInterfacedObject, IOmniWorkItem, IOmniWorkItemEx) strict private FData : TOmniValue; FOnWorkItemDone : TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; FOnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; FResult : TOmniValue; FUniqueID : int64; strict protected procedure FreeException; protected //IOmniWorkItem function GetData: TOmniValue; function GetResult: TOmniValue; function GetUniqueID: int64; procedure SetResult(const value: TOmniValue); protected //IOmniWorkItemEx function GetOnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; procedure SetOnWorkItemDone(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); procedure SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); public constructor Create(const data: TOmniValue; uniqueID: int64); destructor Destroy; override; public //IOmniWorkItem procedure Cancel; function DetachException: Exception; function FatalException: Exception; function IsCanceled: boolean; function IsExceptional: boolean; property Data: TOmniValue read GetData; property Result: TOmniValue read GetResult write SetResult; property UniqueID: int64 read GetUniqueID; public //IOmniWorkItemEx property OnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone write SetOnWorkItemDone; property OnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy write SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy; end; As noted in answers, composition is a good approach for this example but I'm not sure it applies in all cases. Sometimes I'm using multiple inheritance just to split read and write access to some property into public (typically read-only) and private (typically write-only) part. Does composition still apply here? I'm not really sure as I would have to move the property in question out from the main class and I'm not sure that's the correct way to do it. Example: // public part of the interface interface IOmniWorkItemConfig = interface function OnExecute(const aTask: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone_Asy(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; end; // private part of the interface IOmniWorkItemConfigEx = interface ['{42CEC5CB-404F-4868-AE81-6A13AD7E3C6B}'] function GetOnExecute: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; end; // implementing class TOmniWorkItemConfig = class(TInterfacedObject, IOmniWorkItemConfig, IOmniWorkItemConfigEx) strict private FOnExecute : TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate; FOnRequestDone : TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; FOnRequestDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; public constructor Create(defaults: IOmniWorkItemConfig = nil); public //IOmniWorkItemConfig function OnExecute(const aTask: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone_Asy(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; public //IOmniWorkItemConfigEx function GetOnExecute: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; end;

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  • Is it a good idea to return " const char * " from a function?

    - by AJ
    Now I have a function that has to return a string. I saw a particular implementation where he returns a const char * from the function. Something like this: const char * GetSomeString() { ........ return somestlstring.c_str(); } SomeOtherFoo () { const char * tmp = GetSomeString(); string s = tmp; } Now I felt there is something potentially wrong with this. Is my gut feel right? or Is this a perfectly safe code? Kindly give me ur suggestions. I have a feeling return const char * this way might result in havoc.. Thanks, Arjun

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  • why no implicit conversion from pointer to reference to const pointer.

    - by user316606
    I'll illustrate my question with code: #include <iostream> void PrintInt(const unsigned char*& ptr) { int data = 0; ::memcpy(&data, ptr, sizeof(data)); // advance the pointer reference. ptr += sizeof(data); std::cout << std::hex << data << " " << std::endl; } int main(int, char**) { unsigned char buffer[] = { 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, }; /* const */ unsigned char* ptr = buffer; PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... return 0; } When I run this code (in VS2008) I get this: error C2664: 'PrintInt' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'unsigned char *' to 'const unsigned char *&'. If I uncomment the "const" comment it works fine. However shouldn't pointer implicitly convert into const pointer and then reference be taken? Am I wrong in expecting this to work? Thanks!

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  • Binary Cosine Cofficient

    - by hairyyak
    I was given the following forumulae for calculating this sim=|QnD| / v|Q|v|D| I went ahed and implemented a class to compare strings consisting of a series of words #pragma once #include <vector> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class StringSet { public: StringSet(void); StringSet( const string the_strings[], const int no_of_strings); ~StringSet(void); StringSet( const vector<string> the_strings); void add_string( const string the_string); bool remove_string( const string the_string); void clear_set(void); int no_of_strings(void) const; friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, StringSet& the_strings); friend StringSet operator *(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second); friend StringSet operator +(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second); double binary_coefficient( const StringSet& the_second_set); private: vector<string> set; }; #include "StdAfx.h" #include "StringSet.h" #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> #include <stdexcept> #include <iostream> #include <cmath> StringSet::StringSet(void) { } StringSet::~StringSet(void) { } StringSet::StringSet( const vector<string> the_strings) { set = the_strings; } StringSet::StringSet( const string the_strings[], const int no_of_strings) { copy( the_strings, &the_strings[no_of_strings], back_inserter(set)); } void StringSet::add_string( const string the_string) { try { if( find( set.begin(), set.end(), the_string) == set.end()) { set.push_back(the_string); } else { //String is already in the set. throw domain_error("String is already in the set"); } } catch( domain_error e) { cout << e.what(); exit(1); } } bool StringSet::remove_string( const string the_string) { //Found the occurrence of the string. return it an iterator pointing to it. vector<string>::iterator iter; if( ( iter = find( set.begin(), set.end(), the_string) ) != set.end()) { set.erase(iter); return true; } return false; } void StringSet::clear_set(void) { set.clear(); } int StringSet::no_of_strings(void) const { return set.size(); } ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, StringSet& the_strings) { vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter = the_strings.set.begin(); for( ; const_iter != the_strings.set.end(); const_iter++) { cout << *const_iter << " "; } cout << endl; return outs; } //This function returns the union of the two string sets. StringSet operator *(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second) { vector<string> new_string_set; new_string_set = first.set; for( unsigned int i = 0; i < second.set.size(); i++) { vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter = find(new_string_set.begin(), new_string_set.end(), second.set[i]); //String is new - include it. if( const_iter == new_string_set.end() ) { new_string_set.push_back(second.set[i]); } } StringSet the_set(new_string_set); return the_set; } //This method returns the intersection of the two string sets. StringSet operator +(const StringSet& first, const StringSet& second) { //For each string in the first string look though the second and see if //there is a matching pair, in which case include the string in the set. vector<string> new_string_set; vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter = first.set.begin(); for ( ; const_iter != first.set.end(); ++const_iter) { //Then search through the entire second string to see if //there is a duplicate. vector<string>::const_iterator const_iter2 = second.set.begin(); for( ; const_iter2 != second.set.end(); const_iter2++) { if( *const_iter == *const_iter2 ) { new_string_set.push_back(*const_iter); } } } StringSet new_set(new_string_set); return new_set; } double StringSet::binary_coefficient( const StringSet& the_second_set) { double coefficient; StringSet intersection = the_second_set + set; coefficient = intersection.no_of_strings() / sqrt((double) no_of_strings()) * sqrt((double)the_second_set.no_of_strings()); return coefficient; } However when I try and calculate the coefficient using the following main function: // Exercise13.cpp : main project file. #include "stdafx.h" #include <boost/regex.hpp> #include "StringSet.h" using namespace System; using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices; using namespace boost; //This function takes as input a string, which //is then broken down into a series of words //where the punctuaction is ignored. StringSet break_string( const string the_string) { regex re; cmatch matches; StringSet words; string search_pattern = "\\b(\\w)+\\b"; try { // Assign the regular expression for parsing. re = search_pattern; } catch( regex_error& e) { cout << search_pattern << " is not a valid regular expression: \"" << e.what() << "\"" << endl; exit(1); } sregex_token_iterator p(the_string.begin(), the_string.end(), re, 0); sregex_token_iterator end; for( ; p != end; ++p) { string new_string(p->first, p->second); String^ copy_han = gcnew String(new_string.c_str()); String^ copy_han2 = copy_han->ToLower(); char* str2 = (char*)(void*)Marshal::StringToHGlobalAnsi(copy_han2); string new_string2(str2); words.add_string(new_string2); } return words; } int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { StringSet words = break_string("Here is a string, with some; words"); StringSet words2 = break_string("There is another string,"); cout << words.binary_coefficient(words2); return 0; } I get an index which is 1.5116 rather than a value from 0 to 1. Does anybody have a clue why this is the case? Any help would be appreciated.

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