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• git: having 2 push/pull repos in sync (or 1 push/pull and 1 pull in sync)

  - by xavjuan

  Hello, We work on multiple geographically seperate sites. Today I have our git clones all live on one site A. Then users from site B have to ssh over to do a git clone or to push in changes. These are bare repos where the update is through pushes. Ideally, for git clone/push performance, I'd like to limit having to go over ssh. I'd like to have a copy of git repo X live on site A and site B... and have some syncing mechanism between them. OR to have X live on both sites, but only allow pushing to A (and have that setup correctly at clone time on B) I'm worried about the case where someone on site A pushes changes to the repo at site A at the same time that someone on site B pushes a truely conflicting change to the repo at site B. Is there some 'sync'ing solution built into git for distributed open repos like this? Or a way to have a clone from X set the origin/parent to the X from the other site? thanks, -John

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• Safe executing shell scripts; escaping vars before execution.

  - by Kirzilla

  Hello, Let's imagine that we have a simple php script that should get ssh_host, ssh_username, ssh_port from $_GET array and try to connect using this parameters to SSH. $port = escapeshellcmd($_GET['ssh_port']); $host = escapeshellcmd($_GET['ssh_host']); $username = escapeshellcmd($_GET['ssh_username']); $answer = shell_exec("ssh -p " . $port . " " . $user . "@" . $host); Is escapeshellcmd() enough or I need something more tricky? Or maybe I should use escapeshellarg() in this example? Thank you.

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• Iptables block host

  - by Peter

  Hi, how I can block a whole host (internet provider), or allow only one country for ssh login?

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• Python: Converting a tuple to a string with 'err'

  - by skylarking

  Given this : import os import subprocess def check_server(): cl = subprocess.Popen(["nmap","10.7.1.71"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) result = cl.communicate() print result check_server() check_server() returns this tuple: ('\nStarting Nmap 4.53 ( http://insecure.org ) at 2010-04-07 07:26 EDT\nInteresting ports on 10.7.1.71:\nNot shown: 1711 closed ports\nPORT STATE SERVICE\n21/tcp open ftp\n22/tcp open ssh\n80/tcp open http\n\nNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.293 seconds\n', None) Changing the second line in the method to result, err = cl.communicate() results in check_server() returning : Starting Nmap 4.53 ( http://insecure.org ) at 2010-04-07 07:27 EDT Interesting ports on 10.7.1.71: Not shown: 1711 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.319 seconds Looks to be the case that the tuple is converted to a string, and the \n's are being stripped.... but how? What is 'err' and what exactly is it doing?

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• PVM terminates after Adding Host

  - by Tyug

  On Ubuntu 9.10 using PVM 3.4.5-12 (the PVM package when you use apt-get) The program terminates after adding a host. laptop> pvm pvm> add bowtie-slave add bowtie-slave terminated laptop> Current Configuration only $PVM_RSH = bin/usr/ssh I can ssh perfectly fine into the slave without a password, and run commands on it. Any ideas? Thanks in advance! Here are the sample logs: Laptop log [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 laptop (127.0.1.1:xxxxx) LINUX 3.4.5 [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 ready Thu Feb 11 10:23:32 2010 [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 netoutput() sendto: errno=22 [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 em=0x2c24f0 [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 [49/à][6e/à][76/à][61/à][6c/à][69/à][64/à][20/à][61/à][72/à] [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 netoutput() sendto: Invalid argument [t80040000] 02/11 10:23:32 pvmbailout(0) bowtie-log [t80080000] 02/11 10:23:25 bowtie-slave (xxx.x.x.xxx:xxxxx) LINUX64 3.4.5 [t80080000] 02/11 10:23:25 ready Thu Feb 11 10:23:25 2010 [t80080000] 02/11 10:28:26 work() run = STARTUP, timed out waiting for master [t80080000] 02/11 10:28:26 pvmbailout(0)

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• How can I make an expect script prompt for a password?

  - by MiniQuark

  I have an expect script that connects to a few routers through ssh. All these routers have the same password (I know, it's wrong), and the script needs to know that password in order to be able to connect to the routers. Currently, the password is passed to my script as an argument on the command line, but this means that there's a trace of that password in my .bash_history file as well as in the running processes. So instead I would like the user to be prompted for a password, if possible silently. Do you know whether or not it's possible to prompt the user for a password with expect? Thank you. Edit: if I was connecting to servers instead of routers, I would probably use ssh keys instead of passwords. But the routers I'm using just support passwords.

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• Get Process ID of Program Started with C# Process.Start

  - by ThaKidd

  Thanks in advance of all of your help! I am currently developing a program in C# 2010 that launches PLink (Putty) to create a SSH Tunnel. I am trying to make the program able to keep track of each tunnel that is open so a user may terminate those instances that are no longer needed. I am currently using System.Diagnostics.Process.Start to run PLink (currently Putty being used). I need to determine the PID of each plink program when it is launched so a user can terminate it at will. Question is how to do that and am I using the right .Net name space or is there something better? Code snippet: private void btnSSHTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { String puttyConString; puttyConString = "-ssh -P " + cboSSHVersion.SelectedText + " -" + txtSSHPort.Text + " -pw " + txtSSHPassword.Text + " " + txtSSHUsername.Text + "@" + txtSSHHostname.Text; Process.Start("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Putty\\putty.exe", puttyConString); }

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• OCIError (ruby on rails)

  - by swingfuture

  I am using rails freeze 1.2.3 to run a rails app. Because the app is on a remote machine, I used ssh tunnel (ssh -l -L) to show the app on my screen. When I ran it, it correctly prompted the login page, after I put in the info, I got this error: OCIError in ServiceController Error while trying to retrieve text for error ORA-12154 I have tried the same app on a different machine w/o using freeze (because that machine has rails version 1.2.3 while current one has 2.0.2). Is that where the error comes from? Thanks.

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• how to mysqldump remote db from local machine

  - by Mauritz Hansen

  Hi folks, I need to do a mysqldump of a database on a remote server, but the server does not have mysqldump installed. I would like to use the mysqldump on my machine to connect to the remote database and do the dump on my machine. I have tried to create an ssh tunnel and then do the dump, but this does not seem to work. I tried: ssh -f -L3310:remote.server:3306 [email protected] -N The tunnel is created with success. If I do telnet localhost 3310 I get some blurb which shows the correct server mysql version. However, doing the following seems to try to connect locally mysqldump -P 3310 -h localhost -u mysql_user -p database_name table_name Can someone assist me? Thanks, Mauritz

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• PHP CLI Application on Debian: why can't I output a line break?

  - by Steffen Müller

  Hello! I have a really puzzling problem: I am writing a PHP CLI application running on a debian server. I am connected to the server via SSH, just the normal way. Everything runs as usual. Except the following: echo "My CLI fun\n\n"; echo "Is this."; Outputs on the SSH terminal, when executing the PHP script: My CLI funIs this. I am really puzzled as I have never had such a problem. The bash behaves normal in all other aspects. I already tried to output chr(10) and such, same problem. Does anybody have a clue?

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• Custom script in .screenrc

  - by benoror

  Hi. I made a script that spawns a remote shell or runs a local shell whether it's on the current machine or not: #!/bin/bash # By: benoror <[email protected]> # # spawns a remote shell or runs a local shell whether it's on the current machine or not # $1 = hostname if [ "$(hostname)" == "$1" ]; then bash else ssh "$1.local" fi For example, if I'm on server1: ./spawnshell.sh server1 -> runs bash ./spawnshell.sh server2 -> ssh to server2.local I want that script to run automatically in separate tabs in GNU Screen, but I can't make it run, my .screenrc: ... screen -t "@server1" 1 exec /home/benoror/scripts/spawnshell.sh server1 screen -t "@server2" 2 exec /home/benoror/scripts/spawnshell.sh server2 ... But it doesn't works, I've tried without 'exec', with -X option and a lot more. Any ideas ?

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• Hudson jobs won't call javac?

  - by Dissonant

  Hi, I have just set up Hudson on my server. For some reason, my build will not call javac to compile my builds...? I have set the path to the JDK in the Manage Hudson area, and it seems to recognise it (doesn't give me a warning). Is there something else I'm supposed to do? Here's a sample console output of one of my jobs (note how javac isn't called at all): Started by user admin Checking out svn+ssh://myhost.com/Project1 A /src/Program.java A build.xml U At revision 119 no change for svn+ssh://myhost.com/Project1 since the previous build Finished: SUCCESS

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• How do I prevent TCP connection freezes over an OpenVPN network?

  - by Jason R

  New details added at the end of this question; it's possible that I'm zeroing in on the cause. I have a UDP OpenVPN-based VPN set up in tap mode (I need tap because I need the VPN to pass multicast packets, which doesn't seem to be possible with tun networks) with a handful of clients across the Internet. I've been experiencing frequent TCP connection freezes over the VPN. That is, I will establish a TCP connection (e.g. an SSH connection, but other protocols have similar issues), and at some point during the session, it seems that traffic will cease being transmitted over that TCP session. This seems to be related to points at which large data transfers occur, such as if I execute an ls command in an SSH session, or if I cat a long log file. Some Google searches turn up a number of answers like this previous one on Server Fault, indicating that the likely culprit is an MTU issue: that during periods of high traffic, the VPN is trying to send packets that get dropped somewhere in the pipes between the VPN endpoints. The above-linked answer suggests using the following OpenVPN configuration settings to mitigate the problem: fragment 1400 mssfix This should limit the MTU used on the VPN to 1400 bytes and fix the TCP maximum segment size to prevent the generation of any packets larger than that. This seems to mitigate the problem a bit, but I still frequently see the freezes. I've tried a number of sizes as arguments to the fragment directive: 1200, 1000, 576, all with similar results. I can't think of any strange network topology between the two ends that could trigger such a problem: the VPN server is running on a pfSense machine connected directly to the Internet, and my client is also connected directly to the Internet at another location. One other strange piece of the puzzle: if I run the tracepath utility, then that seems to band-aid the problem. A sample run looks like: [~]$ tracepath -n 192.168.100.91 1: 192.168.100.90 0.039ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.100.91 40.823ms reached 1: 192.168.100.91 19.846ms reached Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 1 back 64 The above run is between two clients on the VPN: I initiated the trace from 192.168.100.90 to the destination of 192.168.100.91. Both clients were configured with fragment 1200; mssfix; in an attempt to limit the MTU used on the link. The above results would seem to suggest that tracepath was able to detect a path MTU of 1500 bytes between the two clients. I would assume that it would be somewhat smaller due to the fragmentation settings specified in the OpenVPN configuration. I found that result somewhat strange. Even stranger, however: if I have a TCP connection in the stalled state (e.g. an SSH session with a directory listing that froze in the middle), then executing the tracepath command shown above causes the connection to start up again! I can't figure out any reasonable explanation for why this would be the case, but I feel like this might be pointing toward a solution to ultimately eradicate the problem. Does anyone have any recommendations for other things to try? Edit: I've come back and looked at this a bit further, and have found only more confounding information: I set the OpenVPN connection to fragment at 1400 bytes, as shown above. Then, I connected to the VPN from across the Internet and used Wireshark to look at the UDP packets that were sent to the VPN server while the stall occurred. None were greater than the specified 1400 byte count, so the fragmentation seems to be functioning properly. To verify that even a 1400-byte MTU would be sufficient, I pinged the VPN server using the following (Linux) command: ping <host> -s 1450 -M do This (I believe) sends a 1450-byte packet with fragmentation disabled (I at least verified that it didn't work if I set it to an obviously-too-large value like 1600 bytes). These seem to work just fine; I get replies back from the host with no issue. So, maybe this isn't an MTU issue at all. I'm just confused as to what else it might be! Edit 2: The rabbit hole just keeps getting deeper: I've now isolated the problem a bit more. It seems to be related to the exact OS that the VPN client uses. I have successfully duplicated the problem on at least three Ubuntu machines (versions 12.04 through 13.04). I can reliably duplicate an SSH connection freeze within a minute or so by just cat-ing a large log file. However, if I do the same test using a CentOS 6 machine as a client, then I don't see the problem! I've tested using the exact same OpenVPN client version as I was using on the Ubuntu machines. I can cat log files for hours without seeing the connection freeze. This seems to provide some insight as to the ultimate cause, but I'm just not sure what that insight is. I have examined the traffic over the VPN using Wireshark. I'm not a TCP expert, so I'm not sure what to make of the gory details, but the gist is that at some point, a UDP packet gets dropped due to the limited bandwidth of the Internet link, causing TCP retransmissions inside the VPN tunnel. On the CentOS client, these retransmissions occur properly and things move on happily. At some point with the Ubuntu clients, though, the remote end starts retransmitting the same TCP segment over and over (with the transmit delay increasing between each retransmission). The client sends what looks like a valid TCP ACK to each retransmission, but the remote end still continues to transmit the same TCP segment periodically. This extends ad infinitum and the connection stalls. My question here would be: Does anyone have any recommendations for how to troubleshoot and/or determine the root cause of the TCP issue? It's as if the remote end isn't accepting the ACK messages sent by the VPN client. One common difference between the CentOS node and the various Ubuntu releases is that Ubuntu has a much more recent Linux kernel version (from 3.2 in Ubuntu 12.04 to 3.8 in 13.04). A pointer to some new kernel bug maybe? I'm assuming that if that were so, then I wouldn't be the only one experiencing the problem; I don't think this seems like a particularly exotic setup.

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• Working with git from 2 laptops with no bare repo

  - by matiit

  I've started project in my first laptop. git init, and start working. Tomorrow i'm going to vacations. I want to take with me my smaller laptop. And work with project from time to time. I cloned repository via ssh from bigger laptop (git clone ssh://adress) And when i will back, what is the best way to push changes from smaller laptop to the bigger one? There is no bare repo in bigger laptop. And i want to work with that repo on the bigger laptop later, so i have to do this clear.

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• Socket left in TIME_WAIT after file transfer via netcat

  - by com

  Using Copying by NetCat I am trying to copy files throught network by NetCat. From console it work pretty well. First I run listening netcat on the destination machine and after I run sending on source machine. The problem is it's doen't work from script from the source machine: ssh -f user@$desthost 'nc -l 1234 | tar xvf - /dev/null &' #listening on destination host tar cv /tmp/file | nc $desthost 1234 #sending to destination host I saw that after running port 1234 is still was open and status of the socket was TIME_WAIT. If you know what's the problem, please, help me out. And by the way, after copying how can I validate that the content is identical? Thanks! Addendum: I found one very strange thing, the same implementation with screen on destination work works, but not stable, sometimes it doesn't copy a file. ssh user@$desthost screen -dm -S test 'nc -l 1234 | tar xvf - ' #listening on destination host Maybe there is an issue with timeout?

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• Capistrano update causes C: to be placed in the current directory (cygwin)

  - by user321775

  When I run cap deploy:update in a directory on my local machine (via cygwin), "C:" magically appears in the directory. Sure enough, I can cd to it and it's my windows C: drive. Now I'm afraid to delete it, but I definitely don't want it in this directory (a rails project under /home/username/blah/blah). Here's my config/deploy.rb file. custom options set :application, "xyz.com" set :repository, "ssh://[email protected]:yyyy/home/git/xxx" set :user, "myname" set :runner, user set :use_sudo, false server "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:yyyy", :app, :web, :db, :primary = true deploy to set :deploy_to, "/home/myname/public_html/xyz" repository set :scm, :git set :deploy_via, :copy ssh options default_run_options[:pty] = true ssh_options[:paranoid] = false ssh_options[:port] = yyyy start passenger namespace :deploy do task :start do ; end task :stop do ; end task :restart, :roles = :app, :except = { :no_release = true } do run "#{try_sudo} touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}" end end Anyone see the problem? And does anyone know a safe way of getting rid of the C: drives that have already shown up (this has happened in a few directories)?

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• m and s keys do not work over vnc connection to ubuntu server

  - by Don

  I'm new at setting a lot of this up, so bear with me. I installed Ubuntu 10.4 server on a 64 bit machine. Then I added vnc so I could manage it while it's racked. I start the server, SSH to it, and run vncserver :1 At this point, all keys work fine. Next I exit out of the SSH session and fire up my client vnc app. I connect via the IP :1, enter my password, and everything seems to be fine. Now when I enter a terminal (through the vnc connection) I cannot type lowercase "s" or "m" (upper case works). I've tried on two different pc's running the vnc client, but it's the same. I also installed the latest updates from Ubuntu as of today. Thanks for any help.

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• Splitting string into array upon token

  - by Gnutt

  I'm writing a script to perform an offsite rsync backup, and whenever the rsyncline recieves some output it goes into a single variable. I then want to split that variable into an array upon the ^M token, so that I can send them to two different logger-sessions (so I get them on seperate lines in the log). My current line to perform the rsync result=rsync --del -az -e "ssh -i $cert" $source $destination 2>&1 Result in the log, when the server is unavailable ssh: connect to host offsite port 22: Connection timed out^M rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at io.c(601) [sender=3.0.7]

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• Capistrano deploy:migrate Could not find rake-0.9.2.2 in any of the sources

  - by Kyle

  My Capistrano deploy:migrate task is set to run a simple rake db:migrate command, as follows: env PATH=/home/user/.gems/bin sh -c 'cd /home/user/app/releases/20121003140503 && rake RAILS_ENV=production db:migrate' When I run this task during an ssh session manually it completes successfully. However when I run from my local development box, I receive the following error: ** [out :: app] Could not find rake-0.9.2.2 in any of the sources I am able to locate my rake gem by typing which rake via ssh (/home/user/.gems/bin/rake) and rake --version gives me "rake, version 0.9.2.2," so I don't understand why this command fails via Capistrano?

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• Correct Path for Git Remote Add from Amazon EC2 Instance to OSX Client Machine

  - by filmnut

  I'm trying to do a git remote add from a repository that sits on a remote Amazon AMI back to a cloned copy of the SAME repository that is sitting on my local OSX machine. I'm confused about what file path to use. I assume it's something like: git remote add my_clone <OSX_User_Name>@<OSX_HOST_NAME>:<PATH_TO_CLONED_REPO> I obviously know what my <OSX_User_Name> is, and I can figure out my <PATH_TO_CLONED_REPO>, but I have no idea how to determine a <OSX_HOST_NAME> that would actually work. Can I just put in my external IP address, followed by my machine's internal IP address? (Note that I'm working behind a router.) Is ssh:// the correct protocol? Do I need to set up ssh access from the Amazon EC2 machine to the local OSX machine?

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• Looking for python lib to manage remote tasks

  - by Riz

  Hi, I have server with django on it, this server runs some manage.py commands and update database. Now I need to move some of this tasks to different servers. I don't want to allow remote db access and need some tool\lib to be able to start task on remote servers by main server's command and update tasks code/add new tasks. I have ssh access to every server, all servers run under debian and all code in python. I was thiking about creating my own xmpp based solution(server sends messages to slave servers with commands to execute, like "update task", "run task"), or maybe some low-level ssh based solution where main server logs to slave servers and executes bash commands. But I would be happy to hear any advices.

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• Seeing what files are run at startup (linux)

  - by user924

  How do a check what startup scripts are run after I ssh into a machine?

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• My company is a Rackspace Cloud client (provided to us for free) and I'm trying to find some way to set up version control

  - by Nick S.

  As the title says, my (small) business is provided a free Rackspace Cloud client account. We receive a decent amount of traffic but I haven't been able to put together a business case to move to our own server yet. However, we are developing some complex apps and I'm frustrated with not having the ability to even ssh into the remote server. Ultimately, I'd like to set up some sort of version control (at this point, I'll take anything, git or otherwise). I have control over databases, can FTP, set up cron jobs, and perform a few other basic functions. I can't think of any way to set up git or something similar without ssh access. A thought went through my mind that maybe some sort of PHP version control exists that I might be able to set up, but I haven't had any luck finding it yet. Do you guys have any ideas, thoughts, or advice?

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• Windows Azure: Import/Export Hard Drives, VM ACLs, Web Sockets, Remote Debugging, Continuous Delivery, New Relic, Billing Alerts and More

  - by ScottGu

  Two weeks ago we released a giant set of improvements to Windows Azure, as well as a significant update of the Windows Azure SDK. This morning we released another massive set of enhancements to Windows Azure.  Today’s new capabilities include: Storage: Import/Export Hard Disk Drives to your Storage Accounts HDInsight: General Availability of our Hadoop Service in the cloud Virtual Machines: New VM Gallery, ACL support for VIPs Web Sites: WebSocket and Remote Debugging Support Notification Hubs: Segmented customer push notification support with tag expressions TFS & GIT: Continuous Delivery Support for Web Sites + Cloud Services Developer Analytics: New Relic support for Web Sites + Mobile Services Service Bus: Support for partitioned queues and topics Billing: New Billing Alert Service that sends emails notifications when your bill hits a threshold you define All of these improvements are now available to use immediately (note that some features are still in preview).  Below are more details about them. Storage: Import/Export Hard Disk Drives to Windows Azure I am excited to announce the preview of our new Windows Azure Import/Export Service! The Windows Azure Import/Export Service enables you to move large amounts of on-premises data into and out of your Windows Azure Storage accounts. It does this by enabling you to securely ship hard disk drives directly to our Windows Azure data centers. Once we receive the drives we’ll automatically transfer the data to or from your Windows Azure Storage account.  This enables you to import or export massive amounts of data more quickly and cost effectively (and not be constrained by available network bandwidth). Encrypted Transport Our Import/Export service provides built-in support for BitLocker disk encryption – which enables you to securely encrypt data on the hard drives before you send it, and not have to worry about it being compromised even if the disk is lost/stolen in transit (since the content on the transported hard drives is completely encrypted and you are the only one who has the key to it).  The drive preparation tool we are shipping today makes setting up bitlocker encryption on these hard drives easy. How to Import/Export your first Hard Drive of Data You can read our Getting Started Guide to learn more about how to begin using the import/export service.  You can create import and export jobs via the Windows Azure Management Portal as well as programmatically using our Server Management APIs. It is really easy to create a new import or export job using the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Simply navigate to a Windows Azure storage account, and then click the new Import/Export tab now available within it (note: if you don’t have this tab make sure to sign-up for the Import/Export preview): Then click the “Create Import Job” or “Create Export Job” commands at the bottom of it.  This will launch a wizard that easily walks you through the steps required: For more comprehensive information about Import/Export, refer to Windows Azure Storage team blog.  You can also send questions and comments to the [email protected] email address. We think you’ll find this new service makes it much easier to move data into and out of Windows Azure, and it will dramatically cut down the network bandwidth required when working on large data migration projects.  We hope you like it. HDInsight: 100% Compatible Hadoop Service in the Cloud Last week we announced the general availability release of Windows Azure HDInsight. HDInsight is a 100% compatible Hadoop service that allows you to easily provision and manage Hadoop clusters for big data processing in Windows Azure.  This release is now live in production, backed by an enterprise SLA, supported 24x7 by Microsoft Support, and is ready to use for production scenarios. HDInsight allows you to use Apache Hadoop tools, such as Pig and Hive, to process large amounts of data in Windows Azure Blob Storage. Because data is stored in Windows Azure Blob Storage, you can choose to dynamically create Hadoop clusters only when you need them, and then shut them down when they are no longer required (since you pay only for the time the Hadoop cluster instances are running this provides a super cost effective way to use them).  You can create Hadoop clusters using either the Windows Azure Management Portal (see below) or using our PowerShell and Cross Platform Command line tools: The import/export hard drive support that came out today is a perfect companion service to use with HDInsight – the combination allows you to easily ingest, process and optionally export a limitless amount of data.  We’ve also integrated HDInsight with our Business Intelligence tools, so users can leverage familiar tools like Excel in order to analyze the output of jobs.  You can find out more about how to get started with HDInsight here. Virtual Machines: VM Gallery Enhancements Today’s update of Windows Azure brings with it a new Virtual Machine gallery that you can use to create new VMs in the cloud.  You can launch the gallery by doing New->Compute->Virtual Machine->From Gallery within the Windows Azure Management Portal: The new Virtual Machine Gallery includes some nice enhancements that make it even easier to use: Search: You can now easily search and filter images using the search box in the top-right of the dialog.  For example, simply type “SQL” and we’ll filter to show those images in the gallery that contain that substring. Category Tree-view: Each month we add more built-in VM images to the gallery.  You can continue to browse these using the “All” view within the VM Gallery – or now quickly filter them using the category tree-view on the left-hand side of the dialog.  For example, by selecting “Oracle” in the tree-view you can now quickly filter to see the official Oracle supplied images. MSDN and Supported checkboxes: With today’s update we are also introducing filters that makes it easy to filter out types of images that you may not be interested in. The first checkbox is MSDN: using this filter you can exclude any image that is not part of the Windows Azure benefits for MSDN subscribers (which have highly discounted pricing - you can learn more about the MSDN pricing here). The second checkbox is Supported: this filter will exclude any image that contains prerelease software, so you can feel confident that the software you choose to deploy is fully supported by Windows Azure and our partners. Sort options: We sort gallery images by what we think customers are most interested in, but sometimes you might want to sort using different views. So we’re providing some additional sort options, like “Newest,” to customize the image list for what suits you best. Pricing information: We now provide additional pricing information about images and options on how to cost effectively run them directly within the VM Gallery. The above improvements make it even easier to use the VM Gallery and quickly create launch and run Virtual Machines in the cloud. Virtual Machines: ACL Support for VIPs A few months ago we exposed the ability to configure Access Control Lists (ACLs) for Virtual Machines using Windows PowerShell cmdlets and our Service Management API. With today’s release, you can now configure VM ACLs using the Windows Azure Management Portal as well. You can now do this by clicking the new Manage ACL command in the Endpoints tab of a virtual machine instance: This will enable you to configure an ordered list of permit and deny rules to scope the traffic that can access your VM’s network endpoints. For example, if you were on a virtual network, you could limit RDP access to a Windows Azure virtual machine to only a few computers attached to your enterprise. Or if you weren’t on a virtual network you could alternatively limit traffic from public IPs that can access your workloads: Here is the default behaviors for ACLs in Windows Azure: By default (i.e. no rules specified), all traffic is permitted. When using only Permit rules, all other traffic is denied. When using only Deny rules, all other traffic is permitted. When there is a combination of Permit and Deny rules, all other traffic is denied. Lastly, remember that configuring endpoints does not automatically configure them within the VM if it also has firewall rules enabled at the OS level.  So if you create an endpoint using the Windows Azure Management Portal, Windows PowerShell, or REST API, be sure to also configure your guest VM firewall appropriately as well. Web Sites: Web Sockets Support With today’s release you can now use Web Sockets with Windows Azure Web Sites.  This feature enables you to easily integrate real-time communication scenarios within your web based applications, and is available at no extra charge (it even works with the free tier).  Higher level programming libraries like SignalR and socket.io are also now supported with it. You can enable Web Sockets support on a web site by navigating to the Configure tab of a Web Site, and by toggling Web Sockets support to “on”: Once Web Sockets is enabled you can start to integrate some really cool scenarios into your web applications.  Check out the new SignalR documentation hub on www.asp.net to learn more about some of the awesome scenarios you can do with it. Web Sites: Remote Debugging Support The Windows Azure SDK 2.2 we released two weeks ago introduced remote debugging support for Windows Azure Cloud Services. With today’s Windows Azure release we are extending this remote debugging support to also work with Windows Azure Web Sites. With live, remote debugging support inside of Visual Studio, you are able to have more visibility than ever before into how your code is operating live in Windows Azure. It is now super easy to attach the debugger and quickly see what is going on with your application in the cloud. Remote Debugging of a Windows Azure Web Site using VS 2013 Enabling the remote debugging of a Windows Azure Web Site using VS 2013 is really easy.  Start by opening up your web application’s project within Visual Studio. Then navigate to the “Server Explorer” tab within Visual Studio, and click on the deployed web-site you want to debug that is running within Windows Azure using the Windows Azure->Web Sites node in the Server Explorer.  Then right-click and choose the “Attach Debugger” option on it: When you do this Visual Studio will remotely attach the debugger to the Web Site running within Windows Azure.  The debugger will then stop the web site’s execution when it hits any break points that you have set within your web application’s project inside Visual Studio.  For example, below I set a breakpoint on the “ViewBag.Message” assignment statement within the HomeController of the standard ASP.NET MVC project template.  When I hit refresh on the “About” page of the web site within the browser, the breakpoint was triggered and I am now able to debug the app remotely using Visual Studio: Note above how we can debug variables (including autos/watchlist/etc), as well as use the Immediate and Command Windows. In the debug session above I used the Immediate Window to explore some of the request object state, as well as to dynamically change the ViewBag.Message property.  When we click the the “Continue” button (or press F5) the app will continue execution and the Web Site will render the content back to the browser.  This makes it super easy to debug web apps remotely. Tips for Better Debugging To get the best experience while debugging, we recommend publishing your site using the Debug configuration within Visual Studio’s Web Publish dialog. This will ensure that debug symbol information is uploaded to the Web Site which will enable a richer debug experience within Visual Studio.  You can find this option on the Web Publish dialog on the Settings tab: When you ultimately deploy/run the application in production we recommend using the “Release” configuration setting – the release configuration is memory optimized and will provide the best production performance.  To learn more about diagnosing and debugging Windows Azure Web Sites read our new Troubleshooting Windows Azure Web Sites in Visual Studio guide. Notification Hubs: Segmented Push Notification support with tag expressions In August we announced the General Availability of Windows Azure Notification Hubs - a powerful Mobile Push Notifications service that makes it easy to send high volume push notifications with low latency from any mobile app back-end.  Notification hubs can be used with any mobile app back-end (including ones built using our Mobile Services capability) and can also be used with back-ends that run in the cloud as well as on-premises. Beginning with the initial release, Notification Hubs allowed developers to send personalized push notifications to both individual users as well as groups of users by interest, by associating their devices with tags representing the logical target of the notification. For example, by registering all devices of customers interested in a favorite MLB team with a corresponding tag, it is possible to broadcast one message to millions of Boston Red Sox fans and another message to millions of St. Louis Cardinals fans with a single API call respectively. New support for using tag expressions to enable advanced customer segmentation With today’s release we are adding support for even more advanced customer targeting.  You can now identify customers that you want to send push notifications to by defining rich tag expressions. With tag expressions, you can now not only broadcast notifications to Boston Red Sox fans, but take that segmenting a step farther and reach more granular segments. This opens up a variety of scenarios, for example: Offers based on multiple preferences—e.g. send a game day vegetarian special to users tagged as both a Boston Red Sox fan AND a vegetarian Push content to multiple segments in a single message—e.g. rain delay information only to users who are tagged as either a Boston Red Sox fan OR a St. Louis Cardinal fan Avoid presenting subsets of a segment with irrelevant content—e.g. season ticket availability reminder to users who are tagged as a Boston Red Sox fan but NOT also a season ticket holder To illustrate with code, consider a restaurant chain app that sends an offer related to a Red Sox vs Cardinals game for users in Boston. Devices can be tagged by your app with location tags (e.g. “Loc:Boston”) and interest tags (e.g. “Follows:RedSox”, “Follows:Cardinals”), and then a notification can be sent by your back-end to “(Follows:RedSox || Follows:Cardinals) && Loc:Boston” in order to deliver an offer to all devices in Boston that follow either the RedSox or the Cardinals. This can be done directly in your server backend send logic using the code below: var notification = new WindowsNotification(messagePayload); hub.SendNotificationAsync(notification, "(Follows:RedSox || Follows:Cardinals) && Loc:Boston"); In your expressions you can use all Boolean operators: AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!).  Some other cool use cases for tag expressions that are now supported include: Social: To “all my group except me” - group:id && !user:id Events: Touchdown event is sent to everybody following either team or any of the players involved in the action: Followteam:A || Followteam:B || followplayer:1 || followplayer:2 … Hours: Send notifications at specific times. E.g. Tag devices with time zone and when it is 12pm in Seattle send to: GMT8 && follows:thaifood Versions and platforms: Send a reminder to people still using your first version for Android - version:1.0 && platform:Android For help on getting started with Notification Hubs, visit the Notification Hub documentation center.  Then download the latest NuGet package (or use the Notification Hubs REST APIs directly) to start sending push notifications using tag expressions.  They are really powerful and enable a bunch of great new scenarios. TFS & GIT: Continuous Delivery Support for Web Sites + Cloud Services With today’s Windows Azure release we are making it really easy to enable continuous delivery support with Windows Azure and Team Foundation Services.  Team Foundation Services is a cloud based offering from Microsoft that provides integrated source control (with both TFS and Git support), build server, test execution, collaboration tools, and agile planning support.  It makes it really easy to setup a team project (complete with automated builds and test runners) in the cloud, and it has really rich integration with Visual Studio. With today’s Windows Azure release it is now really easy to enable continuous delivery support with both TFS and Git based repositories hosted using Team Foundation Services.  This enables a workflow where when code is checked in, built successfully on an automated build server, and all tests pass on it – I can automatically have the app deployed on Windows Azure with zero manual intervention or work required. The below screen-shots demonstrate how to quickly setup a continuous delivery workflow to Windows Azure with a Git-based ASP.NET MVC project hosted using Team Foundation Services. Enabling Continuous Delivery to Windows Azure with Team Foundation Services The project I’m going to enable continuous delivery with is a simple ASP.NET MVC project whose source code I’m hosting using Team Foundation Services.  I did this by creating a “SimpleContinuousDeploymentTest” repository there using Git – and then used the new built-in Git tooling support within Visual Studio 2013 to push the source code to it.  Below is a screen-shot of the Git repository hosted within Team Foundation Services: I can access the repository within Visual Studio 2013 and easily make commits with it (as well as branch, merge and do other tasks).  Using VS 2013 I can also setup automated builds to take place in the cloud using Team Foundation Services every time someone checks in code to the repository: The cool thing about this is that I don’t have to buy or rent my own build server – Team Foundation Services automatically maintains its own build server farm and can automatically queue up a build for me (for free) every time someone checks in code using the above settings.  This build server (and automated testing) support now works with both TFS and Git based source control repositories. Connecting a Team Foundation Services project to Windows Azure Once I have a source repository hosted in Team Foundation Services with Automated Builds and Testing set up, I can then go even further and set it up so that it will be automatically deployed to Windows Azure when a source code commit is made to the repository (assuming the Build + Tests pass).  Enabling this is now really easy.  To set this up with a Windows Azure Web Site simply use the New->Compute->Web Site->Custom Create command inside the Windows Azure Management Portal.  This will create a dialog like below.  I gave the web site a name and then made sure the “Publish from source control” checkbox was selected: When we click next we’ll be prompted for the location of the source repository.  We’ll select “Team Foundation Services”: Once we do this we’ll be prompted for our Team Foundation Services account that our source repository is hosted under (in this case my TFS account is “scottguthrie”): When we click the “Authorize Now” button we’ll be prompted to give Windows Azure permissions to connect to the Team Foundation Services account.  Once we do this we’ll be prompted to pick the source repository we want to connect to.  Starting with today’s Windows Azure release you can now connect to both TFS and Git based source repositories.  This new support allows me to connect to the “SimpleContinuousDeploymentTest” respository we created earlier: Clicking the finish button will then create the Web Site with the continuous delivery hooks setup with Team Foundation Services.  Now every time someone pushes source control to the repository in Team Foundation Services, it will kick off an automated build, run all of the unit tests in the solution , and if they pass the app will be automatically deployed to our Web Site in Windows Azure.  You can monitor the history and status of these automated deployments using the Deployments tab within the Web Site: This enables a really slick continuous delivery workflow, and enables you to build and deploy apps in a really nice way. Developer Analytics: New Relic support for Web Sites + Mobile Services With today’s Windows Azure release we are making it really easy to enable Developer Analytics and Monitoring support with both Windows Azure Web Site and Windows Azure Mobile Services.  We are partnering with New Relic, who provide a great dev analytics and app performance monitoring offering, to enable this - and we have updated the Windows Azure Management Portal to make it really easy to configure. Enabling New Relic with a Windows Azure Web Site Enabling New Relic support with a Windows Azure Web Site is now really easy.  Simply navigate to the Configure tab of a Web Site and scroll down to the “developer analytics” section that is now within it: Clicking the “add-on” button will display some additional UI.  If you don’t already have a New Relic subscription, you can click the “view windows azure store” button to obtain a subscription (note: New Relic has a perpetually free tier so you can enable it even without paying anything): Clicking the “view windows azure store” button will launch the integrated Windows Azure Store experience we have within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  You can use this to browse from a variety of great add-on services – including New Relic: Select “New Relic” within the dialog above, then click the next button, and you’ll be able to choose which type of New Relic subscription you wish to purchase.  For this demo we’ll simply select the “Free Standard Version” – which does not cost anything and can be used forever:  Once we’ve signed-up for our New Relic subscription and added it to our Windows Azure account, we can go back to the Web Site’s configuration tab and choose to use the New Relic add-on with our Windows Azure Web Site.  We can do this by simply selecting it from the “add-on” dropdown (it is automatically populated within it once we have a New Relic subscription in our account): Clicking the “Save” button will then cause the Windows Azure Management Portal to automatically populate all of the needed New Relic configuration settings to our Web Site: Deploying the New Relic Agent as part of a Web Site The final step to enable developer analytics using New Relic is to add the New Relic runtime agent to our web app.  We can do this within Visual Studio by right-clicking on our web project and selecting the “Manage NuGet Packages” context menu: This will bring up the NuGet package manager.  You can search for “New Relic” within it to find the New Relic agent.  Note that there is both a 32-bit and 64-bit edition of it – make sure to install the version that matches how your Web Site is running within Windows Azure (note: you can configure your Web Site to run in either 32-bit or 64-bit mode using the Web Site’s “Configuration” tab within the Windows Azure Management Portal): Once we install the NuGet package we are all set to go.  We’ll simply re-publish the web site again to Windows Azure and New Relic will now automatically start monitoring the application Monitoring a Web Site using New Relic Now that the application has developer analytics support with New Relic enabled, we can launch the New Relic monitoring portal to start monitoring the health of it.  We can do this by clicking on the “Add Ons” tab in the left-hand side of the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Then select the New Relic add-on we signed-up for within it.  The Windows Azure Management Portal will provide some default information about the add-on when we do this.  Clicking the “Manage” button in the tray at the bottom will launch a new browser tab and single-sign us into the New Relic monitoring portal associated with our account: When we do this a new browser tab will launch with the New Relic admin tool loaded within it: We can now see insights into how our app is performing – without having to have written a single line of monitoring code.  The New Relic service provides a ton of great built-in monitoring features allowing us to quickly see: Performance times (including browser rendering speed) for the overall site and individual pages.  You can optionally set alert thresholds to trigger if the speed does not meet a threshold you specify. Information about where in the world your customers are hitting the site from (and how performance varies by region) Details on the latency performance of external services your web apps are using (for example: SQL, Storage, Twitter, etc) Error information including call stack details for exceptions that have occurred at runtime SQL Server profiling information – including which queries executed against your database and what their performance was And a whole bunch more… The cool thing about New Relic is that you don’t need to write monitoring code within your application to get all of the above reports (plus a lot more).  The New Relic agent automatically enables the CLR profiler within applications and automatically captures the information necessary to identify these.  This makes it super easy to get started and immediately have a rich developer analytics view for your solutions with very little effort. If you haven’t tried New Relic out yet with Windows Azure I recommend you do so – I think you’ll find it helps you build even better cloud applications.  Following the above steps will help you get started and deliver you a really good application monitoring solution in only minutes. Service Bus: Support for partitioned queues and topics With today’s release, we are enabling support within Service Bus for partitioned queues and topics. Enabling partitioning enables you to achieve a higher message throughput and better availability from your queues and topics. Higher message throughput is achieved by implementing multiple message brokers for each partitioned queue and topic.  The  multiple messaging stores will also provide higher availability. You can create a partitioned queue or topic by simply checking the Enable Partitioning option in the custom create wizard for a Queue or Topic: Read this article to learn more about partitioned queues and topics and how to take advantage of them today. Billing: New Billing Alert Service Today’s Windows Azure update enables a new Billing Alert Service Preview that enables you to get proactive email notifications when your Windows Azure bill goes above a certain monetary threshold that you configure.  This makes it easier to manage your bill and avoid potential surprises at the end of the month. With the Billing Alert Service Preview, you can now create email alerts to monitor and manage your monetary credits or your current bill total.  To set up an alert first sign-up for the free Billing Alert Service Preview.  Then visit the account management page, click on a subscription you have setup, and then navigate to the new Alerts tab that is available: The alerts tab allows you to setup email alerts that will be sent automatically once a certain threshold is hit.  For example, by clicking the “add alert” button above I can setup a rule to send myself email anytime my Windows Azure bill goes above $100 for the month: The Billing Alert Service will evolve to support additional aspects of your bill as well as support multiple forms of alerts such as SMS.  Try out the new Billing Alert Service Preview today and give us feedback. Summary Today’s Windows Azure release enables a ton of great new scenarios, and makes building applications hosted in the cloud even easier. If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• Debian, 6rd tunnel, and connection troubles

  - by Chris B

  Long story short I am having issues with IPv6 using a 6rd tunnel with my ISP, charter business. They offer a 6rd tunnel that I think I have properly set up, but the server doesn’t reply to every ipv6 request. When the server has the network interfaces idle with no traffic for about 10 minutes, then IPv6 stops accepting inbound connections. to re-allow it, I must go into the server, and make it do a outbound ipv6 connection (normally a ping) to start it back up. Whats weird though i that if I run iptraf when its not working, it still shows a inbound ipv6 packet… the server is just not replying, and I can’t figure out why. Also, if I try to access my server over IPv6 from a house about 1 mile away on the same ISP, it is never able to connect. it always times out, but again the iptraf shows a ipv6 inbound packet. Again, it just does not reply. To test if my server is accessible through IPv6 I always have to use my vzw 4g phone (they use IPv6) or ipv6proxy dot net. Here is all of the configuration information my ISP gives on there tunnel server: 6rd Prefix = 2602:100::/32 Border Relay Address = 68.114.165.1 6rd prefix length = 32 IPv4 mask length = 0 Here is my /etc/network/interfaces for ipv6 (used x's to block real addresses) auto charterv6 iface charterv6 inet6 v4tunnel address 2602:100:189f:xxxx::1 netmask 32 ttl 64 gateway ::68.114.165.1 endpoint 68.114.165.1 local 24.159.218.xxx up ip link set mtu 1280 dev charterv6 here is my iptables config filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :fail2ban-ssh – [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :hold – [0:0] -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp —dport 22 -j fail2ban-ssh -A INPUT -m state —state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport -j ACCEPT —dports 80,443,25,465,110,995,143,993,587,465,22 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp —dport 10000 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp —dport 5900:5910 -j ACCEPT -A fail2ban-ssh -j RETURN -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT COMMIT and last here is my ip6tables firewall config filter :INPUT DROP [1653:339023] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [60141:13757903] :hold – [0:0] -A INPUT -m state —state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport —dports 80,443,25,465,110,995,143,993,587,465,22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp —dport 10000 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp —dport 5900:5910 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p ipv6-icmp -j ACCEPT COMMIT So Summary: 1.iptraf always shows IPv6 traffic, so its always making it to the server 2.server stops replying on ipv6 after no traffic for awhile (10 minutesish) until a outbound connection is made, then the process repeats. 3.server is NEVER accessable vi same ISP (yet iptraf still shows ipv6 request) Notes: When I try to access it from the same ISP from across town, even with iptables and ip6tables allowing ALL inbound traffic, this is what iptraf shows. IPv6 (92 bytes) from 97.92.18.xxx to 24.159.218.xxx on eth0 ICMP dest unrch (port) (120 bytes) from 24.159.218.xxx to 97.92.18.xxx on eth1 its strange, like its trying to forward to LAN? (eth1 is LAN, eth0 is WAN) even with the IPv6 address being set in the hosts file to the servers domain name. With iptables set up normally with the above configurations it only says this: IPv6 (100 bytes) from 97.92.18.xxx to 24.159.218.xxx on eth0 Im REALLY stuck on this, and any help would be GREATLY appreciated.

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