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• Java's TreeSet equivalent in Python?

  - by viksit

  I recently came across some Java code that simply put some strings into a Java TreeSet, implemented a distance based comparator for it, and then made its merry way into the sunset to compute a given score to solve the given problem. My questions, Is there an equivalent data structure available for Python? The Java treeset looks basically to be an ordered dictionary that can use a comparator of some sort to achieve this ordering. I see there's a PEP for Py3K for an OrderedDict, but I'm using 2.6.x. There are a bunch of ordered dict implementations out there - anyone in particular that can be recommended? Thanks.

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• Manipulating binary data in Python

  - by Dominic Bou-Samra

  I am opening up a binary file like so: file = open("test/test.x", 'rb') and reading in lines to a list. Each line looks a little like: '\xbe\x00\xc8d\xf8d\x08\xe4.\x07~\x03\x9e\x07\xbe\x03\xde\x07\xfe\n' I am having a hard time manipulating this data. If I try and print each line, python freezes, and emits beeping noises (I think there's a binary beep code in there somewhere). How do I go about using this data safely? How can I convert each hex number to decimal?

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• float change from python 3.0.1 to 3.1.2

  - by Jeremy

  Im trying to learn python. I am using 3.1.2 and the o'reilly book is using 3.0.1 here is my code import urllib.request price = (99.99) while price 4.74: page = urllib.request.urlopen ("http://www.beans-r-us.biz/prices-loyalty.html") text = page.read().decode("utf8") where = text.find('>$') start_of_price = where + 2 end_of_price = start_of_price + 6 price = float(text[start_of_price:end_of_price]) print ("Buy!") - here is my error Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/odin/Desktop/Coffe.py", line 14, in price = float(text[start_of_price:end_of_price]) ValueError: invalid literal for float(): 4.59 what is wrong? please help!!

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• Python list as *args?

  - by Cap

  I have two Python functions, both of which take variable arguments in their function definitions. To give a simple example: def func1(*args): for arg in args: print arg def func2(*args): return [2 * arg for arg in args] I'd like to compose them -- as in func1(func2(3, 4, 5)) -- but I don't want args in func1 to be ([6, 7, 8],), I want it to be (6, 7, 8), as if it was called as func1(6, 7, 8) rather than func1([6, 7, 8]). Normally, I would just use func1(*func2(3, 4, 5)) or have func1 check to see if args[0] was a list. Unfortunately, I can't use the first solution in this particular instance and to apply the second would require doing such a check in many places (there are a lot of functions in the role of func1). Does anybody have an idea how to do this? I imagine some sort of introspection could be used, but I could be wrong.

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• python - checking if a user has admin privileges

  - by Matt

  Hi, I'm writing a little program as a self-learning project in Python 3.x. my idea is for the program to allow two fields of text entry to the user, and then plug the user's input into the value of two specific registry keys. What I was wondering, and something my books don't seem to cover, is if there is a simple way to make it check if the current user can access the registry. I'd rather it cleanly tell the user that he needs admin privileges than for the program to go nuts and crash because it's trying to access a restricted area. I'd like it to make this check as soon as the program launches, before the user is given any input options. What code is needed for this? thanks for the help

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• Parsing dbpedia JSON in Python

  - by givp

  Hello, I'm trying to get my head around the dbpedia JSON schema and can't figure out an efficient way of extracting a specific node: This is what dbpedia gives me: http://dbpedia.org/data/Ceramic_art.json I've got the whole thing as a JSON object in Python but don't really understand how to get the english abstract from this data. I've gotten this far: u = "http://dbpedia.org/data/Ceramic_art.json" data = urlfetch.fetch(url=u) json_data = json.loads(data.content) for j in json_data["http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ceramic_art"]: if(j == "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract"): print "it's here" Not sure how to proceed from here. As you can see there are multiple languages. I need to get the english abstract. Thanks for your help, g

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• Python faster way to read fixed length fields form a file into dictionary

  - by Martlark

  I have a file of names and addresses as follows (example line) OSCAR ,CANNONS ,8 ,STIEGLITZ CIRCUIT And I want to read it into a dictionary of name and value. Here self.field_list is a list of the name, length and start point of the fixed fields in the file. What ways are there to speed up this method? (python 2.6) def line_to_dictionary(self, file_line,rec_num): file_line = file_line.lower() # Make it all lowercase return_rec = {} # Return record as a dictionary for (field_start, field_length, field_name) in self.field_list: field_data = file_line[field_start:field_start+field_length] if (self.strip_fields == True): # Strip off white spaces first field_data = field_data.strip() if (field_data != ''): # Only add non-empty fields to dictionary return_rec[field_name] = field_data # Set hidden fields # return_rec['_rec_num_'] = rec_num return_rec['_dataset_name_'] = self.name return return_rec

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• Complicated parsing in python

  - by Quazi Farhan

  I have a weird parsing problem with python. I need to parse the following text. Here I need only the section between(not including) "pre" tag and column of numbers (starting with 205 4 164). I have several pages in this format. <html> <pre> A Short Study of Notation Efficiency CACM August, 1960 Smith Jr., H. J. CA600802 JB March 20, 1978 9:02 PM 205 4 164 210 4 164 214 4 164 642 4 164 1 5 164 </pre> </html>

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• Python's urllib2 don't work on some sites

  - by Binny V A

  I found that you can't read from some sites using Python's urllib2(or urllib). An example... urllib2.urlopen("http://www.dafont.com/").read() # Returns '' These sites works when you visit the site. I can even scrap them using PHP(didn't try other languages). I have seen other sites with the same issue - but can't remember the URL at the moment. My questions are... What is the cause of this issue? Any workaround for this issue?

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• Why is this logical expression in python False?

  - by W3ctor

  My question is, why are these expressions False? Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> num = raw_input("Choose a number: ") Choose a number: 5 >>> print num 5 >>> print ( num < 18 ) False >>> print ( num == 5 ) False Because if i try this: >>> print ( num > 0 ) True The expression works fine. Thank you for the help!

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• Google Application Engine slow in case of Python...

  - by Aftershock

  hi, I am reading a "table" in Python in GAE that has 1000 rows and the program stops because the time limit is reached. (So it takes at least 20 seconds.)( Is that possible that GAE is that slow? Is there a way to fix that? Is this because I use free service and I do not pay for it? Thank you. The code itself is this: for u in userall: # userall has 1000 users for stockname in stocknamesall: # 4 stocks astock= stocksowned() astock.quantity = random.randint(1,100) astock.nameid = u.key() astock.stockid = stockname.key() liststocks.append(astock);

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• How to join two wav file using python??

  - by kaushik

  I am using python programming language,I want to join to wav file one at the end of other wav file? I have a Question in the forum which suggest how to merge two wav file i.e add the contents of one wav file at certain offset,but i want to join two wav file at the end of each other... And also i had a prob playing the my own wav file,using winsound module..I was able to play the sound but using the time.sleep for certain time before playin any windows sound,disadvantage wit this is if i wanted to play a sound longer thn time.sleep(N),N sec also,the windows sound wil jst overlap after N sec play the winsound nd stop.. Can anyone help??please kindly suggest to how to solve these prob... Thanks in advance

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• Building a minimal plugin architecture in Python.

  - by dF

  I have an application, written in Python, which is used by a fairly technical audience (scientists). I'm looking for a good way to make the application extensible by the users, i.e. a scripting/plugin architecture. I am looking for something extremely lightweight. Most scripts, or plugins, are not going to be developed and distributed by a third-party and installed, but are going to be something whipped up by a user in a few minutes to automate a repeating task, add support for a file format, etc. So plugins should have the absolute minimum boilerplate code, and require no 'installation' other than copying to a folder (so something like setuptools entry points, or the Zope plugin architecture seems like too much.) Are there any systems like this already out there, or any projects that implement a similar scheme that I should look at for ideas / inspiration?

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• Google App Engine python - Self is not defined

  - by sdasdas

  I have a request that maps to this class ChatMsg It takes in 3 get variables, username, roomname, and msg. But it fails on this last line here. class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): # this is line 239 def get(self): username = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('username')) roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) # this is line 242 When it tries to assign roomname, it tells me: <type 'exceptions.NameError'>: name 'self' is not defined Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 239, in <module> class ChatMsg(webapp.RequestHandler): File "/base/data/home/apps/chatboxes/1.341998073649951735/chatroom.py", line 242, in ChatMsg roomname = urllib.unquote(self.request.get('roomname')) what the hell is going on to make self not defined

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• Python Scraper for Javascript?

  - by Diego

  Hey all, Can anyone direct me to a good Python screen scraping library for javascript code (hopefully one with good documentation/tutorials)? I'd like to see what options are out there, but most of all the easiest to learn with fastest results... wondering if anyone had experience. I've heard some stuff about spidermonkey, but maybe there are better ones out there? Specifically, I use BeautifulSoup and Mechanize to get to here, but need a way to open the javascript popup, submit data, and download/parse the results in the javascript popup. <a href="javascript:openFindItem(12510109)" onclick="s_objectID=&quot;javascript:openFindItem(12510109)_1&quot;;return this.s_oc?this.s_oc(e):true">Find Item</a> I'd like to implement this with Google App engine and Django. Thanks!

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• taking intersection of N-many lists in python

  - by user248237

  what's the easiest way to take the intersection of N-many lists in python? if I have two lists a and b, I know I can do: a = set(a) b = set(b) intersect = a.intersection(b) but I want to do something like a & b & c & d & ... for an arbitrary set of lists (ideally without converting to a set first, but if that's the easiest / most efficient way, I can deal with that.) I.e. I want to write a function intersect(*args) that will do it for arbitrarily many sets efficiently. What's the easiest way to do that? EDIT: My own solution is reduce(set.intersection, [a,b,c]) -- is that good? thanks.

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• Python proper use of __str__ and __repr__

  - by Peter

  Hey, My current project requires extensive use of bit fields. I found a simple, functional recipe for bit a field class but it was lacking a few features I needed, so I decided to extend it. I've just got to implementing __str__ and __repr__ and I want to make sure I'm following convention. __str__ is supposed to be informal and concice, so I've made it return the bit field's decimal value (i.e. str(bit field 11) would be "3". __repr__ is supposed to be a official representation of the object, so I've made it return the actual bit string (i.e. repr(bit field 11) would be "11"). In your opinion would this implementation meet the conventions for str and repr? Additionally, I have used the bin() function to get the bit string of the value stored in the class. This isn't compatible with Python < 2.6, is there an alternative method? Cheers, Pete

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• Sqlite and Python -- return a dictionary using fetchone()?

  - by AndrewO

  I'm using sqlite3 in python 2.5. I've created a table that looks like this: create table votes ( bill text, senator_id text, vote text) I'm accessing it with something like this: v_cur.execute("select * from votes") row = v_cur.fetchone() bill = row[0] senator_id = row[1] vote = row[2] What I'd like to be able to do is have fetchone (or some other method) return a dictionary, rather than a list, so that I can refer to the field by name rather than position. For example: bill = row['bill'] senator_id = row['senator_id'] vote = row['vote'] I know you can do this with MySQL, but does anyone know how to do it with SQLite? Thanks!!!

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• How to override built-in getattr in Python?

  - by Stephen Gross

  I know how to override an object's getattr() to handle calls to undefined object functions. However, I would like to achieve the same behavior for the builtin getattr() function. For instance, consider code like this: call_some_undefined_function() Normally, that simply produces an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'call_some_undefined_function' is not defined I want to override getattr() so that I can intercept the call to "call_some_undefined_function()" and figure out what to do. Is this possible? Thanks, --Steve

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• "painting" one array onto another using python / numpy

  - by Nate

  I'm writing a library to process gaze tracking in Python, and I'm rather new to the whole numpy / scipy world. Essentially, I'm looking to take an array of (x,y) values in time and "paint" some shape onto a canvas at those coordinates. For example, the shape might be a blurred circle. The operation I have in mind is more or less identical to using the paintbrush tool in Photoshop. I've got an interative algorithm that trims my "paintbrush" to be within the bounds of my image and adds each point to an accumulator image, but it's slow(!), and it seems like there's probably a fundamentally easier way to do this. Any pointers as to where to start looking?

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• "Streaming" MJPG using python.

  - by tyler

  I have a webcam that I want to do some image processing on using Python. It's coming through as a Motion-JPEG. I want to try to process the stuff "live," but really what I want to do is this: Open the URL, start data streaming to some buffer... Read x bytes (where x is image size) to an image Process that image Display in result panel Return to number 2 The problem is that, while I do have the resolution, I have no idea how many bytes to read. I've tried googling the M-JPEG specification but can't find anything on if the images are separated by some header or what. Anybody have any ideas?

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• python class attribute

  - by chnet

  Hi, i have a question about class attribute in python. class base : def __init__ (self): pass derived_val = 1 t1 = base() t2 = base () t2.derived_val +=1 t2.__class__.derived_val +=2 print t2.derived_val # its value is 2 print t2.__class__.derived_val # its value is 3 The results are different. I also use id() function to find t2.derived_val and t2.class.derived_val have different memory address. My problem is derived_val is class attribute. Why it is different in above example? Is it because the instance of class copy its own derived_val beside the class attribute?

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• Python BOM error in Ascii file

  - by Intosia

  I have a wierd annoying problem with Python 2.6 I trying to run this file (and the other), on my Embedded Linux ARM board. http://svn.tuxisalive.com/software_suite_v3/smart-core/smart-server/trunk/TDSService.py I get this error File "tuxhttpserver.py", line 1 SyntaxError: encoding problem: with BOM I know that error is about the BOM bytes etc etc. BUT, there are NO BOM bytes, its plain Ascii. I checked with a Hexeditor, and the linux File command says its Ascii. Im freaking out here... The code worked fine on my Sheevaplug (also a ARM based system).

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• how to get day name in datetime in python

  - by gadss

  how can I get the day name (such as : Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) in datetime in python?... here is my code in my handlers.py from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator from piston.handler import BaseHandler from booking.models import * from django.db.models import * from piston.utils import rc, require_mime, require_extended, validate import datetime class BookingHandler(BaseHandler): allowed_method = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') fields = ('id', 'date_select', 'product_name', 'quantity', 'price','totalcost', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'contact', 'product') model = Booking def read(self, request, id, date_select): if not self.has_model(): return rc.NOT_IMPLEMENTED try: prod = Product.objects.get(id=id) prod_quantity = prod.quantity merge = [] checkDateExist = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=date_select) if checkDateExist.exists(): entered_date = Booking.objects.values('date_select').distinct('date_select').filter(date_select=date_select)[0]['date_select'] else: entered_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_select, '%Y-%m-%d') entered_date = entered_date.date() delta = datetime.timedelta(days=3) target_date = entered_date - delta day = 1 for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta maximumProdQuantity = prod.quantity quantityReserve = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=new_date, product=prod).aggregate(Sum('quantity'))['quantity__sum'] if quantityReserve == None: quantityReserve = 0 quantityAvailable = prod_quantity - quantityReserve data1 = {'maximum_guest': maximumProdQuantity, 'available': quantityAvailable, 'date': new_date} merge.append(data1) return merge except self.model.DoesNotExist: return rc.NOT_HERE in my code: this line sets the date: for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta

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• Iterate over a dict or list in Python

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Just wrote some nasty code that iterates over a dict or a list in Python. I have a feeling this was not the best way to go about it. The problem is that in order to iterate over a dict, this is the convention: for key in dict_object: dict_object[key] = 1 But modifying the object properties by key does not work if the same thing is done on a list: # Throws an error because the value of key is the property value, not # the list index: for key in list_object: list_object[key] = 1 The way I solved this problem was to write this nasty code: if isinstance(obj, dict): for key in obj: do_loop_contents(obj, key) elif isinstance(obj, list): for i in xrange(0, len(obj)): do_loop_contents(obj, i) def do_loop_contents(obj, key): obj[key] = 1 Is there a better way to do this? Thanks!

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