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  • Primary reasons why programming language runtimes use stacks?

    - by manuel aldana
    Many programming language runtime environments use stacks as their primary storage structure (e.g. see JVM bytecode to runtime example). Quickly recalling I see following advantages: Simple structure (pop/push), trivial to implement Most processors are anyway optimized for stack operations, so it is very fast Less problems with memory fragmentation, it is always about moving memory-pointer up and down for allocation and freeing complete blocks of memory by resetting the pointer to the last entry offset. Is the list complete or did I miss something? Are there programming language runtime environments which are not using stacks for storage at all?

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  • How to create a language these days?

    - by Mike
    I need to get around to writing that programming language I've been meaning to write. How do you kids do it these days? I've been out of the loop for over a decade; are you doing it any differently now than we did back in the pre-internet, pre-windows days? You know, back when "real" coders coded in C, used the command line, and quibbled over which shell was superior? Just to clarify, I mean, not how do you DESIGN a language (that I can figure out fairly easily) but how do you build the compiler and standard libraries and so forth? What tools do you kids use these days?

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  • Do you use another language instead of english ?

    - by Luc M
    Duplicate Should identifiers and comments be always in English or in the native language of the application and developers? For people who are not native English speakers, which language do you use to declare variables, classes, etc. ? I had to continue a project from a Spanish guy. Everything was written in Spanish. Since this time, I have decided to use English identifiers ( variables, classes, file names) and write comments in french. Everything was in french before that. What are the general recommendations about that practice? Do you use English everywhere knowing that no English people will work on your project ? Edit : Here's a post from Jeff Atwood about this subject: The Ugly American Programmer

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  • making a programming language

    - by None
    I was wondering which way would create a faster programming language, because I have tried both. Writing code that takes the text, splits it by whitespace or newlines or something, then processes each line and has a dictionary for variables. Or writing code that takes text and converts it to another programming language. This is an example of how a very simple version of the first way would be programmed in python: def run(code): text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": print "hi" second: def run(code): rcode = "" text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": rcode += "print 'hi'"

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  • Learning language is enough to create average applications ?

    - by Freshblood
    Many books teach a programming language. However, knowing a specific language is not the same as knowning application or GUI design nor project layout. So, attempting to make an average application fails after learning a language. It is clear that knowing a language is not enough to make an application. If you agree with what I have said, why doesn't anyone mention this instead of teaching pure language syntax and features? Why books don't mention how to make a better application ?

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  • Strange display language in gnome shell

    - by khalafuf
    I logged in gnome-shell, and found that the display language is set to some strange asian language (I think) without my prompt. I tried to change the locale settings but found that the default language is English (how?) despite of that strange language. Here's a snapshot, See the strange word instead of "Activity": I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. Output of locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=zh_CN:en_US:en LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ALL= Output of locale -a: C C.UTF-8 de_CH.utf8 en_AG en_AG.utf8 en_AU.utf8 en_BW.utf8 en_CA.utf8 en_DK.utf8 en_GB.utf8 en_IE.utf8 en_IN en_IN.utf8 en_NG en_NG.utf8 en_NZ.utf8 en_PH.utf8 en_SG.utf8 en_US.utf8 en_ZA.utf8 en_ZM en_ZM.utf8 en_ZW.utf8 POSIX zh_CN.utf8 zh_SG.utf8 Solved: This answer did it.

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  • how to really master a programming language

    - by cprogcr
    I know that learning a language, you can simply buy a book, follow the examples, and whenever possible try the exercises. But what I'm really looking is how to master the language once you've learned it. Now I know that experience is one major factor, but what about learning the internals of the language, what is the underlying structure, etc. There are articles out there saying read this book, read that book, make this game and that game. But to me this doesn't mean to master a language. I want to be able to read other people's code and understand it, no matter how hard that is. To understand when to use a function and when another, etc etc. The list could go on and on but I believe I've made the point. :) And finally, take whatever language as an example if needed, though best would be if C was taken as an example.

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  • Easy Server-Side Language

    - by Nizar
    Most of programming languages (Server-side languages for web development) needs a learning curve and requires some time to learn. However, I'm sure there is a difference between them. So, for example you can master the 'X' language in less time than the 'Y' language. I'm a beginner in web development, meaning that I just know HTML and CSS and now want to choose the right tool for building dynamic sites. What I'm looking for is a language that is easy to master in less time than other languages. So, is there a language that can suit my needs? If so, please let me know about what should I learn in it? (for example, which frameworks?, libraries?, IDEs?, databases?, etc). In the end, I don't want to regret my choice of the language and want to learn solid basics in it and in programming in general.

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  • How can I really master a programming language?

    - by cprogcr
    I know that learning a language, you can simply buy a book, follow the examples, and whenever possible try the exercises. But what I'm really looking is how to master the language once you've learned it. Now I know that experience is one major factor, but what about learning the internals of the language, what is the underlying structure, etc. There are articles out there saying read this book, read that book, make this game and that game. But to me this doesn't mean to master a language. I want to be able to read other people's code and understand it, no matter how hard that is. To understand when to use a function and when another, etc etc. The list could go on and on but I believe I've made the point. :) And finally, take whatever language as an example if needed, though best would be if C was taken as an example.

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  • Kohana multi language website

    - by Sobek
    .I'm trying to set up a multi language website with kohana v3, following this tutorial: http://kerkness.ca/wiki/doku.php?id=example_of_a_multi-language_website Routing to a controller or action within i.e. website/controller/action seems to work as the url is properly redirected to website/lang/controller/action. However this is not working for ajax request calls. I have to manually edit the url with the appropriate language, to successfully retrieve the data. This also applies for anchors on the html page. In addition to this problem, the overflow parameter 'id' also doesn't work. It takes the 'lang' variable as its parameter. I have setup my default route just like in the tutorial i.e.: Route::set('default', '((<lang>)(/)(<controller>)(/<action>(/<id>)))', array('lang' => "({$langs_abr})",'id'=>'.+')) ->defaults(array('lang' => $default_lang,'controller' => welcome', 'action' => 'index')); Any help is much appreciated ! Cheers

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  • Getting Recognition for Open-Source Computer Language Projects

    - by Jon Purdy
    I like language a lot, so I write a lot of language-based solutions for programming, automation, and data definition. I'm very much a believer in open-source software, so lately I've started to push these projects to Sourceforge when I start them. I feel that these tools could be quite valuable in the right hands, and that they fill niches that otherwise go unfilled. The trouble, for me, is gaining recognition. No matter how useful the software I write, after a certain point I can no longer come up with anything to add or improve. Basically no one but me uses it, so it's not being attacked from enough angles to discover any new weaknesses. I cannot work on a project that doesn't have anything to do, but I won't have anything to do unless I gain recognition by working on it! This is greatly discouraging. It's like giving what you think is a really thoughtful gift to someone who just isn't paying attention. So I'm looking for advice on how to network and disseminate information about my projects so that they don't fizzle out like this. Are there any sites, newsgroups, or mailing lists that I've been completely missing?

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  • Cross-Platform Language + GUI Toolkit for Prototyping Multimedia Applications

    - by msutherl
    I'm looking for a language + GUI toolkit for rapidly prototyping utility applications for multimedia installations. I've been working with Max/MSP/Jitter for many years, but I'd like to add a text-based language to my 'arsenal' for tasks apart from 'content production'. (When it comes to actual media synthesis, my choices are clear [SuperCollider + MSP for audio, Jitter + Quartz + openFrameworks for video]). I'm looking for something that maintains some of the advantages of Max, but is lower-level, faster, more cross-platfrom (Linux support), and text-based. Integration with powerful sound/video libraries is not a requirement. Some requirements: Cross-platform (at least OSX and Linux, Windows is a plus) Fast and easy cross-platform GUIs with no platform-specific modification GUI code separated from backend code as much as possible Good for interfacing with external serial devices (micro-controllers) Good network support (UDP/TCP) Good libraries for multi-media (video, sound, OSC) are a plus Asynchronous synchronous UNIX integration is a plus The options that come to mind: AS3/Flex (not a fan of AS3 or the idea of running in the Flash Player) openFrameworks (C++ framework, perhaps a bit too low level [looking for fast development time] and biased toward video work) Java w/ Processing libraries (like openFrameworks, just slower) Python + Qt (is Qt appropriate for rapid prototyping?) Python + Another GUI toolkit SuperCollider + Swing (yucky GUI development) Java w/ SWT Any other options? What do you recommend?

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  • Languages and VMs: Features that are hard to optimize and why

    - by mrjoltcola
    I'm doing a survey of features in preparation for a research project. Name a mainstream language or language feature that is hard to optimize, and why the feature is or isn't worth the price paid, or instead, just debunk my theories below with anecdotal evidence. Before anyone flags this as subjective, I am asking for specific examples of languages or features, and ideas for optimization of these features, or important features that I haven't considered. Also, any references to implementations that prove my theories right or wrong. Top on my list of hard to optimize features and my theories (some of my theories are untested and are based on thought experiments): 1) Runtime method overloading (aka multi-method dispatch or signature based dispatch). Is it hard to optimize when combined with features that allow runtime recompilation or method addition. Or is it just hard, anyway? Call site caching is a common optimization for many runtime systems, but multi-methods add additional complexity as well as making it less practical to inline methods. 2) Type morphing / variants (aka value based typing as opposed to variable based) Traditional optimizations simply cannot be applied when you don't know if the type of someting can change in a basic block. Combined with multi-methods, inlining must be done carefully if at all, and probably only for a given threshold of size of the callee. ie. it is easy to consider inlining simple property fetches (getters / setters) but inlining complex methods may result in code bloat. The other issue is I cannot just assign a variant to a register and JIT it to the native instructions because I have to carry around the type info, or every variable needs 2 registers instead of 1. On IA-32 this is inconvenient, even if improved with x64's extra registers. This is probably my favorite feature of dynamic languages, as it simplifies so many things from the programmer's perspective. 3) First class continuations - There are multiple ways to implement them, and I have done so in both of the most common approaches, one being stack copying and the other as implementing the runtime to use continuation passing style, cactus stacks, copy-on-write stack frames, and garbage collection. First class continuations have resource management issues, ie. we must save everything, in case the continuation is resumed, and I'm not aware if any languages support leaving a continuation with "intent" (ie. "I am not coming back here, so you may discard this copy of the world"). Having programmed in the threading model and the contination model, I know both can accomplish the same thing, but continuations' elegance imposes considerable complexity on the runtime and also may affect cache efficienty (locality of stack changes more with use of continuations and co-routines). The other issue is they just don't map to hardware. Optimizing continuations is optimizing for the less-common case, and as we know, the common case should be fast, and the less-common cases should be correct. 4) Pointer arithmetic and ability to mask pointers (storing in integers, etc.) Had to throw this in, but I could actually live without this quite easily. My feelings are that many of the high-level features, particularly in dynamic languages just don't map to hardware. Microprocessor implementations have billions of dollars of research behind the optimizations on the chip, yet the choice of language feature(s) may marginalize many of these features (features like caching, aliasing top of stack to register, instruction parallelism, return address buffers, loop buffers and branch prediction). Macro-applications of micro-features don't necessarily pan out like some developers like to think, and implementing many languages in a VM ends up mapping native ops into function calls (ie. the more dynamic a language is the more we must lookup/cache at runtime, nothing can be assumed, so our instruction mix is made up of a higher percentage of non-local branching than traditional, statically compiled code) and the only thing we can really JIT well is expression evaluation of non-dynamic types and operations on constant or immediate types. It is my gut feeling that bytecode virtual machines and JIT cores are perhaps not always justified for certain languages because of this. I welcome your answers.

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  • What programming language is this?

    - by Richard M.
    I recently stumbled over a very odd source listing on a rather old programming-related site (lost it somewhere in my browser history as I didn't care about it at first). I think that this is part of a simple (console-based?) snake game. I searched and searched but didn't find a language that looked somwhat like this. This seems like a mix of Python, Ruby and C++. What the hell? What programming-language is the below source listing written in? Maybe you can figure it out? my Snake.hasProps { length parts xDir yDir } & hasMethods { init: length = 0 parts[0].x,y = 5 move: parts[ 0 ].x,y.!add xDir | yDir # Move the head map parts(i,v): parts[ i ] = parts[ i + 1 ] checkBiteSelf checkFeed checkBiteSelf: part } my SnakePart.hasProps { x y } fork SnakePart to !Feed my Game.hasProps { frameTime = 30 } & hasMethods { init: mainloop mainloop: sys.util.sleep frameTime Snake.move Field.getInput -> Snake.xDir | Snake.yDir Field.reDraw with Snake & Feed & Game # For FPS } main.isMethod { game.init }

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  • OPN Oracle ECM 10g R3 Implementation Boot Camp - (12-14/Abr/10)

    - by Claudia Costa
    É com entusiasmo que lhe anunciamos o bootcamp de Oracle ECM 10g R3 Implementation que irá realizar nos dias 12-14 de Abril  que abordará os tópicos abaixo descritos. Com o objectivo de ajudar os parceiros a desenvolver competências, a Oracle University e a Oracle Alliances&Channel, desenharam este bootcamp, compactando os conteúdos e reduzindo assim os custos. Preço por participante (3 dias) - 1.250 Eur + Iva  Oracle offers the most unified, usable enterprise content management platform in today's market. With centralized control across single or multiple repositories, common core functionality, and easily scalable content management capabilities, Oracle provides content management solutions for many content types and users-wherever they work in the enterprise.   The Oracle Enterprise Content Management (ECM) Implementation Boot Camp examines the fundamental concepts, techniques, and architecture of Oracle's ECM technologies. Join this training to learn how you can manage and maintain unstructured content   Target Audience:  The Oracle ECM Implementation Boot Camp is designed for architects, technical consultants, team/project leaders and functional consultants of our system integrator partners who want to ramp-up on ECM technology.   Contents:  The ECM Implementation Boot Camp is a three-day hands-on workshop, designed for Oracle Partners who are new to ECM, and will provide implementation instruction on the ECM technology offered by Oracle. The boot camp will: • Provide hands-on experience in implementing Oracle's truly unified, open and standard base ECM technology • Provide the strategic direction about Oracle's Fusion Middleware/Enterprise 2.0 and its role in composite application development • Expose broad set of Oracle's ECM technologies.   Objectives: The Oracle ECM Implementation Boot Camp is primarily focused on the Oracle's ECM offering to manage and maintain unstructured content and covers Universal Content Management (UCM), Image and Process Management (IPM), Universal Records Management (URM), and Information Rights Management (IRM):   Topics Covered • Introduction to Oracle UCM o UCM Overview o UCM Architecture Overview • Content Server and Document Management basics o Installation and Administration Skills § User and Security Admin § Configuration (metadata, DCLs, profiles, rules, etc.) § Workflow Admin § System Properties and Component Manager § Managing Subscriptions o Contributing Content § Browser form § WebDAV folder § Desktop Integration o Searching • Web Content Management o Site Studio • Universal Records Management • Information Right Management (IRM) • Image & Process Management (IPM) • Oracle Document Capture • Oracle eMail Archive Service. Labs • Content Server Installation • Use and Administration of Content Server • Introduction to Site Studio • Use and Administration of Records Manager Demo: The R&D Group and the New Patent Focus: Information Rights Management, Knowledge Management, Accounts Payable Image Automation, Imaging and Process Management Case Study Use Case 1: Enable City of Xalco to streamline internal processes by empowering city employees to quickly and efficiently manage and publish information on their employee intranet and eventually public Web site. Use Case 2: Help Acme & Co in archiving its goal is to become "paperless" by managing all of their company's business content in a central, Web-based repository. Acme's business content ranges from policies and procedures to Employee listings and marketing materials.   Agenda: Day 1 ·         ECM Overview & Content Server ·         ECM Overview ·         ECM Architecture and Installation ·         UCM and Digital Asset Management DEMO ·         Lab 1 - Content Server Installation ·         Lab 2 - Use and Administration of Content Server   Day 2 ·         Web Content Management ·         Lab 2 - Use and Administration of Content ·         Server (continued) ·         Introduction to Web Content Management ·         Lab 3 - Site Studio   Day 3 ·         URM/IRM/IPM ·         Introduction to Universal Records Management ·         Lab 4 - URM ·         Introduction to Information Rights Management ·         Information Rights Management DEMO ·         Introduction to Image and Process Management ·         Image and Process Management Demo ·         Oracle Document Capture ·         Oracle eMail Archive   Material needed for Bootcamp: This Boot camp requires attendees to provide their own laptops for this class. Attendee laptops must meet the following minimum hardware/software requirements: Hardware • RAM: 2GB RM minimum (1 GB RAM is not enough) • HDD: 15 GB free HDD space   Pre requistes: To ensure a valuable learning experience, participation in this boot camp requires completing the prerequisite courses and successfully passing the prerequisite assessment test that is mapped into the Oracle Enterprise Content Management Implementation Boot Camp guided learning path. At a minimum, participants with equivalent skills and background should review the guided learning path and successfully pass the prerequisite assessment test to ensure they possess the background necessary to benefit from participation in the boot Camp.   ---------------------------------------------------------------------   Para mais informações/inscrições, contacte: Mónica Pires  21 423 51 44 Horário e Local 9:30h - 12:30h e 14:00h - 17:00 ( 6 horas/dia )Oracle, Porto Salvo - Oeiras.

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  • How do you make Google's interface always be in your chosen language?

    - by Michael Wolf
    Google's interface and search results don't always appear in my preferred language, English. I'm located in Mexico City and, although I generally have no problem with Spanish, I would prefer search results in English most of the time. (The exception is when I'm using search terms in Spanish.) I'd also prefer the interface to be in English, but that's far less important to me than search results. Google looks at your IP to decide where you're coming from and thus what language to present results in. So, when I type www.google.com into the URL bar, it redirects me to www.google.com.mx. Is there a way to force Google to use one language all the time? Here are some things I've done and tried: 0) I have a Google account, and I've configured it such that it should know that English is my preferred language. I don't often explicitly log out of Google, so generally Google knows I'm me and my preferences when I access its services. 1) I've configured my browser to ask for pages in English. Very few sites support this feature at all; Google isn't one of them. 2) From www.google.com.mx, I can click on "Google.com in English". This works until, I think, I close the browser. 2a) From www.google.com.mx, I can go into account configuration, which is English. From then on, everything's in English. 3) I can append &hl=en (Human Language = English) to the end of the URLs of result pages. 2, 2a, and 3 all "work", but they're all mildly annoying. I'd rather avoid them if I could. (At the risk of stating the obvious, English and Spanish are the languages I'm dealing with, but I imagine that, say, a francophone using Google from Korea would run into basically the same issue.)

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  • Multilingual website without language component in the URL

    - by user359650
    I'm working on a website for Canada which will have French and English versions. For SEO purposes, I would like to avoid using any language tag in URLs because I believe it will have more impact (e.g. example.ca/products better than en.example.ca/products or example.ca/en/products). I believe this is technically possible because the2 languages are sufficiently different that the URLs won't be conflicting with one another (e.g. if you want a "product" page, it will be /products in English, and /produits in French so you know which language the URL is about). Since Google (and most likely others) doesn't rely on the URL (nor HTML tags) to determine the content language I don't see any problems with search engines. To make this possible I've thought about using a cookie distinct from the session cookie (e.g. example.org_language) with long term expiry (e.g. N years) that will memorize the language chosen by the user. That way when people visit the website with a new browser session, they get served the proper language. I have already given up on users being able to switch one page from English to French: when people will chose English or French from the menu they will be redirected to the corresponding version of the home page. Do you foresee any problems with not using a language component in the URL (whether domain or path)? (as long as one makes sure URLS don't conflict).

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  • What is the R Language?

    - by TATWORTH
    I encountered the R Language recently with O'Reilly books and while from the context I knew it was a language for dealing with statistics, doing a web search for the support web site was futile. However I have now located the web site and it is at http://www.r-project.org/R is a free language available for a number of platforms including windows. CRAN mirrors are available at a number of locations worldwide.Here is the official description:"R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. It is a GNU project which is similar to the S language and environment which was developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T, now Lucent Technologies) by John Chambers and colleagues. R can be considered as a different implementation of S. There are some important differences, but much code written for S runs unaltered under R. R provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, ...) and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible. The S language is often the vehicle of choice for research in statistical methodology, and R provides an Open Source route to participation in that activity. One of R's strengths is the ease with which well-designed publication-quality plots can be produced, including mathematical symbols and formulae where needed. Great care has been taken over the defaults for the minor design choices in graphics, but the user retains full control. R is available as Free Software under the terms of the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License in source code form. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms and similar systems (including FreeBSD and Linux), Windows and MacOS."

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  • String chunking algorithm with natural language context

    - by Chris Ballance
    I have a arbitrarily large string of text from the user that needs to be split into 10k chunks (potentially adjustable value) and sent off to another system for processing. Chunks cannot be longer than 10k (or other arbitrary value) Text should be broken with natural language context in mind split on punctuation when possible split on spaces if no punction exists break a word as a last resort I'm trying not to re-invent the wheel with this, any suggestions before I roll this from scratch? Using C#.

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