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• Are there any ebook readers for Win 7 Pro which can display two books side-side?

  - by verve

  I'm trying to learn a language and I want to be able to open the English version of a book and the German one together on the screen to compare etc.I'm particularly interested in displaying Kindle-typebooks side-by-side. I need software that is simple to use and not-too-ugly looking. Ha. Aesthetics seem to matter to me when I'm learning...or, any reader that can display ANY popular ebook formats in parallel form will do! Win 7. IE 9. Freeware or not.

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• Python 2.7 list of lists manipulation functionality

  - by user3688163

  I am trying to perform several operations on the myList list of lists below and am having some trouble figuring it out. I am very new to Python. myList = [ ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC','Break',3275,33,33725102303,296384802,20140107], ['Issue Id','2.Validity check1 for OTC','Break',3308,0,34021487105,0,20140107], ['Issue Id','3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3308,0,34021487105,0,20140107], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST','Break',73376,1,8.24931E+11,44690130,20140107], ['Issue Id','5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73377,0,8.24976E+11,0,20140107], ['Liquidity','1. OTC - Null','Break',7821 0,2.28291E+11,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','2. OTC - Unmapped','Break',7778,43,2.27712E+11,579021732.8,20140110], ['Liquidity','3. RST - Null','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','4. RST - Unmapped','Break',334608,512,1.01351E+12,735465433.1,20140110], ['Liquidity','5. RST - Valid','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC','Break',3292,33,32397924450,306203929,20140110], ['Issue Id','2.Validity check1 for OTC','Break',3325,0,32704128379,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3325,0,32704128379,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST','Break',73594,3,8.5352E+11,69614602,20140110], ['Issue Id','5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73597,0,8.5359E+11,0,20140110], ['Unlinked Silver ID','DQ','Break',3201318,176,20000000,54974.33386,20140101], ['Missing GCI','DQ','Break',3201336,158,68000000,49351.9588,20140101], ['Missing Book','DQ Break',3192720,8774,3001000000,2740595.484,20140101], ['Matured Trades','DQ','Break',3201006,488,1371000000,152428.8348,20140101], ['Illiquid Trades','1.Completeness Check for range','Break',43122,47,88597695671,54399061.43,20140107], ['Illiquid Trades','2.Completeness Check for non','Break',39033,0,79133622401,0,20140107] ] I am trying to get the result below but do not know how to do so: newList = [ ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC:2.Validity check1 for OTC:3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3275,33,33725102303,296384802,20140107], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST:5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73376,1,8.24931E+11,44690130,20140107], ['Liquidity','1. OTC - Null','Break:2. OTC - Unmapped','Break',7821 0,2.28291E+11,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','3. RST - Null:4. RST - Unmapped:5. RST - Valid','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC:2.Validity check1 for OTC:3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3292,33,32397924450,306203929,20140110], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST:5. RST - Valid','Break',73594,3,8.5352E+11,69614602,20140110], ['Unlinked Silver ID','DQ','Break',3201318,176,20000000,54974.33386,20140101], ['Missing GCI','DQ','Break',3201336,158,68000000,49351.9588,20140101], ['Missing Book','DQ Break',3192720,8774,3001000000,2740595.484,20140101], ['Matured Trades','DQ','Break',3201006,488,1371000000,152428.8348,20140101], ['Illiquid Trades','1.Completeness Check for range','Break',43122,47,88597695671,54399061.43,20140107], ['Illiquid Trades','2.Completeness Check for non','Break',39033,0,79133622401,0,20140107] ] Rules to create newList. Create a new list in the newList list of lists if the values in the lists meet the following conditions: multiple lists that match on `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` but with have (1) sums of `myList[i][3]` and `myList[i][4]` and (2) sums of `myList[i][5]` and `myList[i][6]` that are different from each other are just listed as is in newList if multiple lists match on both `myList[i][0]` (this is the type) and `myList[i][7]` (this is the date) are the same then create a new list for each set of lists with mathcing `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` that have (1) sums of `myList[i][3]` and `myList[i][4]` and (2) sums of `myList[i][5]` and `myList[i][6]` that are different from the other lists with mathcing `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]`. I also am trying to concatenate `myList[i][1]` separated by a ':' for all those lists with matching `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` and with sums of `myList[i][3]` + `myList[i][4]` and `myList[i][5]` + `myList[i][6]` that match. So essentially for this case only those lists in `myList` with sums of `myList[i][3]` + `myList[i][4]` and `myList[i][5]` + `myList[i][6]` are different from the other lists are then listed in newList. The above newList illustrates these results I am trying to achieve. If anyone has any ideas how to do this they would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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• Web Filter For Multiple Networks

  - by Rob

  I have been using a Barracuda web filter 310 in our network and I have just had enough of it. It does not support trunking and we have several networks that have users that need to be web filtered. (I guess if everyone just did their flippin jobs I would not have this issue) but the management wants me to get it resolved. Does anyone know the top five web filters that are better than the barracuda web filters that support network trunking so that I can have multiple domains and subnets going through it? Thanks in advance - everyone on this site is gold in my book!

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• How to slave a 3.5" 500gb sata external hdd(Western Digital) to my dell Inspiron laptop

  - by AJ HDD

  i have a 3.5" western digital my book 500gb external hdd....i gave it to a friend of mine and he broke the usb port in it...i went to a nearby comp repair shop and had him solder the thing...it didnt detect when i plugged it in my dell inspiron laptop........i recently saw about the 3.5" sata to usb enclosure, so i went to check it....strangely when its placed in the enclosure, its not detecting in windows...also when it was put as secondary(im guessing slave) to the shop fellow's desktop it shows up in the bios and starting, but then again doesnt show in windows 7, and the guy told me i need to data recovery to get teh data back p.s.the wd hdd doesnt have os, just data, soo my question is: can i slave the drive to my dell laptop and try to recover the data....if so how? please i would really appreciate it...thanks in advance

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• What we have to measure for measuring server performance If we can't measure the server processing time from client side?

  - by AsadYarKhan

  If we can not measure the server processing time from client side then which attributes will be good to measure in client side for measuring server side performance and What attributes are important ? I know we can get the server response time, latency and Throughput etc,but how do we understand/interpret the result of server side from these attrubutes. How can we analyse that whether my code is taking lots of time,whether Web Server, whether it is because of Server Machine(H/W).how would i know that which thing needs to be upgrade or improve.Please tell me any article or any book something that I need to study or explain here If you can so I can interpret the result of server side using these attributes response time, latency and throughput.You can tell other performance attribute if I need to understand the server result.

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• Font display issue (Mac OS X)?

  - by avenas8808

  I used a font manager on Mac OS X, for additional fonts in my graphic design projects without installing them to the fonts folder (I think that's how it works) - using Font Book and Font Explorer X Version 1.2.3 on OS X 10.6. Most fonts work fine, but Interstate has a problem: Interstate Regular is installed, but for some reason it's probably not seeing it; it's seeing all the Bold and Condensed versions fine. In the above image, it displays the second font as Interstate Regular, but it isn't that font... why? Also, how do I reset the system fonts folder back to the default-installed fonts (I think it's in the library folder) if worst comes to worst, and is using a font manager on Mac or Windows a good idea? I don't want to wreck my system, fairly new to using Mac, especially OS X, so any help would be gratefully accepted.

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• Making my SVN Public

  - by azz0r

  Hello, I'm looking todo an SVN checkout on a server so I need to make my local SVN public. I looked into GITHUB, but I'm not willing to pay or let the world see my project. Are there any alternates? Okay so I went through this tutorial: http://www.petri.co.il/setup-ssh-server-vista.htm Had some issues, so I did this: mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg84875.html Now I'm wondering how let the SSH access my SVN repo found in c:/wamp/svnRepo. Any tutorials or advice (please no: go read this book crap) greatly welcome!

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• How to color highlight text in a black/white document easily

  - by Lateron

  I am editing a 96 chapter book. The text is in normal black letters on a white background. What I want to be able to do is: I want to have any changes or additions automatically shown in another (per-selected) color. Without having to a)high lite a word or phrase to be changed or added and then b)going to the toolbar and clicking on the font color In other words I want the original color of the text to remain as it is and any additions or changes to be visible in another color without having to use the toolbar. Can this be done? I use OpenOffice or Word 2007 in Windows 7.

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• Cisco training basic, entry, ASA/PIX. Help to understand network

  - by Inbr3d

  I need to learn how to configure Cisco ASA/PIX boxes within my network. I have the task to impliment a new ASA 5505 into a new site we purchased. I have over 9 devices linking my sites together and with no support from the previous IT company im finding it hard to get to terms with what they can do and what they are currently doing. I know there are hundreds of guides how to configure them but into an existing environment? can anyone recommend courses within the UK that can help me? Im not much of a book reader, i would need to be able to manage my network after. also, should i seek external contracts to support these devices? as they are critical for our work. thanks

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• Free tool to automatically deskew and crop PDF made up of scanned pages [closed]

  - by Pietro M.

  I have several PDFs made up of book pages' scans. The scans are made from two pages at a time and some of these scans are skewed, making text appear slightly tilted. I'm looking for a tool that could allow me to do an automatic optimization by deskewing the scans without losing readability. I've found the GPL software briss to crop the scans in order to have a 1:1 page ratio instead of 2:1, but I don't have any tool to deskew the pages. I stumbled upon unpaper, another open source tool that seems perfect for what I want to do, but that tool is Linux only and it doesn't work on PDF files directly. Any hint is appreciated. Thank you.

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• How do I learn algorithms?

  - by Panthe

  Brief History: Just graduated high school, learned a bit of python and C++, have no friends with any helpful computer knowledge at all. Out of anyone i met in my school years I was probably the biggest nerd, but no one really knew. I consider my self to have a vast amount of knowledge on computers and tech then the average person. built/fixed tons of computers, and ability to troubleshoot pretty much any problem I came across. Now that high school is over, Ive really been thinking about my career. Loving, living computers for the past 15 years of my life I decided to take my ability's and try to learn computer programming, why I didn't start earlier I don't know, seems to be big mistake on my part... Doing some research I concluded that Python was the first programming language I should learn, since it was high level and easier to understand then C++ and Java. I also knew that to become good at what I did I needed to know more then just 2 or 3 languages, which didn't seem like a big problem considering once I learned the way Python worked, mainly syntax changed, and the rest would come naturally. I watched a couple of youtube videos, downloaded some book pdf's and snooped around from some tutorials here and there to get the hang of what to do. A two solid weeks had passed of trying to understand the syntax, create small programs that used the basic functions and understanding how it worked, I think i have got the hang of it. It breaks down into what ive been dealing with all this time (although i kinda knew) is that, input,output, loops, functions and other things derived from 0's and 1's storing data and recalling it, ect. (A VERY BASIC IDEA). Ive been able to create small programs, Hangman, file storing, temperature conversion, Caeser Cipher decode/encoding, Fibonacci Sequence and more, which i can create and understand how each work. Being 2 weeks into this, I have learned alot. Nothing at all compared to what i should be lear ning in the years to come if i get a grip on what I'm doing. While doing these programs I wont stop untill I've done doing a practice problem on a book, which embarresing enough will take me a couple hour depending on the complexity of it. I absolutly will not put aside the challenge until its complete, WHICH CAN BE EXTREMELY DRAINING, ive tried most problems without cheating and reached success, which makes me feel extremely proud of my self after completing something after much trial and error. After all this I have met the demon, alogrithm's which seem to be key to effiecent code. I cant seem to rap my head around some of the computer codes people put out there using numbers, and sometimes even basic functions, I have been able to understand them after a while but i know there are alot more complex things to come, considering my self smart, functions that require complex codes, actually hurt my brain. NOTHING EVER IN LIFE HURT MY BRAIN....... not even math classes in highschool, trying to understand some of the stuff people put out there makes me feel like i have a mental disadvantage lol... i still walk forward though, crossing my fingers that the understanding will come with time. Sorry if is this is long i just wish someone takes all these things into consideration when answering my question. even through all these downsides im still pushing through and continuing to try and get good at this, i know reading these tutorials wont make me any good unless i can become creative and make my own, understand other peoples programs, so this leads me to the simple question i could have asked in the beginning..... WHERE IN THE WORLD DO I START ? Ive been trying to find out how to understand some of the open source projects, how i can work with experianced coders to learn from them and help them, but i dont think thats even possible by the way how far people's knowledge is compared to me, i have no freinds who i can learn from, can someone help me and guide me into the right direction.. i have a huge motivation to get good at coding, anything information would be extremely helpful

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• Excel - working in a bank

  - by Einsteins Grandson

  I am supposed to go to an interview to a bank for just supporting managers in projects. It's a part-time job and the thing is that bank uses Excel for everything. Modifications of tables of really lot of data... What can I expect to find in the test of Excel? I have some books that are around 1000 pages thick but I don't have time and also don't feel like reading everything that's in them. These are the books that I have: http://www.amazon.com/Excel-2010-Bible-John-Walkenbach/dp/0470474874/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347571864&sr=8-1&keywords=excel+bible http://www.amazon.com/Excel-2010-The-Missing-Manual/dp/1449382355/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347571884&sr=8-1&keywords=Excel+2010+The+Missing+Manual http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-Excel-2010-In-Depth/dp/0789743086/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347571904&sr=8-1&keywords=Microsoft+Excel+2010+In+Depth So, anybody knows a good online tutorial or a book that would contain the basics and was not that much thick? ;-) Thanks so much!!!

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• Configuring Corporate Windows Error Reporting On Windows 7

  - by Clément

  Is there any good documentation out there explaining how to setup Corporate Error Reporting (CER) on Windows 7? I found some information in Advanced Windows Debugging but the book targets Windows XP and things have changed quite a bit since then. I could not find any tutorials on the Internet/MSDN either. To give a bit of background information, I work for a company with 25 employees and I would like to send crash reports to a local server so that I can analyze what causes our tools to crash. I think I need to know two things: Setting up a Corporate Error Reporting server. Setting up computer to send error reports to our Corporate Error Reporting server.

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• How can I programmatically renumber pages in a PDF?

  - by Andrew

  As a graduate student, I come across PDFs of articles and book chapters on a daily basis. Sometimes these PDFs are paginated correctly internally (that is, if an article starts on page 67, the PDF starts on page 67 as well; not on page 1). When they aren't, I have to open the file in Acrobat and renumber the pages in the "Page Thumbnails" panel. I would love to be able to automate this whole process with a script (bash, Python, AppleScript, whatever) that lets me pass the first actual page number... something like fixpagination example.pdf 67. However, I cannot find any terminal-based program that can re-paginate PDFs. Neither pdftk nor PyPDF seem to be able to deal with pagination. Are there any scriptable programs that can internally re-paginate PDF files?

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• Any good phone system on a Windows Environment ?

  - by Kedare

  Hello, I am looking for a phone system that integrate well with a (almost) 100% Microsoft. I would like something that can integrate with Exchange and Active Directory (in-phone searching/calling by name (is this possible using SIP ?), etc) and if possible something not too expensive (Bye bye Cisco !), what do you recommend me ? I've heard of 3CX as IPBX and Aastra as Phones, are they good for this ? Or do you know something else good at this ? I've also seen some Alcatel IP Phones doing this (search by name, but I think that was a separated address book and not loaded from AD/Exchange) Thank you !

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• merge two parts of pdf in one

  - by Yurij73

  I have two searchable pdf documents say even.pdf and odd.pdf which contains respectively even and odd pages of a book. I can decompile each pdf to separate files 001.pdf 002.pdf oo3.pdf ....The question is how to merge them? They are both even and odd sequences numbered 1,2,3. If it where other numbering on decompile stage with pdftk for even 1,3,5 and for odd 2,4,6 instead of existing order 1,2,3, 4.. i coulde simple merge them, but i ignore this method of numbering with pdftk. May be i need to do the task in other way?

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• Server App - Users

  - by Benno

  I'm using mac OSX lion server, and I'm trying to setup a user account with access to different services. I had to create the user in Prefs users and groups, because it wouldn't work in the Server app. In the server app, it kept saying "This operation couldn't be completed". I managed to create the user in the system prefs, but now I'm back in the server app and cannot update the services the user has access to. The checkboxes are all there for e.g. Address book, file sharing etc, but I can't deselect any of them... Any ideas on why I can't change a user's access to services?

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• NATing with a single-homed machine possible?

  - by Harry

  I have the following setup: a) a single-homed machine, A, that can see the Internet. b) other machines B, C, and D that cannot see the Internet. c) A, B, C, and D can see each other. d) all machines are running either RHEL 5.3 or Fedora 16. Question: Is it possible to have B, C, and D share the Internet connection with A somehow? Note, again, that machine A does not have a second NIC installed. (The solutions that I am finding on the Net assume A to be a dual-homed system!) Also, could you please recommend a set of book(s) or online resources for a current and in-depth coverage of iptables for people with only a basic knowledge of TCP/IP?

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• Logical and Physical network topologies

  - by t.thielemans

  I'm trying to understand the difference between logical and physical topologies but it's a bit confusing to me. Cisco states these as logical topologies, but from my understanding these should be physical topologies? This is what I understand so far: Physical PtP: desktop directly connected to a desktop Multiaccess: several desktops connected to a medium with access to each other (Cisco Ring image, how should I view this in a live situation?) Ring: several desktops directly connected to each other creating a loop? Logical PtP: two desktops (virtually) connected to each other with intermediairy devices in between MultiAccess: (don't have a clue) Ring: (don't have a clue) Could anyone help me out and perhaps explain the difference a bit more detailed? Online I can't find any useful topics. I am using the Cisco Network Fundamentals book.

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• how to google a symbol keyword like "$?"

  - by ZhengZhiren

  i saw a trick in a book: in a linux shell, we can use &? to get the return value of a command. For example,we run a command,if it exit normally, the return value is 0. And then we type $?,we will get 0 in the screen. i want to google this kind of usage, so i have to type these two symbol $? in the search blank.But the search engine just return nothing to me... i have looked at the google help page, but still can't find a solution. so my question is: how can i search with this kind of keyword. or if you can give me some advise of the usage of $? or sort of thing, that will be also appreciated.

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• CFStrings and storing them into models, related topics

  - by Jasconius

  I have a very frustrating issue that I believe involves CFStringRef and passing them along to custom model properties. The code is pretty messy right now as I am in a debug state, but I will try to describe the problem in words as best as I can. I have a custom model, User, which for irrelevant reasons, I am storing CF types derived from the Address Book API into. Examples include: Name, email as NSStrings. I am simply retrieving the CFStringRef value from the AddressBook API and casting as a string, whereupon I assign to the custom model instance and then CFRelease the string. These NSString properties are set as (nonatomic, retain). I then store this model into an NSArray, and I use this Array as a datasource for a UITableView When accessing the object in the cellForRowAtIndexPath, I get a memory access error. When I do a Debug, I see that the value for this datasource array appears at first glance to be corrupted. I've seen strange values assigned to it, including just plain strings, such as one that I fed to an NSLog function in earlier in the method. So, the thing that leads me to believe that this is Core Foundation related is that I am executing this exact same code, in the same class even, on non-Address Book data, in fact, just good old JSON parsed strings, which produce true Cocoa NSStrings, that I follow the same exact steps to create the datasource array. This code works fine. I have a feeling that my (retain) property declaration and/or my [stringVar release] in my custom model dealloc method may be causing memory problems (since it is my understanding that you shouldn't call a Cocoa retain or release on a CF object). Here is the code. I know some of this is super-roundabout but I was trying to make things as explicit as possible for the sake of debugging. NSMutableArray *friendUsers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; int numberOfPeople = CFArrayGetCount(people); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfPeople; i++) { ABMutableMultiValueRef emails = ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonEmailProperty); if (ABMultiValueGetCount(emails) > 0) { User *addressContact = [[User alloc] init]; NSString *firstName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonFirstNameProperty); NSString *lastName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonLastNameProperty); NSLog(@"%@ and %@", firstName, lastName); NSString *fullName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", firstName, lastName]; NSString *email = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", (NSString *)ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(emails, 0)]; NSLog(@"the email: %@", email); [addressContact setName:fullName]; [addressContact setEmail:email]; [friendUsers addObject:addressContact]; [firstName release]; [lastName release]; [email release]; [addressContact release]; } CFRelease(emails); } NSLog(@"friend count: %d", [friendUsers count]); abFriends = [NSArray arrayWithArray:friendUsers]; [friendUsers release]; All of that works, every logging statement returns as expected. But when I use abFriends as a datasource, poof. Dead. Is my approach all wrong? Any advice?

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• Mac webcam photo application with access to camera settings (resolution, camera selection, color balance, focus)

  - by Pascal T.

  Does anyone know about a webcam photo application (ie an alternative to photo booth) with would allow to change the settings on the camera, such as : Select camera (I.e I want to use an external webcam) Change camera resolution (with photobooth change camera settings (I.e autofocus, aperture, color balance, etc..) I did a lot of research on the internet with no success. I am looking for a very simple app (such as wmcap.exe on Windows) What I tried so far: photo booth: it works with an external camera, however there is no way to change the resolution, or the color/focus settings manycam : a virtual webcam driver. you can add special effects to your camera and transfer those effects to any app, but not change your camera settings... iGlasses : enables you to change the camera settings inside photo booth and other apps. However you cannot control the focus, nor the video resolution macam (did not work on my Mac book Pro) Does anyone know better than me? Note : my only solution now is to launch a virtual machine (with parallels desktop) and take the pictures from there!

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• How do I assign a MBP's Mission Control button (F3) for use in Windows 7?

  - by Everett

  I have a recent Mac Book Pro that I triple boot (OS X, Win7, BT5). I'd like to use the Mission Control button (F3) in Windows 7 on my MBP to call Dexpot's "Windows Catalog." Does anyone know of: 1) A setting in Windows (Registry adjustment, etc) that I could assign for this to work? 2) A setting in Dexpot that would configure this? 3) A piece of software that does this? My preference for the answer is in the order above. If I get multiple answers, the one that works, that is posted first, that does what 1) states, gets selected. If 1) won't work, I'll select from answers to 2), etc...

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• Screen rotation hot key (CTRL+ALT+UP) not responding, what's going on?

  - by Jamie

  The other day my son (11 months) discovered a new hot key combination on my laptop. As I'm sure many of you are aware (I wasn't until the other day), on machines with Intel Graphics, pressing CTRL+ALT+{any arrow key} rotates the screen. After I recovered from my shock, and did a little sideways Googling to figure out how to fix it, I decided this might actually be useful. I read a lot of online documentation, and it fits better on the screen when it's rotated. Since it's a laptop, I hold the machine like a book and read it. It worked great all afternoon yesterday. But today at work I tried to show a friend this new trick, using the same laptop, and found that the CTRL+ALT+UP no longer works. I can rotate it to any orientation but the normal one. I'm guessing something else is intercepting this hot key, but what could be doing this?

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• C++ copy-construct construct-and-assign question

  - by Andy

  Blockquote Here is an extract from item 56 of the book "C++ Gotchas": It's not uncommon to see a simple initialization of a Y object written any of three different ways, as if they were equivalent. Y a( 1066 ); Y b = Y(1066); Y c = 1066; In point of fact, all three of these initializations will probably result in the same object code being generated, but they're not equivalent. The initialization of a is known as a direct initialization, and it does precisely what one might expect. The initialization is accomplished through a direct invocation of Y::Y(int). The initializations of b and c are more complex. In fact, they're too complex. These are both copy initializations. In the case of the initialization of b, we're requesting the creation of an anonymous temporary of type Y, initialized with the value 1066. We then use this anonymous temporary as a parameter to the copy constructor for class Y to initialize b. Finally, we call the destructor for the anonymous temporary. To test this, I did a simple class with a data member (program attached at the end) and the results were surprising. It seems that for the case of b, the object was constructed by the copy constructor rather than as suggested in the book. Does anybody know if the language standard has changed or is this simply an optimisation feature of the compiler? I was using Visual Studio 2008. Code sample: #include <iostream> class Widget { std::string name; public: // Constructor Widget(std::string n) { name=n; std::cout << "Constructing Widget " << this->name << std::endl; } // Copy constructor Widget (const Widget& rhs) { std::cout << "Copy constructing Widget from " << rhs.name << std::endl; } // Assignment operator Widget& operator=(const Widget& rhs) { std::cout << "Assigning Widget from " << rhs.name << " to " << this->name << std::endl; return *this; } }; int main(void) { // construct Widget a("a"); // copy construct Widget b(a); // construct and assign Widget c("c"); c = a; // copy construct! Widget d = a; // construct! Widget e = "e"; // construct and assign Widget f = Widget("f"); return 0; } Output: Constructing Widget a Copy constructing Widget from a Constructing Widget c Assigning Widget from a to c Copy constructing Widget from a Constructing Widget e Constructing Widget f Copy constructing Widget from f I was most surprised by the results of constructing d and e.

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