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• I need to know the reasons why learning Linux Shell Scripting (BASH) benefits me as a PHP developer

  - by Ahmad Farouk

  I have been developing web sites/applications using the LAMP stack for almost 5 years. Currently I am interested to dig more into Linux OS, specifically BASH but from a web developer perspective, not from sys admin perspective. I am not intending to administrate Linux Servers. Only, I want to know, does learning shell scripting benefit me as a PHP developer? Does it make me a better, more skilled developer, or just its something irrelevant? Reasons, and examples are highly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 Can't Login-Tty Console said: -bash: /usr/bin/byobu/-launch: no such file or directory

  - by zuhudfm

  I face problem in login to Ubuntu 12.04. I think it's caused by accessing super user (if not wrong). I type sudo nautilus to put a background to burg, but i fail x_x. After reboot, i can't login to desktop. But i can login as guest. I had 'googling' for problem solving. Most of it is login to screen like terminal (maybe tty console) by pressing ctrl+alt+F1. But after i login system says: -bash: /usr/bin/byobu/-launch: no such file or directory help help help :(

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• How do global cancel/exit commands work in bash?

  - by SecurityGate

  As I have done multiple times before, I've written bash scripts, and just general commands that go nowhere. They just blink the little command line cursor at me for infinity until I control+C the command. When I do cancel the command, what exactly is going on when I do this? Am I somehow stopping and killing the current PID I'm working on? Does it jump to a different run-level and execute something to terminate the command? On a slightly different note, I've never been able to figure out how to set up something like this in a script or program I've worked on. Since I mostly program in Ruby, can I setup something like a certain key press stops the program? Every time I've looked into doing something similar, I always end up getting hung up when it comes to user input, whether that is a loop waiting for a condition, or something like this: def Break() user_break = gets.strip end def Main() Function1() Break() Function2() Break() [...] end It seems and is incredibly bulky, and definitely isn't easily scaled up or down.

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• curl object moved here error, bash

  - by adam n

  I'm trying to download an html file with curl in bash. When I download it manually, it works fine. However, when i try and run my script through crontab, the output html file is very small and just says "Object moved to here." with a broken link. Does this have something to do with the sparse environment the crontab commands run it? I found this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1279340/php-ssl-curl-object-moved-error but i'm using bash, not php. What are the equivalent command line options or variables to set to fix this problem in bash? (I want to do this with curl, not wget)

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• Is there any use for Bash scripting anymore?

  - by Precision

  I just finished my second year as a university CS student, so my "real-world" knowledge is lacking. I learned Java my first year, continued with Java and picked up C and simple Bash scripting my second. This summer I'm trying to learn Perl (God help me). I've dabbled with Python a bit in the past. My question is, now that we have very readable, very writable scripting languages like Python, Ruby, Perl, etc, why does anyone write Bash scripts? Is there something I'm missing? I know my linux box has perl and python. Are they not ubiquitous enough? Is there really something that's easier to do in Bash than in some other hll?

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• Install Bash completion together with distutils / pip

  - by ifischer

  I have created a simple Python module and want to distribute it with pip. I also want to install a Bash completion file together with the module. I'm installing the module with Python 2.7.1+ and pip 0.8.2. I have this setup.py: setup( name='jenkinsmon', version='0.0.1', description='Jenkins Job Monitor', long_description=open('README.txt').read(), scripts=['bin/jenkinsmon'], data_files=[ ('/etc/bash_completion.d', ['extras/jenkinsmon.completion']), ], install_requires = [ 'autojenkins', 'argparse' ], ) Now if I try to install the package with pip install -e ., the Bash completion file never gets installed together with the package. I also tried workarounds by specifying a MANIFEST.in, like described here: MANIFEST.in: include extras/jenkinsmon.completion But this also doesn't help - the completion files won't get installed. What can I do to install the Bash completion files?

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• How to translate small bash code to csh / tcsh (setting GNOME terminal title)

  - by user1069609

  I need help to translate the following bash code to tcsh : case $TERM in (xterm*) PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}\007"' ;; esac It is part of my .bashrc on all the machines which have bash as login shell. The code sets the GNOME terminal title to user@somehost (obviously with the real user name and host name). However some hosts have tcsh as login shell, so I need to translate the code into tcsh and add it to the .tcshrc . I considered to somehow source another file with the bash code from inside the .tcshrc file, but I couldn't make it work.

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• Bash script — determine if file modified?

  - by Alan H.

  I have a Bash script that repeatedly copies files every 5 seconds. But this is a touch overkill as usually there is no change. I know about the Linux command watch but as this script will be used on OS X computers (which don’t have watch, and I don’t want to make everyone install macports) I need to be able to check if a file is modified or not with straight Bash code. Should I be checking the file modified time? How can I do that? Edit: I was hoping to expand my script to do more than just copy the file, if it detected a change. So is there a pure-bash way to do this?

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• Renaming and Moving Files in Bash or Perl

  - by Katie

  HI, I'm completely new to Bash and StackOverflow. I need to move a set of files (all contained in the same folder) to a target folder where files with the same name could already exist. In case a specific file exists, I need to rename the file before moving it, by appending for example an incremental integer to the file name. The extensions should be preserved (in other words, that appended incremental integer should go before the extension). The file names could contain dots in the middle. Originally, I was thinking about comparing the two folders to have a list of the existing files (I did this with "comm"), but then I got a bit stuck. I think I'm just trying to do things in the most complicated possible way. Any hint to do this in the "bash way"? It's OK if it is done in a script other than bash script.

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• Bash commands not executed when through cron job - PHP

  - by basicxman

  Hi there! I have a cron job running a PHP script every five minutes; the PHP script executes two bash commands at the end of the script. I know the script is running due to a log file it appends to. When I run the PHP script manually via the Ubuntu Gnome Terminal both bash commands execute flawlessly; however when the PHP script is triggered via cron, the two bash commands are not ran. Any ideas? $command = 'notify-send "' . count($infoleakPosts) . ' New Posts."'; `$command`; $command = 'firefox http://example.com'; `$command`; */1 * * * * php /home/andrew/grab.php USERNAME PASSWORD # JOB_ID_1

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• Cygwin bash syntax error - but script run perfectly well in Ubuntu

  - by Michael Mao

  #!/bin/bash if test "$#" == "4"; then echo "$*"; else echo "args-error" >&2; fi; This little code snippet troubles me a lot when I tried to run it on both Ubuntu and Cygwin. Ubuntu runs bash version 4.0+ whereas Cygwin runs 3.2.49; But I reckon version collision shall not be the cause of this, this code runs well under fedora 10 which is also using bash version 3.+ So basically I am wondering if there is a way to code my script once and for all so there are not to have this awful issue later on. Many thanks in advance.

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• BASH Install Of Wordpress, Without Visiting wp-admin/install.php

  - by user916825

  I wrote this little BASH script that creates a folder,unzips Wordpress and creates a database for a site. The final step is actually installing Wordpress, which usually involves pointing your browser to install.php and filling out a form in the GUI. I want to do this from the BASH shell, but can't figure out how to invoke wp_install() and pass it the parameters it needs: -admin_email -admin_password -weblog_title -user_name (line 85 in install.php) Here's a similar question, but in python #!/bin/bash #ask for the site name echo "Site Name:" read name # make site directory under splogs mkdir /var/www/splogs/$name dirname="/var/www/splogs/$name" #import wordpress from dropbox cp -r ~/Dropbox/Web/Resources/Wordpress/Core $dirname cd $dirname #unwrap the double wrap mv Core/* ./ rm -r Core mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php sed -i 's/database_name_here/'$name'/g' ./wp-config.php sed -i 's/username_here/root/g' ./wp-config.php sed -i 's/password_here/mypassword/g' ./wp-config.php cp -r ~/Dropbox/Web/Resources/Wordpress/Themes/responsive $dirname/wp-content/t$ cd $dirname CMD="create database $name" mysql -uroot -pmypass -e "$CMD" How do I alter the script to automatically run the installer without the need to open a browser?

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• Bash: Check if file was modified since used in script

  - by Thomas Münz

  I need to check in a script if a file was modified since I read it (another application can modify it in between). According to bash manual there is a "-N" test which should report if a file was modified since last read. I tried it in a small script but it seems like it doesn't work. #!/bin/bash file="test.txt" echo "test" > $file cat $file; if [ -N $file ]; then echo "modified since read"; else echo "not modified since read"; fi I also tried an alternative way by touching another file and using if [ "file1" -nt "file2 ]; but this works only on a seconds accuracy which may under rare conditions not be sufficient. Is there any other bash-inbuilt solution for this problem or I do really need to use diff or md5sum?

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• How to log messages to a log file in a specific path from a bash script

  - by Erik

  How do you log messages to a log file in a specific path from a bash script? A naive implementation would be commands like: echo My message >>/my/custom/path/to/my_script.log But this probably has many disadvantages (no log rotation for example). I could use the 'logger' command, but it does not support logs in custom paths as far as I know and is not easy to configure if you have lots of bash scripts that could use a custom log file. In a scripting language like Ruby all this is quite easy: https://github.com/rudionrails/yell/wiki/101-the-datefile-adapter I could also make my own logger command based on this ruby library and call it from my bash scripts, but I guess there is already a well known solution that provides similar behavior for shell scripts?

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• Perl standard input with argument inside Bash

  - by neversaint

  I want to have such pipe in bash #! /usr/bin/bash cut -f1,2 file1.txt | myperl.pl foo | sort -u Now in myperl.pl it has content like this my $argv = $ARG[0] || "foo"; while (<>) { chomp; if ($argv eq "foo") { # do something with $_ } else { # do another } } But why the Perl script can't recognize the parameter passed through bash? Namely the code break with this message: Can't open foo: No such file or directory at myperl.pl line 15. What the right way to do it so that my Perl script can receive standard input and parameter at the same time?

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• "type" Command Not Working As Expected on Git Bash

  - by trysis

  The type command, in Linux, returns the location, on the filesystem, of the given file, if it is in the current folder or the $PATH. This functionality is also available through Windows with the Git Bash command line program. The command also returns a file's location given the file without its extension (.exe, .vbs, etc.) However, I have run into what seems like a strange corner case where the file exists on the $PATH but doesn't get returned using the command. I am thinking of buying a new computer soon, so I looked up the method of transferring the license key from one computer to another, in preparation for actually doing this. The method I found mentioned the files slmgr.vbs and slui.exe, both of which reside in the C:/Windows\System32 folder, which is in my $PATH, as usual for a Windows computer. However, these two files aren't showing up when I use the type command. Also, neither gets executed when I call the files as commands without their extensions in Git Bash, and only slmgr.vbs gets executed when I call them with the extensions. Finally, slmgr.vbs is shown when listing the folder's contents in Git Bash, as well, but slui.exe isn't. I thought this might have to do with permissions, and, indeed, both files have very restrictive permissions, as you can see in the pictures below, but they both have the same permissions, which wouldn't explain why one gets executed and the other doesn't when called directly, nor why one file is listed on command line but the other isn't. C:\Windows\System32 folder, proving the files exist: File permissions for the Users and Administrators groups for the two files (they are identical): And the folder: type command and its output in Git Bash for the 2 files, plus listing the files in the folder (using grep to filter as the folder is huge), as well as listing part of the $PATH (keep in mind, for all these, that Git Bash changes the paths as they are displayed): Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slmgr sh.exe": type: slmgr: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slmgr.vbs sh.exe": type: slmgr.vbs: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slui sh.exe": type: slui: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slui.exe sh.exe": type: slui.exe: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ slmgr sh.exe": slmgr: command not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ slmgr.vbs /c/WINDOWS/system32/slmgr.vbs: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `(' /c/WINDOWS/system32/slmgr.vbs: line 2: `' Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. A ll rights reserved.' Sean@MYPC ~ $ slui sh.exe": slui: command not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ slui.exe sh.exe": slui.exe: command not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ ls /c/Windows/System32/slui.exe /c/Windows/System32/slmgr.vbs ls: /c/Windows/System32/slui.exe: No such file or directory /c/Windows/System32/slmgr.vbs Sean@MYPC ~ $ echo $PATH /c/Users/Sean/bin:.:/usr/local/bin:/mingw/bin:/bin:/cmd:/c/Python33/:/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/iCLS Client/:/c/Program Files/Intel/iCLS Client/:/c/WINDOWS/sy stem32:/c/WINDOWS:/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem:/c/WINDOWS/System32/WindowsPowerShell /v1.0/:/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/c/Progr am Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/c/Program Files (x86)/ Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Int el(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/c/Program Files/Intel/WiFi/bin/:/c/Progr am Files/Common Files/Intel/WirelessCommon/:/c/strawberry/c/bin:/c/strawberry/pe rl/site/bin:/c/strawberry/perl/bin:/c/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft ASP.NET/ASP. NET Web Pages/v1.0/:/c/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/110/Tools/Binn/:/c/Pro gram Files (x86)/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/:/c/Program Files (x86)/Open AFS/Common:/c/HashiCorp/Vagrant/bin:/c/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/8.1/Wind ows Performance Toolkit/:/c/Program Files/nodejs/:/c/Program Files (x86)/Git/cmd :/c/Program Files (x86)/Git/bin:/c/Program Files/Microsoft/Web Platform Installe r/:/c/Ruby200-x64/bin:/c/Users/Sean/AppData/Local/Box/Box Edit/:/c/Program Files (x86)/SSH Communications Security/SSH Secure Shell:/c/Users/Sean/Documents/Lisp :/c/Program Files/GCL-2.6.1/lib/gcl-2.6.1/unixport:/c/Chocolatey/bin:/c/Users/Se an/AppData/Roaming/npm:/c/wamp/bin/mysql/mysql5.6.12/bin:/c/Program Files/Oracle /VirtualBox:/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.7.0_51/bin:/c/Program Files/Node-Growl:/c /chocolatey/bin:/c/Program Files/eclipse:/c/MongoDB/bin:/c/Program Files/7-Zip:/ c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application:/c/Program Files (x86)/LibreOffi ce 4/program:/c/Program Files (x86)/OpenOffice 4/program What's happening? Why aren't these files listed with the type command? Is this issue because of weird Windows permissions, or something even weirder? If permissions, why do they seem to have the same permissions, yet both are not handled in the same way?

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• May I define aliases elsewhere than into .bashrc ?

  - by Luc M

  We are several persons using the same login id on Linux Box. I want to define my own aliases without interfering with anyone. In the .bashrc, I define a alias to my bash file defining my own aliases. alias luc=/full/path/to/my/def_alias_luc.sh The file /full/path/to/my/def_alias_luc.sh contains #!/bin/bash echo "" echo "Defining Luc's aliases" echo "" echo "" echo "aliases before..." echo "" alias alias vimluc="vim -u /full/path/to/my/.vimrc " echo "" echo "aliases after" echo "" alias After executing /full/path/to/my/def_alias_luc.sh, the alias is still undefined. What do I miss ?

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• Bash: Reset and Clear Commands

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have been using the command: reset to clear my terminal. Although I am pretty sure this is not what I should be doing. Reset, as the name suggests resets your entire terminal (changes lots of stuff). Here is what I want: I basically want to use the command clear. However if you clear and then scroll up you still get tonnes of stuff from before. In general this is not a problem however I am looking at gross logs that are long and I want to make sure that I am just viewing the most recent one. I know that I could use more or something like that but I prefer this approach.

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• sequential SSH command execution not working in Ubuntu/Bash

  - by kumar

  My requirement is I will have a set of commands that needs to be executed in a text file. My Shell script has to read each command, execute and store the results in a separate file. Here is the snippet which does the above requirement. while read command do echo 'Command :' $command >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" redirect_pos=`expr index "$command" '>>'` if [ `expr index "$command" '>>'` != 0 ];then redirect_fn "$redirect_pos" "$command"; else $command state=$? if [ $state != 0 ];then echo "command failed." >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" else echo "executed successfully." >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" fi fi echo >> "$OUTPUT_FILE" done < "$INPUT_FILE" Sample Commands.txt will be like this ... tar -rvf /var/tmp/logs.tar -C /var/tmp/ Commands_log.txt gzip /var/tmp/logs.tar rm -f /var/tmp/list.txt This is working fine for commands which needs to be executed in local machine. But When I am trying to execute the following ssh commands only the 1st command getting executed. Here are the some of the ssh commands added in my text file. ssh uname@hostname1 tar -rvf /var/tmp/logs.tar -C /var/tmp/ Commands_log.txt ssh uname@hostname2 gzip /var/tmp/logs.tar ssh .. etc When I am executing this in cli it is working fine. Could anybody help me in this?

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• test filenames for regex patterns in bash

  - by rk

  I'm not sure exactly how the code should be written but I want to test a file/folder for naming patterns, something like: if [ -d $i ] && [ regex([0-9].,$i) { do something } I want it to check if the file/folder is a directory and that the name of it is a number (i.e. 1 or 101 or 10007)...

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• Bash: Read lines in a file scenario with sed or awk

  - by user105566

  I have this scenarios: File Content: 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.4 I want sed or awk so that when i cat the file every time new line is returned. like First iteration: cat ip | some magic 10.1.1.1 Second iteration returns 10.1.1.2 Third iteration returns 10.1.1.3 Fourth iteration returns 10.1.1.4 and after n number of iterations, it returns to line 1 Fifth iteration returns: 10.1.1.1 Can we do it using sed or awk.

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• calling a different python interpreter from bash command line

  - by Dennis Daniels

  I have python 2.7 installed [user@localhost google_appengine]$ python Python 2.7 (r27:82500, Sep 16 2010, 18:03:06) [GCC 4.5.1 20100907 (Red Hat 4.5.1-3)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. I want to use the python 2.5.2 that is in this directory [user@localhost Downloads]$ ls |grep "Python-2*" Python-2.5.2 Python-2.5.2.tgz to run a python script in Khan Academy platform against a google app engine application sudo python sample_data.py -a ~/workspace/GAE/google_appengine/appcfg.py upload Currently, when running the last script 2.7 python complains a lot (Google App Engine runs on 2.5.2 mostly and 2.6 almost) I would like to do something like sudo python env set ~/Downloads/Python-2.5.2 sample_data.py -a ~/workspace/GAE/google_appengine/appcfg.py upload Is this possible? If yes, please point the way. If not, please suggest a way to call python2.5.2 WITHOUT having to uninstall python 2.7 many many thanks Dennis

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• Bash: Reset and Clear Commands

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have been using the command: reset to clear my terminal. Although I am pretty sure this is not what I should be doing. Reset, as the name suggests resets your entire terminal (changes lots of stuff). Here is what I want: I basically want to use the command clear. However if you clear and then scowl up you still get tones of stuff from before. In general this is not a problem however I am looking at gross logs that are long and I want to make sure that I am just viewing the most recent one. I know that I could use more or something like that but I prefer this approach.

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• osx bash grep - finding search terms in a large file with one single line

  - by unsynchronized

  Is there simple unix command line i can enter which lets me isolate say 512 bytes either side of a search term, even if there is only one "line" in a very large text file? Ok, this should be easy. Famous last words. I'm not that familiar with grep, but it seems it is mainly used to filter out lines in the input that contain search terms. I have a very large json file that I downloaded that i want to search for a particular term. before you click the link - it's over 244MB so be warned - it is from the internet wayback machine and contains lists of zip files of archived photos. i am trying to find mine. Their web interface is broken, so i found the json file that they make public here - it's the last one on the list. when i grep looking for my username, it finds it, but proceeds to dump that line to the console. the problem is that line is 244MB long, and it's the only line in the file. i tried using less, but could not get that to do much - it's very slow, and seems to have the same issue. is there simple unix command line i can enter which lets me isolate say 512 bytes either side of a search term?

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• watch with bash colors preserved

  - by Pawel Goscicki

  From man watch: Non-printing characters are stripped from program output. Use "cat -v" as part of the command pipeline if you want to see them. So how do I use cat -v if I want to see the colored output from: watch ls -al --color

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