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  • What are Class methods in Python for?

    - by Dave Webb
    I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that Python is not Java, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions. I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with static methods in Java, but now I'm not sure when I would use them. All the advice I can find about Python Class methods is along the lines of newbies like me should steer clear of them, and the standard documentation is at its most opaque when discussing them. Does anyone have a good example of using a Class method in Python or at least can someone tell me when Class methods can be sensibly used?

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  • Should I be using abstract methods in this Python scenario?

    - by sfjedi
    I'm not sure my approach is good design and I'm hoping I can get a tip. I'm thinking somewhere along the lines of an abstract method, but in this case I want the method to be optional. This is how I'm doing it now... from pymel.core import * class A(object): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if callable(self.createDrivers): self._drivers = self.createDrivers(*args, **kwargs) select(self._drivers) class B(A): def createDrivers(self, *args, **kwargs): c1 = circle(sweep=270)[0] c2 = circle(sweep=180)[0] return c1, c2 b = B() In the above example, I'm just creating 2 circle arcs in PyMEL for Maya, but I fully intend on creating more subclasses that may or may not have a createDrivers method at all! So I want it to be optional and I'm wondering if my approach is—well, if my approach could be improved?

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  • In scala can I pass repeated parameters to other methods?

    - by Fred Haslam
    Here is something I can do in java, take the results of a repeated parameter and pass it to another method: public void foo(String ... args){bar(args);} public void bar(String ... args){System.out.println("count="+args.length);} In scala it would look like this: def foo(args:String*) = bar(args) def bar(args:String*) = println("count="+args.length) But this won't compile, the bar signature expects a series of individual strings, and the args passed in is some non-string structure. For now I'm just passing around arrays. It would be very nice to use starred parameters. Is there some way to do it?

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  • Are programming languages and methods ineffective? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in asemlber form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually trully believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1, Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when adress you desire is further translated before reaching actuall RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Becouse you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect adressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2, Variable allocation duplicitly: When you run aaplication, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actuall instruction for do so, and that actuall number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in fomr of instruction, second in form of actuall bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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  • When should methods be made private?

    - by AaronSzy
    There are lots of times where i'm not sure whether a particular method should be made private or not. For example, i'm building a class right now, which, is responsible for generating a report. This class has a buildReport method and several methods which collect the necessary data for buildReport. // single public method // uses a set of helper methods public buildReport() // helper methods private avgSurveyTime() private fetchVendors() private fetchSendCounts() private ... Im debating whether i should make these helper methods public. The only method i really plan on calling outside at the moment is buildReport. However, it might be useful to get just a list of the vendors with fetchVendors etc. I see two schools of thought on this: You can always expose as little as possible. (In which case, many of my classes would only have one public method) OR you can expose all you can that might be useful to the user of the class. Is there a good rule of thumb to use for deciding when methods should be made public/private?

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  • Online betting system design [closed]

    - by Rafal
    I am a Computer Science student, preparing for my exam in software engineering. I am strugging with answering one of the sample questions to the scenario below. My understanding is that the system design approach should probably be a mixture of agile and plan driven elements but - since I've no practical experience - it's hard for me to decide on the balance and tolls that should be used. I will appreciate any hints from experienced business analysts who were involved in similar kind of projects. Ray Sing is the owner of “Last Betz", a bookmakers with 7 outlets across Louth and Meath. With the advent of smartphones Ray would now like to allow his clients to place their bets online using their mobile devices. Clients would register for an account and password and would log their credit card details via the Last Betz website. To begin using the facility customers must 'load' their accounts with 100 euros. Any winnings, minus commission, will be placed in the account whilst any losses will be automatically deducted from the account. Assuming you have been selected to develop the above system: How would you approach the design of this system? Discuss the design methods and models you would use.

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  • javadoc and overloaded methods

    - by skrebbel
    Hi all, I'm developing an API with many identically named methods that just differ by signature, which I guess is fairly common. They all do the same thing, except that they initialize various values by defaults if the user does not want to specify. As a digestible example, consider public interface Forest { public Tree addTree(); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves, Fruit fruitType); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves, int height); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves, Fruit fruitType, int height); } The essential action performed by all of these methods is the same; a tree is planted in the forest. Many important things users of my API need to know about adding trees hold for all these methods. Ideally, I would like to write one Javadoc block that is used by all methods: /** * Plants a new tree in the forest. Please note that it may take * up to 30 years for the tree to be fully grown. * * @param amountOfLeaves desired amount of leaves. Actual amount of * leaves at maturity may differ by up to 10%. * @param fruitType the desired type of fruit to be grown. No warranties * are given with respect to flavour. * @param height desired hight in centimeters. Actual hight may differ by * up to 15%. */ In my imagination, a tool could magically choose which of the @params apply to each of the methods, and thus generate good docs for all methods at once. With Javadoc, if I understand it correctly, all I can do is essentially copy&paste the same javadoc block five times, with only a slightly differing parameter list for each method. This sounds cumbersome to me, and is also difficult to maintain. Is there any way around that? Some extension to javadoc that has this kind of support? Or is there a good reason why this is not supported that I missed?

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  • Unit test complex classes with many private methods

    - by Simon G
    Hi, I've got a class with one public method and many private methods which are run depending on what parameter are passed to the public method so my code looks something like: public class SomeComplexClass { IRepository _repository; public SomeComplexClass() this(new Repository()) { } public SomeComplexClass(IRepository repository) { _repository = repository; } public List<int> SomeComplexCalcualation(int option) { var list = new List<int>(); if (option == 1) list = CalculateOptionOne(); else if (option == 2) list = CalculateOptionTwo(); else if (option == 3) list = CalculateOptionThree(); else if (option == 4) list = CalculateOptionFour(); else if (option == 5) list = CalculateOptionFive(); return list; } private List<int> CalculateOptionOne() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionTwo() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionThree() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionFour() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionFive() { // Some calculation } } I've thought of a few ways to test this class but all of them seem overly complex or expose the methods more than I would like. The options so far are: Set all the private methods to internal and use [assembly: InternalsVisibleTo()] Separate out all the private methods into a separate class and create an interface. Make all the methods virtual and in my tests create a new class that inherits from this class and override the methods. Are there any other options for testing the above class that would be better that what I've listed? If you would pick one of the ones I've listed can you explain why? Thanks

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  • UIWebView: webViewDidStartLoad/webViewDidFinishLoad delegate methods not called when loading certain URLs

    - by Dia
    I have basic web browser implemented using a UIWebView. I've noticed that for some pages, none of the UIWebViewDelegate methods are called. An example page in which this happens is: http://www.youtube.com/user/google. Here are the steps to reproduce the issue (make sure you insert NSLog calls in your controller's UIWebViewDelegate methods): Load the above youtube URL into the UIWebView [notice that here, the UIWebViewDelegate methods do get called when the page loads] Touch the "Uploads" category on the page Touch any video in that category [issue: notice that a new page is loaded, but none of the UIWebView delegates are called] I know that this is not an issue of UIWebView's delegate not being set properly, since the delegate methods do get invoked when loading other links (e.g. if you try clicking on a link that takes you outside of youtube, you'll notice the delegate methods getting called). My gut feeling initially was that it might be because the page is loaded using AJAX, which may not invoke the delegate method. But then when I checked Safari, it did not exhibit this problem, so it must be something on my side. I've also noticed that Three20's TTWebController has the exact same issue as I'm having. But the problem that arises from this issue is that without the delegate methods called, I'm unable to update the UI to enable/disable the back and forward browsing buttons when new requests are loaded. And idea why this is happening or how can I work around it to update the UI when a new request is made?

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  • What to call factory-like (java) methods used with immutable objects

    - by StaxMan
    When creating classes for "immutable objects" immutable meaning that state of instances can not be changed; all fields assigned in constructor) in Java (and similar languages), it is sometimes useful to still allow creation of modified instances. That is, using an instance as base, and creating a new instance that differs by just one property value; other values coming from the base instance. To give a simple example, one could have class like: public class Circle { final double x, y; // location final double radius; public Circle(double x, double y, double r) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.r = r; } // method for creating a new instance, moved in x-axis by specified amount public Circle withOffset(double deltaX) { return new Circle(x+deltaX, y, radius); } } So: what should method "withOffset" be called? (note: NOT what its name ought to be -- but what is this class of methods called). Technically it is kind of a factory method, but somehow that does not seem quite right to me, since often factories are just given basic properties (and are either static methods, or are not members of the result type but factory type). So I am guessing there should be a better term for such methods. Since these methods can be used to implement "fluent interface", maybe they could be "fluent factory methods"? Better suggestions? EDIT: as suggested by one of answers, java.math.BigDecimal is a good example with its 'add', 'subtract' (etc) methods. Also: I noticed that there's this question (by Jon Skeet no less) that is sort of related (although it asks about specific name for method)

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  • Debugging methods for Windows XP hangups

    - by Cooper
    I experience occasional 'freezes' on my desktop machine (Windows XP SP3). I've tried the normal debugging methods I know (watching Process Explorer, running ProcMon (hard to get a good trace because the hangups are so intermittent). Are there any additional system debugging methods that might be useful in discovering what would cause these hang ups? While this question is more about debugging methods than the actual issue itself (which is probably more of a superuser question), the symptoms of the hangup are: All windows become non-responding. Can be brought the foreground, but do not repaint. Taskbar/explorer windows are non-responsive Ctrl+Alt+Del, Ctrl+Shift+Esc, Win+L, do not do anything (though the actions are queued up, and when the system unhangs, they are performed) Oddly enough, usually I can still scroll through the current page I have open in Google Chrome, but I cannot change tabs. Hangup can happen when I have tons of apps open, but also when I only have Outlook, Chrome, and MS Communicator (plus all the corporate spyware). Usually the hang lasts between 30sec and 3 minutes or so. After which I can continue working as usual.

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  • WCF <operation>Async methods not generated in proxy interface

    - by Charlie
    I want to use the Asnyc methods rather than the Begin on my WCF service client proxy because I'm updating WPF controls and need to make sure they're being updated from the UI thread. I could use the Dispatcher class to queue items for the UI thread but that's not what I'm asking about.. I've configured the service reference to generate the asynchronous operations, but it only generates the methods in proxy's implementation, not it's interface. The interface only contains syncronous and Begin methods. Why aren't these methods generated in the interface and is there a way to do this, or do I have to create a derived interface to manually add them?

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  • Controller Index methods with different signatures

    - by Narsil
    I am trying to get my URLs in files/id format. I am guessing I should have two Index methods in my controller, one with a parameter and one with not. But I get this error message in browser below. Anyway here is my controller methods: public ActionResult Index() { return Content("Index "); } // // GET: /Files/5 public ActionResult Index(int id) { File file = fileRepository.GetFile(id); if (file == null) return Content("Not Found"); return Content(file.FileID.ToString()); } Error: Server Error in '/' Application. The current request for action 'Index' on controller type 'FilesController' is ambiguous between the following action methods: System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult Index() on type FileHosting.Controllers.FilesController System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult Index(Int32) on type FileHosting.Controllers.FilesController Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Reflection.AmbiguousMatchException: The current request for action 'Index' on controller type 'FilesController' is ambiguous between the following action methods: System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult Index() on type FileHosting.Controllers.FilesController System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult Index(Int32) on type FileHosting.Controllers.FilesController Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [AmbiguousMatchException: The current request for action 'Index' on controller type 'FilesController' is ambiguous between the following action methods: System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult Index() on type FileHosting.Controllers.FilesController System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult Index(Int32) on type FileHosting.Controllers.FilesController] System.Web.Mvc.ActionMethodSelector.FindActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, String actionName) +396292 System.Web.Mvc.ReflectedControllerDescriptor.FindAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, String actionName) +62 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.FindAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, ControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, String actionName) +13 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, String actionName) +99 System.Web.Mvc.Controller.ExecuteCore() +105 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerBase.Execute(RequestContext requestContext) +39 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerBase.System.Web.Mvc.IController.Execute(RequestContext requestContext) +7 System.Web.Mvc.<c_DisplayClass8.b_4() +34 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<c_DisplayClass1.b_0() +21 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<c__DisplayClass81.<BeginSynchronous>b__7(IAsyncResult _) +12 System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult1.End() +59 System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +44 System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) +7 System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +8677678 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +155

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  • Capistrano deploying to different servers with different authentication methods

    - by marimaf
    I need to deploy to 2 different server and these 2 servers have different authentication methods (one is my university's server and the other is an amazon web server AWS) I already have running capistrano for my university's server, but I don't know how to add the deployment to AWS since for this one I need to add ssh options for example to user the .pem file, like this: ssh_options[:keys] = [File.join(ENV["HOME"], ".ssh", "test.pem")] ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true I have browsed starckoverflow and no post mention about how to deal with different authentication methods this and this I found a post that talks about 2 different keys, but this one refers to a server and a git, both usings different pem files. This is not the case. I got to this tutorial, but couldn't find what I need. I don't know if this is relevant for what I am asking: I am working on a rails app with ruby 1.9.2p290 and rails 3.0.10 and I am using an svn repository Please any help os welcome. Thanks a lot

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  • Using SoapExtensionAttributes on client side with async web methods

    - by Maxim Polishchuk
    Hey, I have a simple question. I implemented custom soap extension and registered it into client application configuration file. It works fine. (I would like to implement progress bar functionality like http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa480520.aspx) But I don't like some thing - custom soap extension is invoked by every call of my web service. In order to fix this situation (call WS just by required methods) I implemented custom SoapExtensionAttribute like below: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)] public class CustomSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute { public override int Priority { get; set; } public CustomSoapExtensionAttribute() : this (1) { } public CustomSoapExtensionAttribute(int priority) { Priority = priority; } public override Type ExtensionType { get { return typeof(CustomSoapExtension); } } } I added this attribute to required methods of web service proxy classes (and removed registration into client configuration file). My soap extension doesn't invoke when required web methods are calling. Can someone help me to solve this problem or select any other solution? Anotherone, I don't know it is important or not - my required methods are async web methods. Best regards, Maxim

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  • JavaScript private methods

    - by Wayne Kao
    To make a JavaScript class with a public method I'd do something like: function Restaurant() { } Restaurant.prototype.buy_food = function() { // something here } Restaurant.prototype.use_restroom = function() { // something here } That way users of my class can: var restaurant = new Restaurant(); restaurant.buy_food(); restaurant.use_restroom(); How do I create a private method that my public buy_food and use_restroom methods can call but that users of the class can't call externally. In other words, I want my method implementation to be able to do: Restaurant.prototype.use_restroom = function() { this.private_stuff(); } But this shouldn't work: var r = new Restaurant(); r.private_stuff(); How do I define private_stuff as a private method so both of those hold true? I've read Doug Crockford's writeup a few times but it doesn't seem like "private" methods can be called by public methods and "privileged" methods can be called externally.

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  • eclipse add unimplemented methods including javadoc

    - by dcp
    When implementing an interface in eclipse, it has a really nice feature that lets you "add unimplemented methods", and it will generate the method stubs for the interface methods. However, it does not bring along the method documentation from the interface methods, and I was wondering if there was a way to get eclipse to do that.

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  • Understanding Async Methods in Web Service.

    - by Polaris
    Hello. I consume Java Service in my .NET appliaction. I have one question: When service serialize in .NET he also create Async methods. For example for GetPersons() method service create GetPersonsAsync() which is return void. In which cases I can use this Async methods and what the destination of these methods.

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  • How to restrict HTTP Methods

    - by hemalshah
    I want to restrict HTTP methods to those required by the MOSS07 application(s) using IIS6. I am not able to find a solution after googling. Can any one help. Update this is what was written in the document IIS6 should be used to restrict HTTP methods to those required by the MOSS07 application(s). I also searched some books and saw something curious in O'Reilly's Sharepoint 2007 by James Pyles and others. There is no real suppported way to use HTTP POST and HTTP GET because of the web.config settings and the static definition of the WSDL. In the web.config <protocols> <remove name="HttpGet"> <remove name="HttpPost"> <remove name="HttpPostLocalHost"> <add name="Documentation"> </protocols> If we do this in the Web.Config file, would it solve the problem?

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  • Class Methods Inheritence

    - by Roman A. Taycher
    I was told that static methods in java didn't have Inheritance but when I try the following test package test1; public class Main { /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String[] args) { TB.ttt(); TB.ttt2(); } } package test1; public class TA { static public Boolean ttt() { System.out.println("TestInheritenceA"); return true; } static public String test ="ClassA"; } package test1; public class TB extends TA{ static public void ttt2(){ System.out.println(test); } } it printed : TestInheritenceA ClassA so do java static methods (and fields have) inheritance (if you try to call a class method does it go down the inheritance chai looking for class methods). Was this ever not the case,are there any inheritance OO languages that are messed up like that for class methods?

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  • Drawbacks with using Class Methods in Objective C.

    - by RickiG
    Hi I was wondering if there are any memory/performance drawbacks, or just drawbacks in general, with using Class Methods like: + (void)myClassMethod:(NSString *)param { // much to be done... } or + (NSArray*)myClassMethod:(NSString *)param { // much to be done... return [NSArray autorelease]; } It is convenient placing a lot of functionality in Class Methods, especially in an environment where I have to deal with memory management(iPhone), but there is usually a catch when something is convenient? An example could be a thought up Web Service that consisted of a lot of classes with very simple functionality. i.e. TomorrowsXMLResults; TodaysXMLResults; YesterdaysXMLResults; MondaysXMLResults; TuesdaysXMLResults; . . . n I collect a ton of these in my Web Service Class and just instantiate the web service class and let methods on this class call Class Methods on the 'Results' Classes. The classes are simple but they handle large amount of Xml, instantiate lots of objects etc. I guess I am asking if Class Methods lives or are treated different on the stack and in memory than messages to instantiated objects? Or are they just instantiated and pulled down again behind the scenes and thus, just a way of saving a few lines of code?

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