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  • Get default value of class member ( C# )

    - by Ruben Aster
    Let's assume I have a class ClassWithMember class ClassWithMember { int myIntMember = 10; } How do I get the default value 10 of the myIntMember member by System.Type? I'm currently struggling around with reflections by all I retreive is the default value of int (0) not the classes default member (10)..

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  • Kohana 3 - Getting value from URL

    - by pigfox
    I have log in functionality that will check for a session, if it not there the user will be redirected via Request::instance()-redirect('managers/error/1'); In the error action in the managers controller I can't get the value 1 which represents a specific error msg. How can I capture the value "1" from the url, I'm only using standard routes.

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  • How to get value of href in Jquery

    - by user342391
    I am trying to grab the value of my href in jquery how is it done'? This is what I have done: $('#playbackbutton').click( function() { $("#playbackdiv").load("$('a:href').val();", [], function(){ $("#playbackdiv").dialog("open"); } ); return false; } I need to get the value of the href in my a tag. here is the html: <a href="/record/123.wav">play</a>

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  • Where is the value of OEA

    - by [email protected]
    In a room full of architects, if you were to ask for the definition of enterprise architecture, or the importance thereof,  you are likely to get a number of varying view points ranging from,  a complete analysis of the digital assets of an organization,  to, a strategic alignment of business goals/objectives to IT initiatives.  Similiarily in a room full of senior business executives,  if you asked them how they see their IT groups and their effectiveness to align to business strategy,  you would get a myriad of responses,  ranging from, “a huge drain on our bottom line”, “always more expensive than budgeted”, “lack of agility,  by the time IT is ready,  my business strategy has changed”, and on the rare occurrence, “ a leader of innovation,  that is lock step with my business strategy”. However does this necessarily demonstrate the overall value of enterprise architecture.  Having a framework, and process is of critical importance to help produce a number of the artefacts that ultimately align technology goals and initiatives to business strategy,  however,  is that really where the value is?  I believe that first we need to understand the concept of value.  Value typically is a measure of sorts,  when we purchase a product it’s value is equivalent to the maximum amount that someone is willing to pay for the product,  however,  is the same equation valid in terms of the business value of enterprise architecture? Is the library of artefacts generated through a process/framework, inclusive of a strategic roadmap to realize the enterprise architecture where the value is? If we agree that enterprise architecture is the alignment of IT and IT assets to support business strategy, and by achieving our business strategy, we have we have increased the business value of the enterprise then;  it seems that, in order to really identify the true value of an enterprise architecture,  we need to understand how we measure business value .  A number of formal measurement methodologies exist for this purpose, business models, balanced scorecards, etc   After we have an understanding on how to measure the business value of each of the organizational units within an enterprise, then we understand how the enterprise architecture contributes to the success of business strategy,  and EXECUTE on the roadmap to implement, and deliver the IT initiatives that provide MEASUREABLE returns, As we analyse the value chain of each of the individual organizational units within the enterprise we may identify how that unit has performed by quantitatively measuring it proximity to achieving the goals defined by the business for each unit. However, It would appear that true business value (the aggregate of all of the business units in the value chain), is to some degree subjectively measured  as for public companies this lies in shareholder value,  as the true value, or be it, the maximum amount that someone would pay for shares of an organization.

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  • .NET How can i set field value on value type using reflection

    - by soccerazy
    .NET I want to clone a value type's fields. How can i set a field value on a value type using reflection (or something else dynamically)? This works for reference types but not for value types. I understand why but I don't know an alternative. shared function clone(of t)(original as t) as t dim cloned as t 'if class then execute parameterless constructor if getType(t).isClass then cloned = reflector.construct(of t)() dim public_fields = original.getType.getFields() for each field in public_fields dim original_value = field.getValue(original) 'this won't work for value type, but it does work for reference type ??? field.setValue(cloned, original_value) next return cloned end function

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  • How to sketch out an event-driven system?

    - by Jordan
    I'm trying to design a system in Node.js (an attempt at solving one of my earlier problems, using Node's concurrency) but I'm running into trouble figuring out how to draw a plan of how the thing should operate. I'm getting very tripped up thinking in terms of callbacks instead of returned values. The flow isn't linear, and it's really boggling my ability to draft it. How does one draw out an operational flow for an event-driven system? I need something I can look at and say "Ok, yes, that's how it will work. I'll start it over here, and it will give me back these results over here." Pictures would be very helpful for this one. Thanks. Edit: I'm looking for something more granular than UML, specifically, something that will help me transition from a blocking and object-oriented programming structure, where I'm comfortable, to a non-blocking and event driven structure, where I'm unfamiliar.

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  • Powerbuilder : How to compare the old value and new value of a column in data window

    - by Archangel
    Suppose I have a datawindow object which is attached to a datawindow control named 'dw_detail". This object uses grid presentation style and has a database column named 'found'. Now when a user modifies that column's value, I want to compare it with the original value that was fetched from the database. I know I can access the value of that column as 'dw_detail.object.found[row_no]'. Now I am trying to access the original value of the column as 'dw_detail.object.found.original[row_no]', but it is not working. It is not giving any compiling error, but when I debugged, 'dw_detail.object.found.original[row_no]' contains no values. How can I access the original value of that column?

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  • Observing an NSMutableArray for insertion/removal

    - by Adam Ernst
    A class has a property (and instance var) of type NSMutableArray with synthesized accessors (via @property). If you observe this array using: [myObj addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"theArray" options:0 context:NULL]; And then insert an object in the array like this: [[myObj theArray] addObject:[NSString string]]; An observeValueForKeyPath... notification is not sent. However, the following does send the proper notification: [[myObj mutableArrayValueForKey:@"theArray"] addObject:[NSString string]]; This is because mutableArrayValueForKey returns a proxy object that takes care of notifying observers. But shouldn't the synthesized accessors automatically return such a proxy object? What's the proper way to work around this--should I write a custom accessor that just invokes [super mutableArrayValueForKey...]?

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  • How to learn to estimate how long assigments will take?

    - by SDGator
    This might be out of scope for this website. If it is, let me know and I'll remove the question. After 15 years in the industry, I still suck at answering the question "How long do you think X will take?" For scheduling purposes, we always have to give an estimate of how long different sub-tasks in a project will take. What's the best way to get better at estimating how long it will take to do something? Some people are really good at this. Are there any books, techniques or whatever that people use to get better at this?

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  • using KVO to filter an NSTableView using NSPredicate (with arrays)

    - by KingRufus
    My UI is not updating when I expect it to. The application displays "projects" using a view similar to iTunes -- a source list on the left lets you filter a list (NSTableView) on the right. My filters update properly when they are examining any simple field (like name, a string), but not for arrays (like tags). I'm removing a tag from one of my objects (from an NSMutableArray field called "tags") and I expect it to disappear from the list because it no longer matches the predicate that is bound to my table's NSArrayController. ProjectBrowser.mm: self.filter = NSPredicate* srcPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%@ IN %K", selectedTag, @"tags"]; Project.mm: [self willChangeValueForKey:@"tags"]; [tags removeAllObjects]; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"tags"]; I've also tried this, but the result is the same: [[self mutableArrayValueForKey:@"tags"] removeAllObjects]; Interface Builder setup: a ProjectBrowser object is the XIB's File Owner an NSArrayController (Project Controller) has its Content Array bound to "File's Owner".projects Project Controller's filter predicate is bound to "File's Owner".filter NSTableView's column is bound to "Project Controller".name

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  • Problem getting value from "Checkbox group value prompt"

    - by Veer
    Hi, I've value prompt with ui:checkbox group parameter: p_IsLastMonth Name: Prompt_IsLastMonth ItemCount: 1; UseValue:Yes, DisplayValue: LastMonth? and two Date Prompts. Whenever the checkbox is checked, the UseValue 'Yes' is passed to the parameter 'p_IsLastMonth'. But whenever the checkbox is left as it is, it results in an error. Element 'selectOptions' is not valid for content model: 'All(style,defaultSelections,conditionalStyles,conditionalRender,XMLAttributes)' I also tried giving a default value. But the default value has to be in the collection. But i want only one checkbox to be displayed. I tried with html checkbox. But i'm not able to send the value 'either yes or no' to the parameter through javascript because however the finish button overrides the value. Any help?

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  • using KVO to update an NSTableView filtered by an NSPredicate

    - by KingRufus
    My UI is not updating when I expect it to. The application displays "projects" using a view similar to iTunes -- a source list on the left lets you filter a list (NSTableView) on the right. My filters update properly when they are examining any simple field (like name, a string), but not for arrays (like tags). I'm removing a tag from one of my objects (from an NSMutableArray field called "tags") and I expect it to disappear from the list because it no longer matches the predicate that is bound to my table's NSArrayController. ProjectBrowser.mm: self.filter = NSPredicate* srcPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%@ IN %K", selectedTag, @"tags"]; Project.mm: [self willChangeValueForKey:@"tags"]; [tags removeAllObjects]; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"tags"]; I've also tried this, but the result is the same: [[self mutableArrayValueForKey:@"tags"] removeAllObjects]; Interface Builder setup: a ProjectBrowser object is the XIB's File Owner an NSArrayController (Project Controller) has its Content Array bound to "File's Owner".projects Project Controller's filter predicate is bound to "File's Owner".filter NSTableView's column is bound to "Project Controller".name

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  • SQL Design: representing a default value with overrides?

    - by Mark Harrison
    I need a sparse table which contains a set of "override" values for another table. I also need to specify the default value for the items overridden. For example, if the default value is 17, then foo,bar,baz will have the values 17,21,17: table "things" table "xvalue" name stuff name xval ---- ----- ---- ---- foo ... bar 21 bar ... baz ... If I don't care about a FK from xvalue.name - things.name, I could simply put a "DEFAULT" name: table "xvalue" name xval ---- ---- DEFAULT 17 bar 21 But I like having a FK. I could have a separate default table, but it seems odd to have 2x the number of tables. table "xvalue_default" xval ---- 17 table "xvalue" name xval ---- ---- bar 21 I could have a "defaults table" tablename attributename defaultvalue xvalue xval 17 but then I run into type issues on defaultvalue. My operations guys prefer as compact a representation as possible, so they can most easily see the "diff" or deviations from the default. What's the best way to represent this, including the default value? This will be for Oracle 10.2 if that makes a difference.

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  • unable to return 'true' value in C function

    - by Byron
    If Im trying to check an input 5 byte array (p) against a 5 byte array stored in flash (data), using the following function (e2CheckPINoverride), to simply return either a true or false value. But it seems, no matter what I try, it only returns as 'false'. I call the function here: if (e2CheckPINoverride(pinEntry) == 1){ PTDD_PTDD1 = 1; } else{ PTDD_PTDD1 = 0; } Here is the function: BYTE e2CheckPINoverride(BYTE *p) { BYTE i; BYTE data[5]; if(e2Read(E2_ENABLECODE, data, 5)) { if(data[0] != p[0]) return FALSE; if(data[1] != p[1]) return FALSE; if(data[2] != p[2]) return FALSE; if(data[3] != p[3]) return FALSE; if(data[4] != p[4]) return FALSE; } return TRUE; } I have already assigned true and false in the defines.h file: #ifndef TRUE #define TRUE ((UCHAR)1) #endif #ifndef FALSE #define FALSE ((UCHAR)0) #endif and where typedef unsigned char UCHAR; when i step through the code, it performs all the checks correctly, it passes in the correct value, compares it correctly and then breaks at the correct point, but is unable to process the return value of true? please help?

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  • ASP.NET MVC 2 / Localization / Dynamic Default Value?

    - by cyberblast
    Hello In an ASP.NET MVC 2 application, i'm having a route like this: routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new // Parameter defaults { controller = "Home", action = "Index", lang = "de", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { lang = new AllowedValuesRouteConstraint(new string[] { "de", "en", "fr", "it" }, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) } Now, basically I would like to set the thread's culture according the language passed in. But there is one exception: If the user requests the page for the first time, like calling "http://www.mysite.com" I want to set the initial language if possible to the one "preferred by the browser". How can I distinguish in an early procesing stage (like global.asax), if the default parameter has been set because of the default value or mentioned explicit through the URL? (I would prefer a solution where the request URL is not getting parsed). Is there a way to dynamically provide a default-value for a paramter? Something like a hook? Or where can I override the default value (good application event?). This is the code i'm actually experimenting with: protected void Application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e) { string activeLanguage; string[] validLanguages; string defaultLanguage; string browsersPreferredLanguage; try { HttpContextBase contextBase = new HttpContextWrapper(Context); RouteData activeRoute = RouteTable.Routes.GetRouteData(new HttpContextWrapper(Context)); if (activeRoute == null) { return; } activeLanguage = activeRoute.GetRequiredString("lang"); Route route = (Route)activeRoute.Route; validLanguages = ((AllowedValuesRouteConstraint)route.Constraints["lang"]).AllowedValues; defaultLanguage = route.Defaults["lang"].ToString(); browsersPreferredLanguage = GetBrowsersPreferredLanguage(); //TODO: Better way than parsing the url bool defaultInitialized = contextBase.Request.Url.ToString().IndexOf(string.Format("/{0}/", defaultLanguage), StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) > -1; string languageToActivate = defaultLanguage; if (!defaultInitialized) { if (validLanguages.Contains(browsersPreferredLanguage, StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)) { languageToActivate = browsersPreferredLanguage; } } //TODO: Where and how to overwrtie the default value that it gets passed to the controller? contextBase.RewritePath(contextBase.Request.Path.Replace("/de/", "/en/")); SetLanguage(languageToActivate); } catch (Exception ex) { //TODO: Log Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } } protected string GetBrowsersPreferredLanguage() { string acceptedLang = string.Empty; if (HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages != null && HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages.Length > 0) { acceptedLang = HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages[0].Substring(0, 2); } return acceptedLang; } protected void SetLanguage(string languageToActivate) { CultureInfo cultureInfo = new CultureInfo(languageToActivate); if (!Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.TwoLetterISOLanguageName.Equals(languageToActivate, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureInfo; } if (!Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TwoLetterISOLanguageName.Equals(languageToActivate, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureInfo.Name); } } The RouteConstraint to reproduce the sample: public class AllowedValuesRouteConstraint : IRouteConstraint { private string[] _allowedValues; private StringComparison _stringComparism; public string[] AllowedValues { get { return _allowedValues; } } public AllowedValuesRouteConstraint(string[] allowedValues, StringComparison stringComparism) { _allowedValues = allowedValues; _stringComparism = stringComparism; } public AllowedValuesRouteConstraint(string[] allowedValues) { _allowedValues = allowedValues; _stringComparism = StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase; } public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) { if (_allowedValues != null) { return _allowedValues.Any(a => a.Equals(values[parameterName].ToString(), _stringComparism)); } else { return false; } } } Can someone help me out with that problem? Thanks, Martin

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  • value of Identity column returning null when retrieved by value in dataGridView

    - by Raven Dreamer
    Greetings. I'm working on a windows forms application that interacts with a previously created SQL database. Specifically, I'm working on implementing an "UPDATE" query. for (int i = 0; i < dataGridView1.RowCount; i++) { string firstName = (string)dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[0].Value; string lastName = (string)dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[1].Value; string phoneNo = (string)dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[2].Value; short idVal = (short)dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[3].Value; this.contactInfoTableAdapter.UpdateQuery(firstName, lastName, phoneNo, idVal); } The dataGridView has 4 columns, First Name, Last Name, Phone Number, and ID (which was created as an identity column when I initially formed the table in SQL). When I try to run this code, the three strings are returned properly, but dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[3].Value is returning "null". I'm guessing this is because it was created as an identity column rather than a normal column. What's a better way to retrieve the relevant ID value for my UpdateQuery?

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  • Asp.net Hidden field not having value in code behind, but *is* retaining value after postbacks

    - by KallDrexx
    In my ASCX, I have an asp.net hidden field defined as <asp:HiddenField ID="hdnNewAsset" runat="server" />. In the Code Behind I have the following code: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { _service = new ArticleDataService(PortalId); if (!IsPostBack) { string rawId = Request[ArticleQueryParams.ArticleId]; DisplayArticleDetails(rawId); } if (hdnNewAsset.Value.Trim() != string.Empty) ProcessNewAsset(); } Now, in my frontend, I have a javascript function to react to an event and set the hidden field and trigger a postback: function assetSelected(assetGuid) { $('input[id*="hdnNewAsset"]').val(assetGuid); __doPostBack() } What's happening is that my hidden field is being set in the markup (chrome shows [ <input type=?"hidden" name=?"dnn$ctr466$Main$ctl00$hdnNewAsset" id=?"dnn_ctr466_Main_ctl00_hdnNewAsset" value=?"98d88e72-088c-40a4-9022-565a53dc33c4">? ] for $('input[id*="hdnNewAsset"]')). However, when the postback occurs, hdnNewAsset.Value is an empty string. What's even more puzzling is that at the beginning of Page_Load Request.Params["dnn$ctr466$Main$ctl00$hdnNewAsset"] shows 98d88e72-088c-40a4-9022-565a53dc33c4, and after the postback my hidden field has the same value (so the hidden field is persisting across postbacks), yet I cannot access this value via hdnNewAsset.Value. Can anyone see what I"m doing wrong?

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  • Name for method that takes a string value and returns DBNull.Value || string

    - by David Murdoch
    I got tired of writing the following code: /* Commenting out irrelevant parts public string MiddleName; public void Save(){ SqlCommand = new SqlCommand(); // blah blah...boring INSERT statement with params etc go here. */ if(MiddleName==null){ myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", DBNull.Value); } else{ myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", MiddleName); } /* // more boring code to save to DB. }*/ So, I wrote this: public static object DBNullValueorStringIfNotNull(string value) { object o; if (value == null) { o = DBNull.Value; } else { o = value; } return o; } // which would be called like: myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", DBNullValueorStringIfNotNull(MiddleName)); If this is a good way to go about doing this then what would you suggest as the method name? DBNullValueorStringIfNotNull is a bit verbose and confusing. I'm also open to ways to alleviate this problem entirely. I'd LOVE to do this: myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", MiddleName==null ? DBNull.Value : MiddleName); but that won't work. I've got C# 3.5 and SQL Server 2005 at my disposal if it matters.

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  • Firefox does not load certificate chain

    - by TimWolla
    I'm running lighttpd/1.4.28 (ssl) on Debian Squeeze. I just created a http://startssl.com certificate, I runs fine at all of my Browsers (Firefox, Chrome, Opera), but my users are reporting certificate-errors in Firefox. I already nailed it down to a failing of loading of the certificate chain: Certificate at my Firefox: http://i.stack.imgur.com/moR5x.png Certificate at others Firefox: http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZVoIu.png (Note the missing StartCOM-certificates here) I followed this tutorial for embedding the certificate in my lighttpd: https://forum.startcom.org/viewtopic.php?t=719 The relevant parts of my lighttpd.conf look like this: $SERVER["socket"] == ":443" { ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.ca-file = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/ca-bundle.pem" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.bisaboard.crt" } ca-bundle.pem was created like this: cat ca.pem sub.class1.server.ca.pem > ca-bundle.pem I grabbed the relevant files from here: http://www.startssl.com/certs/ www.bisaboard.crt was created like this: cat certificate.pem ssl.key > www.bisaboard.crt Where certificate.pem is my StartSSL-Class1 Certificate and ssl.key my SSL-Root-Key. Do you have any idea why the second Firefox does not correctly load the certificate-chain?

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  • How to use chain.p7b with Apache?

    - by Debianuser
    I wanted to setup a SSL website on Apache and applied for a certificate from my local ISP. All they sent me was a single file named chain.p7b. I have always used certificates from other vendors without any issues but they usually provide two files to be configured as SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateChainFile in Apache. Following instructions from several online resources, I opened the p7b file in Windows and extracted 4 certificates from the file. I then tried configuring Apache with one of the files and it worked, but shows a warning: The certificate is not trusted because no issuer chain was provided. I though I have to use remaining 3 files as SSLCertificateChainFile and/or SSLCACertificateFile. I tried that but it didn't work so I am assuming it might be something completely different. Anyone faced this issue before? The following page http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21458997 talks about using a keystore but is that relevant to Apache?

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  • An Xml Serializable PropertyBag Dictionary Class for .NET

    - by Rick Strahl
    I don't know about you but I frequently need property bags in my applications to store and possibly cache arbitrary data. Dictionary<T,V> works well for this although I always seem to be hunting for a more specific generic type that provides a string key based dictionary. There's string dictionary, but it only works with strings. There's Hashset<T> but it uses the actual values as keys. In most key value pair situations for me string is key value to work off. Dictionary<T,V> works well enough, but there are some issues with serialization of dictionaries in .NET. The .NET framework doesn't do well serializing IDictionary objects out of the box. The XmlSerializer doesn't support serialization of IDictionary via it's default serialization, and while the DataContractSerializer does support IDictionary serialization it produces some pretty atrocious XML. What doesn't work? First off Dictionary serialization with the Xml Serializer doesn't work so the following fails: [TestMethod] public void DictionaryXmlSerializerTest() { var bag = new Dictionary<string, object>(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42, 45, 66 }); TestContext.WriteLine(this.ToXml(bag)); } public string ToXml(object obj) { if (obj == null) return null; StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType()); ser.Serialize(sw, obj); return sw.ToString(); } The error you get with this is: System.NotSupportedException: The type System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Object, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] is not supported because it implements IDictionary. Got it! BTW, the same is true with binary serialization. Running the same code above against the DataContractSerializer does work: [TestMethod] public void DictionaryDataContextSerializerTest() { var bag = new Dictionary<string, object>(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42, 45, 66 }); TestContext.WriteLine(this.ToXmlDcs(bag)); } public string ToXmlDcs(object value, bool throwExceptions = false) { var ser = new DataContractSerializer(value.GetType(), null, int.MaxValue, true, false, null); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); ser.WriteObject(ms, value); return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray(), 0, (int)ms.Length); } This DOES work but produces some pretty heinous XML (formatted with line breaks and indentation here): <ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringanyType xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>key</Key> <Value i:type="a:string" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Value</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key2</Key> <Value i:type="a:decimal" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">100.10</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key3</Key> <Value i:type="a:guid" xmlns:a="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">2cd46d2a-a636-4af4-979b-e834d39b6d37</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key4</Key> <Value i:type="a:dateTime" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">2011-09-19T17:17:05.4406999-07:00</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key5</Key> <Value i:type="a:boolean" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">true</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key7</Key> <Value i:type="a:base64Binary" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Ki1C</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> </ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringanyType> Ouch! That seriously hurts the eye! :-) Worse though it's extremely verbose with all those repetitive namespace declarations. It's good to know that it works in a pinch, but for a human readable/editable solution or something lightweight to store in a database it's not quite ideal. Why should I care? As a little background, in one of my applications I have a need for a flexible property bag that is used on a free form database field on an otherwise static entity. Basically what I have is a standard database record to which arbitrary properties can be added in an XML based string field. I intend to expose those arbitrary properties as a collection from field data stored in XML. The concept is pretty simple: When loading write the data to the collection, when the data is saved serialize the data into an XML string and store it into the database. When reading the data pick up the XML and if the collection on the entity is accessed automatically deserialize the XML into the Dictionary. (I'll talk more about this in another post). While the DataContext Serializer would work, it's verbosity is problematic both for size of the generated XML strings and the fact that users can manually edit this XML based property data in an advanced mode. A clean(er) layout certainly would be preferable and more user friendly. Custom XMLSerialization with a PropertyBag Class So… after a bunch of experimentation with different serialization formats I decided to create a custom PropertyBag class that provides for a serializable Dictionary. It's basically a custom Dictionary<TType,TValue> implementation with the keys always set as string keys. The result are PropertyBag<TValue> and PropertyBag (which defaults to the object type for values). The PropertyBag<TType> and PropertyBag classes provide these features: Subclassed from Dictionary<T,V> Implements IXmlSerializable with a cleanish XML format ToXml() and FromXml() methods to export and import to and from XML strings Static CreateFromXml() method to create an instance It's simple enough as it's merely a Dictionary<string,object> subclass but that supports serialization to a - what I think at least - cleaner XML format. The class is super simple to use: [TestMethod] public void PropertyBagTwoWayObjectSerializationTest() { var bag = new PropertyBag(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42,45,66 } ); bag.Add("Key8", null); bag.Add("Key9", new ComplexObject() { Name = "Rick", Entered = DateTime.Now, Count = 10 }); string xml = bag.ToXml(); TestContext.WriteLine(bag.ToXml()); bag.Clear(); bag.FromXml(xml); Assert.IsTrue(bag["key"] as string == "Value"); Assert.IsInstanceOfType( bag["Key3"], typeof(Guid)); Assert.IsNull(bag["Key8"]); //Assert.IsNull(bag["Key10"]); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(bag["Key9"], typeof(ComplexObject)); } This uses the PropertyBag class which uses a PropertyBag<string,object> - which means it returns untyped values of type object. I suspect for me this will be the most common scenario as I'd want to store arbitrary values in the PropertyBag rather than one specific type. The same code with a strongly typed PropertyBag<decimal> looks like this: [TestMethod] public void PropertyBagTwoWayValueTypeSerializationTest() { var bag = new PropertyBag<decimal>(); bag.Add("key", 10M); bag.Add("Key1", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key2", 200.10M); bag.Add("Key3", 300.10M); string xml = bag.ToXml(); TestContext.WriteLine(bag.ToXml()); bag.Clear(); bag.FromXml(xml); Assert.IsTrue(bag.Get("Key1") == 100.10M); Assert.IsTrue(bag.Get("Key3") == 300.10M); } and produces typed results of type decimal. The types can be either value or reference types the combination of which actually proved to be a little more tricky than anticipated due to null and specific string value checks required - getting the generic typing right required use of default(T) and Convert.ChangeType() to trick the compiler into playing nice. Of course the whole raison d'etre for this class is the XML serialization. You can see in the code above that we're doing a .ToXml() and .FromXml() to serialize to and from string. The XML produced for the first example looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <properties> <item> <key>key</key> <value>Value</value> </item> <item> <key>Key2</key> <value type="decimal">100.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key3</key> <value type="___System.Guid"> <guid>f7a92032-0c6d-4e9d-9950-b15ff7cd207d</guid> </value> </item> <item> <key>Key4</key> <value type="datetime">2011-09-26T17:45:58.5789578-10:00</value> </item> <item> <key>Key5</key> <value type="boolean">true</value> </item> <item> <key>Key7</key> <value type="base64Binary">Ki1C</value> </item> <item> <key>Key8</key> <value type="nil" /> </item> <item> <key>Key9</key> <value type="___Westwind.Tools.Tests.PropertyBagTest+ComplexObject"> <ComplexObject> <Name>Rick</Name> <Entered>2011-09-26T17:45:58.5789578-10:00</Entered> <Count>10</Count> </ComplexObject> </value> </item> </properties>   The format is a bit cleaner than the DataContractSerializer. Each item is serialized into <key> <value> pairs. If the value is a string no type information is written. Since string tends to be the most common type this saves space and serialization processing. All other types are attributed. Simple types are mapped to XML types so things like decimal, datetime, boolean and base64Binary are encoded using their Xml type values. All other types are embedded with a hokey format that describes the .NET type preceded by a three underscores and then are encoded using the XmlSerializer. You can see this best above in the ComplexObject encoding. For custom types this isn't pretty either, but it's more concise than the DCS and it works as long as you're serializing back and forth between .NET clients at least. The XML generated from the second example that uses PropertyBag<decimal> looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <properties> <item> <key>key</key> <value type="decimal">10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key1</key> <value type="decimal">100.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key2</key> <value type="decimal">200.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key3</key> <value type="decimal">300.10</value> </item> </properties>   How does it work As I mentioned there's nothing fancy about this solution - it's little more than a subclass of Dictionary<T,V> that implements custom Xml Serialization and a couple of helper methods that facilitate getting the XML in and out of the class more easily. But it's proven very handy for a number of projects for me where dynamic data storage is required. Here's the code: /// <summary> /// Creates a serializable string/object dictionary that is XML serializable /// Encodes keys as element names and values as simple values with a type /// attribute that contains an XML type name. Complex names encode the type /// name with type='___namespace.classname' format followed by a standard xml /// serialized format. The latter serialization can be slow so it's not recommended /// to pass complex types if performance is critical. /// </summary> [XmlRoot("properties")] public class PropertyBag : PropertyBag<object> { /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of a propertybag from an Xml string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml">Serialize</param> /// <returns></returns> public static PropertyBag CreateFromXml(string xml) { var bag = new PropertyBag(); bag.FromXml(xml); return bag; } } /// <summary> /// Creates a serializable string for generic types that is XML serializable. /// /// Encodes keys as element names and values as simple values with a type /// attribute that contains an XML type name. Complex names encode the type /// name with type='___namespace.classname' format followed by a standard xml /// serialized format. The latter serialization can be slow so it's not recommended /// to pass complex types if performance is critical. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TValue">Must be a reference type. For value types use type object</typeparam> [XmlRoot("properties")] public class PropertyBag<TValue> : Dictionary<string, TValue>, IXmlSerializable { /// <summary> /// Not implemented - this means no schema information is passed /// so this won't work with ASMX/WCF services. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null; } /// <summary> /// Serializes the dictionary to XML. Keys are /// serialized to element names and values as /// element values. An xml type attribute is embedded /// for each serialized element - a .NET type /// element is embedded for each complex type and /// prefixed with three underscores. /// </summary> /// <param name="writer"></param> public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer) { foreach (string key in this.Keys) { TValue value = this[key]; Type type = null; if (value != null) type = value.GetType(); writer.WriteStartElement("item"); writer.WriteStartElement("key"); writer.WriteString(key as string); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteStartElement("value"); string xmlType = XmlUtils.MapTypeToXmlType(type); bool isCustom = false; // Type information attribute if not string if (value == null) { writer.WriteAttributeString("type", "nil"); } else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlType)) { if (xmlType != "string") { writer.WriteStartAttribute("type"); writer.WriteString(xmlType); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } } else { isCustom = true; xmlType = "___" + value.GetType().FullName; writer.WriteStartAttribute("type"); writer.WriteString(xmlType); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } // Actual deserialization if (!isCustom) { if (value != null) writer.WriteValue(value); } else { XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(value.GetType()); ser.Serialize(writer, value); } writer.WriteEndElement(); // value writer.WriteEndElement(); // item } } /// <summary> /// Reads the custom serialized format /// </summary> /// <param name="reader"></param> public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader) { this.Clear(); while (reader.Read()) { if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.Name == "key") { string xmlType = null; string name = reader.ReadElementContentAsString(); // item element reader.ReadToNextSibling("value"); if (reader.MoveToNextAttribute()) xmlType = reader.Value; reader.MoveToContent(); TValue value; if (xmlType == "nil") value = default(TValue); // null else if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlType)) { // value is a string or object and we can assign TValue to value string strval = reader.ReadElementContentAsString(); value = (TValue) Convert.ChangeType(strval, typeof(TValue)); } else if (xmlType.StartsWith("___")) { while (reader.Read() && reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element) { } Type type = ReflectionUtils.GetTypeFromName(xmlType.Substring(3)); //value = reader.ReadElementContentAs(type,null); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(type); value = (TValue)ser.Deserialize(reader); } else value = (TValue)reader.ReadElementContentAs(XmlUtils.MapXmlTypeToType(xmlType), null); this.Add(name, value); } } } /// <summary> /// Serializes this dictionary to an XML string /// </summary> /// <returns>XML String or Null if it fails</returns> public string ToXml() { string xml = null; SerializationUtils.SerializeObject(this, out xml); return xml; } /// <summary> /// Deserializes from an XML string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml"></param> /// <returns>true or false</returns> public bool FromXml(string xml) { this.Clear(); // if xml string is empty we return an empty dictionary if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xml)) return true; var result = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(xml, this.GetType()) as PropertyBag<TValue>; if (result != null) { foreach (var item in result) { this.Add(item.Key, item.Value); } } else // null is a failure return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of a propertybag from an Xml string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static PropertyBag<TValue> CreateFromXml(string xml) { var bag = new PropertyBag<TValue>(); bag.FromXml(xml); return bag; } } } The code uses a couple of small helper classes SerializationUtils and XmlUtils for mapping Xml types to and from .NET, both of which are from the WestWind,Utilities project (which is the same project where PropertyBag lives) from the West Wind Web Toolkit. The code implements ReadXml and WriteXml for the IXmlSerializable implementation using old school XmlReaders and XmlWriters (because it's pretty simple stuff - no need for XLinq here). Then there are two helper methods .ToXml() and .FromXml() that basically allow your code to easily convert between XML and a PropertyBag object. In my code that's what I use to actually to persist to and from the entity XML property during .Load() and .Save() operations. It's sweet to be able to have a string key dictionary and then be able to turn around with 1 line of code to persist the whole thing to XML and back. Hopefully some of you will find this class as useful as I've found it. It's a simple solution to a common requirement in my applications and I've used the hell out of it in the  short time since I created it. Resources You can find the complete code for the two classes plus the helpers in the Subversion repository for Westwind.Utilities. You can grab the source files from there or download the whole project. You can also grab the full Westwind.Utilities assembly from NuGet and add it to your project if that's easier for you. PropertyBag Source Code SerializationUtils and XmlUtils Westwind.Utilities Assembly on NuGet (add from Visual Studio) © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in .NET  CSharp   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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