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• 32-bit JVM on 64-bit Windows crashes on launch with -Xmx1300m and plenty of free memory

  - by Konrad Garus

  I'm struggling with Java heap space settings. The default Java on Windows is the 32-bit client regardless of OS version (that's what Oracle recommends to all users). It appears to set max heap size to 256 MB by default, and that is too little for me. I use a custom launcher to start the application. I would like it to use more memory on computers with plenty RAM, and default to -Xmx512m on those with less RAM. As far as I'm aware, the only way is the static -Xmx setting (that has to be set on launch). I have a user who has 8 GB RAM, 64-bit Windows and 32-bit Java 7. Maximum memory visible to the JVM is 4G (as returned by querying OperatingSystemMXBean). I understand why, no issue. For some reason my application is unable to start for this user with -Xmx1300m, even though he has 2.3G free memory. He closed some applications (having 5G free memory), and still it would not launch. The error reported to me was: error occured during init of vm could not reserve enough space for object heap What's going on? Could it be that the 32-bit JVM is only able to address the "first" 4G of memory and has to have a 1300M block available within those first 4 gigabytes? How can I solve this problem, except for asking everyone to install 64-bit Java (what is unlikely to be acceptable)?

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• Memory mapping of files and system cache behavior in WinXP

  - by Canopus

  Our application is memory intensive and deals with reading a large number of disk files. The total load can be more than 3 GB. There is a custom memory manager that uses memory mapped files to achieve reading of such a huge data. The files are mapped into the process memory space only when needed and with this the process memory is well under control. But what is observed is, with memory mapping, the system cache keeps on increasing until it occupies the available physical memory. This leads to the slowing down of the entire system. My question is how to prevent system cache from hogging the physical memory? I attempted to remove the file buffering (by using FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING ), but with this, the read operations take considerable amount of time and slows down the application performance. How to achieve the scalability without sacrificing much on performance. What are the common techniques used in such cases? I dont have a good understanding of the WinXP OS caching behavior. Any good links explaining the same would also be helpful.

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• finding long repeated substrings in a massive string

  - by Will

  I naively imagined that I could build a suffix trie where I keep a visit-count for each node, and then the deepest nodes with counts greater than one are the result set I'm looking for. I have a really really long string (hundreds of megabytes). I have about 1 GB of RAM. This is why building a suffix trie with counting data is too inefficient space-wise to work for me. To quote Wikipedia's Suffix tree: storing a string's suffix tree typically requires significantly more space than storing the string itself. The large amount of information in each edge and node makes the suffix tree very expensive, consuming about ten to twenty times the memory size of the source text in good implementations. The suffix array reduces this requirement to a factor of four, and researchers have continued to find smaller indexing structures. And that was wikipedia's comments on the tree, not trie. How can I find long repeated sequences in such a large amount of data, and in a reasonable amount of time (e.g. less than an hour on a modern desktop machine)? (Some wikipedia links to avoid people posting them as the 'answer': Algorithms on strings and especially Longest repeated substring problem ;-) )

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• What is the correct install process to setup Node.js with Windows Azure Emulator

  - by PazoozaTest Pazman

  This question is related to this question: Node.js running under IIS Express Keeps Crashing to which I need help with reinstalling and getting node.js up and running in windows emulator working. Hello I am reinstalling my machine: Toshiha Laptop 2 GB Ram 32 bit processor What is the correct procedure from start to finish to get node.js development working, so far nothing has worked and the emulator (IIS Express) worker processor keeps crashing. No matter how many instances they all end up crashing. Up until two weeks ago my node development was working fine, but I had to do a reinstall, and since then I haven't been doing any node.js development on windows emulator because the latest June 2012 Azure SDK for Node.js is buggy. These are the steps I have taken: 1) Reformat HD 2) Insert Windows 7 N SP1 CD 3) Reboot machine into CD installation 4) Follow and wait until Windows 7 installed 5) Run Add/Remove programs + enable IIS + IIS management tools 6) Run Windows Update (installed about 53 updates) 7) Go here http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/nodejs/ 8) Click Windows Installer June 2012 and install Windows Azure SDK for Node.js - June 2012 9) Run Azure Powershell 10) Navigate to c:\node\testSite\webrole1 11) launch site: start-azureemulator -launch 12) Play around on website (then crash!) Problem signature: Problem Event Name: APPCRASH Application Name: iisexpress.exe Application Version: 8.0.8298.0 Application Timestamp: 4f620349 Fault Module Name: iiscore.dll Fault Module Version: 8.0.8298.0 Fault Module Timestamp: 4f63b65c Exception Code: c0000005 Exception Offset: 00021767 OS Version: 6.1.7601.2.1.0.256.28 Locale ID: 1033 Additional Information 1: f66d Additional Information 2: f66d807b515d6b2dc6f28f66db769a01 Additional Information 3: 7b2f Additional Information 4: 7b2f6797d07ebc2c23f2b227e779722e Am I missing a step in my resintall process? Do I have all the required files to do node.js windows azure emulator development? Why is IIS Express crashing all the time? Can I still do node.js windows azure emulator development without using IIS Express and use my local Windows 7 N (SP1) IIS 7.x that comes shipped?

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• Hive performance increase

  - by Sagar Nikam

  I am dealing with a database (2.5 GB) having some tables only 40 row to some having 9 million rows data. when I am doing any query for large table it takes more time. I want results in less time small query on table which have 90 rows only-- hive> select count(*) from cidade; Time taken: 50.172 seconds hdfs-site.xml <configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>3</value> <description>Default block replication. The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created. The default is used if replication is not specified in create time. </description> </property> <property> <name>dfs.block.size</name> <value>131072</value> <description>Default block replication. The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created. The default is used if replication is not specified in create time. </description> </property> </configuration> does these setting affects performance of hive? dfs.replication=3 dfs.block.size=131072 can i set it from hive prompt as hive>set dfs.replication=5 Is this value remains for a perticular session only ? or Is it better to change it in .xml file ?

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• Dealing with large directories in a checkout

  - by Eric

  I am trying to come up with a version control process for a web app that I work on. Currently, my major stumbling blocks are two directories that are huge (both over 4GB). Only a few people need to work on things within the huge directories; most people don't even need to see what's in them. Our directory structure looks something like: / --file.aspx --anotherFile.aspx --/coolThings ----coolThing.aspx --/bigFolder ----someHugeMovie.mov ----someHugeSound.mp3 --/anotherBigFolder ----... I'm sure you get the picture. It's hard to justify a checkout that has to pull down 8GB of data that's likely useless to a developer. I know, it's only once, but even once could be really frustrating for someone (and will make it harder for me to convince everyone to use source control). (Plus, clean checkouts will be painfully slow.) These folders do have to be available in the web application. What can I do? I've thought about separate repositories for the big folders. That way, you only download if you need it; but then how do I manage checking these out onto our development server? I've also thought about not trying to version control those folders: just update them directly on the web server... but I am not enamored of this idea. Is there some magic way to simply exclude directories from a checkout that I haven't found? (Pretty sure there is not.) Of course, there's always the option to just give up, bite the bullet, and accept downloading 8 useless GB. What say you? Have you encountered this problem before? How did you solve it?

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• Xenserver 5.6 SR_BACKEND_FAILURE_47 no such volume group, but it is there

  - by Juan Carlos

  I've looked everywhere (Google, here, a bunch of other sites), and while I have found people with similar problems, I couldn't find a single one with a solution to this. Last night our xenserver 5.6 box corrupted the /var/xapi/state.db, and I couldn't fix the xml, no matter what I did. After a good hour fiddling with the file, I figured it would be faster to just reinstall. The server had one 2tb hard drive running Xen and its VMs, and since Xen's install said it would erase the hard drive it was installed on, I plugged a new harddrive and installed Xen on it, without selecting any hard drives for storage. I Figured I could make it happen after install, using the partition on the old harddrive with all my VMs on it. After instalation finished and the system booted I did: #fdisk -l found the old partition at /dev/sda3 #ll /dev/disk/by-id found the partition at /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-3600188b04c02f100181ab3a48417e490-part3 #xe host-list uuid ( RO) : a019d93e-4d84-4a4b-91e3-23572b5bd8a4 name-label ( RW): xenserver-scribfourteen name-description ( RW): Default install of XenServer #pvscan PV /dev/sda3 VG VG_XenStorage-405a2ece-d10e-d6c5-ede2-e1ad2c29c68d lvm2 [1.81 TB / 204.85 GB free] Total: 1 [1.81 TB] / in use: 1 [1.81 TB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ] #vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "VG_XenStorage-405a2ece-d10e-d6c5-ede2-e1ad2c29c68d" using metadata type lvm2 # pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda3 VG Name VG_XenStorage-405a2ece-d10e-d6c5-ede2-e1ad2c29c68d PV Size 1.81 TB / not usable 6.97 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 474747 Free PE 52441 Allocated PE 422306 PV UUID U03Gt9-WtHi-8Nnu-QB2Q-c7BV-CO9A-cFpYWW # xe sr-introduce name-label="VMs" type=lvm uuid=U03Gt9-WtHi-8Nnu-QB2Q-c7BV-CO9A-cFpYWW name-description="VMs Local HD Storage" content-type=user shared=false device-config=:device=/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-3600188b04c02f100181ab3a483f9f0ae-part3 U03Gt9-WtHi-8Nnu-QB2Q-c7BV-CO9A-cFpYWW # xe pbd-create host-uuid=a019d93e-4d84-4a4b-91e3-23572b5bd8a4 sr-uuid=U03Gt9-WtHi-8Nnu-QB2Q-c7BV-CO9A-cFpYWW device-config:device=/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-3600188b04c02f100181ab3a483f9f0ae-part3 adf92b7f-ad40-828f-0728-caf94d2a0ba1 # xe pbd-plug uuid=adf92b7f-ad40-828f-0728-caf94d2a0ba1 Error code: SR_BACKEND_FAILURE_47 Error parameters: , The SR is not available [opterr=no such volume group: VG_XenStorage-U03Gt9-WtHi-8Nnu-QB2Q-c7BV-CO9A-cFpYWW] At this point I did a # vgrename VG_XenStorage-405a2ece-d10e-d6c5-ede2-e1ad2c29c68d VG_XenStorage-U03Gt9-WtHi-8Nnu-QB2Q-c7BV-CO9A-cFpYWW cause the VG name was different, but pdb-plug still gives me the same error. So, now I'm kinda lost about what to do, I'm not used to Xen and most sites I've been finding are really unhelpful. I hope someone can guide me in the right way to fix this. I cant lose those VMs (got backups, but from inside the guests, not the VMs themselves).

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• 3Ware 9650SE RAID-6, two degraded drives, one ECC, rebuild stuck

  - by cswingle

  This morning I came in the office to discover that two of the drives on a RAID-6, 3ware 9650SE controller were marked as degraded and it was rebuilding the array. After getting to about 4%, it got ECC errors on a third drive (this may have happened when I attempted to access the filesystem on this RAID and got I/O errors from the controller). Now I'm in this state: > /c2/u1 show Unit UnitType Status %RCmpl %V/I/M Port Stripe Size(GB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ u1 RAID-6 REBUILDING 4%(A) - - 64K 7450.5 u1-0 DISK OK - - p5 - 931.312 u1-1 DISK OK - - p2 - 931.312 u1-2 DISK OK - - p1 - 931.312 u1-3 DISK OK - - p4 - 931.312 u1-4 DISK OK - - p11 - 931.312 u1-5 DISK DEGRADED - - p6 - 931.312 u1-6 DISK OK - - p7 - 931.312 u1-7 DISK DEGRADED - - p3 - 931.312 u1-8 DISK WARNING - - p9 - 931.312 u1-9 DISK OK - - p10 - 931.312 u1/v0 Volume - - - - - 7450.5 Examining the SMART data on the three drives in question, the two that are DEGRADED are in good shape (PASSED without any Current_Pending_Sector or Offline_Uncorrectable errors), but the drive listed as WARNING has 24 uncorrectable sectors. And, the "rebuild" has been stuck at 4% for ten hours now. So: How do I get it to start actually rebuilding? This particular controller doesn't appear to support /c2/u1 resume rebuild, and the only rebuild command that appears to be an option is one that wants to know what disk to add (/c2/u1 start rebuild disk=<p:-p...> [ignoreECC] according to the help). I have two hot spares in the server, and I'm happy to engage them, but I don't understand what it would do with that information in the current state it's in. Can I pull out the drive that is demonstrably failing (the WARNING drive), when I have two DEGRADED drives in a RAID-6? It seems to me that the best scenario would be for me to pull the WARNING drive and tell it to use one of my hot spares in the rebuild. But won't I kill the thing by pulling a "good" drive in a RAID-6 with two DEGRADED drives? Finally, I've seen reference in other posts to a bad bug in this controller that causes good drives to be marked as bad and that upgrading the firmware may help. Is flashing the firmware a risky operation given the situation? Is it likely to help or hurt wrt the rebuilding-but-stuck-at-4% RAID? Am I experiencing this bug in action? Advice outside the spiritual would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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• SBS 2008 Backup Drive Full - Error Code '2147942512'

  - by HK1

  We are using Windows Backup on SBS 2008 SP2 and backing up to 1TB external hard drives. Recently after switching drives our backup started failing because the backup drive is full and auto-delete isn't automatically deleting older backups/show copies. I'm trying to get more information to help me effectively prevent this problem from reoccurring in the future. How I can tell that the drive is getting full: In the event viewer under Windows Logs Application, I'm seeing Event ID 517 but it fails to show an intelligible description. However, under Applications and Services Logs Microsoft Windows Backup Operational, I'm seeing an event with the ID of 5 and a description like this: Backup started at '10/4/2011 12:30:12 PM' failed with following error code '2147942512'. One of the most informative posts I've found on this error is located on Microsoft's Technet Forums here. In that post, a Microsoft representative gives this hazy explanation: auto-delete feature to ensure that at least some old backup copies are maintained on the disk -- does not automatically delete backups if space utilization by older copies is less than 1/8 of the disk size or in other words, 13% of the disk size. that means if the one full backup copy does not fit in the 7/8 of the disk size, backup may fail with disk full error. auto-delete will not automatically delete older versions to reclaim more older versions of backup. In the above explanation, I do not understand what is meant by "older copies" except that it appears that anything older than the very last shadow copy would be considered "older copies". I'm going to make the assumption that this problem where auto-delete will not work will affect any hard drive that is large enough to make an effective backup drive, or in other words, any hard drive that is large enough to hold more than one backup/shadow copy at once. The same MS representative proposes the solution of using a larger backup drive. I can't understand how this will help. It appears to me it will simply delay the problem until a later date. In order to resolve this problem for now, I did the following: Assign the backup drive a disk letter under disk management. Run the command line with Administrative rights. diskshadow.exe [enter] delete shadows oldest x: [enter] (where X: is the letter you assigned your backup drive) I manually ran the above command some 60 or 80 times to free up about 200 GB of space on my 1 Terrabyte External Hard drive. However, I do not feel this is a satisfactory solution to prevent the problem from happening again in the future. Does anyone have a solution to prevent your Windows Server backup drive from getting full?

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• Migrate from MySQL to PostgreSQL on Linux (Kubuntu)

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Storyline Trying to migrate a database from MySQL to PostgreSQL. All the documentation I have read covers, in great detail, how to migrate the structure. I have found very little documentation on migrating the data. The schema has 13 tables (which have been migrated successfully) and 9 GB of data. MySQL version: 5.1.x PostgreSQL version: 8.4.x I want to use the R programming language to analyze the data using SQL select statements; PostgreSQL has PL/R, but MySQL has nothing (as far as I can tell). A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away... Create the database location (/var has insufficient space; also dislike having the PostgreSQL version number everywhere -- upgrading would break scripts!): sudo mkdir -p /home/postgres/main sudo cp -Rp /var/lib/postgresql/8.4/main /home/postgres sudo chown -R postgres.postgres /home/postgres sudo chmod -R 700 /home/postgres sudo usermod -d /home/postgres/ postgres All good to here. Next, restart the server and configure the database using these installation instructions: sudo apt-get install postgresql pgadmin3 sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 stop sudo vi /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf Change data_directory to /home/postgres/main sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 start sudo -u postgres psql postgres \password postgres sudo -u postgres createdb climate pgadmin3 Use pgadmin3 to configure the database and create a schema. A New Hope The episode began in a remote shell known as bash, with both databases running, and the installation of a command with a most unusual logo: SQL Fairy. perl Makefile.PL sudo make install sudo apt-get install perl-doc (strangely, it is not called perldoc) perldoc SQL::Translator::Manual Extract a PostgreSQL-friendly DDL and all the MySQL data: sqlt -f DBI --dsn dbi:mysql:climate --db-user user --db-password password -t PostgreSQL > climate-pg-ddl.sql mysqldump --skip-add-locks --complete-insert --no-create-db --no-create-info --quick --result-file="climate-my.sql" --databases climate --skip-comments -u root -p The Database Strikes Back Recreate the structure in PostgreSQL as follows: pgadmin3 (switch to it) Click the Execute arbitrary SQL queries icon Open climate-pg-ddl.sql Search for TABLE " replace with TABLE climate." (insert the schema name climate) Search for on " replace with on climate." (insert the schema name climate) Press F5 to execute This results in: Query returned successfully with no result in 122 ms. Replies of the Jedi At this point I am stumped. Where do I go from here (what are the steps) to convert climate-my.sql to climate-pg.sql so that they can be executed against PostgreSQL? How to I make sure the indexes are copied over correctly (to maintain referential integrity; I don't have constraints at the moment to ease the transition)? How do I ensure that adding new rows in PostgreSQL will start enumerating from the index of the last row inserted (and not conflict with an existing primary key from the sequence)? Resources A fair bit of information was needed to get this far: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/site-mysql-postgresql-1 http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Converting_from_other_Databases_to_PostgreSQL#MySQL http://pgfoundry.org/frs/shownotes.php?release_id=810 http://sqlfairy.sourceforge.net/ Thank you!

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• Ubuntu suddenly freezes

  - by tapan

  I've a strange problem with my ubuntu 10.04 installation. Whenever i boot into ubuntu the entire system freezes / hangs soon after (~ 2 mins in). This problem exists on my windows 7 installation too. However if i start World of Warcraft or Warcraft on windows it doesnt hang for the duration i'm playing the game. After i stop playing and exit the game my laptop hangs inside 2 mins. Here is when it gets weirder. If i disconnect the charger, the laptop doesn't hang. However when I start it in ubuntu recovery mode and drop to root shell and use the 'startx' command everything works perfectly. I cannot figure out what the problem is. i have an intel core2duo 2.2ghz processor, intel mobile 965 graphics, 2 GB RAM for more details here is the output of cat /proc/cpuinfo : processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4389.80 clflush size : 64 power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4388.96 clflush size : 64 power management: here is the output of cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2052440 kB MemFree: 55924 kB Buffers: 579352 kB Cached: 821752 kB SwapCached: 704 kB Active: 897124 kB Inactive: 1032256 kB Active(anon): 412140 kB Inactive(anon): 264804 kB Active(file): 484984 kB Inactive(file): 767452 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 1178440 kB HighFree: 6012 kB LowTotal: 874000 kB LowFree: 49912 kB SwapTotal: 995988 kB SwapFree: 986616 kB Dirty: 8928 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 527596 kB Mapped: 76536 kB Slab: 39480 kB SReclaimable: 21100 kB SUnreclaim: 18380 kB PageTables: 5672 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 2022208 kB Committed_AS: 1856400 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 11928 kB VmallocChunk: 104644 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 892928 kB Also the kern.log doesn't show any errors. What I want to know is what might be the problem, how i could test for it and if there are any solutions I could try. Thanks :).

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• Random servers in Citrix servers suddenly bluescreens (mostly 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e)

  - by Rasmus Rask

  I'm responsible for a Citrix Presentation Server 4.5 farm. Starting Friday 30. November, my servers started to crash randomly. So far we've experienced 80 crashes, so it's obviously becoming an increasingly big problem for us. I have 12+ years experience with IT, so I know the difference between 0 and 1, but I have a hard time cracking this. We've rolled back any recent changes I can think of for different groups of servers, but all groups still seem to crash. I don't have the skills to interpret the memory dumps to find the culprit. Has anyone encountered the same or a similar problem? - might be a generic Windows issue Other than executing "analyze -v" in WinDbg, how do I work my way through the memory dumps to see what actually triggered the BSOD? Any suggested steps in getting to the bottom of this? Any help is greatly appreciated. I can also provide links to kernel memory dumps or WinDbg output if necessary. Thanks! Problem description The majority of the STOP errors we encounter are: 0x0000008e KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED (50%) 0x0000007e SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED (26%) 0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA (21%) We also see a few 0x0000000a IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (3%). For both 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e bug checks, the exception code is 0xc0000005 (Access Violation). When opening dump files in WinDbg, most details are exactly the same, for all the 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e bug checks respectively: 0x0000008e Exception address: 0x808bc9e3 Trap frame: [varies] FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0x8E_nt!HvpGetCellMapped+97 Probably Caused by (IMAGE_NAME): ntkrpamp.exe 0x0000007e Exception address: 0x808369b6 Exception record address: 0xf70d3be0 Context record address: 0xf70d38dc FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0x7E_nt!MmPurgeSection+14 Probably Caused by: memory_corruption About 30% of the crashes happens between 17:00 and 19:00, which leads me to believe this tend to happen more often during logoffs. But then again, only ~15% occurs between 15:00 and 17:00. Summary of farm Citrix Presentation Server 4.5 R06 on Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2 All high priority patches, at least as of October installed Virtualized using VMWare ESX/vSphere 4.1 on HP Proliant BL460c G6 blade servers About 53 Presentation Servers in production, divided into three silos - only one of which, the largest, is affected 2 vCPU's (5 GHz reserved), 8 GB RAM (all reserved) for each Presentation Server Plenty of free disk space Very few printer drivers - automated deletion of non-approved drivers every night ~1.000 peak concurrent users, which is reached at around 10:30 (on weekdays) Number of sessions steadily decline between 15:00 and 19:00 to ~230

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• Disk is spinning down each minute, unable to disable it

  - by lzap

  I played with spindown and APM settings of my Samsung discs and now they spin down every minute. I want to disable it, but it seems it does not accept any of the spindown time or APM values. Nothing works, it's all the same. Please help what values should be proper for it. I do not want it to spin down at all. /dev/sda: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: SAMSUNG HD154UI Serial Number: S1Y6J1KZ206527 Firmware Revision: 1AG01118 Standards: Used: ATA-8-ACS revision 3b Supported: 7 6 5 4 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 16383 16383 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 -- CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064 LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455 LBA48 user addressable sectors: 2930277168 Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 1430799 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 1500301 MBytes (1500 GB) cache/buffer size = unknown Capabilities: LBA, IORDY(can be disabled) Queue depth: 32 Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16 Advanced power management level: 60 Recommended acoustic management value: 254, current value: 0 DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 udma7 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns Commands/features: Enabled Supported: * SMART feature set Security Mode feature set * Power Management feature set * Write cache * Look-ahead * Host Protected Area feature set * WRITE_BUFFER command * READ_BUFFER command * NOP cmd * DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE * Advanced Power Management feature set Power-Up In Standby feature set * SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up SET_MAX security extension Automatic Acoustic Management feature set * 48-bit Address feature set * Device Configuration Overlay feature set * Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE * FLUSH_CACHE_EXT * SMART error logging * SMART self-test Media Card Pass-Through * General Purpose Logging feature set * 64-bit World wide name * WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command * {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands * Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE * Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s) * Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s) * Native Command Queueing (NCQ) * Host-initiated interface power management * Phy event counters * NCQ priority information DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization Device-initiated interface power management * Software settings preservation * SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set * SCT Long Sector Access (AC1) * SCT LBA Segment Access (AC2) * SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3) * SCT Features Control (AC4) * SCT Data Tables (AC5) Security: Master password revision code = 65534 supported not enabled not locked frozen not expired: security count supported: enhanced erase 326min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 326min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 50024e900300cca3 NAA : 5 IEEE OUI : 0024e9 Unique ID : 00300cca3 Checksum: correct I have the very same disc which I did not "tuned" and it does not spin. But I do not know where to read the settings from. The hdparm only shows this: Advanced power management level: 60 Recommended acoustic management value: 254, current value: 0 Edit: It seems the issue was tuned daemon in RHEL6. It was too aggressive, I turned off disc tuning and it seems they are no longer spinning down.

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• Ubuntu/Windows suddenly freezes

  - by tapan

  I've a strange problem with my ubuntu 10.04 installation. Whenever i boot into ubuntu the entire system freezes / hangs soon after (~ 2 mins in). This problem exists on my windows 7 installation too. However if i start World of Warcraft or Warcraft on windows it doesnt hang for the duration i'm playing the game. After i stop playing and exit the game my laptop hangs inside 2 mins. Here is when it gets weirder. If i disconnect the charger, the laptop doesn't hang. However when I start it in ubuntu recovery mode and drop to root shell and use the 'startx' command everything works perfectly. I cannot figure out what the problem is. i have an intel core2duo 2.2ghz processor, intel mobile 965 graphics, 2 GB RAM for more details here is the output of cat /proc/cpuinfo : processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4389.80 clflush size : 64 power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4388.96 clflush size : 64 power management: here is the output of cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2052440 kB MemFree: 55924 kB Buffers: 579352 kB Cached: 821752 kB SwapCached: 704 kB Active: 897124 kB Inactive: 1032256 kB Active(anon): 412140 kB Inactive(anon): 264804 kB Active(file): 484984 kB Inactive(file): 767452 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 1178440 kB HighFree: 6012 kB LowTotal: 874000 kB LowFree: 49912 kB SwapTotal: 995988 kB SwapFree: 986616 kB Dirty: 8928 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 527596 kB Mapped: 76536 kB Slab: 39480 kB SReclaimable: 21100 kB SUnreclaim: 18380 kB PageTables: 5672 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 2022208 kB Committed_AS: 1856400 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 11928 kB VmallocChunk: 104644 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 892928 kB Also the kern.log doesn't show any errors. What I want to know is what might be the problem, how i could test for it and if there are any solutions I could try. Thanks :).

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• Mono through FastCGI on nginx

  - by Stijn

  I'm going through http://www.mono-project.com/FastCGI_Nginx and can't get it to work. The FastCGI server seems to be running. The following is from the error log: upstream sent unexpected FastCGI record: 3 while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.1.125, server: arch, request: "GET /Default.aspx HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "arch" Command used to start the server (I've tried server2 and server4, using a simple .NET 2.0 or .NET 4.0 project): fastcgi-mono-server2 /applications=arch:/:/var/www/test/public/ /socket=tcp:127.0.0.1:9000 /stopable=True nginx config: server { listen 80; server_name arch; access_log /var/www/test/log/access.log; error_log /var/www/test/log/error.log; location / { root /var/www/test/public; index index.html index.htm default.aspx Default.aspx; fastcgi_index Default.aspx; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO ""; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } Using xsp4 works fine, I can browse the site. I've enabled FastCGI logging, this is the output: [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Accepting an incoming connection. [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Notice Beginning to receive records on connection. [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Record received. (Type: BeginRequest, ID: 1, Length: 8) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Record received. (Type: Params, ID: 1, Length: 386) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Record received. (Type: Params, ID: 1, Length: 0) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (PATH_INFO = ) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (SCRIPT_FILENAME = /var/www/test/public/Home) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_HOST = arch) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_USER_AGENT = Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_ACCEPT = text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE = en-gb,en;q=0.5) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING = gzip, deflate) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_CONNECTION = keep-alive) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Read parameter. (HTTP_COOKIE = ASP.NET_SessionId=2C3D702C9B0F23F69B80820B) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Error Failed to process connection. Reason: Argument cannot be null. Parameter name: s [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug Record sent. (Type: EndRequest, ID: 1, Length: 8) [2012-04-15 23:51:18Z] Debug The FastCGI connection has been closed.

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• Home and Small to Medium Enterprise network manufacturer choice, Netgear, Linksys or D-Link ?

  - by Kedare

  (Please don't close this post, it's a serious post so... Be cool, no trolls please, I need an answer ;p) Hello, I am looking for an alternative to Cisco (too expensive for me !) for semi-pro utilization (at home but with advanced feature (I'm studying in IT)) and in small/medium enterprises. I think I will choose between LinkSys (Including Cisco Small Business), Netgear and D-Link, but I've never really used these products, that what I need is a manufacturer that make "almost" all type of networking equipment (Like Cisco but cheaper..), here are my needs : I need almost all my products to be rackable I need a good warranty (Netgear lifetime waranty rulez!) I need an "unified" network environment I made a little comparison of the characteristics that interest me after hours of search on Internet (based on result found on many websites): (Prices are based on the ldlc-pro.com french website) Hotline/Support Quality: Netgear : Not so bad Linksys : Not so bad D-Link : Poor! Most common Warranty: Netgear : Unlimited Lifetime Warranty! Linksys : Limited 3 years warranty D-Link : Limited 5 years warranty (Unlimited in US but I'm on France :(...) VPN protocols compatibles with routers on endpoint mode: Netgear : Only IPSEC :( Linksys : IPSEC, PPTP, L2TP D-Link : IPSEC, PPTP, L2TP Cheaper 8 ports Gb switch : Netgear : 30€ Linksys : 47€ D-Link : 30€ Cheaper 48 ports + 1Gb uplink(s) administrable switch : Netgear : 263€ Linksys : 630€ D-Link : 600€ Cheaper VPN router : Netgear : 100€ Linksys : 80€ D-Link : 60€ Cheaper rackable switch : Netgear : 50€ Linksys : 87€ D-Link : 50€ Cheaper rackable and administrable switch : Netgear : 120€ Linksys : 370€ D-Link : 171€ Netgear and D-Link are in the same range of price, where Linksys is more expensives. I've searched for some other criteria ( the full comparison is here, in french with shop/source links: http://forums.jeuxonline.info/showthread.php?t=1072280 ) and made a final score for each manufacturer : SCORE including IP camera sub-score: Netgear : 6.2/10 Linksys : 7.3/10 D-Link : 7.0/10 SCORE excluding IP camera sub-score: Netgear : 6.9/10 Linksys : 7.0/10 D-Link : 6.7/10 On both case, Linksys wins. So here is my little comparison, but because I've never really used these stuffs, I need your help to make a decision on witch manufacturer choose for both my personnal and corporate use. So here are the questions : What manufacturer do you recommend me (Not cisco (except Small business)) ? Why ? Have you called the call center of the customer support of one of these manufacturer ? How it was ? Did you had problems or bad experiences with these equipments ? Any other advices ? ;) Thank you !

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• Apache2 cgi's crash on odbc db access (but run fine from shell)

  - by Martin

  Problem overview (details below): I'm having an apache2 + ruby integration problem when trying to connect to an ODBC data source. The main problem boils down to the fact that scripts that run fine from an interactive shell crash ruby on the database connect line when run as a cgi from apache2. Ruby cgi's that don't try to access the ODBC datasource work fine. And (again) ruby scripts that connect to a database with ODBC do fine when executed from the command line (or cron). This behavior is identical when I use perl instead of ruby. So, the issue seems to be with the environment provided for ruby (perl) by apache2, but I can't figure out what is wrong or what to do about it. Does anyone have any suggestions on how to get these cgi scripts to work properly? I've tried many different things to get this to work, and I'm happy to provide more detail of any aspect if that will help. Details: Mac OS X Server 10.5.8 Xserve 2 x 2.66 Dual-Core Intel Xeon (12 GB) Apache 2.2.13 ruby 1.8.6 (2008-08-11 patchlevel 287) [universal-darwin9.0] ruby-odbc 0.9997 dbd-odbc (0.2.5) dbi (0.4.3) mod_ruby 1.3.0 Perl -- 5.8.8 DBI -- 1.609 DBD::ODBC -- 1.23 odbc driver: DataDirect SequeLink v5.5 (/Library/ODBC/SequeLink.bundle/Contents/MacOS/ivslk20.dylib) odbc datasource: FileMaker Server 10 (v10.0.2.206) ) a minimal version of a script (anonymized) that will crash in apache but run successfully from a shell: #!/usr/bin/ruby require 'cgi' require 'odbc' cgi = CGI.new("html3") aConnection = ODBC::connect('DBFile', "username", 'password') aQuery = aConnection.prepare("SELECT zzz_kP_ID FROM DBTable WHERE zzz_kP_ID = 81044") aQuery.execute aRecord = aQuery.fetch_hash.inspect aQuery.drop aConnection.disconnect # aRecord = '{"zzz_kP_ID"=>81044.0}' cgi.out{ cgi.html{ cgi.body{ "<pre>Primary Key: #{aRecord}</pre>" } } } Example of running this from a shell: gamma% ./minimal.rb (offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input) Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 134 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><HTML><BODY><pre>Primary Key: {"zzz_kP_ID"=>81044.0}</pre></font></BODY></HTML>% gamma% ) typical crash log lines: Dec 22 14:02:38 gamma ReportCrash[79237]: Formulating crash report for process perl[79236] Dec 22 14:02:38 gamma ReportCrash[79237]: Saved crashreport to /Library/Logs/CrashReporter/perl_2009-12-22-140237_HTCF.crash using uid: 0 gid: 0, euid: 0 egid: 0 Dec 22 14:03:13 gamma ReportCrash[79256]: Formulating crash report for process perl[79253] Dec 22 14:03:13 gamma ReportCrash[79256]: Saved crashreport to /Library/Logs/CrashReporter/perl_2009-12-22-140311_HTCF.crash using uid: 0 gid: 0, euid: 0 egid: 0

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• ESXi 5.1 ghettoVCB stuck at Clone: 10% done

  - by stormdrain

  Trying to run ghettoVCB for the first time here. I am using a NAS that is set up as a datastore on the host. I did a dry run and it completed without error. The VM is ~500GB and there is only one on the host that I'm trying to backup. I proceeded to start the actual backup: ./ghettoVCB.sh -m vmname -g ghettoVCB.conf It goes though the config and looks like it's taking off: 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - USING GLOBAL GHETTOVCB CONFIGURATION FILE = ghettoVCB.conf 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VERSION = 2013_01_11_0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - GHETTOVCB_PID = 17398616 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = /vmfs/volumes/nas2tb-001/esxi4 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = 3 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION = 2013-10-24_11-43-18 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = thin 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = 4 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = 5 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = 15 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - LOG_LEVEL = info 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT = /tmp/ghettoVCB-2013-10-24_11-43-18-17398616.log 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - ENABLE_COMPRESSION = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = all 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER = 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - VM_STARTUP_ORDER = 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: CONFIG - EMAIL_LOG = 0 2013-10-24 11:43:19 -- info: 2013-10-24 11:43:22 -- info: Initiate backup for vmname 2013-10-24 11:43:22 -- info: Creating Snapshot "ghettoVCB-snapshot-2013-10-24" for serv2 Destination disk format: VMFS thin-provisioned Cloning disk '/vmfs/volumes/esxi4-storage/vmname/vmname_1.vmdk'... Clone: 10% done. and it's been that way for over an hour now. Stuck at Clone: 10% done.. Thing is: I can see the vmdk on the NAS. And it looks like almost the whole thing is there. On the NAS it's showing ~430GB but on vSphere Client Summary is shows as 507GB. I don't see the vmdk on the NAS growing any more. The logfile mimics some of the above and is sitting at "Creating Snapshot..." and nothing else is coming in. Is the vmdk on the NAS showing all those GB because of the provisioning or something? i.e. is the size of the file not necessarily indicative of the amount of actual data that has been copied? Is there are reason it might be "Stuck" at 10%? i.e. could it really be taking this long? Any other tips? Thanks. Edit: as soon as I hit the Submit button, I glance over to see that it has incremented to 11% done. Good to know it'll be complete sometime around when the sun explodes.

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• OSX 10.6.6 SSH md5 break-in check

  - by Alex

  Information Recently one of the linux servers that I access was compromised to steal passwords and ssh keys using a modified ssh binary. This lead me to question if the attacker had compromised my OSX Laptop which had ssh access turned on. A sophos virus scan turned up nothing, and I did not have rkhunter installed before the attack, so I could not compare hashes of the system binaries to be sure. However because OSX is relatively standard for each of their major releases, I asked fiends for md5 hashes md5 /usr/bin/ssh and md5 /usr/sbin/sshd as a basic first check to see if there was anything different about my machine. A few emails later I have found the following data: Version (Arch) [N] MD5 (/usr/bin/ssh) MD5 (/usr/sbin/sshd) OSX 10.5.8 (PPC) [3] 1e9fd483eef23464ec61c815f7984d61 9d32a36294565368728c18de466e69f1 OSX 10.5.8 (intel) [5] 1e9fd483eef23464ec61c815f7984d61 9d32a36294565368728c18de466e69f1 OSX 10.6.x (intel) [7] 591fbe723011c17b6ce41c537353b059 e781fad4fc86cf652f6df22106e0bf0e OSX 10.6.x (intel) [4] 58be068ad5e575c303ec348a1c71d48b 33dafd419194b04a558c8404b484f650 Mine 10.6.6 (intel) df344cc00a294c91230c65e8b7332a79 b5094ccf4cd074aaf573d4f5df75906a where N is the number of machines with with that MD5, and the last row is my laptop. The sample is relatively heterogeneous spaning a few years of different makes and models of Apples, and different versions of 10.6.x. The different hash for my system made me worried that these binaries might have been compromised. So I made sure that my backup for the week was good, and dived into formatting my system and reinstalling OSX. After reinstalling OSX from the manufacturer DVD, I found that the MD5 hash did not change for either ssh, or sshd. Goal Make sure that my system is does not have any malicious software. Should I be worried that this base install of OSX (with no other software installed) has been compromised? I have also updated my system to 10.6.6 and found no change as well. Other Information I am not sure if this is helpful information, but my laptop is a i7 15 inch MacBook Pro bought in Nov 2010, and here is some output from system_profiler: System Software Overview: System Version: Mac OS X 10.6.6 (10J567) Kernel Version: Darwin 10.6.0 64-bit Kernel and Extensions: No Time since boot: 1:37 Hardware: Hardware Overview: Model Name: MacBook Model Identifier: MacBook6,2 Processor Name: Intel Core i7 Processor Speed: 2.66 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache (per core): 256 KB L3 Cache: 4 MB Memory: 4 GB Processor Interconnect Speed: 4.8 GT/s Boot ROM Version: MBP61.0057.B0C SMC Version (system): 1.58f16 Sudden Motion Sensor: State: Enabled On the laptop, I find: $ codesign -vvv /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh: valid on disk /usr/bin/ssh: satisfies its Designated Requirement $ codesign -vvv /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/sbin/sshd: valid on disk /usr/sbin/sshd: satisfies its Designated Requirement $ ls -la /usr/bin/ssh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1001520 Feb 11 2010 /usr/bin/ssh $ ls -la /usr/sbin/sshd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1304800 Feb 11 2010 /usr/sbin/sshd $ ls -la /sbin/md5 -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 65232 May 18 2009 /sbin/md5 Update So far I have not gotten an answer about this question, but if you could help by increasing the number of hashes that I can compare against, that would be great. To get hashes, and version numbers, run the following on osx: md5 /usr/bin/ssh md5 /usr/sbin/sshd ssh -V sw_vers

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• How to reinstall Mac OS X on OS X/Linux dual-boot system?

  - by strangeronyourtrain

  My setup: I have a MacBook Pro 5,5 with a Mac OS X Snow Leopard partition and a Linux partition. I use rEFIt to boot into Linux. I didn't use Boot Camp when I originally installed Linux; instead, I manually created the partition (with either Disk Utility in OS X or Gparted on a Linux live CD--I don't recall which one) and then installed Linux on it from a live CD. The problem: My OS X partition is corrupt, and I need to reinstall Snow Leopard. Since I installed rEFIt from within OS X, I'm concerned that wiping the OS X partition will prevent me from booting into my Linux partition. How can I do this without losing access to my Linux partition? Is it possible to install Snow Leopard on the partition I reserved for it, or will it automatically overwrite the entire drive? And if I do the fresh OS X install and then install rEFIt again, will it automatically recognize my Linux partition? Thanks for any tips! Specs: MacBook Pro 5,5 (Mid-2009); Snow Leopard 10.6.7/64-bit Sabayon Linux, 2.6.36 kernel EDIT/UPDATE: Thanks, but the situation has taken a more complicated turn: I tried to reinstall Snow Leopard from the DVD, but it refused to install onto my Mac partition, claiming: "The disk cannot be used to start up your computer." Disk Utility wouldn't let me resize the partition or create a new one, and it doesn't see my Linux partition. It only displays the two partitions "Macintosh HD" and Linux Swap. I can, however, see all the partitions from Linux. This is the partition table as shown in Gparted: And the output of "fdisk -l" is: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 409639 204819+ ee GPT /dev/sda2 409640 349590464 174590412+ af HFS / HFS+ /dev/sda3 483122745 488392064 2634660 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 * 349590465 483122744 66766140 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I wonder if this is because I originally partitioned my disk with Gparted instead of OS X's Disk Utility (at this point, I don't recall whether I used Gparted or Disk Utility). In any case, it doesn't seem safe to do any reformatting with Disk Utility now, as I'm afraid it will wipe sda2 ("Macintosh HD") as well as sda4 (my Linux partition). So... I'm hoping to find a solution that doesn't involve wiping my entire hard disk. Would it be safe/possible to use Gparted to erase sda2 ("Macintosh HD") and then use the Snow Leopard DVD to install OS X onto [I]just[/I] sda2 without touching the other partitions? Thanks for any insight!

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• MD3200 - 3 to 4x less throughput than MD1220. Am I missing something here?

  - by Igor Polishchuk

  I have two R710 servers with similar configuration. One in my office has MD1220 attached. Another one in the datacenter of my hosting services vendor has MD3200. I'm getting significantly worse throughput from MD3200 at my vendors setup. I'm mostly interested in sequential writes, and I'm getting these results in bonnie++ and dd tests: Seq. writes on MD1220 in my office: 1.1 GB/s - bonnie++, 1.3GB/s - dd Seq. writes on MD3200 at my vendor's: 240MB/s - bonnie++, 310MB/s - dd Unfortunately, I could not test the exactly the same configurations, but the two I have should be comparable. If anything, my good performing environment is cheaper than the bad performing. I expect at least similar throughput from these two setups. My vendor cannot really help me. Hopefully, somebody more familiar with the DAS performance can look at it and tell if I'm missing something here and my expectations are too high. To summarize, the question here is it reasonable to expect about 100MB/s of sequential write throughput per each couple of drives in RAID10 on MD3200? Is there any trick to enable such performance in MD3200 with dual controller as opposed to simple MD1220 with a single H800 adapter? More details about the configurations: A good one in my office: Dell R710 2CPU X5650 @ 2.67GHz 12 cores 96GB DDR3, OS: RHEL 5.5, kernel 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5 x86_64 20x300GB 2.5" SAS 10K in a single RAID10 1MB chunk size on MD1220 + Dell H800 I/O controller with 1GB cache in the host Not so good one at my vendor's: Dell R710 2CPU L5520 @ 2.27GHz 8 cores 144GB DDR3, OS: RHEL 5.5, kernel 2.6.18-194.11.4.el5 x86_64 20x146GB 2.5" SAS 15K in a single RAID10 512KB chunk size, Dell MD3200, 2 I/O controllers in array with 1GB cache each Additional information. I've also ran the same tests on the same vendor's host, but the storage was: two raids of 14x146GB 15K RPM drives RAID 10, striped together on the OS level on MD3000+MD1000. The performance was about 25% worse than on MD3200 despite having more drives. When I ran similar tests on the internal storage of my vendor's host (2x146GB 15K RPM drives RAID1, Perc 6i) I've got about 128MB/s seq. writes. Just two internal drives gave me about a half of 20 drives' throughput on MD3200. The random I/O performance of the MD3200 setup is ok, it gives me at least 1300 IOPS. I'm mostly have problems with sequentioal I/O throughput. Thank you for looking into it. Regards Igor

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• Using a 64bit Linux kernel, can't see more than 4GB of RAM in /proc/meminfo

  - by Chris Huang-Leaver

  I'm running my new computer which has 8GB of RAM installed, which is visable from BIOS page, does not show in /proc/meminfo uname -a Linux localhost 3.0.6-gentoo #2 SMP PREEMPT Sat Nov 19 10:45:22 GMT-- x86_64 AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 955 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux The result of /proc/meminfo is as follows: (thans Andrey) MemTotal: 4021348 kB MemFree: 1440280 kB Buffers: 23696 kB Cached: 1710828 kB SwapCached: 4956 kB Active: 1389904 kB Inactive: 841364 kB Active(anon): 1337812 kB Inactive(anon): 714060 kB Active(file): 52092 kB Inactive(file): 127304 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB SwapTotal: 8388604 kB SwapFree: 8047900 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 492732 kB Mapped: 47528 kB Shmem: 1555120 kB Slab: 267724 kB SReclaimable: 177464 kB SUnreclaim: 90260 kB KernelStack: 1176 kB PageTables: 12148 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 10399276 kB Committed_AS: 3293896 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 317008 kB VmallocChunk: 34359398908 kB AnonHugePages: 120832 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 23552 kB DirectMap2M: 3088384 kB DirectMap1G: 1048576 kB I have tried using mem=8G as a kernel boot parameter, I read a post about setting HIGHMEM64G to yes, before realising that only applies to 32bit kernels. Trying dmindecode -t memory SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0026, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer0 Serial Number: SerNum0 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber0 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM1 Bank Locator: BANK1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer1 Serial Number: SerNum1 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum1 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber1 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002C, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM2 Bank Locator: BANK2 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer2 Serial Number: SerNum2 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum2 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber2 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002E, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM3 Bank Locator: BANK3 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer3 Serial Number: SerNum3 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum3 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber3 Rank: Unknown

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• chkdsk, SeaTools, and "does not have enough space to replace bad clusters"

  - by Zian Choy

  When I tried to do a Windows Vista Complete PC Backup, I received an error message that blathered about bad sectors. Then, when I ran chkdsk /r on the destination drive, this is what I got: C:\Windows\system32>chkdsk /R E: The type of the file system is NTFS. Volume label is Desktop Backup. CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 5)... 822016 file records processed. File verification completed. 1 large file records processed. 0 bad file records processed. 0 EA records processed. 0 reparse records processed. CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 5)... 848938 index entries processed. Index verification completed. 0 unindexed files processed. CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 5)... 822016 security descriptors processed. Security descriptor verification completed. 13461 data files processed. CHKDSK is verifying file data (stage 4 of 5)... The disk does not have enough space to replace bad clusters detected in file 239649 of name . The disk does not have enough space to replace bad clusters detected in file 239650 of name . The disk does not have enough space to replace bad clusters detected in file 239651 of name . An unspecified error occurred.f 822000 files processed) Yet, when I ran the SeaTools short & long generic tests on the Seagate disk, I didn't receive any errors. I know that I could reformat the disk and try running chkdsk /r again but I'd prefer to avoid waiting 4 hours in the hope that the problem was magically fixed. On the other hand, if I RmA the drive to Seagate, I have no SeaTools error number to use and they may claim that the drive is just fine. What should I try to do next? Side frustration: There is plenty of free hard drive space. The E: partition has 182 GB free.

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• How to correctly partition usb flash drive and which filesystem to choose considering wear leveling?

  - by random1

  Two problems. First one: how to partition the flash drive? I shouldn't need to do this, but I'm no longer sure if my partition is properly aligned since I was forced to delete and create a new partition table after gparted complained when I tried to format the drive from FAT to ext4. The naive answer would be to say "just use default and everything is going to be alright". However if you read the following links you'll know things are not that simple: https://lwn.net/Articles/428584/ and http://linux-howto-guide.blogspot.com/2009/10/increase-usb-flash-drive-write-speed.html Then there is also the issue of cylinders, heads and sectors. Currently I get this: $sfdisk -l -uM /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 30147/64/32). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 30146 30146 30869504 83 Linux $fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 31.6 GB, 31611420672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3843 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010c28 So from my current understanding I should align partitions at 4 MiB (currently it's at 1 MiB). But I still don't know how to set the heads and sectors properly for my device. Second problem: file system. From the benchmarks I saw ext4 provides the best performance, however there is the issue of wear leveling. How can I know that my Transcend JetFlash 700's microcontroller provides for wear leveling? Or will I just be killing my drive faster? I've seen a lot of posts on the web saying don't worry the newer drives already take care of that. But I've never seen a single piece of backed evidence of that and at some point people start mixing SSD with USB flash drives technology. The safe option would be to go for ext2, however a serious of tests that I performed showed horrible performance!!! These values are from a real scenario and not some synthetic test: 42 files: 3,429,415,284 bytes copied to flash drive original fat32: 15.1 MiB/s ext4 after new partition table: 10.2 MiB/s ext2 after new partition table: 1.9 MiB/s Please read the links that I posted above before answering. I would also be interested in answers backed up with some references because a lot is said and re-said but then it lacks facts. Thank you for the help.

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• Can't manage iPod from linux anymore

  - by kemp

  I used to be able to see and manage my iPod with different softwares: Amarok, Rhythmbox, GTKPod. The device is a nano 1st generation 4gb. Currently it mounts regularly and can be accessed from the file system, but I get this in dmesg: [ 1547.617891] scsi 11:0:0:0: Direct-Access Apple iPod 1.62 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 1547.619103] sd 11:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 1547.620478] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 [ 1547.620494] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] 7999487 512-byte hardware sectors: (4.09 GB/3.81 GiB) [ 1547.621718] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 1547.621726] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 68 00 00 08 [ 1547.621732] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 1547.623591] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 [ 1547.624993] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 1547.625003] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 [ 1547.629686] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 1548.084026] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.369502] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.504358] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) [ 1548.504363] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. [ 1548.945173] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.945179] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) [ 1548.945182] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. [ 1610.092886] usb 2-6: USB disconnect, address 9 The only application that can access it (partially) is Rhythmbox. I say partially because I can transfer files to the iPod but can't remove or modify them. Also one transfer didn't finish and only 9 out of 16 songs were delivered to the device. All other softwares I tried (GTKPod, Amarok, Songbird) don't even detect it. What can I do to troubleshoot this? EDIT: # fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 4095 MB, 4095737344 bytes 241 heads, 62 sectors/track, 535 cylinders Units = cylinders of 14942 * 512 = 7650304 bytes Disk identifier: 0x20202020 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 11 80293+ 0 Empty Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 1, 1) logical=(0, 1, 2) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(9, 254, 63) logical=(10, 181, 8) Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 11 536 3919415+ b W95 FAT32 Partition 2 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(10, 0, 7) logical=(10, 181, 15) Partition 2 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(497, 240, 62) logical=(535, 88, 61) EDIT2: The "before" state is hard to tell, it was a lot of updates ago. Haven't been using my iPod for a while so I can't say when exactly it stopped working. I'm sure Amarok was still at version 1.X but can't remember when it was. My current system is debian testing fully updated. NOTE: just noticed that if I mount the device manually instead of letting nautilus automount it, I can see it again on GTKPod but still not on Banshee AND it's vanished from Rhythmbox...

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