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• Conditional blocks of code in linux bash

  - by Arek

  Nearly everybody knows very useful && and || operators, for example: rm myf && echo "File is removed successfully" || echo "File is not removed" I've got a question: how to put a block of commands after && or || operators without using the function? For example I want to do: rm myf && \ echo "File is removed successfully" \ echo "another command executed when rm was successful" || \ echo "File is not removed" \ echo "another command executed when rm was NOT successful" What is the proper syntax of that script?

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• Log Files from bash script output

  - by neildeadman

  I have a script that runs (this works fine). I'd like to produce logfiles from its output and still show it on screen. I have this command that creates three files from this blog: ((./fk.sh 2>&1 1>&3 | tee errors.log) 3>&1 1>&2 | tee output.log) 2>&1 | tee final.log This does exactly what I want it to. My only issue is that I create files in my script and copy them somewhere, and I'd like to copy these logfiles there too, which I can't do whilst this script is running. I also wanted to make it easier for any user to run my script, so I created another script to run this script. According to this post (see last post) I can put a . before the script name and I can use variables assigned in my called script from the first script if I use them in the first. It doesn't seem to work though and I can't figure out why or find alternative methods. Can anyone help?

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• How to get Bash shell history range

  - by Aniti

  How can I get/filter history entries in a specific range? I have a large history file and frequently use history | grep somecommand Now, my memory is pretty bad and I also want to see what else I did around the time I entered the command. For now I do this: get match, say 4992 somecommand, then I do history | grep 49[0-9][0-9] this is usually good enough, but I would much rather do it more precisely, that is see commands from 4972 to 5012, that is 20 commands before and 20 after. I am wondering if there is an easier way? I suspect, a custom script is in order, but perhaps someone else has done something similar before.

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• how to get elements from list in bash

  - by SpawnST

  Here is a LIST: List = "abcd 1234 jvm something" How to get the second element "1234" without looping all the list?Thanks.

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• Bash shell prompt: where is $RET?

  - by Evgeni Sergeev

  I was reading this https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Color_Bash_Prompt and ended up with the following: # Stores the status of each command in $RET PROMPT_COMMAND='RET=$?;' # A colour. RED_SHELL='\e[0;36m' # Prints "Status 1" if RET is 1, for example. RET_VISUALISE='$(if [[ $RET != 0 ]]; then echo -ne "Status \[$RED_SHELL\]$RET\n" && RET=0; fi;)' # What to print for each prompt. PS1="$RET_VISUALISE\[\e]0;\w\a\]\n\[\e[32m\]\u@\h \t \[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[0m\]\n\$ " This does almost what I want, except when I press Enter,Enter,Enter multiple times after a command that returned status != 0. In this case it prints "Status 1" every time I press Enter. This is what the && RET=0; part was supposed to get rid of. Also, I don't understand why env | grep RET only shows the PS1 contents. What is the scope of $RET ?

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• What does this example bash startup script do?

  - by Dimitri

  I am trying to set up GNU Octave on my computer (Mac OS X 10.7.4). I am newbie in using Terminal and I need help to understand what the following script actually does: if [ -f ~/.bashrc ];then<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;. ~/.bashrc<br> fi<br> PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin<br> BASH_ENV=~/.bashrc<br> export BASH_ENV PATH<br> export GNUTERM=aqua<br> alias octave="/Applications/Octave.app/Contents/Resources/bin/octave"<br> alias gnuplot="/Applications/Gnuplot.app/Contents/Resources/bin/gnuplot"<br> (taken from here: http://wikibox.stanford.edu/me112/index.php/Main/OctaveMatlabNotes) So this script begins with the simple conditional if statement. I don't understand the conditional expression - what is -f and .bashrc? What the statement . ~/.bashrc actually does? Then 2 variables are defined PATH and BASH_ENV. Why are they exported? Why GNUTERM=aqua is exported even if it's not defined anywhere? All I need is a script that would allow me to run Octave by simply typing octave in the terminal. I don't need an alias for the gnu plot. Thanks

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• bash shell script which adds output of commands

  - by John Kube

  Let's say I have a command called foo which prints a number to the screen when called: $foo 3 Let's also say I have another command called bar which prints another number to the screen when called: $bar 5 I'm looking to write a shell script which will add together the output of foo and bar. How would I do that? (The outputs from the commands are not known ahead of time. They just so happen to have been 3 and 5 the last time they were run. They could have been something else.) Thanks!

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• Looking for a recommendation for an OS X Bash manual

  - by Mental Sticks

  I've just begun to use the Terminal in Mac OS X and I've found the man command very useful, although very often the explanations are too compact or complicated for me. I am looking for a very basic reference guide – like O'Reilly makes, for example. But in there I didn't find an entry for basic commands like ls or ln and a layman's explanation of all the flags and options. Could anybody recommend me something?

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• Delete recursive directorys with FTP command on Bash

  - by Fake4d

  I have a problem with my infrastructure here. I am in a closed DMZ and have to access a FTP-Server in another DMZ from a headless Suse Linux 10.1. So i think i only got the ftp command.. But i have to delete a directory with about 100 subdirectorys and endless files in it.. When I type del directory it returns "Its not empty" and so i have to delete each sub directory and file manually. Oh please tell me a way how i can do this automatically :)

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• Bash - Test for multiple users

  - by Mike Purcell

  I am trying to test if current user one of two allowed users to start a process, but I can't seem to get the multi-condition to work correctly: test ($(whoami) != 'mpurcell' || $(whoami) != 'root')) && (echo "Cannot start script as non-ccast user..."; exit 1) Is there a way to test multiple users without have to enter two lines, like this: test $(whoami) != 'mpurcell' && (echo "Cannot start script as non-ccast user..."; exit 1) test $(whoami) != 'root' && (echo "Cannot start script as non-ccast user..."; exit 1)

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• Bash: Quotes getting stripped when a command is passed as argument to a function

  - by Shoaibi

  I am trying to implement a dry run kind of mechanism for my script and facing the issue of quotes getting stripped off when a command is passed as an argument to a function and resulting in unexpected behavior. dry_run () { echo "$@" #printf '%q ' "$@" if [ "$DRY_RUN" ]; then return 0 fi "$@" } email_admin() { echo " Emailing admin" dry_run su - $target_username -c "cd $GIT_WORK_TREE && git log -1 -p|mail -s '$mail_subject' $admin_email" echo " Emailed" } Output is: su - webuser1 -c cd /home/webuser1/public_html && git log -1 -p|mail -s 'Git deployment on webuser1' [email protected] Expected: su - webuser1 -c "cd /home/webuser1/public_html && git log -1 -p|mail -s 'Git deployment on webuser1' [email protected]" With printf enabled instead of echo: su - webuser1 -c cd\ /home/webuser1/public_html\ \&\&\ git\ log\ -1\ -p\|mail\ -s\ \'Git\ deployment\ on\ webuser1\'\ [email protected] Result: su: invalid option -- 1 That shouldn't be the case if quotes remained where they were inserted. I have also tried using "eval", not much difference. If i remove the dry_run call in email_admin and then run script, it work great.

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• Bash: verify that process has stopped

  - by pfac

  I'm working on script meant to start/stop a set of services. For stopping, it has to terminate many processes which take a while and might hang. The script needs to verify that the process has indeed terminated, and send an email if such does not happen after a given period. This is what I have: pkill -f "stuff" for i in {1..30}; do VERIFICATIONS=$i if verification_command then echo "It's gone" break fi sleep 2 done if [ $VERIFICATIONS -ge 30 ]; then echo "failed to terminate" # send mail fi Is there a better way to do this?

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• Clean logging with BASH

  - by Matt Krouse

  I have a script that deletes files 7 days or older and then logs them to a folder. It logs and deletes everything correctly but when I open up the log file for viewing, its very sloppy. log=$HOME/Deleted/$(date) find $HOME/OldLogFiles/ -type f -mtime +7 -delete -print > "$log" The log file is difficult to read Example File Output: (when opened in notepad) /home/u0146121/OldLogFiles/file1.txt/home/u0146121/OldLogFiles/file2.txt/home/u0146121/OldLogFiles/file3.txt Is there anyway to log the file nicer and cleaner? Maybe with the Filename, date deleted, and how old it was? Any suggestions help!

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• In Bash, how can I obtain the directory path from the previous command's last argument

  - by Beaming Mel-Bin

  I frequently have to do this. For example: $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo-i $ cd /etc/pam.d/ # Figure I should just go to the directory Now, is there a way I could obtain the directory of the last argument when it's a file path? I'm asking this cause I recently became aware of the $_ variable that has become useful. Was wondering if there's some other commandline fu that might come in handy.

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• BASH - Run command for each line in output of previous command

  - by user1582375

  All, I am want to request all network services using: networksetup -listallnetworkservices I then want to run the below command for each line in produced from the above command: networksetup -setautoproxyurl "A LINE FROM ABOVE" http://etc... Adiitonally, I only want to issue the setautoproxyurl command for service with "Ethernet" or "Wi-Fi" in the name networksetup -listallnetworkservices | while read line; do networksetup -setautoproxy $line http://etc...

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• What to do when you can not type a letter in Cygwin/bash

  - by Stenemo

  I had a very strange issue that happened as I was editing .bashrc or possible .profile, which made it impossible to press the letter "a" (it is not showing up on screen, although I am able to type it in all other programs as usual. I am not sure, but I was trying to get aliases to work on my computer at the time, so it is possible that I somehow aliased a to "", although I am not sure how that would have happened. I solved this by copying all the files in "cygwin\etc\skel\" (these are the backup starting files in case you ever need to replace them) into my home folder. Just leaving this question here so that other people which run into the same problem know what to do, not sure why I am unable to press "solve your question" at the moment, but I hope that someone who reads this knows how to edit this question so that the next person with this problem knows what to do. Also, not sure if this belongs in this forum or another one, but guess it is more of a unix question.

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• (Mac Terminal) Looking for a recommendation for a BASH manual

  - by Mental Sticks

  Hi, I've just begun to use the Terminal in Mac OS X and I've found the 'man' command very useful, although very often the explanations are too compact or complicated for me. I am looking for a very basic reference guide – like O'Reilly makes, for example. But in there I didn't find an entry for basic commands like ls or ln and a layman's explanation of all the flags and options. Could anybody recommend me something? Thansk a bunch in advance

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• Prevent * to be expanded in the bash script

  - by Alex Farber

  Linux bash script: #!/bin/bash function Print() { echo $1 } var="*" Print $var Execution results: alex@alex-linux:~/tmp$ ./sample-script sample-script "*" is expanded to the list of files, which is actually script itself. How can I prevent this and see actual variable value? In general case, var can be more complicated than "*", for example: "home/alex/mydir/*".

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• bitwise XOR a string in Bash

  - by ricky2002

  Hi. I am trying to accomplish a work in Bash scripting. I have a string which i want to XOR with my key. #!/bin/sh PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin export PATH teststring="abcdefghijklmnopqr" Now how do i XOR the value of teststring and store it in a variable using bash? Any help will be appreciated.

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• Read a variable in bash with a default value

  - by rmarimon

  I need to read a value from the terminal in a bash script. I would like to be able to provide a default value that the user can change. # Please enter your name: Ricardo^ In this script the prompt is "Please enter your name: " the default value is "Ricardo" and the cursor would be after the default value. Is there a way to do this in a bash script?

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• hex dump of file in bash

  - by David Raswik

  How do I create a UNMODIFIED hex dump of a binary file in linux with bash? The od and hexdump commands both insert spaces in the dump, I DON'T WANT THIS, I need something that will simply write a long string with all the hex characters without inserting spaces or newlines in the output. How do I do this in bash?

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• Bash: Correct way to Iterate over Map

  - by Lars Tackmann

  In Bash I can create a map (hashtable) with this common construction hput() { eval "$1""$2"='$3' } hget() { eval echo '${'"$1$2"'#hash}' } and then use it like this: hput capitols France Paris hput capitols Spain Madrid echo "$(hget capitols France)" But how do I best iterate over the entries in the map ?. For instance, in Java I would do: for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : capitols.entrySet()) { System.out.println("Country " + entry.getKey() + " capital " + entry.getValue()); } is there a common way of accomplishing something similar in Bash ?.

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• Listing defined functions in bash

  - by Charles Duffy

  I'm trying to write some code in bash which uses introspection to select the appropriate function to call. Determining the candidates requires knowing which functions are defined. It's easy to list defined variables in bash using only parameter expansion: $ prefix_foo="one" $ prefix_bar="two" $ echo "${!prefix_*}" prefix_bar prefix_foo However, doing this for functions appears to require filtering the output of set -- a much more haphazard approach. Is there a Right Way?

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• Stop execution of python script when parent Bash shell script is killed

  - by jrdioko

  I'm working on a Bash shell script that runs several Python scripts like so: cd ${SCRIPT_PATH} python -u ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_ARGS} >> $JOBLOG 2>&1 At one point, I killed the shell script (using kill PID), but the Python script continued running, even after the script terminated. I thought these would die as soon as the main script died. What am I misunderstanding about Bash scripting, and what can I do to get the functionality I'm looking for? Thanks in advance!

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• bash: expanding variables with spaces

  - by adam n

  i have a file called physics 1b.sh in bash, if i try x="physics 1b" grep "string" "$x".sh grep complains: grep: physics 1b: No such file or directory. However, when i do grep "string" physics\ 1b.sh it works fine. So i guess the problem is something to do with the variable not being expanded to include the backslash that grep needs to recognize the space. How do i get this to work? using bash 3.2, mac os 10.6.

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