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  • Unable to log in due to freeze, occasional error message

    - by Xianlin Xiong
    I'm new to Ubuntu. And I have some problems now. I downloaded Ubuntu 11.10 and burned it onto a CD. Then I load it in my conputer, it's easy. But when I finished those and restarted the computer, the problem comes: After I choose to log in the Ubuntu system,the screen stays in pink, and it can't jump into (about 30 min), and then I have no choices but to press Ctrl+Alt+Del to reboot. Another time I choose Ubuntu to log in, it shows on the screen that "BusyBox v1.18.4 ...... built-in shell ...... initramfs". However the Live CD works very well. What’s more, there is a Windows 7 partition on the hard drive. (Windows 7 is also okay.) But I leave more than 20GB on the hard drive to Ubuntu. When I installed Ubuntu, I only made two partitions (swap and /). I don’t know where the problems happened and how to deal with them. And I hope someone can help me out with the troubles.

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  • Is there any way to facilitate switching windows in Ubuntu?

    - by Ivan
    I'm just a student who received my laptop from my uncle, who's a coder, so I'm still getting used to working with ubuntu. I recently upgraded ubuntu from an earlier version, and everything seems to be pretty great. The only thing is that when I open a program, or file, or whatever, it takes up the whole screen. I can only close it by going to the far top left of my screen, or by ctrl+W. Anyways, I find it really hard to switch between programs. For example I really like to have my windows that are open to be accessible by clicking on their icon at the bottom of the screen... Great when writing or researching. Anyways, I really just want to find an easier way to switch windows. Also, I used to love the way I could cube-rotate my screen, and just drag files from one desktop to another, with compiz. Now, its sort of like flipping a coin when I switch windows, is there any way to get my desktop cube back? And yes, I have enabled all the old settings I used to use with compiz. Sorry if what I'm asking is very basic, I know how to use a computer, I'm just not really familiar with the interface! Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • Laptop, unable to install discrete graphics card GTX 880M

    - by FoxyShadoww
    So I've bought the GT70 2PE Dominator Pro a few weeks ago and I installed Zorin OS 9 Ultimate on it. Today I tried to install the Nvidia drivers on my laptop since it has the GTX 880M, but my system became unbootable. Can anyone help me with this issue? I will write down what I've tried so far. This is what I've tried so far: Downloaded the newest Nvidia drivers from their website. Pressed CTRL+ALT+F2 to open the terminal page thingy. Logged in and got root access. Stopped the lightdm service. Ran the NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.32.run installer. Pressed the accept button and right after that it told me the following message: The distribution-provided pre-install script failed! Continue installation anyway?. When I install anyway, it will crash my system and makes it unbootable, Does anyone know how to use my GTX 880M? Do I need to enable it on boot time somehow? Thanks for the support, Sapphire ~

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  • Incremental search in Visual Studio

    - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama
    Visual studio is a Great IDE and there are still lots of feature that not known to developers. Incremental search is one of them. This is a amazing feature to find code in particular document and its available from Visual Studio 2010 and carried over in Visual Studio 2012. Incremental search allows developers to search in document without blocking UI and allow to search as they type. Interesting!! right.. So let’s open visual studio and see how it works. Once you open Visual Studio and press Ctrl + I and type something it will find the string without blocking your visual studio UI. Just like following. In the above code you can see that, I have typed Cons and You can see that whole console word is highlighted. Even you can see that find dialog box on top right corner of visual studio 2012 like following. Same way if you see the footer in visual studio where it is finding cons in current document like following. Isn’t that great now we find things very easily and we don’t have to remember whole word like Console. Hope you like it. Stay tuned for more updates.

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  • Video Bug after a fresh installation

    - by Matan
    Hello, I just installed Ubuntu 10.10 (I'm brand new to Ubuntu) on my laptop. I seem to have a video bug that I don't know how to deal with. When the log-in screen comes up, the boxes are way off in the corner of the screen (partially off it). When I enter my password, the screen goes black for a few seconds, then returns to the login screen. I can open a Terminal window and enter my login info that way. When I go back to Gnome (Ctrl+Alt+F7 or whatever) it shows me as "logged in" but I still can't get to the desktop. If anyone has any advice, I'd love to hear it--just try to use simple language, please, since I really don't know Linux at all yet! I'm running an Averatec 3700 Series: Mobile AMD Sempron 3000+ 512 MB DDR, 80 GB HDD After looking at this question I tried going in through Failsafe mode (took me a while to figure out the hold-shift-while-booting thing _<) and playing around with the resolution. Setting a somewhat wider resolution did seem to fix things so that I can log into regular GNOME, I think. I'm not sure if this fix will persist, but it seems like it might!

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 wireless disabled even though the direct connectin (thru modem) is working fine

    - by user90841
    Need help with my newly installed Ubuntu 12.04 system (dual booting along with Win 7), even thoguh I can use internet using the modem and directly plugging it, the wireless network is disabled and it says firmware missing. I tried the following options: 1) checking to see if the wireless is disabled using the hot keys (F2 or Ctrl+F2, Fn + F2 keys), the wireless is working fine in Win 7 but not in Ubuntu. 2) I am able directly plug the laptop with the modem and able connect to Internet using Ubuntu. 3) From the top right hand menu bar, te Wireless networks options say "device not ready (firmware missing) and the Enable Wireless checkbox is checked. 4) tried the command "rfkill list" , it shows all are NOT blocked. 0: phy0: Wireless LAN soft blocked:no Hard blocked: no 1: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN soft blocked:no Hard blocked: no 2: dell-bluetooth: BlueTooth soft blocked:no Hard blocked: no 3: hci0 Bluetooth soft blocked:no Hard blocked: no 5) ifconfig command shows eth0 and lo (lcoalhost) up and running but the wlan0 option is not available to show unless I type ifconfig -a, when it shows wlan0 but its down. 6) The command lspci -vvnn | grep 14e4 shows 04:00.0 network Controller [0280]: Broadcom Corp BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY [14e4:4315] {rev 01) 08:00.0 Ethernet Controller [0200]: Broadcom Corp Netlink BCM5784M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe [1434:1698] {rev 10) 7) The file /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state shows all options are true (networking enabled, wireless enabled, wwlanenabled and wimaxenabled all options are set to true). 8) 'additional drivers' in your Dash and/or Preferences do not bring up anything at all. 9) output for lshw -C network shows *-network DISABLED description : Wireless interface physical id: 4 logical name: wlan0 serial: 78:e4_00"43:b6:ab capabilities: ethernet physical wireless Configuration: broadcast=yes driver=b43 driverversion=3.2.0.29-generic-pae firmware=N/A link=no multicast= yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg

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  • Nvidia drivers with GeForce 680M problem [closed]

    - by biofermin
    Possible Duplicate: There's an issue with an Alpha/Beta Release of Ubuntu, what should I do? I have a new Alienware M17x which I have installed 64-bit Ubuntu 12.10 (dual boot). I have tried various ways to install the Nvidia drivers for the GeForce GTX 680M (which they claim they are compatible with): from Ubuntu Software Centre (though Additional Drivers fails to detect the card.) using sudo apt-get install nvidia-current downloading the drivers from nvidia and manually installing them (ctrl + alt + F6, sudo service lightdm stop, sudo ./NVIDIA*, sudo reboot) (each with a clean install of Ubuntu) but in all cases, when I reboot after installing nvidia-setings claims that I am not using the driver and should sudo nvidia-xconfig from the terminal, which I do but this has no effect and I am stuck in crappy resolution until I rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf and reboot. The xorg.conf that nvidia-xconfig generates is: Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "Screen0" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "no" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Unknown" HorizSync 28.0 - 33.0 VertRefresh 43.0 - 72.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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  • Can't log-in anymore

    - by Awake Zoldiek
    I installed Ubuntu x64 12.04 Desktop LTS on my new laptop three days ago. Of course when I installed it I did an "apt-get upgrade" and a "apt-get update". I modified the .bashrc file to add some aliases but that's about it. Everything went fine I think, but this morning when I tried to connect to my user account, it just simply didn't work. Even when I give the right password, it will send me to a black screen with a few text lines written in white for a second and then back to the log-in screen. When I logged into the guest session, I couldn't shutdown / restart. I tried the "rm /home/MyUsername/.Xauthority" solution after doing a Ctrl + Alt + F1 at the log-in screen. But that didn't work. Does anyone has an idea ? My Ubuntu seems to use Gnome. Thank you a lot in advance ! This question is similar to this one, but their solution didn't help : -- after 12.04 upgrade: can't log in although password is correct

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  • How to make the internal subwoofer work on an Asus G73JW?

    - by CodyLoco
    I have an Asus G73JW laptop which has an internal subwoofer built-in. Currently, the system detects the internal speakers as a 2.0 system (or I can change do 4.0 is the only other option). I found a bug report here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/673051 which discusses the bug and according to them a fix was sent upstream back at the end of 2010. I would have thought this would have made it into 12.04 but I guess not? I tried following the link given at the very bottom to install the latest ALSA drivers, here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Audio/InstallingLinuxAlsaDriverModules however I keep running into an error when trying to install: sudo apt-get install linux-alsa-driver-modules-$(uname -r) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package linux-alsa-driver-modules-3.2.0-24-generic E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'linux-alsa-driver-modules-3.2.0-24-generic' I believe I have added the repository correctly: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/ppa [sudo] password for codyloco: You are about to add the following PPA to your system: This PPA will be used to provide testing versions of packages for supported Ubuntu releases. More info: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-audio-dev/+archive/ppa Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /tmp/tmp.7apgZoNrqK --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80/ --recv 4E9F485BF943EF0EABA10B5BD225991A72B194E5 gpg: requesting key 72B194E5 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com gpg: key 72B194E5: public key "Launchpad Ubuntu Audio Dev team PPA" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1) And I also ran an update as well (followed the instructions on the fix above). Any ideas?

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  • display driver problem

    - by Robert
    I just recently installed Ubuntu 12.10 on my laptop and am keeping windows 7 as a back up for when I get stuck like now..... After I installed Ubuntu I got on line and was reading about some of the things to do after Installing for the first time. One of them was looking for additional drivers witch I did and found two display drivers. Both drivers were from Ubuntu. However after install and a reboot I can't see any of my menu bars.....no app bar on the side.....no bar at the top of the display...nothing. I did have a file on the desktop that I was able to open. And I just learned that ctrl+alt+T gets me a form of command prompt. this worked but I don't know how to use it. How do I get my menu bars back?? is there a way to uninstall the drivers? I am really new to Ubuntu and like it so far but am having problems getting over the learning curve.

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  • lxterminal not working

    - by Dora
    My Lxterminal is not working. Here's some background: A few days ago I wanted to configure the keyboard layouts for my Lubuntu 11.10 for English and Romanian. You can find a deetailed description of what I did here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11793260 So, it worked for a few days. Today it stopped working again. So I started reading forums again. I tried to follow this forum: Switching keyboard layouts in Lubuntu 11.10 so I went up in the terminal, went into the .bashrc file and added this sudo tee -a /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart right after this: setxkbmap -layout "us,ro(winkeys)" -option "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle" Then pressed Ctrl+X and Enter. Almost at the same time I installed some system updates. A few minutes later I wanted to use the terminal again, and this is what happens: [sudo] password for dora: I type in the password but nothing happens. Also, whatever other command I try to type, it just gets returned. No errors messages, nothing. Please help. PS: Funnily, I just noticed that I am now able to type in Romanian again!

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  • What to do about "system running in low-graphics mode"?

    - by ubuntubabe
    My Dell which was 5 years old suddenly karked it and I had the "low graphics" black screen and useless dialogue box. As I believed it was a dead graphics card I went out and bought a brand new machine. I put aside the new machine and tried again in vain to open the Dell. I eventually got to the command line via Ctrl+Alt+F1. I logged into my account from there, and simply started a series of sudo apt-get remove of various softwares that I knew were installed on my PC (software without any great consequence like Google earth, tweak, Skype etc). Lo and behold after a sudo reboot my computer was fine again! So now I have 2 computers. BUT one week after buying the other one and installing 12.04 because I love Ubuntu, the SAME PROBLEM arrived! I once again deleted Google earth, Skype, and did a sudo reboot and everything worked as before. I think there is a bug or something in 12.04 as this problem has never arisen with any other versions of Ubuntu.

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  • Test JPQL with NetBeans IDE 7.3 Tools

    - by Geertjan
    Since I pretty much messed up this part of the "Unlocking Java EE 6 Platform" demo, which I did together with PrimeFaces lead Çagatay Çivici during JavaOne 2012, I feel obliged to blog about it to clarify what should have happened! In my own defense, I only learned about this feature 15 minutes before the session started. In 7.3 Beta, it works for Java SE projects, while for Maven-based web projects, you need a post 7.3 Beta build, which is what I set up for my demo right before it started. Then I saw that the feature was there, without actually trying it out, which resulted in that part of the demo being a bit messy. And thanks to whoever it was in the audience who shouted out how to use it correctly! Screenshots below show everything related to this new feature, available from 7.3 onwards, which means you can try out your JPQL queries right within the IDE, without deploying the application (you only need to build it since the queries are run on the compiled classes): SQL view: Result view for the above: Here, you see the result of a more specific query, i.e., check that a record with a specific name value is present in the database: Also note that there is code completion within the editor part of the dialog above. I.e., as you press Ctrl-Space, you'll see context-sensitive suggestions for filling out the query. All this is pretty cool stuff! Saves time because now there's no need to deploy the app to check the database connection.

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  • List of Asus U46 laptop troubles with Ubuntu 12.04

    - by Cybertib
    I've bought my ASUS U46 last february. I would like to make it work better with Ubuntu 12.04. Note taht I was forced to install Ubuntu 12.04 (before its publication) by ethernet. After a successfull install, several problem remain unfixed such as : USB 3 just does not work correctly. Can be fixed, but I didn't succeed yet. Nvidia Optimus (means that you can use Intel Chipset or the Nvidia GeForce) is possible to use thanks to BumbleBee project. It seems to work, though. But Nvidia tools still say they don't see any Nvidia driver installed. Battery duration can be optimised by using Laptop-tools. Any standby state lead to a X server crash. A good CTRL+ALT+F1 login and "shutdown -r" avoids a brutal power off. And since few weeks, I have some bug reports right after boot about "unattended-upgrade", and dpkg troubles after any apt-get install or update (Linux kernel doesn't compile anymore), ... Are there any ways to fix those troubles ? I would need a bit of assistance, in fact. Thank you for you help, Sincerly yours, Thibault

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  • Ubuntu Raring on iMac 2008; graphics update ATI Radeon HD 2600 Pro broke my Raring this morning!

    - by user197406
    Was working on my iMac(2008) 20,5" this morning when again some GLX etc updates appeared! As usual I let the update-installer do it's job; when finished updating, my screen got scrambled; I can not work anymore as the screen shivers, shakes and graphics is one big mess. Ctrl+Alt+F1 does not work either as most of the time my screen is black completely! When booting into OSX 10.8.5 (Raring dual boot with OSX 10.8.5), OSX graphics works flawlessly! Can anybody indicate me which ATI Radeon drivers I can download which repairs the 'malversation' of this mornings updates? I guess I will have to startup with some rescue boot disk (Knoppix?) to do manipulations… As I'm still a noob as well I need clear explanations (please). Raring worked perfectly in dual boot on my iMac until this mornings updates! Needles to say the 'final resort' is restarting (re)installation of Ubuntu Raring, but want to attempt to rescue my present 13.04. Thank you! Kind regards, Gaytan!

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  • Distribution upgrade (12.04 -> 14.04 LTS) halted while unpacking/installing packages

    - by Bob Sully
    As the title states...it just stopped unpacking/installing. "Preparing to unpack .../lirc_0.9.0-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb ..." then stopped in its tracks. Everything else is still running. The update manager process is still alive; if I hit ctrl-c, it gives me the warning message about leaving the system in a broken state. Also, if I run top, there is a process called "trusty" which is still running. I have NOT killed either process. lsb_release -a gives: LSB Version: core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty I assume that if I try to restart update-manager, I won't be offered the option to upgrade again. Anyone have a way I can get the update-manager/dist-upgrade process to simply finish the upgrade? Thanks!

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  • No Unity after ubuntu 12.10 upgrade

    - by Aivaras
    After I upgraded to Ubuntu 12.10 from 12.04, there was low graphics and no Unity. Just the mouse and the wallpaper. So, I got into the terminal via Ctrl+Alt+T, launched Chrome and searched for a solution. As a result, I tried this: sudo sh amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.run It did not work. Then I tried this: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:makson96/fglrx sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install fglrx-legacy It did not work too. I removed the repository, got back the the xorg version to 1.13, and tried this: sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglRx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev* xorg-driver-fglrx sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core It did return the screen resolution back, but still no Unity. Is there something what could I do? My graphics card is: lspci | grep VGA 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV620 [Mobility Radeon HD 3400 Series]

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  • Just installed Ubuntu 12.04. When booting, all I get is a black screen with cursor

    - by user66378
    Installation appears to go fine. After rebooting, I get my motherboard loading screens, but when it comes time for Ubuntu to boot, I just get a black screen with a blinking white underscore in the top-left - same as I got when waiting for the install CD to load, except it lasts forever. The only keypress it seems to recognize is ctrl+alt+del, which reboots. Letters don't register, function keys w/ or w/o modifiers do nothing. I've installed Ubuntu 12.04 twice and got the same error. The first time, I installed it as the only OS, and had it take up the whole disk. The second time, I installed Windows 7 first, then Ubuntu by specifying custom partitions. After this install, it would boot straight to Windows without showing grub. I used EasyBCD to add the Ubuntu installation to grub, and this got grub to show, and let me select it, but it led back to the same error described up top. I've had Linux Mint 11 and 12 installed on this PC, but was unable to get previous versions of Ubuntu to install (always had errors while installing, not after). Hardware: Intel Core i7-2600K Sandy Bridge 3.4GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 1155 ASUS SABERTOOTH P67 (REV 3.0) LGA 1155 Intel P67 SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 ATX Intel Motherboard EVGA 01G-P3-1371-TR GeForce GTX 460 (Fermi) CORSAIR Vengeance 16GB (4 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Western Digital RE4 WD5003ABYX 500GB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive

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  • Upgraded from ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10 issues

    - by ubuntu novice user
    I recently upgraded 12.04 to 12.10 ubuntu and then all hell broke loose. Being more specific, I have a Compaq machine and its hard disk is partitioned into 3 parts, so when I installed Ubuntu 10.04, I installed it in windows, since then have upgraded with each new ubuntu release via the update manager without any problems. I have installed the 64 bit versions. 12.10 downloaded via update manager, and initial downloading of packages was without problems, however, as it tried to install the packages, error messages appeared. The first was one about missing lib files, but I clicked to continue, since I am a relative novice on ubuntu. It continued, and during the restart process, when it was powering down, the computer hanged on the shutting down bit without rebooting for more than half an hour, so I manually shut down the machine and restarted it. Then a new error message appeared stating could not find disk, and I hit the manual fix option, and it now boots to an empty ubuntu desktop with my wallpaper but no launcher and the graphics appears as if this was put on a 640 x 480 resolution, and the screen no longer fits onto my 19" LCD. I had to use Ctrl-Alt-T to log out and then restart from there. How can I resolve this issue. Please help!

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  • Trouble installing Ubuntu.

    - by CV13
    I have a blank 1TB hard drive that I have run ubuntu on before. I recently formatted it and am trying to reinstall Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on there. Using the Universal USB installer and the 64-bit iso file, I booted up my computer with only my 1TB hard drive connected. I go through the installation process normally, until I restart my computer at the end. Once restarted, I start to experience the problem deal with here. When I run it normally, it goes to a black screen with a blinking cursor. When I select the "Recovery Mode" option, a bunch of lines scroll across the screen, the last of which is "hostap_pci: Registered netdevice wifi0". It then stops there with a blinking cursor. When I follow the instructions on the page I linked to (replacing "quiet splash" with "nomodeset") and bunch of lines scroll through after I press Ctrl+x. The last line displayed is Adding 8386556k swap on /dev/sda5. Priority:-1 extents:1 across: 8386556k It then stops there with a blinking cursor. How do I fix this problem?

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  • What language and tools can I use to create a simple game with child-lock (capture all key press) for Windows? [closed]

    - by scw
    I'm writing an open source program that changes colors & plays sounds when keys are pressed. I want it to run in full screen mode and have a child-lock so kids can't exit accidentally. I want it to capture all keys including ctrl alt delete. (So it's partially a game, but partially windows utility.) My target OS is Windows 7 (32 & 64 bit), keeping Windows 8 in mind. My options: Visual Studio using .net C# Windows Forms - the devil I know. But not a "game" platform, which is why I'm asking this question. Visual Studio & XNA - have never used XNA, not sure of capabilities or support future Python - What flavor, what modules, what IDE? I've never done anything with Python but I found a couple of similar open source projects in python. Something else that I don't know about? Any input is appreciated.

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  • Add keyboard languages to XP, Vista, and Windows 7

    - by Matthew Guay
    Do you regularly need to type in multiple languages in Windows?  Here we’ll show you the easy way to add and change input languages to your keyboard in XP, Vista, and Windows 7. Windows Vista and 7 come preinstalled with support for viewing a wide variety of languages, so adding an input language is fairly simply.  Adding an input language is slightly more difficult in XP, and requires installing additional files if you need an Asian or Complex script language.  First we show how to add an input language in Windows Vista and 7; it’s basically the same in both versions.  Then, we show how to add a language to XP, and also how to add Complex Script support.  Please note that this is only for adding an input language, which will allow you to type in the language you select.  This does not change your user interface language. Change keyboard language in Windows 7 and Vista It is fairly simple to add or change a keyboard language in Windows 7 or Vista.  In Windows 7, enter “keyboard language” in the Start menu search box, and select “Change keyboards or other input methods”. In Windows Vista, open Control Panel and enter “input language” in the search box and select “Change keyboards or other input methods”.  This also works in Windows 7. Now, click Change Keyboards to add another keyboard language or change your default one. Our default input language is US English, and our default keyboard is the US keyboard layout.  Click Add to insert another input language while still leaving your default input language installed. Here we selected the standard Thai keyboard language (Thai Kedmanee), but you can select any language you want.  Windows offers almost any language you can imagine, so just look for the language you want, select it, and click Ok. Alternately, if you want, you can click Preview to see your layout choice before accepting it.  This is only the default characters, not ones that will be activated with Shift or other keys (many Asian languages use many more characters than English, and require the use of Shift and other keys to access them all).  Once your finished previewing, click close and then press Ok on the previous dialog. Now you will see both of your keyboard languages in the Installed services box.  You can click Add to go back and get more, or move your selected language up or down (to change its priority), or simply click Apply to add the new language. Also, you can now change the default input language from the top menu.  This is the language that your keyboard will start with when you boot your computer.  So, if you mainly use English but also use another language, usually it is best to leave English as your default input language. Once you’ve pressed Apply or Ok, you will see a new icon beside your system tray with the initials of your default input language. If you click it, you can switch between input languages.  Alternately you can switch input languages by pressing Alt+Shift on your keyboard. Some complex languages, such as Chinese, may have extra buttons to change input modes to accommodate their large alphabet. If you would like to change the keyboard shortcut for changing languages, go back to the Input Languages dialog, and select the “Advanced Key Settings” tab.  Here you can change settings for Caps Lock and change or add key sequences to change between languages. Also, the On-Screen keyboard will display the correct keyboard language (here the keyboard is displaying Thai), which can be a helpful reference if your physical keyboard doesn’t have your preferred input language printed on it.  To open this, simply enter “On-Screen keyboard” in the start menu search, or click All Programs>Accessories>On-Screen keyboard. Change keyboard language in Windows XP The process for changing the keyboard language in Windows XP is slightly different.  Open Control Panel, and select “Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options”.   Select “Add other languages”. Now, click Details to add another language.  XP does not include support for Asian and complex languages by default, so if you need to add one of those languages we have details for that below. Click Add to add an input language. Select your desired language from the list, and choose your desired keyboard layout if your language offers multiple layouts.  Here we selected Canadian French with the default layout. Now you will see both of your keyboard languages in the Installed services box.  You can click Add to go back and add more, or move your selected language up or down (to change its priority), or simply click Apply to add the new language. Once you’ve pressed Apply or Ok, you will see a new icon beside your system tray with the initials of your default input language. If you click it, you can switch between input languages.  Alternately you can switch input languages by pressing Alt+Shift on your keyboard. If you would like to change the keyboard shortcut for changing languages, go back to the Input Languages dialog, and click the “Key Settings” button on the bottom of the dialog.  Here you can change settings for Caps Lock and change or add key sequences to change between languages. Add support to XP for Asian and Complex script languages Windows XP does not include support for Asian and Complex script languages by default, but you can easily add them to your computer.  This is useful if you wish to type in one of these languages, or simply want to read text written in these languages, since XP will not display these languages correctly if they are not installed.  If you wish to install Chinese, Japanese, and/or Korean, check the “Install files for East Asian languages” box.  Or, if you need to install a complex script language (including Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Hebrew, the Indic languages, Thai, and Vietnamese), check the “Install files for complex script and right-to-left languages” box.   Choosing either of these options will open a prompt reminding you that this option will take up more disk space.  Support for complex languages will require around 10Mb of hard drive space, but East Asian language support may require 230 Mb or more free disk space.  Click Ok, and click apply to install your language files. You may have to insert your XP CD into your CD drive to install these files.  Insert the disk, and then click Ok. Windows will automatically copy the files, including fonts for these languages… …and then will ask you to reboot your computer to finalize the settings.  Click Yes, and then reopen the “Add other languages” dialog when your computer is rebooted, and add a language as before.     Now you can add Complex and/or Asian languages to XP, just as above.  Here is the XP taskbar language selector with Thai installed. Conclusion Unfortunately we haven’t found a way to add Asian and complex languages in XP without having an XP disc. If you know of a way, let us know in the comments. (No downloading the XP disc from torrent site answers please) Adding an input language is very important for bilingual individuals, and can also be useful if you simply need to occasionally view Asian or Complex languages in XP.  And by following the correct instructions for your version of Windows, it should be very easy to add, change, and remove input languages. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Show Keyboard Shortcut Access Keys in Windows VistaKeyboard Ninja: 21 Keyboard Shortcut ArticlesAnother Desktop Cube for Windows XP/VistaThe "Up" Keyboard Shortcut for Windows 7 or Vista ExplorerWhat is ctfmon.exe And Why Is It Running? TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 PCmover Professional Make your Joomla & Drupal Sites Mobile with OSMOBI Integrate Twitter and Delicious and Make Life Easier Design Your Web Pages Using the Golden Ratio Worldwide Growth of the Internet How to Find Your Mac Address Use My TextTools to Edit and Organize Text

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 10, Cancellation in PLINQ and the Parallel class

    - by Reed
    Many routines are parallelized because they are long running processes.  When writing an algorithm that will run for a long period of time, its typically a good practice to allow that routine to be cancelled.  I previously discussed terminating a parallel loop from within, but have not demonstrated how a routine can be cancelled from the caller’s perspective.  Cancellation in PLINQ and the Task Parallel Library is handled through a new, unified cooperative cancellation model introduced with .NET 4.0. Cancellation in .NET 4 is based around a new, lightweight struct called CancellationToken.  A CancellationToken is a small, thread-safe value type which is generated via a CancellationTokenSource.  There are many goals which led to this design.  For our purposes, we will focus on a couple of specific design decisions: Cancellation is cooperative.  A calling method can request a cancellation, but it’s up to the processing routine to terminate – it is not forced. Cancellation is consistent.  A single method call requests a cancellation on every copied CancellationToken in the routine. Let’s begin by looking at how we can cancel a PLINQ query.  Supposed we wanted to provide the option to cancel our query from Part 6: double min = collection .AsParallel() .Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } We would rewrite this to allow for cancellation by adding a call to ParallelEnumerable.WithCancellation as follows: var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); // Pass cts here to a routine that could, // in parallel, request a cancellation try { double min = collection .AsParallel() .WithCancellation(cts.Token) .Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); } catch (OperationCanceledException e) { // Query was cancelled before it finished } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here, if the user calls cts.Cancel() before the PLINQ query completes, the query will stop processing, and an OperationCanceledException will be raised.  Be aware, however, that cancellation will not be instantaneous.  When cts.Cancel() is called, the query will only stop after the current item.PerformComputation() elements all finish processing.  cts.Cancel() will prevent PLINQ from scheduling a new task for a new element, but will not stop items which are currently being processed.  This goes back to the first goal I mentioned – Cancellation is cooperative.  Here, we’re requesting the cancellation, but it’s up to PLINQ to terminate. If we wanted to allow cancellation to occur within our routine, we would need to change our routine to accept a CancellationToken, and modify it to handle this specific case: public void PerformComputation(CancellationToken token) { for (int i=0; i<this.iterations; ++i) { // Add a check to see if we've been canceled // If a cancel was requested, we'll throw here token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested(); // Do our processing now this.RunIteration(i); } } With this overload of PerformComputation, each internal iteration checks to see if a cancellation request was made, and will throw an OperationCanceledException at that point, instead of waiting until the method returns.  This is good, since it allows us, as developers, to plan for cancellation, and terminate our routine in a clean, safe state. This is handled by changing our PLINQ query to: try { double min = collection .AsParallel() .WithCancellation(cts.Token) .Min(item => item.PerformComputation(cts.Token)); } catch (OperationCanceledException e) { // Query was cancelled before it finished } PLINQ is very good about handling this exception, as well.  There is a very good chance that multiple items will raise this exception, since the entire purpose of PLINQ is to have multiple items be processed concurrently.  PLINQ will take all of the OperationCanceledException instances raised within these methods, and merge them into a single OperationCanceledException in the call stack.  This is done internally because we added the call to ParallelEnumerable.WithCancellation. If, however, a different exception is raised by any of the elements, the OperationCanceledException as well as the other Exception will be merged into a single AggregateException. The Task Parallel Library uses the same cancellation model, as well.  Here, we supply our CancellationToken as part of the configuration.  The ParallelOptions class contains a property for the CancellationToken.  This allows us to cancel a Parallel.For or Parallel.ForEach routine in a very similar manner to our PLINQ query.  As an example, we could rewrite our Parallel.ForEach loop from Part 2 to support cancellation by changing it to: try { var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); var options = new ParallelOptions() { CancellationToken = cts.Token }; Parallel.ForEach(customers, options, customer => { // Run some process that takes some time... DateTime lastContact = theStore.GetLastContact(customer); TimeSpan timeSinceContact = DateTime.Now - lastContact; // Check for cancellation here options.CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested(); // If it's been more than two weeks, send an email, and update... if (timeSinceContact.Days > 14) { theStore.EmailCustomer(customer); customer.LastEmailContact = DateTime.Now; } }); } catch (OperationCanceledException e) { // The loop was cancelled } Notice that here we use the same approach taken in PLINQ.  The Task Parallel Library will automatically handle our cancellation in the same manner as PLINQ, providing a clean, unified model for cancellation of any parallel routine.  The TPL performs the same aggregation of the cancellation exceptions as PLINQ, as well, which is why a single exception handler for OperationCanceledException will cleanly handle this scenario.  This works because we’re using the same CancellationToken provided in the ParallelOptions.  If a different exception was thrown by one thread, or a CancellationToken from a different CancellationTokenSource was used to raise our exception, we would instead receive all of our individual exceptions merged into one AggregateException.

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 18, Task Continuations with Multiple Tasks

    - by Reed
    In my introduction to Task continuations I demonstrated how the Task class provides a more expressive alternative to traditional callbacks.  Task continuations provide a much cleaner syntax to traditional callbacks, but there are other reasons to switch to using continuations… Task continuations provide a clean syntax, and a very simple, elegant means of synchronizing asynchronous method results with the user interface.  In addition, continuations provide a very simple, elegant means of working with collections of tasks. Prior to .NET 4, working with multiple related asynchronous method calls was very tricky.  If, for example, we wanted to run two asynchronous operations, followed by a single method call which we wanted to run when the first two methods completed, we’d have to program all of the handling ourselves.  We would likely need to take some approach such as using a shared callback which synchronized against a common variable, or using a WaitHandle shared within the callbacks to allow one to wait for the second.  Although this could be accomplished easily enough, it requires manually placing this handling into every algorithm which requires this form of blocking.  This is error prone, difficult, and can easily lead to subtle bugs. Similar to how the Task class static methods providing a way to block until multiple tasks have completed, TaskFactory contains static methods which allow a continuation to be scheduled upon the completion of multiple tasks: TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll. This allows you to easily specify a single delegate to run when a collection of tasks has completed.  For example, suppose we have a class which fetches data from the network.  This can be a long running operation, and potentially fail in certain situations, such as a server being down.  As a result, we have three separate servers which we will “query” for our information.  Now, suppose we want to grab data from all three servers, and verify that the results are the same from all three. With traditional asynchronous programming in .NET, this would require using three separate callbacks, and managing the synchronization between the various operations ourselves.  The Task and TaskFactory classes simplify this for us, allowing us to write: var server1 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(firstServer) ); var server2 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(secondServer) ); var server3 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(thirdServer) ); var result = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll( new[] {server1, server2, server3 }, (tasks) => { // Propogate exceptions (see below) Task.WaitAll(tasks); return this.CompareTaskResults( tasks[0].Result, tasks[1].Result, tasks[2].Result); }); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } This is clean, simple, and elegant.  The one complication is the Task.WaitAll(tasks); statement. Although the continuation will not complete until all three tasks (server1, server2, and server3) have completed, there is a potential snag.  If the networkClass.GetResults method fails, and raises an exception, we want to make sure to handle it cleanly.  By using Task.WaitAll, any exceptions raised within any of our original tasks will get wrapped into a single AggregateException by the WaitAll method, providing us a simplified means of handling the exceptions.  If we wait on the continuation, we can trap this AggregateException, and handle it cleanly.  Without this line, it’s possible that an exception could remain uncaught and unhandled by a task, which later might trigger a nasty UnobservedTaskException.  This would happen any time two of our original tasks failed. Just as we can schedule a continuation to occur when an entire collection of tasks has completed, we can just as easily setup a continuation to run when any single task within a collection completes.  If, for example, we didn’t need to compare the results of all three network locations, but only use one, we could still schedule three tasks.  We could then have our completion logic work on the first task which completed, and ignore the others.  This is done via TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAny: var server1 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(firstServer) ); var server2 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(secondServer) ); var server3 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(thirdServer) ); var result = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAny( new[] {server1, server2, server3 }, (firstTask) => { return this.ProcessTaskResult(firstTask.Result); }); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here, instead of working with all three tasks, we’re just using the first task which finishes.  This is very useful, as it allows us to easily work with results of multiple operations, and “throw away” the others.  However, you must take care when using ContinueWhenAny to properly handle exceptions.  At some point, you should always wait on each task (or use the Task.Result property) in order to propogate any exceptions raised from within the task.  Failing to do so can lead to an UnobservedTaskException.

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  • Microsoft TypeScript : A Typed Superset of JavaScript

    - by shiju
    JavaScript is gradually becoming a ubiquitous programming language for the web, and the popularity of JavaScript is increasing day by day. Earlier, JavaScript was just a language for browser. But now, we can write JavaScript apps for browser, server and mobile. With the advent of Node.js, you can build scalable, high performance apps on the server with JavaScript. But many developers, especially developers who are working with static type languages, are hating the JavaScript language due to the lack of structuring and the maintainability problems of JavaScript. Microsoft TypeScript is trying to solve some problems of JavaScript when we are building scalable JavaScript apps. Microsoft TypeScript TypeScript is Microsoft's solution for writing scalable JavaScript programs with the help of Static Types, Interfaces, Modules and Classes along with greater tooling support. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. This would be more productive for developers who are coming from static type languages. You can write scalable JavaScript  apps in TypeScript with more productive and more maintainable manner, and later you can compiles to plain JavaScript which will be run on any browser and any OS. TypeScript will work with browser based JavaScript apps and JavaScript apps that following CommonJS specification. You can use TypeScript for building HTML 5 apps, Node.JS apps, WinRT apps. TypeScript is providing better tooling support with Visual Studio, Sublime Text, Vi, Emacs. Microsoft has open sourced its TypeScript languages on CodePlex at http://typescript.codeplex.com/    Install TypeScript You can install TypeScript compiler as a Node.js package via the NPM or you can install as a Visual Studio 2012 plug-in which will enable you better tooling support within the Visual Studio IDE. Since TypeScript is distributed as a Node.JS package, and it can be installed on other OS such as Linux and MacOS. The following command will install TypeScript compiler via an npm package for node.js npm install –g typescript TypeScript provides a Visual Studio 2012 plug-in as MSI file which will install TypeScript and also provides great tooling support within the Visual Studio, that lets the developers to write TypeScript apps with greater productivity and better maintainability. You can download the Visual Studio plug-in from here Building JavaScript  apps with TypeScript You can write typed version of JavaScript programs with TypeScript and then compiles it to plain JavaScript code. The beauty of the TypeScript is that it is already JavaScript and normal JavaScript programs are valid TypeScript programs, which means that you can write normal  JavaScript code and can use typed version of JavaScript whenever you want. TypeScript files are using extension .ts and this will be compiled using a compiler named tsc. The following is a sample program written in  TypeScript greeter.ts 1: class Greeter { 2: greeting: string; 3: constructor (message: string) { 4: this.greeting = message; 5: } 6: greet() { 7: return "Hello, " + this.greeting; 8: } 9: } 10:   11: var greeter = new Greeter("world"); 12:   13: var button = document.createElement('button') 14: button.innerText = "Say Hello" 15: button.onclick = function() { 16: alert(greeter.greet()) 17: } 18:   19: document.body.appendChild(button) .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } The above program is compiling with the TypeScript compiler as shown in the below picture The TypeScript compiler will generate a JavaScript file after compiling the TypeScript program. If your TypeScript programs having any reference to other TypeScript files, it will automatically generate JavaScript files for the each referenced files. The following code block shows the compiled version of plain JavaScript  for the above greeter.ts greeter.js 1: var Greeter = (function () { 2: function Greeter(message) { 3: this.greeting = message; 4: } 5: Greeter.prototype.greet = function () { 6: return "Hello, " + this.greeting; 7: }; 8: return Greeter; 9: })(); 10: var greeter = new Greeter("world"); 11: var button = document.createElement('button'); 12: button.innerText = "Say Hello"; 13: button.onclick = function () { 14: alert(greeter.greet()); 15: }; 16: document.body.appendChild(button); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Tooling Support with Visual Studio TypeScript is providing a plug-in for Visual Studio which will provide an excellent support for writing TypeScript  programs within the Visual Studio. The following screen shot shows the Visual Studio template for TypeScript apps   The following are the few screen shots of Visual Studio IDE for TypeScript apps. Summary TypeScript is Microsoft's solution for writing scalable JavaScript apps which will solve lot of problems involved in larger JavaScript apps. I hope that this solution will attract lot of developers who are really looking for writing maintainable structured code in JavaScript, without losing any productivity. TypeScript lets developers to write JavaScript apps with the help of Static Types, Interfaces, Modules and Classes and also providing better productivity. I am a passionate developer on Node.JS and would definitely try to use TypeScript for building Node.JS apps on the Windows Azure cloud. I am really excited about to writing Node.JS apps by using TypeScript, from my favorite development IDE Visual Studio. You can follow me on twitter at @shijucv

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