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  • how to make PHP lists all Linux Users?

    - by Data-Base
    Hello I want to build a php based site that (automate) some commands on my Ubuntu Server first thing I did was going to the file (sudoers) and add the user www-data so I can execute php commands with root privileges! # running the web apps with root power!!! www-data ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL then my PHP code was <?php $command = "cat /etc/passwd | cut -d\":\" -f1"; echo 'running the command: <b>'.$command."</b><br />"; echo exec($command); ?> it returns only one user (the last user) !!! how to make it return all users? thank you

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  • How to enable core dump in my Linux C++ program

    - by Alex Farber
    My program is written in C++. compiled with gcc, using -g3 -O0 -ggdb flags. When it crashes, I want to open its core dump. Does it create core dump file, or I need to do something to enable core dump creation, in the program itself, or on computer where it is executed? Where this file is created, and what is its name?

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  • How to move many files in multiple different directories (on Linux)

    - by user1335982
    My problem is that I have too many files in single directory. I cannot "ls" the directory, cos is too large. I need to move all files in better directory structure. I'm using the last 3 digits from ID as folders in reverse way. For example ID 2018972 will gotta go in /2/7/9/img_2018972.jpg. I've created the directories, but now I need help with bash script. I know the IDs, there are in range 1,300,000 - 2,000,000. But I can't handle regular expressions. I wan't to move all files like this: /images/folder/img_2018972.jpg -> /images/2/7/9/img_2018972.jpg I will appreciate any help on this subject. Thanks!

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  • bandwidth throttling C linux

    - by bob moch
    hi im currently creating a function to create a sleep time i can pause between packets for my port scanner im creating for personal/educational use for my home network. what im currently doing is opening /proc/net/dev and reading the 9th set of digits for the eth0 interface to find out the current packets being set and then reading it again and doing some math to figure out a delay to sleep between sending a packet to a port to identify it and fingerprint it. my problem is that no matter what throttle % i use it always seems to send the same rate of packets. i think its mainly my way of mathematically creating my sleep delay. edit:: dont mind the function declaration and the struct stuff all im doing is spawning this function in a thread and passing a pointer to a struct to the function, recreating the struct locally and then freeing the passed structs memory. void *bandwidthmonitor_cmd(void *param) { char cmdline[1024], *bytedata[19]; int i = 0, ii = 0; long long prevbytes = 0, currentbytes = 0, elapsedbytes = 0, byteusage = 0, maxthrottle = 0; command_struct bandwidth = *((command_struct *)param); free(param); //printf("speed: %d\n throttle: %d\n\n", UPLOAD_SPEED, bandwidth.throttle); maxthrottle = UPLOAD_SPEED * bandwidth.throttle / 100; //printf("max throttle:%lld\n", maxthrottle); FILE *f = fopen("/proc/net/dev", "r"); if(f != NULL) { while(1) { while(fgets(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), f) != NULL) { cmdline[strlen(cmdline)] = '\0'; if(strncmp(cmdline, " eth0", 6) == 0) { bytedata[0] = strtok(cmdline, " "); while(bytedata[i] != NULL) { i++; bytedata[i] = strtok(NULL, " "); } bytedata[i + 1] = '\0'; currentbytes = atoi(bytedata[9]); } } i = 0; rewind(f); elapsedbytes = currentbytes - prevbytes; prevbytes = currentbytes; byteusage = 8 * (elapsedbytes / 1024); //printf("usage:%lld\n",byteusage); if(ii & 0x40) { SLEEP += (maxthrottle - byteusage) * -1.1;//-2.5; if(SLEEP < 0){ SLEEP = 0; } //printf("sleep:%d\n", SLEEP); } usleep(25000); ii++; } } return NULL; } SLEEP and UPLOAD_SPEED are global variables and UPLOAD_SPEED is in kb/s and generated via a speedtest function that gets the upload speed of my computer. this function is running inside a POSIX thread updating SLEEP which my threads doing the socket work grab to sleep by after every packet. as testing instead of only doing the ports i want to check i make it do all the ports over and over again so i can run dstat on a machine to check bandwidth and no matter what bandwidth.throttle is set to it always seems to generate the same amount of bandwidth to the dstat machine. the way i calculate how much i "should" throttle by is by finding the maximum throttle speed which is defined as maxthrottle = upload_speed * throttle / 100; for example if my upload speed was 1000kb/s and my throttle was 90 (90%) my max throttle would be 900kb/s from there it would find the current bytes sent from /proc/net/dev and then find my sleep time via incrementing or decrementing it via sleep += (maxthrottle - bytesysed) * -1.1; this should in theory increase or decrease the sleep time based on how many bytes used there are. the if(ii & 0x40) statement is just for some moderation control. it makes it so it only sets sleep to a new time every 30-40 iterations. final notes: the main problem is that the sleep timer does not seem to modify the speed of packets being set. or maybe its just my implementation because on a freshly restarted machine where /proc/net/dev has low numbers of bytes sent it seems to raise the sleep timer accordingly on my 60kb/s upload machine (ex if i set the throttle to 2 it will incline the sleep timer until network bandwidth out reaches the max bandwidth threshold, but when i try running it on a server which as been online forever it doesnt seem to work as nicely if at all. if anyone can suggest a new method of monitoring the network to adjust a sleep delay then let me know or if anyone sees a flaw in my code. thank you.

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  • Linux: Can Recvmsg be used to receive the IP_TOS of every incoming packet

    - by Mayutan
    Can one use recvmsg() to obtain the IP_TOS field of every incoming packet or does it just show the IP_TOS value that is set for the particular socket. If not, does anyone know of a solution to obtain the IP_TOS values of every incoming packets. I am using a UDP application and therefore do not get to view the IP_TOS field at the application layer as is the case with TCP. Thanks.

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  • explain notifier.c from the Linux kernel

    - by apollon
    I'm seeking to fully understand the following code snippet from kernel/notifier.c. I have read and built simple link lists and think I get the construct from K&R's C programming. The second line below which begins with the 'int' appears to be two items together which is unclear. The first is the (*notifier_call) which I believe has independent but related significance with the second containing a 'notifier block' term. Can you explain how it works in detail? I understand that there is a function pointer and multiple subscribers possible. But I lack the way to tie these facts together, and could use a primer or key so I exactly understand how the code works. The third line looks to contain the linking structure, or recursive nature. Forgive my terms, and correct them as fit as I am a new student of computer science terminology. struct notifier_block { int (*notifier_call)(struct notifier_block *, unsigned long, void *); struct notifier_block *next; int priority; };

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  • [Linux] Incremental search on command line?

    - by florianbw
    I'd like to write small scripts which feature incremental search (find-as-you-type) on the command line. Use case: I have my mobile phone connected via USB, Using gammu --sendsms TEXT I can write text messages. I have the phonebook as CSV, and want to search-as-i-type on that. What's the easiest/best way to do it? It might be in bash/zsh/perl/python or any other scripting language. Thanks!

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  • How to take snapshot in linux - programmatically C++

    - by bhanuvrat
    I am currently involved in a project which requires me to repeatedly take snapshots of the screen. I am using qt's grabScreen function to do the same. The screen freezes for half a second every time the program takes a snapshot causing the computer to seem to be very slow :( Can anybody suggest me a better method of doing this ?

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  • linux find the command invoked

    - by Subbu
    I am writing a C program which determines the number of bytes read from the standard input . I found out there are ways to give input to the program piped input redirection entering into command line while the program is waiting for input How to find the exact command by which the program was executed from the shell . I tried using command-line arguments but failed . #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { char buffer[100]; int n; for(n=1;n<argc;n++) printf("argument: %s\t",argv[n]); printf("\n"); if(argc==1) printf("waiting for input :"); else if (argc==3) printf("Not waiting for input . Got the source from command itself ."); n = read(0,buffer,100); if(n==-1) printf("\nError occured in reading"); printf("\nReading successfully done\n"); return 0; } Also ,

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  • Truncating a file while it's being used (Linux)

    - by Hobo
    I have a process that's writing a lot of data to stdout, which I'm redirecting to a log file. I'd like to limit the size of the file by occasionally copying the current file to a new name and truncating it. My usual techniques of truncating a file, like cp /dev/null file don't work, presumably because the process is using it. Is there some way I can truncate the file? Or delete it and somehow associate the process' stdout with a new file? FWIW, it's a third party product that I can't modify to change its logging model. EDIT redirecting over the file seems to have the same issue as the copy above - the file returns to its previous size next time it's written to: ls -l sample.log ; echo > sample.log ; ls -l sample.log ; sleep 10 ; ls -l sample.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 user group 1291999 Jun 11 2009 sample.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 user group 1 Jun 11 2009 sample.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 user group 1292311 Jun 11 2009 sample.log

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  • How to use sudo with rcp command to copy files from linux host to HP-UX host?

    - by Justin
    I'm having this issue where when I try to use sudo to rcp some files from a Linux host to an HP-UX host (note that the destination directory requires root access to write to), I get the following error from HP-UX's side: remshd: Login incorrect. I should note that the passwords for the Linux host and the HP-UX host are different. The command doesn't seem to give me a chance to enter the proper HP-UX password and automatically defaults to this error.

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  • some files just wont install- linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic

    - by jatin
    It gives the following details of the package operation failing after using the sofware updater on 12.10: installArchives() failed: perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Preconfiguring packages ... perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Preconfiguring packages ... perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Preconfiguring packages ... perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 217566 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace linux-image-3.5.0-36-generic 3.5.0-36.57~precise1 (using .../linux-image-3.5.0-36-generic_3.5.0-36.57_amd64.deb) ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Done. Unpacking replacement linux-image-3.5.0-36-generic ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-36-generic_3.5.0-36.57_amd64.deb (--unpack): unable to make backup link of `./boot/System.map-3.5.0-36-generic' before installing new version: Operation not permitted No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.5.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-36-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.5.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-36-generic Preparing to replace linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic 3.5.0-42.65~precise1 (using .../linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic_3.5.0-42.65_amd64.deb) ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Done. Unpacking replacement linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic_3.5.0-42.65_amd64.deb (--unpack): unable to make backup link of `./boot/System.map-3.5.0-42-generic' before installing new version: Operation not permitted No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.5.0-42-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-42-generic dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.5.0-42-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-42-generic Preparing to replace memtest86+ 4.20-1.1ubuntu1 (using .../memtest86+_4.20-1.1ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement memtest86+ ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/memtest86+_4.20-1.1ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb (--unpack): unable to make backup link of `./boot/memtest86+.bin' before installing new version: Operation not permitted No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-36-generic_3.5.0-36.57_amd64.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-42-generic_3.5.0-42.65_amd64.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/memtest86+_4.20-1.1ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb Error in function: Output of df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 38G 6.5G 30G 19% / udev 3.5G 4.0K 3.5G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.5G 924K 1.5G 1% /run none 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none 3.6G 296K 3.6G 1% /run/shm none 100M 64K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 197M 87M 111M 44% /boot /dev/sda5 243G 971M 230G 1% /home

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  • Need to increase nginx throughput to an upstream unix socket -- linux kernel tuning?

    - by Ben Lee
    I am running an nginx server that acts as a proxy to an upstream unix socket, like this: upstream app_server { server unix:/tmp/app.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen ###.###.###.###; server_name whatever.server; root /web/root; try_files $uri @app; location @app { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://app_server; } } Some app server processes, in turn, pull requests off /tmp/app.sock as they become available. The particular app server in use here is Unicorn, but I don't think that's relevant to this question. The issue is, it just seems that past a certain amount of load, nginx can't get requests through the socket at a fast enough rate. It doesn't matter how many app server processes I set up, it doesn't even matter what the app is (tried it with a dummy app with just a single endpoint that returned an empty page with status 404). The bottleneck seems to be the socket, not the app. I'm getting a flood of these messages in the nginx error log: connect() to unix:/tmp/app.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream Many requests result in status code 502, and those that don't take a long time to complete. The nginx write queue stat hovers around 1000. Anyway, I feel like I'm missing something obvious here, because this particular configuration of nginx and app server is pretty common, especially with Unicorn (it's the recommended method in fact). Are there any linux kernel options that needs to be set, or something in nginx? Any ideas about how to increase the throughput to the upstream socket? Something that I'm clearly doing wrong? Additional information on the environment: $ uname -a Linux app1 3.2.0-24-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 16:52:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ ruby -v ruby 1.9.3p194 (2012-04-20 revision 35410) [x86_64-linux] $ unicorn -v unicorn v4.3.1 $ nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.2.1 built by gcc 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) TLS SNI support enabled Current kernel tweaks: net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16777216 16777216 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.route.flush = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 8192 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 131072

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  • Where to upload cgi script on Linux Debian VPS with Plesk ?

    - by Rebol Tutorial
    I'm newbie to Linux. I have uploaded rebol ( a script langage similar to perl from http://www.rebol.com/view-platforms.html ) the linux debian version to /usr/bin on my VPS Where do I upload this script : Code: #!/usr/bin/rebol -c REBOL [Title: "Cgi Test in Rebol"] print "content-type: text/html^/" print ["Date/time is:" now] as I have 2 domain names on this VPS, I can't find where the domain folder are to do so.

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  • how to use updatedb command as an ordinary user on linux?

    - by hugemeow
    locate command is very useful tool on linux, but it seems only root can run updatedb command, so it will be very unconvinent to use locate command on linux, so how to make ordinary user to have the priviledge to run updatedb command? updatedb is the command use to update the db used by locate command:) error message when try to run updatedb using ordinary user: [mirror@home code]$ updatedb updatedb: can not open a temporary file for `/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db'

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  • What are the Best Practices and tools for managing Windows Desktops from a linux sever ?

    - by JJ
    I know this is a loaded question! What are the best ways to manage Windows (2000, XP, Vista, Win7) workstation from a centralized linux server. I would like to replace the fuctionaility of MS SBS Server with a linux box. The following issues would need to be addressed. File Sharing Authentication, Authorization, and Access Control Software Installation Centralized Login Script Centralized Backup

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  • question about that concept of linux install in flash card.

    - by Johnny
    1.i can't understand why Linux on flash card need install, does it simply copy certain file to certain location in flash card? ---i mean ,plan it in a response file,then one program read the plan in response file and write certain format to flash card. 2.does the file system bind tightly to the linux kernel? is it possible let each kernel,user,app have its own root? rather than mount everything under one single / "root"

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  • Should I worry about the integrity of my linux software RAID5 after a crash or kernel panic?

    - by Josh
    I have a dual core Intel i5 Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS system running kernel 2.6.32-22-server #33-Ubuntu SMP with three 1TB SATA hard drives set up in a RAID5 array using linux md devices. I have read about the RAID5 write hole and am concerned: if my linux system locks up or kernel panics, should I be assume that the integrety of my data has been compromised and restore from backup? How can I know if the data on the RAID5 array is "safe"?

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  • how to see disk details from linux machine with which command?

    - by jennifer
    hi all subject: LINUX - release.5.4- verify disk details from linux with sfdisk -s I can see the disk capacity as the following: sfdisk -s /dev/cciss/c0d0: 143338560 total: 143338560 blocks but how to see also the disk details as disk manufacture ... etc I try the: , but I not get the right info -(: hdparm -i /dev/cciss/c0d0 /dev/cciss/c0d0: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device

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