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  • Custom Sorting on Custom Field in Django

    - by RotaJota
    In my app, I have defined a custom field to represent a physical quantity using the quantities package. class AmountField(models.CharField): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): ... def to_python(self, value): create_quantities_value(value) Essentially the way it works is it extends CharField to store the value as a string in the database "12 min" and represents it as a quantities object when using the field in a model array(12) * min Then in a model it is used as such: class MyModel(models.Model): group = models.CharField() amount = AmountField() class Meta: ordering = ['group', 'amount'] My issue is that these fields do not seem to sort by the quantity, but instead by the string. So if I have some objects that contain something like {"group":"A", "amount":"12 min"} {"group":"A", "amount":"20 min"} {"group":"A", "amount":"2 min"} {"group":"B", "amount":"20 min"} {"group":"B", "amount":"1 hr"} they end up sorted something like this: >>> MyModel.objects.all() [{A, 12 min}, {A, 2 min}, {A, 20 min}, {B, 1 hr}, {B, 20 min}] essentially alphabetical order. Can I give my custom AmountField a comparison function so that it will compare by the python value instead of the DB value?

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  • Django: customizing the message after a successful form save

    - by chiurox
    Hello, whenever I save a model in my Admin interface, it displays the usual "successfully saved message." However, I want to know if it's possible to customize this message because I have a situation where I want to warn the user about what he just saved and the implications of these actions. class PlanInlineFormset(forms.models.BaseInlineFormset): def clean(self): ### How can I detect the changes? ### (self.changed_data doesn't work because it's an inline) ### and display what he/she just changed at the top AFTER the successful save? class PlanInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Plan formset = PlanInlineFormset

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  • Django model manager didn't work with related object when I do aggregated query

    - by Satoru.Logic
    Hi, all. I'm having trouble doing an aggregation query on a many-to-many related field. Let's begin with my models: class SortedTagManager(models.Manager): use_for_related_fields = True def get_query_set(self): orig_query_set = super(SortedTagManager, self).get_query_set() # FIXME `used` is wrongly counted return orig_query_set.distinct().annotate( used=models.Count('users')).order_by('-used') class Tag(models.Model): content = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True) creator = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='tags_i_created') users = models.ManyToManyField(User, through='TaggedNote', related_name='tags_i_used') objects_sorted_by_used = SortedTagManager() class TaggedNote(models.Model): """Association table of both (Tag , Note) and (Tag, User)""" note = models.ForeignKey(Note) # Note is what's tagged in my app tag = models.ForeignKey(Tag) tagged_by = models.ForeignKey(User) class Meta: unique_together = (('note', 'tag'),) However, the value of the aggregated field used is only correct when the model is queried directly: for t in Tag.objects.all(): print t.used # this works correctly for t in user.tags_i_used.all(): print t.used #prints n^2 when it should give n Would you please tell me what's wrong with it? Thanks in advance.

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  • django admin app error (Model with property field): global name 'full_name' is not defined

    - by rxin
    This is my model: class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return full_name def _get_full_name(self): "Returns the person's full name." if self.middle_name == '': return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) else: return "%s %s %s" % (self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name) full_name = property(_get_full_name) Everything is fine except when I go into admin interface, I see TemplateSyntaxError at /bibbase2/admin/bibbase2/author/ Caught an exception while rendering: global name 'full_name' is not defined It seems like the built-in admin app doesn't work with a property field. Is there something wrong with my code?

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  • Django many to many annotations and filters

    - by dl8
    So I have two models, Person and Film where they're in a many to many relationship. My goal is to grab a film, and output the persons that have also appeared in at least 10 films. For example I can get the count individually by: >>> Person.objects.get(short__istartswith = "Matt Damon").film_set.count() 71 However, if I try to filter all the actors of a particular film out: >>> Film.objects.get(name__istartswith="Saving Private Ryan").actors.all().annotate(film_count=Count('film')).filter(film_count__gte=10) [] it returns an empty set since if I manually look at everyone's film_count it's 1, even though an actor such as Matt Damon (as seen above) has been in 71 films in my db. As you can see with this query, the annotation doesn't work: >>> Film.objects.get(name__istartswith="Saving Private Ryan").actors.all().annotate(film_count=Count('film'))[0].film_count 1 >>> Film.objects.get(name__istartswith="Saving Private Ryan").actors.all().annotate(film_count=Count('film'))[0].film_set.count() 7 and I can't seem to figure out a way to filter it by the film_set.count()

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  • django generic view update/create: update works but create raises IntegrityError

    - by smarber
    I'm using CreateView and UpdateView directely into urls.py of my application whose name is dydict. In the file forms.py I'm using ModelForm and I'm exluding a couple of fields from being shown, some of which sould be set when either creating or updating. So, as mentioned in the title, update part works but create part doesn't which is obvious because required fields that I have exluded are sent empty which is not allowed in my case. So the question here is, how should I do to fill exluded fields into the file forms.py so that I don't have to override CreateView? Thanks in advance.

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  • Django admin.py missing field error

    - by user782400
    When I include 'caption', I get an error saying EntryAdmin.fieldsets[1][1]['fields']' refers to field 'caption' that is missing from the form In the admin.py; I have imported the classes from joe.models import Entry,Image Is that because my class from models.py is not getting imported properly ? Need help in resolving this issue. Thanks. models.py class Image(models.Model): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='joe') caption = models.CharField(max_length=200) imageSrc = models.URLField(max_length=200) user = models.CharField(max_length=20) class Entry(models.Model): image = models.ForeignKey(Image) mimeType = models.CharField(max_length=20) name = models.CharField(max_length=200) password = models.URLField(max_length=50) admin.py class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = [ ('File info', {'fields': ['name','password']}), ('Upload image', {'fields': ['image','caption']})] list_display = ('name', 'mimeType', 'password') admin.site.register(Entry, EntryAdmin) admin.site.register(Image)

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  • querying for timestamp field in django

    - by Hulk
    In my views i have the date in the following format s_date=20090106 and e_date=20100106 The model is defined as class Activity(models.Model): timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) how to query for the timestamp filed with the above info. Activity.objects.filter(timestamp>=s_date and timestamp<=e_date) Thanks.....

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  • Django - calling full_clean() inside of clean() equivalent?

    - by orokusaki
    For transaction purposes, I need all field validations to run before clean() is done. Is this possible? My thinking is this: @transaction.commit_on_success def clean(self): # Some fun stuff here. self.full_clean() # I know this isn't correct, but it illustrates my point. but obviously that's not correct, because it would be recursive. Is there a way to make sure that everything that full_clean() does is done inside clean()?

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  • Debugging "Premature end of script headers" - WSGI/Django [migrated]

    - by Marcin
    I have recently deployed an app to a shared host (webfaction), and for no apparent reason, my site will not load at all (it worked until today). It is a django app, but the django.log is not even created; the only clue is that in one of the logs, I get the error message: "Premature end of script headers", identifying my wsgi file as the source. I've tried to add logging to my wsgi file, but I can't find any log created for it. Is there any recommended way to debug this error? I am on the point of tearing my hair out. My WSGI file: import os import sys from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIHandler import logging logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings' os.environ['CELERY_LOADER'] = 'django' virtenv = os.path.expanduser("~/webapps/django/oneclickcosvirt/") activate_this = virtenv + "bin/activate_this.py" execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this)) # if 'VIRTUAL_ENV' not in os.environ: # os.environ['VIRTUAL_ENV'] = virtenv sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(virtenv+'oneclickcos/')) logger.debug('About to run WSGIHandler') try: application = WSGIHandler() except (Exception,), e: logger.debug('Exception starting wsgihandler: %s' % e) raise e

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  • Disabling email-style usernames in Django 1.2 with django-registration

    - by shacker
    Django 1.2 allows usernames to take the form of an email address. Changed in Django 1.2: Usernames may now contain @, +, . and - characters I know that's a much-requested feature, but what if you don't want the new behavior? It makes for messy usernames in profile URLs and seems to break django-registration (if a user registers an account with an email-style username, the link in the django-registration activation email returns 404). Does anyone have a recipe for restoring the old behavior and disabling email-style usernames?

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  • Using a custom form in a modelformset factory?

    - by jamida
    I'd like to be able to use a customized form in a modelformset_factory. For example: models.py class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField() address = models.CharField() class AuthorForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Author views.py def test_render(request): myModelFormset = modelformset_factory(Author) items = Author.objects.all() formsetInstance = myModelFormset(queryset = items) return render_to_response('template',locals()) The above code works just fine, but note I'm NOT using AuthorForm. The question is how can I get the modelformset_factory to use the AuthorForm (which I plan to customize later) instead of making a default Author form?

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  • Does Django cache url regex patterns somehow?

    - by Emre Sevinç
    I'm a Django newbie who needs help: Even though I change some urls in my urls.py I keep on getting the same error message from Django. Here is the relevant line from my settings.py: ROOT_URLCONF = 'mydjango.urls' Here is my urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import * # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin: from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Example: # (r'^mydjango/', include('mydjango.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below and add 'django.contrib.admindocs' # to INSTALLED_APPS to enable admin documentation: #(r'^admin/doc/', include(django.contrib.admindocs.urls)), # (r'^polls/', include('mydjango.polls.urls')), (r'^$', 'mydjango.polls.views.homepage'), (r'^polls/$', 'mydjango.polls.views.index'), (r'^polls/(?P<poll_id>\d+)/$', 'mydjango.polls.views.detail'), (r'^polls/(?P<poll_id>\d+)/results/$', 'mydjango.polls.views.results'), (r'^polls/(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', 'mydjango.polls.views.vote'), (r'^polls/randomTest1/', 'mydjango.polls.views.randomTest1'), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), ) So I expect that whenever I visit http://mydjango.yafz.org/polls/randomTest1/ the mydjango.polls.views.randomTest1 function should run because in my polls/views.py I have the relevant function: def randomTest1(request): # mainText = request.POST['mainText'] return HttpResponse("Default random test") However I keep on getting the following error message: Page not found (404) Request Method: GET Request URL: http://mydjango.yafz.org/polls/randomTest1 Using the URLconf defined in mydjango.urls, Django tried these URL patterns, in this order: 1. ^$ 2. ^polls/$ 3. ^polls/(?P<poll_id>\d+)/$ 4. ^polls/(?P<poll_id>\d+)/results/$ 5. ^polls/(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$ 6. ^admin/ 7. ^polls/randomTest/$ The current URL, polls/randomTest1, didn't match any of these. I'm surprised because again and again I check urls.py and there is no ^polls/randomTest/$ in it, but there is ^polls/randomTest1/' It seems like Django is somehow storing the previous contents of urls.py and I just don't know how to make my latest changes effective. Any ideas? Why do I keep on seeing some old version of regexes when I try to load that page even though I changed my urls.py?

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  • force delete row on django app after migration

    - by unsorted
    After a migration with south, I ended up deleting a column. Now the current data in one of my tables is screwed up and I want to delete it, but attempts to delete just result in an error: >>> d = Degree.objects.all() >>> d.delete() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 440, in d elete for i, obj in izip(xrange(CHUNK_SIZE), del_itr): File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 106, in _ result_iter self._fill_cache() File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 760, in _ fill_cache self._result_cache.append(self._iter.next()) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 269, in i terator for row in compiler.results_iter(): File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 67 2, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 72 7, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\util.py", line 15, in e xecute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 200, in execute return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) DatabaseError: no such column: students_degree.abbrev >>> Is there a simple way to just force a delete? Do I drop the table and then rerun manage.py schemamigration to recreate the table in south?

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  • 2-step user registration with Django

    - by David S
    I'm creating a website with Django and want a fairly common 2-step user registration. What I mean by this is that the user fills in the some basic user information + some application specific information (sort of like a coupon value). Upon submit, an email is sent to ensure email address is valid. This email should contain a link to click on to "finish" the registration. When the link is clicked, the user is marked as validated and they are directed to a new page to complete optional "user profile" type information. So, pretty basic stuff. I have done some research and found django-registration by James Bennett. I do know who James is and have seen him at PyCons and DjanoCons in the past. There is obviously very few people in the world that know Django better than James (so, I know the quality of the code/app is good). But, it almost seems like a bit of over kill. I've read through the docs and was a bit confused (maybe I'm just being a bit dense today). I believe that if I do use django-registration, I will need to have some custom forms, etc. Is there anything else out there I should evaluate? Or are there any good tutorials or videos on using django-registration? I've done a bit of googling, but haven't found anything. But, I suspect that it might be a case of a lot of very common words that don't really find what you are looking for (django user registration tutorial/example). Or is just a case where it would be just about as easy to build your own solution with Django forms, etc? Here is the tech stack I'm using: Python 2.7.2 Django 1.3.1 PostgreSQL 9.1 psycopg2 2.4.1 Twitter Bootstrap 2.0.2

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  • error in implementing static files in django

    - by POOJA GUPTA
    my settings.py file:- STATIC_ROOT = '/home/pooja/Desktop/static/' # URL prefix for static files. STATIC_URL = '/static/' # Additional locations of static files STATICFILES_DIRS = ( '/home/pooja/Desktop/mysite/search/static', ) my urls.py file:- from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^search/$','search.views.front_page'), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), ) urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns() I have created an app using django which seraches the keywords in 10 xml documents and then return their frequency count displayed as graphical representation and list of filenames and their respective counts.Now the list has filenames hyperlinked, I want to display them on the django server when user clicks them , for that I have used static files provision in django. Hyperlinking has been done in this manner: <ul> {% for l in list1 %} <li><a href="{{STATIC_URL}}static/{{l.file_name}}">{{l.file_name}}</a{{l.frequency_count</li> {% endfor %} </ul> Now when I run my app on the server, everything is running fine but as soon as I click on the filename, it gives me this error : Using the URLconf defined in mysite.urls, Django tried these URL patterns, in this order: ^search/$ ^admin/ ^static\/(?P<path>.*)$ The current URL, search/static/books.xml, didn't match any of these. I don't know why this error is coming, because I have followed the steps required to achieve this. I have posted my urls.py file and it is showing error in that only. I'm new to django , so Please help

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  • How to make a model instance read-only after saving it once?

    - by Ryszard Szopa
    One of the functionalities in a Django project I am writing is sending a newsletter. I have a model, Newsletter and a function, send_newsletter, which I have registered to listen to Newsletter's post_save signal. When the newsletter object is saved via the admin interface, send_newsletter checks if created is True, and if yes it actually sends the mail. However, it doesn't make much sense to edit a newsletter that has already been sent, for the obvious reasons. Is there a way of making the Newsletter object read-only once it has been saved? Edit: I know I can override the save method of the object to raise an error or do nothin if the object existed. However, I don't see the point of doing that. As for the former, I don't know where to catch that error and how to communicate the user the fact that the object wasn't saved. As for the latter, giving the user false feedback (the admin interface saying that the save succeded) doesn't seem like a Good Thing. What I really want is allow the user to use the Admin interface to write the newsletter and send it, and then browse the newsletters that have already been sent. I would like the admin interface to show the data for sent newsletters in an non-editable input box, without the "Save" button. Alternatively I would like the "Save" button to be inactive.

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  • django internationalization doesn't work

    - by xRobot
    I have: * created translation strings in the template and in the application view. * run this command: django-admin.py makemessages -l it and the file it/LC_MESSAGES/django.po has been created * translated strings in the django.po file. * run this command: django-admin.py compilemessages and I receive: processing file django.po in /home/jobber/Desktop/library/books/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES * set this in settings.py: LANGUAGE_CODE = 'it' TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = ( "django.core.context_processors.auth", "django.core.context_processors.debug", "django.core.context_processors.i18n", "django.core.context_processors.media", ) USE_I18N = True MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', ) but.... translation doesn't work !! I always see english text. Why ?

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  • Using typedefs from a template class in a template (non-member) function

    - by atomicpirate
    The following fails to compile (with gcc 4.2.1 on Linux, anyway): template< typename T > class Foo { public: typedef int FooType; }; void ordinary() { Foo< int >::FooType bar = 0; } template< typename T > void templated() { Foo< T >::FooType bar = T( 0 ); } int main( int argc, char **argv ) { return 0; } The problem is with this line: Foo< T >::FooType bar = 0; ...and the compiler makes this complaint: foo.c: In function ‘void templated()’: foo.c:22: error: expected `;' before ‘bar’ Normally one sees this when a type hasn't been declared, but as far as I can tell, Foo< T ::FooType should be perfectly valid inside templated().

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  • how do I use html block snippets with dynamic content inside a django template that extends another

    - by stackoverflowusername
    Hi. Can someone please help me figure out a way to achieve the following (see snippets below) in Django templates? I know that you cannot use more than one extends, but I am new to django and I do not know the proper syntax for something like this. I want to be able to do this so that I can use my nested div layout for css reasons without having to type it like that each time and risking a typo. In words, I want to be able to have a page template extend my base.html file and then use html snippets of dynamic template content (i.e. template for loops or other template logic devices, not just a context variable I set from my view controller). ------------------------------------------------------------ base.html ------------------------------------------------------------ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> <title>{% block title %}Title{% endblock %}</title> </head> <body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="header"> This is the common header </div> <div class="nav"> This is the common nav </div> {% if messages %} <div class="messages"> <ul> {% for message in messages %} <li{% if message.tags %} class="{{ message.tags }}"{% endif %}>{{ message }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div> {% endif %} <div class="content"> {% block content %}Page Content{% endblock %} </div> <div class="footer"> This is the common footer </div> </div> </body> </html> ------------------------------------------------------------ columnlayout2.html ------------------------------------------------------------ <div class="twocol container2"> <div class="container1"> <div class="col1"> {% block twocol_col1 %}{% endblock %} </div> <div class="col2"> {% block twocol_col2 %}{% endblock %} </div> </div> </div> ------------------------------------------------------------ columnlayout3.html ------------------------------------------------------------ <div class="threecol container3"> <div class="container2"> <div class="container1"> <div class="col1"> {% block threecol_col1 %}{% endblock %} </div> <div class="col2"> {% block threecol_col2 %}{% endblock %} </div> <div class="col3"> {% block threecol_col3 %}{% endblock %} </div> </div> </div> </div> ------------------------------------------------------------ page.html ------------------------------------------------------------ {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} {% extends "columnlayout2.html" %} {% block twocol_col1 %}twocolumn column 1{% endblock %} {% block twocol_col2 %}twocolumn column 2{% endblock %} {% extends "columnlayout3.html" %} {% block threecol_col1 %}threecol column 1{% endblock %} {% block threecol_col2 %}threecol column 2{% endblock %} {% block threecol_col3 %}threecol column 3{% endblock %} {% endblock %} ------------------------------------------------------------ page.html output ------------------------------------------------------------ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="header"> This is the common header </div> <div class="nav"> This is the common nav </div> <div class="content"> <div class="twocol container2"> <div class="container1"> <div class="col1"> twocolumn column 1 </div> <div class="col2"> twocolumn column 2 </div> </div> </div> <div class="threecol container3"> <div class="container2"> <div class="container1"> <div class="col1"> threecol column 1 </div> <div class="col2"> threecol column 2 </div> <div class="col3"> threecol column 3 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> This is the common footer </div> </div> </body> </html>

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  • Metro: Using Templates

    - by Stephen.Walther
    The goal of this blog post is to describe how templates work in the WinJS library. In particular, you learn how to use a template to display both a single item and an array of items. You also learn how to load a template from an external file. Why use Templates? Imagine that you want to display a list of products in a page. The following code is bad: var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productsHTML = ""; for (var i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { productsHTML += "<h1>Product Details</h1>" + "<div>Product Name: " + products[i].name + "</div>" + "<div>Product Price: " + products[i].price + "</div>"; } document.getElementById("productContainer").innerHTML = productsHTML; In the code above, an array of products is displayed by creating a for..next loop which loops through each element in the array. A string which represents a list of products is built through concatenation. The code above is a designer’s nightmare. You cannot modify the appearance of the list of products without modifying the JavaScript code. A much better approach is to use a template like this: <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> A template is simply a fragment of HTML that contains placeholders. Instead of displaying a list of products by concatenating together a string, you can render a template for each product. Creating a Simple Template Let’s start by using a template to render a single product. The following HTML page contains a template and a placeholder for rendering the template: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> <!-- Place where Product Template is Rendered --> <div id="productContainer"></div> </body> </html> In the page above, the template is defined in a DIV element with the id productTemplate. The contents of the productTemplate are not displayed when the page is opened in the browser. The contents of a template are automatically hidden when you convert the productTemplate into a template in your JavaScript code. Notice that the template uses data-win-bind attributes to display the product name and price properties. You can use both data-win-bind and data-win-bindsource attributes within a template. To learn more about these attributes, see my earlier blog post on WinJS data binding: http://stephenwalther.com/blog/archive/2012/02/26/windows-web-applications-declarative-data-binding.aspx The page above also includes a DIV element named productContainer. The rendered template is added to this element. Here’s the code for the default.js script which creates and renders the template: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var product = { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); productTemplate.render(product, document.getElementById("productContainer")); } }; app.start(); })(); In the code above, a single product object is created with the following line of code: var product = { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }; Next, the productTemplate element from the page is converted into an actual WinJS template with the following line of code: var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); The template is rendered to the templateContainer element with the following line of code: productTemplate.render(product, document.getElementById("productContainer")); The result of this work is that the product details are displayed: Notice that you do not need to call WinJS.Binding.processAll(). The Template render() method takes care of the binding for you. Displaying an Array in a Template If you want to display an array of products using a template then you simply need to create a for..next loop and iterate through the array calling the Template render() method for each element. (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); var productContainer = document.getElementById("productContainer"); var i, product; for (i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { product = products[i]; productTemplate.render(product, productContainer); } } }; app.start(); })(); After each product in the array is rendered with the template, the result is appended to the productContainer element. No changes need to be made to the HTML page discussed in the previous section to display an array of products instead of a single product. The same product template can be used in both scenarios. Rendering an HTML TABLE with a Template When using the WinJS library, you create a template by creating an HTML element in your page. One drawback to this approach of creating templates is that your templates are part of your HTML page. In order for your HTML page to validate, the HTML within your templates must also validate. This means, for example, that you cannot enclose a single HTML table row within a template. The following HTML is invalid because you cannot place a TR element directly within the body of an HTML document:   <!-- Product Template --> <tr> <td data-win-bind="innerText:name"></td> <td data-win-bind="innerText:price"></td> </tr> This template won’t validate because, in a valid HTML5 document, a TR element must appear within a THEAD or TBODY element. Instead, you must create the entire TABLE element in the template. The following HTML page illustrates how you can create a template which contains a TR element: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td data-win-bind="innerText:name"></td> <td data-win-bind="innerText:price"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <!-- Place where Product Template is Rendered --> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th><th>Price</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="productContainer"> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>   In the HTML page above, the product template includes TABLE and TBODY elements: <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td data-win-bind="innerText:name"></td> <td data-win-bind="innerText:price"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> We discard these elements when we render the template. The only reason that we include the TABLE and THEAD elements in the template is to make the HTML page validate as valid HTML5 markup. Notice that the productContainer (the target of the template) in the page above is a TBODY element. We want to add the rows rendered by the template to the TBODY element in the page. The productTemplate is rendered in the default.js file: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); var productContainer = document.getElementById("productContainer"); var i, product, row; for (i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { product = products[i]; productTemplate.render(product).then(function (result) { row = WinJS.Utilities.query("tr", result).get(0); productContainer.appendChild(row); }); } } }; app.start(); })(); When the product template is rendered, the TR element is extracted from the rendered template by using the WinJS.Utilities.query() method. Next, only the TR element is added to the productContainer: productTemplate.render(product).then(function (result) { row = WinJS.Utilities.query("tr", result).get(0); productContainer.appendChild(row); }); I discuss the WinJS.Utilities.query() method in depth in a previous blog entry: http://stephenwalther.com/blog/archive/2012/02/23/windows-web-applications-query-selectors.aspx When everything gets rendered, the products are displayed in an HTML table: You can see the actual HTML rendered by looking at the Visual Studio DOM Explorer window:   Loading an External Template Instead of embedding a template in an HTML page, you can place your template in an external HTML file. It makes sense to create a template in an external file when you need to use the same template in multiple pages. For example, you might need to use the same product template in multiple pages in your application. The following HTML page does not contain a template. It only contains a container that will act as a target for the rendered template: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Place where Product Template is Rendered --> <div id="productContainer"></div> </body> </html> The template is contained in a separate file located at the path /templates/productTemplate.html:   Here’s the contents of the productTemplate.html file: <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> Notice that the template file only contains the template and not the standard opening and closing HTML elements. It is an HTML fragment. If you prefer, you can include all of the standard opening and closing HTML elements in your external template – these elements get stripped away automatically: <html> <head><title>product template</title></head> <body> <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> </body> </html> Either approach – using a fragment or using a full HTML document  — works fine. Finally, the following default.js file loads the external template, renders the template for each product, and appends the result to the product container: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(null, { href: "/templates/productTemplate.html" }); var productContainer = document.getElementById("productContainer"); var i, product, row; for (i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { product = products[i]; productTemplate.render(product, productContainer); } } }; app.start(); })(); The path to the external template is passed to the constructor for the Template class as one of the options: var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(null, {href:"/templates/productTemplate.html"}); When a template is contained in a page then you use the first parameter of the WinJS.Binding.Template constructor to represent the template – instead of null, you pass the element which contains the template. When a template is located in an external file, you pass the href for the file as part of the second parameter for the WinJS.Binding.Template constructor. Summary The goal of this blog entry was to describe how you can use WinJS templates to render either a single item or an array of items to a page. We also explored two advanced topics. You learned how to render an HTML table by extracting the TR element from a template. You also learned how to place a template in an external file.

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  • Programmatically specifying Django model attributes

    - by mojbro
    Hi! I would like to add attributes to a Django models programmatically, at run time. For instance, lets say I have a Car model class and want to add one price attribute (database column) per currency, given a list of currencies. What is the best way to do this? I had an approach that I thought would work, but it didn't exactly. This is how I tried doing it, using the car example above: from django.db import models class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) currencies = ['EUR', 'USD'] for currency in currencies: Car.add_to_class('price_%s' % currency.lower(), models.IntegerField()) This does seem to work pretty well at first sight: $ ./manage.py syncdb Creating table shop_car $ ./manage.py dbshell shop=# \d shop_car Table "public.shop_car" Column | Type | Modifiers -----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------- id | integer | not null default nextval('shop_car_id_seq'::regclass) name | character varying(50) | not null price_eur | integer | not null price_usd | integer | not null Indexes: "shop_car_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) But when I try to create a new Car, it doesn't really work anymore: >>> from shop.models import Car >>> mycar = Car(name='VW Jetta', price_eur=100, price_usd=130) >>> mycar <Car: Car object> >>> mycar.save() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 410, in save self.save_base(force_insert=force_insert, force_update=force_update) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 495, in save_base result = manager._insert(values, return_id=update_pk) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 177, in _insert return insert_query(self.model, values, **kwargs) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1087, in insert_query return query.execute_sql(return_id) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/subqueries.py", line 320, in execute_sql cursor = super(InsertQuery, self).execute_sql(None) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 2369, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 19, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) ProgrammingError: column "price_eur" specified more than once LINE 1: ...NTO "shop_car" ("name", "price_eur", "price_usd", "price_eur... ^

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