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• When is it necessary to override Equals() in a .NET class?

  - by Alex Angas

  .NET contains its own equality comparison functionality, however I don't really understand how it works. If the desired Equals() and == behaviour is to verify that every field of an object is equal to every field of another object, is it necessary to override Equals() with a method that does this explicitly?

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• sphinx and languages other than English

  - by Tsf

  I found in http://svn.python.org/projects/doctools/trunk/sphinx/locale support for several languages that can be used in Sphinx but I did not find the instructions on how to install it: which files should be downloaded and installed in which directories? Any hint would be appreciated.

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• Does Math.Sqrt cache its own results?

  - by Jonathan Beerhalter

  Someone has suggested to me that the built in C# Math.Sqrt function in .NET 4.0 caches its results, so that if I call Math.Sqrt(50) over and over again, it's not actually doing a sqrt, but just pulling the answer from a cache. Can anyone verify or deny this claim? If it's true then I have a bunch of needless caching going on in my code.

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• like-vim emacs ruby indentation

  - by edbond

  ruby-mode from svn, looks equal to 1.1 version here is emacs indentation of hash User.all({ :joins => :account, :conditions => {:delete_at => nil} }) here is the same in vim User.all({ :joins => :account, :conditions => {:delete_at => nil} }) How to make emacs indent like vim in ruby-mode?

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• g++, R_X86_64_32S : what is it ?

  - by Skypers

  Hello. I write a 3D engine in C++ with OpenGL. I usually work on this project on my archlinux 64 bits, but on theese holidays I do on a 32 bits system. I use subversion, and since the last svn up on my 64 bits system, I've got errors : http://pastebin.be/23730 core, wrapper and interface are compilet using the -fPIC option, I do not understand so ... Thanks :)

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• PHP rsa gePublicKey from .pem file

  - by mazheruddin

  Trying to verify received signature with following code. $file = "C:\key_file.pem"; $keypair = Crypt_RSA_KeyPair::fromPEMString(file_get_contents($file)); $public_key = $keypair->getPublicKey(); $rsa_pub_key = Crypt_RSA_Key::fromString($public_key->toString()); $rsa_obj = new Crypt_RSA; $verify_status = $rsa_obj->validateSign($text,$recieved_signed_sign, $rsa_pub_key) ? 'valid' : 'invalid'; getting error as Fatal error: Call to undefined method PEAR_Error::getPublicKey() in C:\Program Files\xxxx\rsa.php

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• How is the result of openssl_sign() encoded?

  - by Bozho

  The docs about openssl_sign() say that the signature is returned in the passed string argument. My question is - how is it encoded? Base64, Hex-string, anything else? I don't have php installed and I have to use this PHP code I was given simply in order to verify whether my Java implementation is correct, so don't ask me "have you tried it" ;)

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• How to discover what Linux distro is in use

  - by Seiti

  Sometimes I need to access some servers running Linux (or maybe another Unix-like SO), but I don't know how to verify which distro is in use on the server (there are times that even the "responsible" for the server doesn't know). Is there a easy and reliable way to discover that, one that is uniform and consistent across all of them?

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• Not really a quaestion...but i need help

  - by Dan F.

  I have to make a process in Oracle/PLSQL.....i have to verify that the interval of time between start_date and end_date from a new row that i create must not intersect other start_dates and end_dates from other rows. Now I need to check each row for that condition and if it doesn't correspond the repetitive instruction should stop and after that to display a message such as "The interval of time given is not correct". I don't know how to make repetitive instructions in Oracle/PLSQL and I would appreciate if you would help me.

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• Where to host open source projects?

  - by DaGinOMG

  I program open source php scripts and I host the projects' websites on my own server. I'm not sure where to host the code. Maybe on an own svn, or on a website like github, sourgeforce, google code?!? Where do you host your code / Where would you host your code? Thanks

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• sql server doesn’t exist or access denied

  - by KareemSaad

  I had Win7 in my pc and I installed 2vmware .One of them (VM) had Win XP and I installed on It SQL 2000 and visual studio 2008.and other I installed Win XP and I installed on it SQL 2005 and visual studio 2008. and when I run SQL2000 this error appear sql server doesn't exist or access denied Pleas verify sql server is running ........

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• Protecting from crashes (beyond bounds) with [object objectAtIndex:]

  - by Tom

  Hi! I'd like to know if there's a way to verify if an index exists before getting it. So it'd be way to protect my code against: *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSRangeException', reason: '*** -[NSCFArray objectAtIndex:]: index (2) beyond bounds (0)' Like in PHP you can do: isset($object[10]); and it'll return true if it exists. Is there such a method in Objective-C/Cocoa? Thanks!

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• Apache SSO through Kerberos using Machine Account

  - by watkipet

  I'm attempting to get Apache on Ubuntu 12.04 to authenticate users via Kerberos SSO to a Windows 2008 Active Directory server. Here are a few things that make my situation different: I don't have administrative access to the Windows Server (nor will I ever have access). I also cannot have any changes to the server made on my behalf. I've joined Ubuntu server to the Active Directory using PBIS open. Users can log into the Ubuntu server using their AD credentials. kinit also works fine for each user. Since I can't change AD (except for adding new machines and SPNs), I cannot add a service account for Apache on Ubuntu. Since I can't add I service account, I have to use the machine keytab (/etc/krb5.keytab), or at least use the machine password in another keytab. Right now I'm using the machine keytab and giving Apache readonly access (bad idea, I know). I've already added the SPN using net ads keytab add HTTP -U Since I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, the only encoding types that get added during "net ads keytab add" are arcfour-hmac, des-cbc-crc, and des-cbc-md5. PBIS adds the AES encoding types to the host and cifs principals when it joins the domain, but I have yet to get "net ads keytab add" to do this. ktpass and setspn are out of the question because of #1 above. I've configured (for Kerberos SSO) and tested both IE 8 Firefox. I'm using the following configuration in my Apache site config: <Location /secured> AuthType Kerberos AuthName "Kerberos Login" KrbMethodNegotiate On KrbMethodK5Passwd On KrbAuthRealms DOMAIN.COM Krb5KeyTab /etc/krb5.keytab KrbLocalUserMapping On require valid-user </Location> When Firefox tries to connect get the following in Apache's error.log (LogLevel debug): [Wed Oct 23 13:48:31 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1628): [client 192.168.0.2] kerb_authenticate_user entered with user (NULL) and auth_type Kerberos [Wed Oct 23 13:48:31 2013] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 192.168.0.2] Zlib: Compressed 477 to 322 : URL /secured [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1628): [client 192.168.0.2] kerb_authenticate_user entered with user (NULL) and auth_type Kerberos [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(994): [client 192.168.0.2] Using HTTP/[email protected] as server principal for password verification [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(698): [client 192.168.0.2] Trying to get TGT for user [email protected] [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(609): [client 192.168.0.2] Trying to verify authenticity of KDC using principal HTTP/[email protected] [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(652): [client 192.168.0.2] krb5_rd_req() failed when verifying KDC [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [error] [client 192.168.0.2] failed to verify krb5 credentials: Decrypt integrity check failed [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1073): [client 192.168.0.2] kerb_authenticate_user_krb5pwd ret=401 user=(NULL) authtype=(NULL) [Wed Oct 23 13:48:37 2013] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 192.168.0.2] Zlib: Compressed 477 to 322 : URL /secured When IE 8 tries to connect I get: [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1628): [client 192.168.0.2] kerb_authenticate_user entered with user (NULL) and auth_type Kerberos [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 192.168.0.2] Zlib: Compressed 477 to 322 : URL /secured [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1628): [client 192.168.0.2] kerb_authenticate_user entered with user (NULL) and auth_type Kerberos [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1240): [client 192.168.0.2] Acquiring creds for HTTP@apache_server [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1385): [client 192.168.0.2] Verifying client data using KRB5 GSS-API [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1401): [client 192.168.0.2] Client didn't delegate us their credential [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1420): [client 192.168.0.2] GSS-API token of length 9 bytes will be sent back [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] src/mod_auth_kerb.c(1101): [client 192.168.0.2] GSS-API major_status:000d0000, minor_status:000186a5 [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [error] [client 192.168.0.2] gss_accept_sec_context() failed: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information (, ) [Wed Oct 23 14:03:30 2013] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 192.168.0.2] Zlib: Compressed 477 to 322 : URL /secured Let me know if you'd like additional log and config files--the initial question is getting long enough.

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• multiple puppet masters

  - by Oli

  I would like to set up an additional puppet master but have the CA server handled by only 1 puppet master. I have set this up as per the documentation here: http://docs.puppetlabs.com/guides/scaling_multiple_masters.html I have configured my second puppet master as follows: [main] ... ca = false ca_server = puppet-master1.test.net I am using passenger so I am a bit confused how the virtual-host.conf file should look for my second puppet-master2.test.net. Here is mine (updated as per Shane Maddens answer): LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18 PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby Listen 8140 <VirtualHost *:8140> ProxyPassMatch ^/([^/]+/certificate.*)$ https://puppet-master1.test.net:8140/$1 SSLEngine on SSLProtocol -ALL +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2:-EXP SSLCertificateFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppet-master2.test.net.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppet-master2.test.net.pem #SSLCertificateChainFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem #SSLCACertificateFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem # If Apache complains about invalid signatures on the CRL, you can try disabling # CRL checking by commenting the next line, but this is not recommended. #SSLCARevocationFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem SSLVerifyClient optional SSLVerifyDepth 1 # The `ExportCertData` option is needed for agent certificate expiration warnings SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +ExportCertData # This header needs to be set if using a loadbalancer or proxy RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-For RequestHeader set X-SSL-Subject %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}e RequestHeader set X-Client-DN %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}e RequestHeader set X-Client-Verify %{SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY}e DocumentRoot /etc/puppet/rack/public/ RackBaseURI / <Directory /etc/puppet/rack/> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> I have commented out the #SSLCertificateChainFile, #SSLCACertificateFile & #SSLCARevocationFile - this is not a CA server so not sure I need this. How would I get passenger to work with these? I would like to use ProxyPassMatch which I have configured as per the documentation. I don't want to specify a ca server in every puppet.conf file. I am getting this error when trying to get create a cert from a puppet client pointing to the second puppet master server (puppet-master2.test.net): [root@puppet-client2 ~]# puppet agent --test Error: Could not request certificate: Could not intern from s: nested asn1 error Exiting; failed to retrieve certificate and waitforcert is disabled On the puppet client I have this [main] server = puppet-master2.test.net What have I missed? -- update Here is a new virtual host file on my secondary puppet master. Is this correct? I have SSL turned off? LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18 PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby # you probably want to tune these settings PassengerHighPerformance on PassengerMaxPoolSize 12 PassengerPoolIdleTime 1500 # PassengerMaxRequests 1000 PassengerStatThrottleRate 120 RackAutoDetect Off RailsAutoDetect Off Listen 8140 <VirtualHost *:8140> SSLEngine off ProxyPassMatch ^/([^/]+/certificate.*)$ https://puppet-master1.test.net:8140/$1 # Obtain Authentication Information from Client Request Headers SetEnvIf X-Client-Verify "(.*)" SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY=$1 SetEnvIf X-SSL-Client-DN "(.*)" SSL_CLIENT_S_DN=$1 DocumentRoot /etc/puppet/rack/public/ RackBaseURI / <Directory /etc/puppet/rack/> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> Cheers, Oli

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• How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• How to configure emacs by using this file?

  - by Andy Leman

  From http://public.halogen-dg.com/browser/alex-emacs-settings/.emacs?rev=1346 I got: (setq load-path (cons "/home/alex/.emacs.d/" load-path)) (setq load-path (cons "/home/alex/.emacs.d/configs/" load-path)) (defconst emacs-config-dir "~/.emacs.d/configs/" "") (defun load-cfg-files (filelist) (dolist (file filelist) (load (expand-file-name (concat emacs-config-dir file))) (message "Loaded config file:%s" file) )) (load-cfg-files '("cfg_initsplit" "cfg_variables_and_faces" "cfg_keybindings" "cfg_site_gentoo" "cfg_conf-mode" "cfg_mail-mode" "cfg_region_hooks" "cfg_apache-mode" "cfg_crontab-mode" "cfg_gnuserv" "cfg_subversion" "cfg_css-mode" "cfg_php-mode" "cfg_tramp" "cfg_killbuffer" "cfg_color-theme" "cfg_uniquify" "cfg_tabbar" "cfg_python" "cfg_ack" "cfg_scpaste" "cfg_ido-mode" "cfg_javascript" "cfg_ange_ftp" "cfg_font-lock" "cfg_default_face" "cfg_ecb" "cfg_browser" "cfg_orgmode" ; "cfg_gnus" ; "cfg_cyrillic" )) ; enable disabled advanced features (put 'downcase-region 'disabled nil) (put 'scroll-left 'disabled nil) (put 'upcase-region 'disabled nil) ; narrow cursor ;(setq-default cursor-type 'hbar) (cua-mode) ; highlight current line (global-hl-line-mode 1) ; AV: non-aggressive scrolling (setq scroll-conservatively 100) (setq scroll-preserve-screen-position 't) (setq scroll-margin 0) (custom-set-variables ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom. ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful. ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance. ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right. '(ange-ftp-passive-host-alist (quote (("redbus2.chalkface.com" . "on") ("zope.halogen-dg.com" . "on") ("85.119.217.50" . "on")))) '(blink-cursor-mode nil) '(browse-url-browser-function (quote browse-url-firefox)) '(browse-url-new-window-flag t) '(buffers-menu-max-size 30) '(buffers-menu-show-directories t) '(buffers-menu-show-status nil) '(case-fold-search t) '(column-number-mode t) '(cua-enable-cua-keys nil) '(user-mail-address "[email protected]") '(cua-mode t nil (cua-base)) '(current-language-environment "UTF-8") '(file-name-shadow-mode t) '(fill-column 79) '(grep-command "grep --color=never -nHr -e * | grep -v .svn --color=never") '(grep-use-null-device nil) '(inhibit-startup-screen t) '(initial-frame-alist (quote ((width . 80) (height . 40)))) '(initsplit-customizations-alist (quote (("tabbar" "configs/cfg_tabbar.el" t) ("ecb" "configs/cfg_ecb.el" t) ("ange\\-ftp" "configs/cfg_ange_ftp.el" t) ("planner" "configs/cfg_planner.el" t) ("dired" "configs/cfg_dired.el" t) ("font\\-lock" "configs/cfg_font-lock.el" t) ("speedbar" "configs/cfg_ecb.el" t) ("muse" "configs/cfg_muse.el" t) ("tramp" "configs/cfg_tramp.el" t) ("uniquify" "configs/cfg_uniquify.el" t) ("default" "configs/cfg_font-lock.el" t) ("ido" "configs/cfg_ido-mode.el" t) ("org" "configs/cfg_orgmode.el" t) ("gnus" "configs/cfg_gnus.el" t) ("nnmail" "configs/cfg_gnus.el" t)))) '(ispell-program-name "aspell") '(jabber-account-list (quote (("[email protected]")))) '(jabber-nickname "AVK") '(jabber-password nil) '(jabber-server "halogen-dg.com") '(jabber-username "alex") '(remember-data-file "~/Plans/remember.org") '(safe-local-variable-values (quote ((dtml-top-element . "body")))) '(save-place t nil (saveplace)) '(scroll-bar-mode (quote right)) '(semantic-idle-scheduler-idle-time 432000) '(show-paren-mode t) '(svn-status-hide-unmodified t) '(tool-bar-mode nil nil (tool-bar)) '(transient-mark-mode t) '(truncate-lines f) '(woman-use-own-frame nil)) ; ?? ????? ??????? y ??? n? (fset 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p) (custom-set-faces ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom. ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful. ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance. ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right. '(compilation-error ((t (:foreground "tomato" :weight bold)))) '(cursor ((t (:background "red1")))) '(custom-variable-tag ((((class color) (background dark)) (:inherit variable-pitch :foreground "DarkOrange" :weight bold)))) '(hl-line ((t (:background "grey24")))) '(isearch ((t (:background "orange" :foreground "black")))) '(message-cited-text ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "SandyBrown")))) '(message-header-name ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "DarkGrey")))) '(message-header-other ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "LightPink2")))) '(message-header-subject ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "yellow2")))) '(message-separator ((((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "thistle")))) '(region ((t (:background "brown")))) '(tooltip ((((class color)) (:inherit variable-pitch :background "IndianRed1" :foreground "black"))))) The above is a python emacs configure file. Where should I put it to use it? And, are there any other changes I need to make?

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• Openswan ipsec transport tunnel not going up

  - by gparent

  On ClusterA and B I have installed the "openswan" package on Debian Squeeze. ClusterA ip is 172.16.0.107, B is 172.16.0.108 When they ping one another, it does not reach the destination. /etc/ipsec.conf: version 2.0 # conforms to second version of ipsec.conf specification config setup protostack=netkey oe=off conn L2TP-PSK-CLUSTER type=transport left=172.16.0.107 right=172.16.0.108 auto=start ike=aes128-sha1-modp2048 authby=secret compress=yes /etc/ipsec.secrets: 172.16.0.107 172.16.0.108 : PSK "L2TPKEY" 172.16.0.108 172.16.0.107 : PSK "L2TPKEY" Here is the result of ipsec verify on both machines: root@cluster2:~# ipsec verify Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly: Version check and ipsec on-path [OK] Linux Openswan U2.6.28/K2.6.32-5-amd64 (netkey) Checking for IPsec support in kernel [OK] NETKEY detected, testing for disabled ICMP send_redirects [OK] NETKEY detected, testing for disabled ICMP accept_redirects [OK] Checking that pluto is running [OK] Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500 [OK] Pluto listening for NAT-T on udp 4500 [FAILED] Checking for 'ip' command [OK] Checking for 'iptables' command [OK] Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] root@cluster2:~# This is the end of the output of ipsec auto --status: 000 "cluster": 172.16.0.108<172.16.0.108>[+S=C]...172.16.0.107<172.16.0.107>[+S=C]; prospective erouted; eroute owner: #0 000 "cluster": myip=unset; hisip=unset; 000 "cluster": ike_life: 3600s; ipsec_life: 28800s; rekey_margin: 540s; rekey_fuzz: 100%; keyingtries: 0 000 "cluster": policy: PSK+ENCRYPT+COMPRESS+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+lKOD+rKOD; prio: 32,32; interface: eth0; 000 "cluster": newest ISAKMP SA: #1; newest IPsec SA: #0; 000 "cluster": IKE algorithm newest: AES_CBC_128-SHA1-MODP2048 000 000 #3: "cluster":500 STATE_QUICK_R0 (expecting QI1); EVENT_CRYPTO_FAILED in 298s; lastdpd=-1s(seq in:0 out:0); idle; import:admin initiate 000 #2: "cluster":500 STATE_QUICK_I1 (sent QI1, expecting QR1); EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 13s; lastdpd=-1s(seq in:0 out:0); idle; import:admin initiate 000 #1: "cluster":500 STATE_MAIN_I4 (ISAKMP SA established); EVENT_SA_REPLACE in 2991s; newest ISAKMP; lastdpd=-1s(seq in:0 out:0); idle; import:admin initiate 000 Interestingly enough, if I do ike-scan on the server here's what happens: Doesn't seem to take my ike settings into account root@cluster1:~# ike-scan -M 172.16.0.108 Starting ike-scan 1.9 with 1 hosts (http://www.nta-monitor.com/tools/ike-scan/) 172.16.0.108 Main Mode Handshake returned HDR=(CKY-R=641bffa66ba717b6) SA=(Enc=3DES Hash=SHA1 Auth=PSK Group=2:modp1024 LifeType=Seconds LifeDuration(4)=0x00007080) VID=4f45517b4f7f6e657a7b4351 VID=afcad71368a1f1c96b8696fc77570100 (Dead Peer Detection v1.0) Ending ike-scan 1.9: 1 hosts scanned in 0.008 seconds (118.19 hosts/sec). 1 returned handshake; 0 returned notify root@cluster1:~# I can't tell what's going on here, this is pretty much the simplest config I can have according to the examples.

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• How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• Facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using iphone (Defult Cisco VPN client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server

  - by Kushagra Bhatnagar

  I am facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using iPhone (Defult Cisco VPN client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server. The Strongswan server is running on Ubuntu Linux, which is connected to some wifi hotspot. This is the guide which was used. I generated CA, server and client certificate, with the only difference mentioned below. “While generating server certificate, as per link CN=vpn.strongswan.org instead of this I changed CN name to CN=192.168.43.212.” Once certificates are generated, following (clientCert.p12 and caCert.pem) are sent to mobile via mail and installed on iphone. After installation I notice that certificates are considered as trusted also. Below are the ip addresses assigned to various interfaces Linux server wlan0 interface ip where server is running: 192.168.43.212 Iphone eth0 interface ip address: 192.168.43.72. iphone is also attached with the same wifi hotspot. Below is the snapshot of client configurations. Description Strong swan Server 192.168.43.212 Account ipsecvpn Password ***** Use certificate ON Certificate client The above username and password are in sync with the ipsec.secrets file. I am using the following ipsec.conf configuration: # basic configuration config setup plutodebug=all # crlcheckinterval=600 # strictcrlpolicy=yes # cachecrls=yes nat_traversal=yes # charonstart=yes plutostart=yes # Add connections here. # Sample VPN connections conn ios1 keyexchange=ikev1 authby=xauthrsasig xauth=server left=%defaultroute leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 leftfirewall=yes leftcert=serverCert.pem right=192.168.43.72 rightsubnet=10.0.0.0/24 rightsourceip=10.0.0.2 rightcert=clientCert.pem pfs=no auto=add With the above configurations when I enable VPN on iphone, it says Could not able to verify server certificate. I ran Wireshark on a Linux server and observe that initially some ISAKMP message exchanges happens between client and server, which are successful but before authorization, client is sending some informational message and soon after this client is showing error as popup Could not able to verify server certificate. Capture logs on Strongswan server and in server logs below errors are observed: From auth.log Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | ISAKMP version: ISAKMP Version 1.0 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | exchange type: ISAKMP_XCHG_INFO Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | flags: ISAKMP_FLAG_ENCRYPTION Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | message ID: 9d 1a ea 4d Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | length: 76 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | ICOOKIE: f6 b7 06 b2 b1 84 5b 93 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | RCOOKIE: 86 92 a0 c2 a6 2f ac be Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | peer: c0 a8 2b 48 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | state hash entry 8 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | state object not found Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: **packet from 192.168.43.72:500: Informational Exchange is for an unknown (expired?) SA** Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 8 seconds for #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | *time to handle event Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | event after this is EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 2 seconds Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | handling event EVENT_RETRANSMIT for 192.168.43.72 "ios1" #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | sending 76 bytes for EVENT_RETRANSMIT through wlan0 to 192.168.43.72:500: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | a6 a5 86 41 4b fb ff 99 c9 18 34 61 01 7b f1 d9 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 08 10 06 01 e9 1c ea 60 00 00 00 4c ba 7d c8 08 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 13 47 95 18 19 31 45 30 2e 22 f9 4d 85 2c 27 bc Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 9e 9b e1 ae 1e 35 51 6f ab 80 f5 73 3c 15 8d 20 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 4b 46 47 86 50 24 3f 13 15 7d d5 17 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | inserting event EVENT_RETRANSMIT, timeout in 40 seconds for #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 2 seconds for #10 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | rejected packet: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | control: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 6f 00 00 00 02 03 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 02 00 00 00 c0 a8 2b 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | name: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 02 00 01 f4 c0 a8 2b 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: **ERROR: asynchronous network error report on wlan0 for message to 192.168.43.72 port 500, complainant 192.168.43.72: Connection refused [errno 111, origin ICMP type 3 code 3 (not authenticated)]** Anybody please provide some update about this error and how to solve this issue.

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• Simple Cisco ASA 5505 config issue

  - by Ben Sebborn

  I have a Cisco ASA setup with two interfaces: inside: 192.168.2.254 / 255.255.255.0 SecLevel:100 outside: 192.168.3.250 / 255.255.255.0 SecLevel: 0 I have a static route setup to allow PCs on the inside network to access the internet via a gateway on the outside interface (3.254): outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.254 This all works fine. I now need to be able to access a PC on the outside interface (3.253) from a PC on the inside interface on port 35300. I understand I should be able to do this with no problems, as I'm going from a higher security level to a lower one. However I can't get any connection. Do I need to set up a seperate static route? Perhaps the route above is overriding what I need to be able to do (is it routing ALL traffic through the gateway?) Any advice on how to do this would be apprecaited. I am configuring this via ASDM but the config can be seen as below: Result of the command: "show running-config" : Saved : ASA Version 8.2(5) ! hostname ciscoasa domain-name xxx.internal names name 192.168.2.201 dev.xxx.internal description Internal Dev server name 192.168.2.200 Newserver ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/4 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/5 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/6 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/7 shutdown ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 192.168.3.250 255.255.255.0 ! ! time-range Workingtime periodic weekdays 9:00 to 18:00 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 clock summer-time GMT/BDT recurring last Sun Mar 1:00 last Sun Oct 2:00 dns domain-lookup inside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server Newserver domain-name xxx.internal same-security-traffic permit inter-interface object-group service Mysql tcp port-object eq 3306 object-group protocol TCPUDP protocol-object udp protocol-object tcp access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in remark ENABLES OUTSDIE ACCESS TO DEV SERVER! access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any interface outside eq www time-range Workingtime inactive access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp host www-1.xxx.com interface outside eq ssh access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq https access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Connect to SSH services access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq ssh access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Connect to mysql server access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any host mysql.xxx.com object-group Mysql access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any host mysql.xxx.com eq 3312 access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit object-group TCPUDP host Newserver any eq domain access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit icmp any any access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Draytek Admin access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 eq 4433 access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Phone System access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 eq 35300 log disable pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm warnings logging from-address [email protected] logging recipient-address [email protected] level errors mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip verify reverse-path interface inside ip verify reverse-path interface outside ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq www ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq https ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq ssh ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit icmp6 any any icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 icmp permit any outside no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface www dev.xxx.internal www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface ssh dev.xxx.internal ssh netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside control-plane access-group inside_access_in_1 in interface inside access-group inside_access_ipv6_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.254 10 route outside 192.168.3.252 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.252 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL aaa authentication enable console LOCAL

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• Choice and setup of version control

  - by Peter M

  I am about to set up an new laptop and in the process transition to a new version control system as part of a general cleanup. Currently I use a centralized version control system (yes it is VSS, and yes I know all the pro's and con's of that system, but as a single user system it works well for me). I have very little requirements for a new system and I am free to choose among any of the current mainstream players, but cost constraints will push me towards oss. Some of my requirements are: Runs on a single machine (ie the laptop in question) under windows I am not sharing things with other developers or workers - this is more for my own historical benefits. I want to version source code, documentation and binary files I have a large hierarchy of projects that are unrelated (see below) I have files within the hierarchy that don't need to be controlled (but could be) Some projects use Visual Studio, so some integration there could be nice. There could be some sharing of files between jobs. I generally only need a small about of branching in code files The directory hierarchy that I have at the moment is somewhat like: Root | |--Customer #1 | | | |--Job #1 | | | | | |--Data files received from Customer for Job (not controlled) | | |--Documentation files (controlled) | | |--Project information files (not controlled - but could be) | | |--Software Project Files (controlled) | | |--Scratch dir for job (not controlled) | | | |--Job #2 | | (same structure as above) | |--Customer #2 | |.. | |--Cusmtomer #n |.. Currently I have about 22 customers with differing numbers of projects underneath them. At the moment I have a single VSS repository based at the root of the directory structure. If I kept with a centralized system (ie SVN) I believe that I should keep the same approach and continue with a single repository based from the root dir. Is this a valid approach? However if I move to a distributed tool then I am unsure of how I should handle the situation. My initial guess is that I should not have a repository based on the root of my entire directory structure - but that is a guess so I really don't know how valid it is. Should I pitch a distributed approach at the Root, Customer, Job or sub-Job directory level? Also what I am not clear on with distributed tools (and perhaps with SVN as well), is if I can branch parts of a repository. For example, I can see branching source code in software projects as being useful, but branching my documentation as not being useful. So if I pitch a repository at the Job level, can I just branch the Software Project Files? Or would all files in that Job be branched? Every time I look at distributed tools I get a nagging feeling that they are not suited to my style of setup. I am uncomfortable with idea of having to manually set up something like 50 to 80 separate repositories (if I pitch at the Job level, or 20+ if at the Customer level) within my directory hierarchy. This feeling also extends to having all those repositories scattered around as well - however I do have a backup strategy that I trust, so this latter feeling is pretty well unfounded. So what advice can you all give me? Thanks in advance!

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• Openvpn issue with linux

  - by catsy

  So I've tried to setup openvpn, I followed some guide but it's stuck att "initialization sequence completed" with no connection and I can't find any working solution... here's the log: $Sun Sep 23 19:14:32 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.0 i486-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 20 2010 Enter Auth Username:pumpedup Enter Auth Password: Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 LZO compression initialized Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[163840-131072] S=[163840-131072] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194 Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194, sid=87a95723 a6d7b7f9 Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=NV/ST=NV/L=nVPN/O=nVpn/CN=nVpn_CA/[email protected] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=NV/ST=NV/L=nVPN/O=nVpn/CN=server/[email protected] Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1542', remote='link-mtu 6042' Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 WARNING: 'tun-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='tun-mtu 1500', remote='tun-mtu 6000' Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,route 10.102.162.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.102.162.6 10.102.162.5' Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 ROUTE default_gateway=10.0.2.2 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.102.162.6 pointopoint 10.102.162.5 mtu 1500 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 192.162.102.162 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.0.2.2 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 10.102.162.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed

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• SQL Server 2000 and SSL Encryption

  - by Angry_IT_Guru

  We are a datacenter that hsots a SQL Server 2000 environment which provides database services for a product we sell that is loaded as a rich-client applicatin at each of our many clients and their workstations. Currently today, the application uses straight ODBC connections from the client site to our datacenter. We need to begin encrypting the credentials -- since everything is clear-text today and the authentication is weakly encrypted -- and I'm trying to determine the best way to implement SSL on the server with minimizing the impact of the client. A few things, however: 1) We have our own Windows domain and all our servers are joined to our private domain. Our clietns no nothing of our domain. 2) Typically, our clients connect to our datacenter servers either by: a) Using TCP/IP address b) Using a DNS name that we publish via internet, zone transfers from our DNS servers to our customers, or the client can add static HOSTS entries. 3) From what I understand from enabling encryption is that I can go to the Network Utility and select the "encryption" option for the protocol that I wish to encrypt. Such as TCP/IP. 4) When the encryption option is selected, I have a choice of installing a third-party certificate or a self-signed. I have tested the self-signed, but do have potential issues. I'll explain in a bit. If I go with a third-party cert, such as Verisign, or Network solutions... what kind of certificate do I request? These aren't IIS certificates? When I go create a self-signed via Microsoft's certificate server, I have to select "Authentication certificate". What does this translate to in the third-party world? 5) If I create a self-signed certificate, I understand that the "issue to" name has to match the FQDN for the server that is running SQL. In my case, I have to use my private domain name. If I use this, what does this do for my clients when trying to connect to my SQL Server? Surely they cannot resolve my private DNS names on their network.... I've also verified that when the self-signed certificate is installed, it has to be in the local personal store for the user account that is running SQL Server. SQL Server will only start if the FQDN matches the "issue to" of the certificate and SQL is running under the account that has the certificate installed. If I use a self-signed certificate, does this mean I have to have every one of my clients install it to verify? 6) If I used a third-party certificate, which sounds like the best option, do all my clients have to have internet access when accessing my private servers of their private WAN connection to use to verify the certificate? What do I do about the FQDN? It sounds like they have to use my private domain name -- which is not published -- and can no longer use the one that I setup for them to use? 7) I plan on upgrading to SQL 2000 soon. Is setup of SSL any easier/better with SQL 2005 than SQL 2000? Any help or guiadance would be appreciated

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• Ops Center Solaris 11 IPS Repository Management: Using ISO Images

  - by S Stelting

  Please join us for a live WebEx presentation of this topic on Tuesday, November 20th at 9am MDT. Details for the call are provided below: https://oracleconferencing.webex.com/oracleconferencing/j.php?ED=209834017&UID=1512096072&PW=NYTVlZTYxMzdm&RT=MiMxMQ%3D%3D Meeting password: oracle123 Call-in toll-free number: 1-866-682-4770 International numbers: http://www.intercall.com/oracle/access_numbers.htm Conference Code: 762 9343 # Security Code: 7777 # With Enterprise Manager Ops Center 12c, you can provision, patch, monitor and manage Oracle Solaris 11 instances. To do this, Ops Center creates and maintains a Solaris 11 Image Packaging System (IPS) repository on the Enterprise Controller. During the Enterprise Controller configuration, you can load repository content directly from Oracle's Support Web site and subsequently synchronize the repository as new content becomes available. Of course, you can also use Solaris 11 ISO images to create and update your Ops Center repository. There are a few excellent reasons for doing this: You're running Ops Center in disconnected mode, and don't have Internet access on your Enterprise Controller You'd rather avoid the bandwidth associated with live synchronization of a Solaris 11 package repository This demo will show you how to use Solaris 11 ISO images to set up and update your Ops Center repository. Prerequisites This tip assumes that you've already installed the Enterprise Controller on a Solaris 11 OS instance and that you're ready for post-install configuration. In addition, there are specific Ops Center and OS version requirements depending on which version of Solaris 11 you plan to install.You can get full details about the requirements in the Release Notes for Ops Center 12c update 2. Additional information is available in the Ops Center update 2 Readme document. Part 1: Using a Solaris 11 ISO Image to Create an Ops Center Repository Step 1 – Download the Solaris 11 Repository Image The Oracle Web site provides a number of download links for official Solaris 11 images. Among those links is a two-part downloadable repository image, which provides repository content for Solaris 11 SPARC and X86 architectures. In this case, I used the Solaris 11 11/11 image. First, navigate to the Oracle Web site and accept the OTN License agreement: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/index.html Next, download both parts of the Solaris 11 repository image. I recommend using the Solaris 11 11/11 image, and have provided the URLs here: http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/11/sol-11-1111-repo-full.iso-ahttp://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/11/sol-11-1111-repo-full.iso-b Finally, use the cat command to generate an ISO image you can use to create your repository: # cat sol-11-1111-repo-full.iso-a sol-11-1111-repo-full.iso-b > sol-11-1111-repo-full.iso The process is very similar if you plan to set up a Solaris 11.1 release in Ops Center. In that case, navigate to the Solaris 11 download page, accept the license agreement and download both parts of the Solaris 11.1 repository image. Use the cat command to create a single ISO image for Solaris 11.1 Step 2 – Mount the Solaris 11 ISO Image in your Local Filesystem Once you have created the Solaris 11 ISO file, use the mount command to attach it to your local filesystem. After the image has been mounted, you can browse the repository from the ./repo subdirectory, and use the pkgrepo command to verify that Solaris 11 recognizes the content: Step 3 – Use the Image to Create your Ops Center Repository When you have confirmed the repository is available, you can use the image to create the Enterprise Controller repository. The operation will be slightly different depending on whether you configure Ops Center for Connected or Disconnected Mode operation.For connected mode operation, specify the mounted ./repo directory in step 4.1 of the configuration wizard, replacing the default Web-based URL. Since you're synchronizing from an OS repository image, you don't need to specify a key or certificate for the operation. For disconnected mode configuration, specify the Solaris 11 directory along with the path to the disconnected mode bundle downloaded by running the Ops Center harvester script: Ops Center will run a job to import package content from the mounted ISO image. A synchronization job can take several hours to run – in my case, the job ran for 3 hours, 22 minutes on a SunFire X4200 M2 server. During the job, Ops Center performs three important tasks: Synchronizes all content from the image and refreshes the repository Updates the IPS publisher information Creates OS Provisioning profiles and policies based on the content When the job is complete, you can unmount the ISO image from your Enterprise Controller. At that time, you can view the repository contents in your Ops Center Solaris 11 library. For the Solaris 11 11/11 release, you should see 8,668 packages and patches in the contents. You should also see default deployment plans for Solaris 11 provisioning. As part of the repository import, Ops Center generates plans and profiles for desktop, small and large servers for the SPARC and X86 architecture. Part 2: Using a Solaris 11 SRU to update an Ops Center Repository It's possible to use the same approach to upgrade your Ops Center repository to a Solaris 11 Support Repository Update, or SRU. Each SRU provides packages and updates to Solaris 11 - for example, SRU 8.5 provided the packaged for Oracle VM Server for SPARC 2.2 SRUs are available for download as ISO images from My Oracle Support, under document ID 1372094.1. The document provides download links for all SRUs which have been released by Oracle for Solaris 11. SRUs are cumulative, so later versions include the packages from earlier SRUs. After downloading an ISO image for an SRU, you can mount it to your local filesystem using a mount command similar to the one shown for Solaris 11 11/11. When the ISO image is mounted to the file system, you can perform the Add Content action from the Solaris 11 Library to synchronize packages and patches from the mounted image. I used the same mount point, so the repository URL was file://mnt/repo once again: After the synchronization of an SRU is complete, you can verify its content in the Solaris 11 library using the search function. The version pattern is 0.175.0.#, where the # is the same value as the SRU. In this example, I upgraded to SRU 1. The update job ran in just under 8 minutes, and a quick search shows that 22 software components were added to the repository: It's also possible to search for "Support Repository Update" to confirm the SRU was successfully added to the repository. Details on any of the update content are available by clicking the "View Details" button under the Packages/Patches entry.

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• New <%: %> Syntax for HTML Encoding Output in ASP.NET 4 (and ASP.NET MVC 2)

  - by ScottGu

  [In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu] This is the nineteenth in a series of blog posts I’m doing on the upcoming VS 2010 and .NET 4 release. Today’s post covers a small, but very useful, new syntax feature being introduced with ASP.NET 4 – which is the ability to automatically HTML encode output within code nuggets.  This helps protect your applications and sites against cross-site script injection (XSS) and HTML injection attacks, and enables you to do so using a nice concise syntax. HTML Encoding Cross-site script injection (XSS) and HTML encoding attacks are two of the most common security issues that plague web-sites and applications.  They occur when hackers find a way to inject client-side script or HTML markup into web-pages that are then viewed by other visitors to a site.  This can be used to both vandalize a site, as well as enable hackers to run client-script code that steals cookie data and/or exploits a user’s identity on a site to do bad things. One way to help mitigate against cross-site scripting attacks is to make sure that rendered output is HTML encoded within a page.  This helps ensures that any content that might have been input/modified by an end-user cannot be output back onto a page containing tags like <script> or <img> elements.  ASP.NET applications (especially those using ASP.NET MVC) often rely on using <%= %> code-nugget expressions to render output.  Developers today often use the Server.HtmlEncode() or HttpUtility.Encode() helper methods within these expressions to HTML encode the output before it is rendered.  This can be done using code like below: While this works fine, there are two downsides of it: It is a little verbose Developers often forget to call the HtmlEncode method New <%: %> Code Nugget Syntax With ASP.NET 4 we are introducing a new code expression syntax (<%:  %>) that renders output like <%= %> blocks do – but which also automatically HTML encodes it before doing so.  This eliminates the need to explicitly HTML encode content like we did in the example above.  Instead you can just write the more concise code below to accomplish the same thing: We chose the <%: %> syntax so that it would be easy to quickly replace existing instances of <%= %> code blocks.  It also enables you to easily search your code-base for <%= %> elements to find and verify any cases where you are not using HTML encoding within your application to ensure that you have the correct behavior. Avoiding Double Encoding While HTML encoding content is often a good best practice, there are times when the content you are outputting is meant to be HTML or is already encoded – in which case you don’t want to HTML encode it again.  ASP.NET 4 introduces a new IHtmlString interface (along with a concrete implementation: HtmlString) that you can implement on types to indicate that its value is already properly encoded (or otherwise examined) for displaying as HTML, and that therefore the value should not be HTML-encoded again.  The <%: %> code-nugget syntax checks for the presence of the IHtmlString interface and will not HTML encode the output of the code expression if its value implements this interface.  This allows developers to avoid having to decide on a per-case basis whether to use <%= %> or <%: %> code-nuggets.  Instead you can always use <%: %> code nuggets, and then have any properties or data-types that are already HTML encoded implement the IHtmlString interface. Using ASP.NET MVC HTML Helper Methods with <%: %> For a practical example of where this HTML encoding escape mechanism is useful, consider scenarios where you use HTML helper methods with ASP.NET MVC.  These helper methods typically return HTML.  For example: the Html.TextBox() helper method returns markup like <input type=”text”/>.  With ASP.NET MVC 2 these helper methods now by default return HtmlString types – which indicates that the returned string content is safe for rendering and should not be encoded by <%: %> nuggets.  This allows you to use these methods within both <%= %> code nugget blocks: As well as within <%: %> code nugget blocks: In both cases above the HTML content returned from the helper method will be rendered to the client as HTML – and the <%: %> code nugget will avoid double-encoding it. This enables you to default to always using <%: %> code nuggets instead of <%= %> code blocks within your applications.  If you want to be really hardcore you can even create a build rule that searches your application looking for <%= %> usages and flags any cases it finds as an error to enforce that HTML encoding always takes place. Scaffolding ASP.NET MVC 2 Views When you use VS 2010 (or the free Visual Web Developer 2010 Express) you’ll find that the views that are scaffolded using the “Add View” dialog now by default always use <%: %> blocks when outputting any content.  For example, below I’ve scaffolded a simple “Edit” view for an article object.  Note the three usages of <%: %> code nuggets for the label, textbox, and validation message (all output with HTML helper methods): Summary The new <%: %> syntax provides a concise way to automatically HTML encode content and then render it as output.  It allows you to make your code a little less verbose, and to easily check/verify that you are always HTML encoding content throughout your site.  This can help protect your applications against cross-site script injection (XSS) and HTML injection attacks.  Hope this helps, Scott

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