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• Manually forcing TCP connection to retry

  - by Vi

  I have a TCP connection (SSH session to some computer for example) Network suddenly goes down and drops all packets (disconnected cable, out of range). TCP resends packets again and again, retrying with increasing delays. I see the problem and plug the cable back (or restore network somehow). TCP connection finally successfully resends some packet and continues. The problem is that I need to wait for a some timeout on point 5. I want to use my opened SSH session now and not wait for 5-10 seconds until it finds out that connection is working again. How to force all TCP connections to resend data without now in GNU/Linux?

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• Problem with character encoding on email sent via PHP?

  - by cosgrove

  Hi everybody, Having some trouble sending properly formatted HTML e-mail from a PHP script. I am running PHP 5.3.0 and Apache 2.2.11 on Windows XP Professional. The output looks like this: Agent Summary for Support on Tuesday April 20 2010=20 Ext. Name Time Volume 137 Agent Name 01:27:25 1 138 =09 00:00:00 0 139 =09 00:00:00 0 You see the =20 and =09 in there? If you look at the HTML you also see = signs being turned into =3D. I figure this is a character encoding issue as I read the following at Wikipedia: ISO-8859-1 and Windows-1252 confusion It is very common to mislabel text data with the charset label ISO-8859-1, even though the data is really Windows-1252 encoded. In Windows-1252, codes between 0x80 and 0x9F are used for letters and punctuation, whereas they are control codes in ISO-8859-1. Many web browsers and e-mail clients will interpret ISO-8859-1 control codes as Windows-1252 characters in order to accommodate such mislabeling but it is not standard behaviour and care should be taken to avoid generating these characters in ISO-8859-1 labeled content. This looks like the problem but I don't know how to fix. My code looks like this: ob_start(); report_queue_summary($yesterday,$yesterday,$first_extension,$last_extension,$queue); $body_report = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); $body_footer = "This is an automatically generated e-mail."; $message = new Mail_mime(); $html = $body_header.$body_report.$body_footer; $message->setHTMLBody($html); $body = $message->get(); $extraheaders = array("From"=>"***redacted***","To"=>$recipient, "Subject"=>"Agent Summary for $yesterday [$queue]", "Content-type"=>"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"); $headers = $message->headers($extraheaders); # setup e-mail; $host = "*********"; $port = "26"; $username = "*****"; $password = "*****"; # Send e-mail $smtp = Mail::factory('smtp', array ('host' => $host, 'port' => $port, 'auth' => true, 'username' => $username, 'password' => $password)); $mail = $smtp->send($recipient, $extraheaders, $body); if (PEAR::isError($mail)) { echo("" . $mail->getMessage() . ""); } else { echo("Message successfully sent!"); } Is the problem that I'm using output buffering?

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• how to get bash prompt on login

  - by user419534

  When I connect to remote machine uisng ssh, by default it is not on bash prompt. To get bash prompt by default on login I did as below by create .cshrc file in my home directory if ($?prompt) then setenv SHELL /bin/bash exec $SHELL -login endif It works well and I am getting bash shell but I have another file as .bashrc in my home directory which gets executed when i run bash explicitly and I have done lot of customization in this file as per my requirement. Is it possible to get my .bashrc executed somehow from .cshrc or some other way? For example I need to go connect to host B from host A, I do this From A - ssh B this brings host B but not with bash prompt. To get bash prompt I created .cshrc as mentioned above but my above code snippet does not call my .bashrc script.

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• How can a Virtualbox host connect to a guest VM when host wireless is disabled / host Ethernet cable is unplugged?

  - by uloBasEI

  I have a Virtualbox VM running on a computer connected to Internet via an Ethernet cable. The guest has a network adapter attached to a NAT. 2 ports (22 and 80) are forwarded so that the host can access them respectively on localhost:2222 and localhost:8080. When the Ethernet cable is plugged, both machine (host and guest) can access Internet and the host can access the SSH server/Webserver which ports are forwarded. When I unplug the Ethernet cable from the host, the host can not access the SSH server/Webserver of the guest anymore. Same situation with a Laptop connected to Internet via wireless when I disable the wireless adapter or set a wrong WPA key. My question is: is there a workaround for the host to access the guest services even if its Ethernet cable is unplugged / wireless is not available?

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• MySQL - complete server migration (Ubuntu) [closed]

  - by Mr A

  Possible Duplicate: How to copy and move mysql database Dump all databases with SSH access I'm setting up a new dev machine, and I have the old one sitting right next to me. I'd like to do an exact copy of all MySQL structures and data from the old machine to the new. Nothing fancy needs to happen (it's a dev machine). No replication. I don't care about "downtimes" etc. Is there a super simple way to do this? For example, I have SSH on the old server, can I just use Nautilus, do a connect to server, and then transfer a folder over, replacing another folder with it and be done? It's the same version of MySQL on both sides. Same version of Ubuntu. Same in most respects.

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• What else can I do to secure my Linux server?

  - by eric01

  I want to put a web application on my Linux server: I will first explain to you what the web app will do and then I will tell you what I did so far to secure my brand new Linux system. The app will be a classified ads website (like gumtree.co.uk) where users can sell their items, upload images, send to and receive emails from the admin. It will use SSL for some pages. I will need SSH. So far, what I did to secure my stock Ubuntu (latest version) is the following: NOTE: I probably did some things that will prevent the application from doing all its tasks, so please let me know of that. My machine's sole purpose will be hosting the website. (I put numbers as bullet points so you can refer to them more easily) 1) Firewall I installed Uncomplicated Firewall. Deny IN & OUT by default Rules: Allow IN & OUT: HTTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSH, UDP port 53 (DNS), UDP port 123 (SNTP), SSL, port 443 (the ones I didn't allow were FTP, NFS, Samba, VNC, CUPS) When I install MySQL & Apache, I will open up Port 3306 IN & OUT. 2) Secure the partition in /etc/fstab, I added the following line at the end: tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw 0 0 Then in console: mount -o remount /dev/shm 3) Secure the kernel In the file /etc/sysctl.conf, there are a few different filters to uncomment. I didn't know which one was relevant to web app hosting. Which one should I activate? They are the following: A) Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to prevent spoofing attacks B) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4 C) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6 D) Do no accept ICMP redirects (we are not a router) E) Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default gateway list F) Do not send ICMP redirects G) Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router) H) Log Martian Packets 4) Configure the passwd file Replace "sh" by "false" for all accounts except user account and root. I also did it for the account called sshd. I am not sure whether it will prevent SSH connection (which I want to use) or if it's something else. 5) Configure the shadow file In the console: passwd -l to lock all accounts except user account. 6) Install rkhunter and chkrootkit 7) Install Bum Disabled those services: "High performance mail server", "unreadable (kerneloops)","unreadable (speech-dispatcher)","Restores DNS" (should this one stay on?) 8) Install Apparmor_profiles 9) Install clamav & freshclam (antivirus and update) What did I do wrong and what should I do more to secure this Linux machine? Thanks a lot in advance

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• PHPMyAdmin running very slow over internet but fine locally

  - by columbo

  I connect to PHPMyAdmin remotely on a Centos server using my local PC via Firefox. Usually it's fine but today it's really slow (2 minutes to load a page), sometimes timing out. Other connections to the server are fine. The SSH command line is as fast as ever as is the GNOME dekstop over SSH. In fact on the GNOME desktop I can run PHPMyAdmin locally from its browser and it's as quick as ever (which is a solution to the problem of course). I've checked the various log files and seen nothing unusual, I've logged into the MySQL command line and the database is running fine without any slowing what so ever. So it just seems to be slow when I access PHPMyAdmin on the server from the browser on my remote PC (I've tried IE and Firefox, both are slow). Has anyone experienced this or have any ideas what the issue could be. Connecting via CLI through tunnel works OK - problem is in phpMyAdmin for sure. Cheers

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• Set up Ubuntu in Virtualbox to have static ip

  - by Don H

  I frequently work in different locations, and need to have a virtualbox version of Ubuntu server running locally. While I was at home getting it set up, I was able to ssh into the server using the locally allocated IP address. However, now that I'm elsewhere, ifconfig is still showing the old 10.0.x.x ip address, but instead of being in the 10.0.x.x space, my laptop's ip starts with 192.168.x.x With that in mind, if there a straightforward way to set up the virtual box Ubuntu server in such a way that I can just connect using "ssh servername" regardless of it's ip address?

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• Fix X11 forwarding on OSX

  - by Such

  I am looking for a way to fix/debug a X11 forwarding session on OSX. Here is my situation: From my mac I connect to a Ubuntu workstation with ssh -X (tried ssh -Y as well). X11 forwarding works perfectly with firefox for instance, X11/Quartz is started automatically on OSX and firefox is displayed. X11 forwarding does not work with bat (Bacula graphical console): X11 is started but no window is displayed. There are no errors (/private/var/log/system.log). When I try doing the same from another Ubuntu workstation, it works perfectly for both firefox and bat. I guess the problem is on OSX side then. I tried switching some options in X11 but nothing works. Would you have any idea on how to move forward? Thanks!

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• How to access vm inside a vm via VNC?

  - by can.

  For some reasons I installed virtual machines inside a virtual machine, like this: A( B( C )) where A is the physical machine, B is a vm and the network type is NAT. And C is also a virtual machine and the network type is bridged. The OSes are Ubuntu 12.04 and the hypervisors are kvm. I can access B via VNC and via ssh from A, but for C I can't use ssh because C has no IP address at the start. And I assume I can only access C via VNC. I tried something like(on A): iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $ip-of-A -p tcp --dport 6500 -j DNAT --to-destination $ip-of-B:5900 (I referred to this) But it doesn't work. And I'm reading the man pages of iptables and hope someone could help :)

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• BASH_ENV ignored on solaris?

  - by Peeter Joot

  In my .bash_profile, executed for both my interactive and non-interactive logins are BASH_ENV=$HOME/.myinteractivestuff export BASH_ENV doing this for bash on Linux works fine, but on Solaris is not sourced: bash --version GNU bash, version 3.00.16(1)-release (sparc-sun-solaris2.10) Curiously, if I invoke screen within my login shell, BASH_ENV is then read. Are any restrictions on when $BASH_ENV is respected on Solaris? In my case I'm logging in with ssh using putty, but also tried unix to unix ssh, and telnet and see the same. Note that I know that my BASH_ENV variable assignment is being executed since I can echo this variable after login without any trouble (ie: ruling out the obvious possibility that my .bash_profile is also not being read).

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• ESX Firewall Command Troubles

  - by John

  Hi, I am working on creating some firewall rules to stop some of the SSH brute-force attacks that we have seen recently on our ESX server hosts. I have tried the following rules from the CLI to first block all SSH traffic and then allow the two ranges that I am interested in: esxcfg-firewall --ipruleAdd 0.0.0.0/0,22,tcp,REJECT,"Block_SSH" esxcfg-firewall --ipruleAdd 11.130.0.0/16,22,tcp,ACCEPT,"Allow_PUBLIC_SSH" esxcfg-firewall --ipruleAdd 10.130.0.0/16,22,tcp,ACCEPT,"Allow_PRIVATE_SSH" However, these rules are not working as intended. I know that if you do not enter the block rule first, then the allow rule will not be processed. We are now having the issue where the first entered allow rule is being ignored such that the block rule works and the last entered allow rule works. I was curious if anyone had any ideas on how I could allow a few different ranges of IP's with the esxcfg-firewall --ipruleAdd command? I am at a loss and am having a hard time locating examples or further documentation about this. Thanks in advance for your help with this.

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• Automating Firefox configuration settings

  - by Richard100

  Hi All, During web development work, I need to be able to quickly switch various config settings in Firefox. In particular I need to be able to: 1) Switch off cookies 2) Switch off javascript 3) Switch my user agent (I have the user-agent switcher add-on installed) and then back again. Instead of doing this manually, it would be great if i could add a "macro" button to my toolbar that I could simply click to toggle the three settings above. Anyone know if this is possible? Btw - Firefox Profiles doesn't really cut it. You can't dynamically switch profiles within a specific Firefox instance, which I need to be able to do. Btw2 - I got excited when i saw Greasemonkey, Chicken Foot, but it looks like these can only automate browsing/DOM tasks, and not with firefox configuration settings. Thanks Richard.

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• Make services not start automatically after reboot (as they require access to an encrypted partition)

  - by Binary255

  Hi, I use Ubuntu Server 10.04. I more or less only want the server to be accessible over SSH after a reboot. I will then login and mount the encrypted partition myself, after which I start the services which uses it. How would I go about setting something like that up? (My first idea was to have everything except /boot in an encrypted LVM, but I never got logging in through SSH and mounting the LVM to work. Initramfs was a bit too complicated for me. Otherwise I think this would have been the best solution.)

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• I overwrote a large file with a blank one on a linux server. Can I recover the existing file?

  - by user39234

  I came back to my machine, tried saving a file over ssh onto my linux server (CentOS). It failed. I wasn't interested in keeping any changes I had made so I closed my editor and reopened the file (over ssh). The save attempt wiped the file. I have made loads of changes to it since I last uploaded to revision control. Seeing as it has just wiped the file I assume the data is still there. It's just a text file (php), is there any way of recovering it?

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• Workaround broken sudo?

  - by perreal

  I managed to break sudo by deleting the libc.so.6 sym-link in /lib. I copied the actual file and created a symbolic link with the same name under my home directory by using LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libc-2.11.3.so. At this point, all binaries linking libc are working through preload except sudo. For sudo, I need to write (and don't know why): $ /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 --library-path . /usr/bin/sudo but this gives me: $ sudo: must be setuid root Checking the permissions: $ ls -l /usr/bin/sudo $ -rwsr-xr-x 2 root root 166120 So the setuid bit is actually set. Question: I need to create a symbolic link named /lib/libc.so.6 through my active ssh connection without using sudo, or, make sudo work somehow. I don't have the root password and I can't connect through ssh anymore. Is there any other way I can get authorization?

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• is there a linux equivalent of iTerm(mac) sending command to multiple tabs functionality?

  - by jabbertalker

  in iTerm, you can send a command to execute simultaneously on a set of already opened tabs. Is there a way to do this in linux (with gnome-terminal preferably)? for instance, supposed that I had 10 tabs already ssh'd into [email protected] and sudoed to root and wanted to send a command to run on all 10 tabs. The goal of this is to be able to stay within a set of tabs and command them, rather than having to use expect scripts to ssh and elevate and run commands. Basically, like how you could do in iTerm.

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• Amazon EC2 IPSEC

  - by John Qualis

  I have configured a ubuntu 12.04 64-bit server machine on Amazon AWS to act as a strongswan IPSEC server. I want to connect to it from my MAC OSX Lion's inbuilt IPSEC client. The OSX machine is in my home network. I log into the AWS machine using a ssh to ubuntu@public-ip and I provide the private RSA key in form of .pem file which I downloaded when the machine instance was created. The ssh connection works file but the IPSEC connection fails. What credentials/configurations should I provide for an IPSEC connection from my OSX client to AWS ubuntu server? My OSX machine is behind an ISP provided modem/router. Appreciate any help and thanks in advance

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• Automatic Server Management

  - by Radoslav

  I try to find any kind of automatic management services. What I mean: I purchase dedicated server. Login SSH and install any kind of Daemon. Control security, tune LAMP stack, monitoring etc. from dashboard. Never touch SSH and login in to the server. Pay every month for this service. I already find few providers, but they support only EC2 cloud servers. If you can suggest me anything for dedicated machines? If not- I need to hire anyone for 5h Administrator and 715h "Box-Watcher" every month :|

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• How do you know which domain owns the hosting?

  - by BubbleStalker

  For example if I have 1) host adress 2) login 3) password, I am entering by SSH on ruby on rails hosting, then how can i be sured that this hosting belongs to a specific domain? for example how can I know if www.site.com - belongs to some specific hosting to which I have access. I am asking this because I have access to hosting of ruby on rails, and when i modify files, there is no changes, i've tried to use the files "script", "serv", "restart.txt" - by ssh: touch tmp/restart.txt ./serv restart script restart nothing of the above helped...and I don't know what to do, any ideas?

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• Unable to connect to vrde virtualbox VM remotely

  - by b1ackjosh

  So I've remotely created my first headless using ssh. Now I'm attempting to connect to this VM using RDP so I can install Ubuntu Server, but I cannot get connected at all. When starting the VM everything appears fine: $ vboxheadless -s WebTesting Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.0.16 (C) 2008-2012 Oracle Corporation All rights reserved. VRDE server is listening on port 4455. And showvminfo shows: VRDE: enabled (Address 0.0.0.0, Ports 4455, MultiConn: off, ReuseSingleConn: off, Authentication type: null) However I'm still prompted with the "enter your credentials" screen every time I attempt to connect. From reading the documentation null shouldn't prompt me with this screen at all... Any help with this is greatly appreciated. P.S. I am using ssh tunneling in putty to tunnel in to my network.

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• pscp: how to copy a file from a windows machine to a non-home location on another windows machine?

  - by help

  I want to copy a file from C:\temp on MachineA to C:\final on MachineB. I tried to use the following command, but it gave me an error (permission denied): C:\PROGRA~1\putty\pscp.exe -i C:\PROGRA~1\cwRsync\home\rcadmin\.ssh\id_rsa_private.ppk [email protected]:C:\final\test.txt C:\temp\test.txt It turned out I can only access C:\users\direcpc in my source computer. So if I put the file in C:\users\direcpc\text.txt, then it would work: C:\PROGRA~1\putty\pscp.exe -i C:\PROGRA~1\cwRsync\home\rcadmin\.ssh\id_rsa_private.ppk [email protected]:/test.txt C:\temp\test.txt But I want to access any location on my source computer instead of just my user home directory, is there a way to do this?

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• Subprocess statement works in python console but not work in Serverdensity plugin?

  - by maxigs

  in the python console the following statement works perfectly fine (i guess using eval that way is not really good, but its just for testing purpose in this case and will be replaced with proper parsing) $ python >>> import subprocess >>> r = subprocess.Popen(['/home/kupferwerk/sd-agent-plugins/plugin1.rb'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True).communicate()[0] >>> data = eval(r) >>> data {'test': 1} when i convert this into a Serverdensity plugin however it keeps crashing the agent.py daemon everytime it executes the plugin. i was able to narrow it down to the subprocess line but could not find out why. exception catching did not seem to work also. here how the plugin looks like: class plugin1: def run(self): r = subprocess.Popen(['/pathto/plugin1.rb'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True).communicate()[0] data = eval(r) return data I'm quite new to work with python and cant really figure out why this wont work. Thanks a lot for ideas :)

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• Editing remotely the PHP files on a Centos server

  - by Alex2012

  I have a intranet web server (Centos 6, Apache, PHP) to which I would like to give access to a developer. He will connect by remote desktop from Windows 7 to Ubuntu 12.4 and from here by SSH to /var/www/html folder where it has to create and edit the files. This solution was chosen because: - I could not make a remote desktop connection from Windows to Centos - The web developer need some editor for PHP files and is not allowed to install software on Windows 7 machine - it is more a test solution ( we are all learning to use Linux). When the developer is connected from Ubuntu to Centos by SSH (SFTP) he could save the changes only if on Centos the account used to connect has ownership to that folder. Can you please tell how can I give all required rights. I tried different solutions found on Internet but without to much success. Are there other way to connect to Centos server?

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• How can I access my desktop computer from my Android phone?

  - by Qurben

  Is it possible to access a computer connected to the internet through an Android phone? (the internet goes through the phone by tethering) I want to use ssh to connect to the computer (from a different computer in the same network), but I am not able to access the computer. Is it possible to portforward, use some kind of transparent proxy or to use DMZ? My phone is rooted and I have Cyanogenmod installed and I can use iptables. EDIT: The changed title completely changed the question! My setup is the following: I have an android phone connected to a computer through the usb cable tethering internet from the phone, I wanted to ssh into the computer behind the android phone from another computer in the same network as the android phone. This was not possible, because the android phone creates a separate network for the connected computer, effectively shielding it from any incoming signals. It turned out to be quite simple to fix by just using iptables.

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