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• Ubuntu 12.04 updates fail recently - Please help

  - by user74152

  I upgraded Ubuntu 11.10 to 12.04 LTS immediately after its release (april 2012). Since then updates (new kernels and others) succeeded regularly, but recently, suddenly, updates fail consistently. What causes the problem and how can it be solved? Terminal information after the last update attempt: ariel@ariel-MS-7592:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 3 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic (3.2.0-26.41) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 11: /etc/default/grub: splash”: not found run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.26.28); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfiguredNo apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Why does cron.hourly not care about the existence of anacron?

  - by Oliver Salzburg

  This question came up over in Root Access. Why does the default /etc/crontab not check for existence (and executable flag) of /usr/sbin/anacron for the hourly entry? My /etc/crontab: # m h dom mon dow user command 17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly 25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) 47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly ) 52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly ) What makes hourly different from the others?

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• Downloading attachments to directory with IMAP in PHP, randomly works

  - by Nick

  I found PHP code online to download attachments to a directory using IMAP from here. http://www.nerdydork.com/download-pop3imap-email-attachments-with-php.html I modified it slightly changing $structure = imap_fetchstructure($mbox, $jk); $parts = ($structure->parts); to $structure = imap_fetchstructure($mbox, $jk); $parts = ($structure); to get it to run properly, as otherwise I got an error about how stdClass doesn't define a property called $parts. Doing that, I was able to download all the attachments. I tested it again recently though, and it didn't work. Well, it didn't work 6 times, worked the 7th, and then hasn't worked since. I'm thinking it has something to do with me screwing up the parts handling, since count($parts) keeps returning 1 for each message, so it's not finding any attachments I think. Since it downloaded the attachments at one point with no issues, I feel confident that the area things are getting screwed up is right here. Before this block of code is a for loop that goes through each message in the box, and after it is loop that just goes through $parts for each imap structure. Thanks for any help you can provide. I looked at the imap_fetchstructure page on php.net and can't figure out what I'm doing wrong. Edit: I just double-checked the folder after typing up my question and it all popped up. I feel like I'm going nuts. I hadn't run the code since a few minutes before I started typing this, and it doesn't make sense to me that it would take this long to trigger. I have some 800 messages in the mailbox, but I figured since it printed my statement at the very end of the PHP that all of the file creation work was done.

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• SQL UNION ALL with a INNER JOIN

  - by kOhm

  I'm looking for the best way to display all rows from two tables while joining first by one field (dwg) then where applicable a 2nd join on part. Table1 data consists of schematics(dwg) along with a list of parts required to build the item depicted in the drawing. Table2 consists of data about the actual parts ordered to build the schematic. Some parts in table2 are a combination of parts in table1 (ex: foo and bar in table1 were ordered as foobar in table2). I can display all rows in both tables with UNION ALL, but this doesn't join on both the dwg and part fields. I looked at FULL OUTER JOIN also, but I haven't figured out how to join first by dwg, then by part. Here is an example of the data. table1 table2 dwg part qty order dwg part qty ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 123 foo 1 ord1 123 foobar 1 123 bar 1 ord1 123 bracket 2 123 widget 2 ord2 123 screw 4 123 bracket 4 ord2 123 nut 4 456 foo 1 ord2 123 widget 2 ord2 123 bracket 2 ord3 456 foo 1 Desired output: The goal is to create a view that provides visibility to all parts in table1 and the associated orders in table2 (including those parts that appear in one but not the other table) so that I can see all the drawing parts in table1 and the associated records in table2 along with records in table2 where the part wasn't in table1. part_request_order_report dwg part qty order part qty ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- 123 foo 1 123 bar 1 123 widget 2 ord2 widget 2 123 bracket 4 ord1 bracket 2 123 bracket 4 ord2 bracket 2 123 ord1 foobar 1 123 ord1 screw 4 123 ord1 nut 4 456 foo 1 ord3 foo 1 Is this possible? Or am I better off iterating through the data to build the report table? Thanks in advance.

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• /etc/crontab or any user crontab is not being executed

  - by ian

  My server is CentOS 5. When I edit /etc/crontab or edit any user(including root) crontab via "crontab -e" command, it just adds "(system) RELOAD (/etc/crontab)" or "(admin) RELOAD (cron/admin)" in the log. No CMD in the /var/log/cron. Sample entry in /var/log/cron: Aug 10 10:21:33 localhost crontab[31688]: (root) BEGIN EDIT (root) Aug 10 10:21:42 localhost crontab[31688]: (root) REPLACE (root) Aug 10 10:21:42 localhost crontab[31688]: (root) END EDIT (root) Aug 10 10:22:01 localhost crond[2688]: (root) RELOAD (cron/root) Result of "service crond status": crond (pid 1345) is running... The command "cat /var/log/messages | grep cron" does not give anything. Contents of /etc/cron.allow: admin root Contents of /etc/crontab: SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin MAILTO=root HOME=/ # run-parts 01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly 02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily 22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly 42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly * * * * * root run-parts /bin/date >> /data/date.txt Result of ps aux |grep cron: root 1345 0.0 0.1 5268 1204 ? Ss 11:43 0:00 crond Contents of admin's crontab: * * * * * /bin/date >> /data/date.txt Note that it's not only admin's crontab that's not running. All cron jobs are not running. Any ideas why they aren't running?

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• Building a computer for the first time from scratch - will this really work?

  - by Nike

  Hey there. I'm building my own computer, and i just finished picking out all of my parts. Now i just want to be sure it'll all work before i order it. I'm mean specifically if the RAM & Graphic card will fit on the motherboard i chose. Below is a list of all parts. I'm sorry, i selected the parts from a Swedish website so it might be hard to understand some parts. Google Translate will help ;) I really appreciate any help/suggestions. Thanks in advance! :) Oh, and here's the parts i mentioned: EDIT: As i'm not allowed to post more than one link here, i'll just link to my homepage: http://nike1.se/c/ I know i didn't choose the most expensive parts, but this won't be my primary computer. I'm only going to use this one for testing purpose, if that makes any sense. I'm sorry for my english, i'm just so tired now. Haha! Once again, thanks in advance! :)

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• How to pass array element one by one in text box in php

  - by trainee

  i am Reading the file contents and passed it in explod function("=",$string) ,it gives me two array parts[0].parts[1] seprated by = .parts[1] array displays all the values of the variable .now how can i use these values one by one to pass in the text box .The variable value comes in this way (value1 value2 value3 value4...) my code also throws the undefined offset :1 notice when i prints the parts[1]arrray

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• Loading datasets from datastore and merge into single dictionary. Resource problem.

  - by fredrik

  Hi, I have a productdatabase that contains products, parts and labels for each part based on langcodes. The problem I'm having and haven't got around is a huge amount of resource used to get the different datasets and merging them into a dict to suit my needs. The products in the database are based on a number of parts that is of a certain type (ie. color, size). And each part has a label for each language. I created 4 different models for this. Products, ProductParts, ProductPartTypes and ProductPartLabels. I've narrowed it down to about 10 lines of code that seams to generate the problem. As of currently I have 3 Products, 3 Types, 3 parts for each type, and 2 languages. And the request takes a wooping 5500ms to generate. for product in productData: productDict = {} typeDict = {} productDict['productName'] = product.name cache_key = 'productparts_%s' % (slugify(product.key())) partData = memcache.get(cache_key) if not partData: for type in typeData: typeDict[type.typeId] = { 'default' : '', 'optional' : [] } ## Start of problem lines ## for defaultPart in product.defaultPartsData: for label in labelsForLangCode: if label.key() in defaultPart.partLabelList: typeDict[defaultPart.type.typeId]['default'] = label.partLangLabel for optionalPart in product.optionalPartsData: for label in labelsForLangCode: if label.key() in optionalPart.partLabelList: typeDict[optionalPart.type.typeId]['optional'].append(label.partLangLabel) ## end problem lines ## memcache.add(cache_key, typeDict, 500) partData = memcache.get(cache_key) productDict['parts'] = partData productList.append(productDict) I guess the problem lies in the number of for loops is too many and have to iterate over the same data over and over again. labelForLangCode get all labels from ProductPartLabels that match the current langCode. All parts for a product is stored in a db.ListProperty(db.key). The same goes for all labels for a part. The reason I need the some what complex dict is that I want to display all data for a product with it's default parts and show a selector for the optional one. The defaultPartsData and optionaPartsData are properties in the Product Model that looks like this: @property def defaultPartsData(self): return ProductParts.gql('WHERE __key__ IN :key', key = self.defaultParts) @property def optionalPartsData(self): return ProductParts.gql('WHERE __key__ IN :key', key = self.optionalParts) When the completed dict is in the memcache it works smoothly, but isn't the memcache reset if the application goes in to hibernation? Also I would like to show the page for first time user(memcache empty) with out the enormous delay. Also as I said above, this is only a small amount of parts/product. What will the result be when it's 30 products with 100 parts. Is one solution to create a scheduled task to cache it in the memcache every hour? It this efficient? I know this is alot to take in, but I'm stuck. I've been at this for about 12 hours straight. And can't figure out a solution. ..fredrik

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• sql query without subquery

  - by user1285737

  I need to rewrite this query and I'm not allowed to use a subquery. I need to select the name and color of the parts that are heavier than the wheel. SELECT name, color FROM parts WHERE weight > (SELECT weight FROM parts WHERE name="wheel"); This is the table: PARTS ID NAME COLOR WEIGHT 1 wheel black 100 2 tire black 50 3 gear red 20 Thanks in advance

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• Sparse Array in C! How accomplish it? Can I alloc only parts of an array?

  - by drigoSkalWalker

  Hi guys! The first question is: "How I do a simple sparse array in C (with one dimension only)?" {with my own hands, without libraries.} And the last one: "Can I allocate only parts of an array?" like *array; then use malloc to allocate some mem for this; so, We free the index that we don't want. Can I do it? Thanks so much!

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• Rails Metaprogramming: How to add instance methods at runtime?

  - by Larry K

  I'm defining my own AR class in Rails that will include dynamically created instance methods for user fields 0-9. The user fields are not stored in the db directly, they'll be serialized together since they'll be used infrequently. Is the following the best way to do this? Alternatives? Where should the start up code for adding the methods be called from? class Info < ActiveRecord::Base end # called from an init file to add the instance methods parts = [] (0..9).each do |i| parts.push "def user_field_#{i}" # def user_field_0 parts.push "get_user_fields && @user_fields[#{i}]" parts.push "end" end Info.class_eval parts.join

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• DataSet does not support System.Nullable<>

  - by a_m0d

  I'm trying to set the DataSource for a Crystal Reports report, but I've run into a few problems. I've been following a guide written by Mohammad Mahdi Ramezanpour, and have managed to get all the way to the last part now (setting the DataSource). However, I have a problem that Mohammad does not seem to have - when I pass the results of my query to the report, I end up with the following exception: DataSet does not support System.Nullable< This is the query I am using: public IQueryable<Part> GetPartsToDisplayOnStockReport() { return from part in db.Parts where part.showOnStockReport == true select part; } and the way I pass it to the Report: public ActionResult ViewStockReport() { StockReport stockReport = new StockReport(); var parts = ordersRepository.GetPartsToDisplayOnStockReport().ToList(); stockReport.SetDataSource(parts); Stream stream = stockReport.ExportToStream(CrystalDecisions.Shared.ExportFormatType.PortableDocFormat); return File(stream, "application/pdf"); } I have also tried changing my query to this code, in the hope that it would fix my problem: return (from part in db.Parts where part.showOnStockReport == true select part) ?? db.Parts.DefaultIfEmpty(); but it still complained about the same problem. How can I pass the results of this query to my report, to use it as a data source? Also, if each of my Parts object contains other objects / collections of other objects, will I be able to reference them in the report with a datasource like this?

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• Opengl-es draw an .obj file, but how?

  - by lacas

  I d like to parse an .obj file. My parser is working good, but my displaying is not good. Obj file is here my code is: public ObjModelParser parse() { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); InputStream fileIn = resources.openRawResource(resourceID); BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fileIn)); String line=""; Log.e("model loader", "Start parsing object " + resourceID); try { while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) { StringTokenizer parts = new StringTokenizer(line, " "); int numTokens = parts.countTokens(); if (numTokens == 0) continue; String part = parts.nextToken(); if (part.equals(VERTEX)) { Log.e("v ", line); vertices.add(Float.parseFloat(parts.nextToken())); vertices.add(Float.parseFloat(parts.nextToken())); vertices.add(Float.parseFloat(parts.nextToken())); .... and my displaying code is: draw that model with TRIANGLE_STRIP and gl.glDrawArrays(rendermode, 0, coords.length/dimension); What is the mistake here? edited: file here to show what is my good coords from my program for a cube, and what is from .obj file, that never show Thanks, Leslie

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• Chord Chart - Skip to key with a click

  - by Juan Gonzales

  I have a chord chart app that basically can transpose a chord chart up and down throughout the keys, but now I would like to expand that app and allow someone to pick a key and automatically go to that key upon a click event using a function in javascript or jquery. Can someone help me figure this out? The logic seems simple enough, but I'm just not sure how to implement it. Here are my current functions that allow the user to transpose up and down... var match; var chords = ['C','C#','D','D#','E','F','F#','G','G#','A','A#','B','C','Db','D','Eb','E','F','Gb','G','Ab','A','Bb','B','C']; var chords2 = ['C','Db','D','Eb','E','F','Gb','G','Ab','A','Bb','B','C','C#','D','D#','E','F','F#','G','G#','A','A#','C']; var chordRegex = /(?:C#|D#|F#|G#|A#|Db|Eb|Gb|Ab|Bb|C|D|E|F|G|A|B)/g; function transposeUp(x) { $('.chord'+x).each(function(){ ///// initializes variables ///// var currentChord = $(this).text(); // gatheres each object var output = ""; var parts = currentChord.split(chordRegex); var index = 0; ///////////////////////////////// while (match = chordRegex.exec(currentChord)){ var chordIndex = chords2.indexOf(match[0]); output += parts[index++] + chords[chordIndex+1]; } output += parts[index]; $(this).text(output); }); } function transposeDown(x){ $('.chord'+x).each(function(){ var currentChord = $(this).text(); // gatheres each object var output = ""; var parts = currentChord.split(chordRegex); var index = 0; while (match = chordRegex.exec(currentChord)){ var chordIndex = chords2.indexOf(match[0],1); //var chordIndex = $.inArray(match[0], chords, -1); output += parts[index++] + chords2[chordIndex-1]; } output += parts[index]; $(this).text(output); }); } Any help is appreciated. Answer will be accepted! Thank You

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• What programming language is this?

  - by Richard M.

  I recently stumbled over a very odd source listing on a rather old programming-related site (lost it somewhere in my browser history as I didn't care about it at first). I think that this is part of a simple (console-based?) snake game. I searched and searched but didn't find a language that looked somwhat like this. This seems like a mix of Python, Ruby and C++. What the hell? What programming-language is the below source listing written in? Maybe you can figure it out? my Snake.hasProps { length parts xDir yDir } & hasMethods { init: length = 0 parts[0].x,y = 5 move: parts[ 0 ].x,y.!add xDir | yDir # Move the head map parts(i,v): parts[ i ] = parts[ i + 1 ] checkBiteSelf checkFeed checkBiteSelf: part } my SnakePart.hasProps { x y } fork SnakePart to !Feed my Game.hasProps { frameTime = 30 } & hasMethods { init: mainloop mainloop: sys.util.sleep frameTime Snake.move Field.getInput -> Snake.xDir | Snake.yDir Field.reDraw with Snake & Feed & Game # For FPS } main.isMethod { game.init }

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• Was I wrong about JavaScript?

  - by jboyer

  Yes, I was. Recently, I’ve taken a good hard look at JavaScript. I’ve used it before but mostly in the capacity of web design. Using JQuery to make your web page do cool stuff is different than really creating a JavaScript application using all of the language constructs. What I’m finding as I use it more is that I may have been wrong about my assumptions about it. Let me explain.   I enjoyed doing cool stuff with JQuery but the limited experience with JavaScript as a language coupled with the bad things that I heard about it led me to not have any real interest in it. However, JavaScript is ubiquitous on the web and if I want to do any web development, which I do, I need to learn it. So here I am, diving deep into the language with the help of the JavaScript Fundamentals training course at Pluralsight (great training for a low price) and the JavaScript: The Good Parts book by Douglas Crockford.   Now, there are certainly parts of JavaScript that are bad. I think these are well known by any developer that uses it. The parts that I feel are especially egregious are the following: The global object null vs. undefined truthy and falsy limited (nearly nonexistent) scoping ‘==’ and ‘===’ (I just don’t get the reason for coercion)   However, what I am finding hiding under the covers of the bad things is a good language. I am finding that I am legitimately enjoying JavaScript. This I was not expecting. I’m not going to go into a huge dissertation on what I like about it, but some things include: Object literal notation dynamic typing functional style (JavaScript: The Good Parts describes it as LISP in C clothing) JSON (better than XML) There are parts of JavaScript that seem strange to OOP developers like myself. However, just because it is different or seems strange does not mean it is bad. Some differences are quite interesting and useful.   I feel that it is important for developers to challenge their assumptions and also to be able to admit when they are wrong on a topic. Many different situations can arise that lead to this, such as choosing the wrong technology for a problem’s solution, misunderstanding the requirements, etc. I decided to challenge my assumptions about JavaScript instead of moving straight into CoffeeScript or Dart. After exploring it, I find that I am beginning to enjoy it the more I use it. As long as there are those like Crockford to help guide me in the right way to code in JavaScript, I can create elegant and efficient solutions to problems and add another ‘arrow’ to the ‘quiver’, so to speak. I do still intend to learn CoffeeScript to see what the hub-bub is about, but now I no longer have to be afraid of JavaScript as a legitimate programming language.   Has something similar ever happened to you? Tell me about it in the comments below.

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• Flow-Design Cheat Sheet &ndash; Part I, Notation

  - by Ralf Westphal

  You want to avoid the pitfalls of object oriented design? Then this is the right place to start. Use Flow-Oriented Analysis (FOA) and –Design (FOD or just FD for Flow-Design) to understand a problem domain and design a software solution. Flow-Orientation as described here is related to Flow-Based Programming, Event-Based Programming, Business Process Modelling, and even Event-Driven Architectures. But even though “thinking in flows” is not new, I found it helpful to deviate from those precursors for several reasons. Some aim at too big systems for the average programmer, some are concerned with only asynchronous processing, some are even not very much concerned with programming at all. What I was looking for was a design method to help in software projects of any size, be they large or tiny, involing synchronous or asynchronous processing, being local or distributed, running on the web or on the desktop or on a smartphone. That´s why I took ideas from all of the above sources and some additional and came up with Event-Based Components which later got repositioned and renamed to Flow-Design. In the meantime this has generated some discussion (in the German developer community) and several teams have started to work with Flow-Design. Also I´ve conducted quite some trainings using Flow-Orientation for design. The results are very promising. Developers find it much easier to design software using Flow-Orientation than OOAD-based object orientation. Since Flow-Orientation is moving fast and is not covered completely by a single source like a book, demand has increased for at least an overview of the current state of its notation. This page is trying to answer this demand by briefly introducing/describing every notational element as well as their translation into C# source code. Take this as a cheat sheet to put next to your whiteboard when designing software. However, please do not expect any explanation as to the reasons behind Flow-Design elements. Details on why Flow-Design at all and why in this specific way you´ll find in the literature covering the topic. Here´s a resource page on Flow-Design/Event-Based Components, if you´re able to read German. Notation Connected Functional Units The basic element of any FOD are functional units (FU): Think of FUs as some kind of software code block processing data. For the moment forget about classes, methods, “components”, assemblies or whatever. See a FU as an abstract piece of code. Software then consists of just collaborating FUs. I´m using circles/ellipses to draw FUs. But if you like, use rectangles. Whatever suites your whiteboard needs best.   The purpose of FUs is to process input and produce output. FUs are transformational. However, FUs are not called and do not call other FUs. There is no dependency between FUs. Data just flows into a FU (input) and out of it (output). From where and where to is of no concern to a FU.   This way FUs can be concatenated in arbitrary ways:   Each FU can accept input from many sources and produce output for many sinks:   Flows Connected FUs form a flow with a start and an end. Data is entering a flow at a source, and it´s leaving it through a sink. Think of sources and sinks as special FUs which conntect wires to the environment of a network of FUs.   Wiring Details Data is flowing into/out of FUs through wires. This is to allude to electrical engineering which since long has been working with composable parts. Wires are attached to FUs usings pins. They are the entry/exit points for the data flowing along the wires. Input-/output pins currently need not be drawn explicitly. This is to keep designing on a whiteboard simple and quick.   Data flowing is of some type, so wires have a type attached to them. And pins have names. If there is only one input pin and output pin on a FU, though, you don´t need to mention them. The default is Process for a single input pin, and Result for a single output pin. But you´re free to give even single pins different names.   There is a shortcut in use to address a certain pin on a destination FU:   The type of the wire is put in parantheses for two reasons. 1. This way a “no-type” wire can be easily denoted, 2. this is a natural way to describe tuples of data.   To describe how much data is flowing, a star can be put next to the wire type:   Nesting – Boards and Parts If more than 5 to 10 FUs need to be put in a flow a FD starts to become hard to understand. To keep diagrams clutter free they can be nested. You can turn any FU into a flow: This leads to Flow-Designs with different levels of abstraction. A in the above illustration is a high level functional unit, A.1 and A.2 are lower level functional units. One of the purposes of Flow-Design is to be able to describe systems on different levels of abstraction and thus make it easier to understand them. Humans use abstraction/decomposition to get a grip on complexity. Flow-Design strives to support this and make levels of abstraction first class citizens for programming. You can read the above illustration like this: Functional units A.1 and A.2 detail what A is supposed to do. The whole of A´s responsibility is decomposed into smaller responsibilities A.1 and A.2. FU A thus does not do anything itself anymore! All A is responsible for is actually accomplished by the collaboration between A.1 and A.2. Since A now is not doing anything anymore except containing A.1 and A.2 functional units are devided into two categories: boards and parts. Boards are just containing other functional units; their sole responsibility is to wire them up. A is a board. Boards thus depend on the functional units nested within them. This dependency is not of a functional nature, though. Boards are not dependent on services provided by nested functional units. They are just concerned with their interface to be able to plug them together. Parts are the workhorses of flows. They contain the real domain logic. They actually transform input into output. However, they do not depend on other functional units. Please note the usage of source and sink in boards. They correspond to input-pins and output-pins of the board.   Implicit Dependencies Nesting functional units leads to a dependency tree. Boards depend on nested functional units, they are the inner nodes of the tree. Parts are independent, they are the leafs: Even though dependencies are the bane of software development, Flow-Design does not usually draw these dependencies. They are implicitly created by visually nesting functional units. And they are harmless. Boards are so simple in their functionality, they are little affected by changes in functional units they are depending on. But functional units are implicitly dependent on more than nested functional units. They are also dependent on the data types of the wires attached to them: This is also natural and thus does not need to be made explicit. And it pertains mainly to parts being dependent. Since boards don´t do anything with regard to a problem domain, they don´t care much about data types. Their infrastructural purpose just needs types of input/output-pins to match.   Explicit Dependencies You could say, Flow-Orientation is about tackling complexity at its root cause: that´s dependencies. “Natural” dependencies are depicted naturally, i.e. implicitly. And whereever possible dependencies are not even created. Functional units don´t know their collaborators within a flow. This is core to Flow-Orientation. That makes for high composability of functional units. A part is as independent of other functional units as a motor is from the rest of the car. And a board is as dependend on nested functional units as a motor is on a spark plug or a crank shaft. With Flow-Design software development moves closer to how hardware is constructed. Implicit dependencies are not enough, though. Sometimes explicit dependencies make designs easier – as counterintuitive this might sound. So FD notation needs a ways to denote explicit dependencies: Data flows along wires. But data does not flow along dependency relations. Instead dependency relations represent service calls. Functional unit C is depending on/calling services on functional unit S. If you want to be more specific, name the services next to the dependency relation: Although you should try to stay clear of explicit dependencies, they are fundamentally ok. See them as a way to add another dimension to a flow. Usually the functionality of the independent FU (“Customer repository” above) is orthogonal to the domain of the flow it is referenced by. If you like emphasize this by using different shapes for dependent and independent FUs like above. Such dependencies can be used to link in resources like databases or shared in-memory state. FUs can not only produce output but also can have side effects. A common pattern for using such explizit dependencies is to hook a GUI into a flow as the source and/or the sink of data: Which can be shortened to: Treat FUs others depend on as boards (with a special non-FD API the dependent part is connected to), but do not embed them in a flow in the diagram they are depended upon.   Attributes of Functional Units Creation and usage of functional units can be modified with attributes. So far the following have shown to be helpful: Singleton: FUs are by default multitons. FUs in the same of different flows with the same name refer to the same functionality, but to different instances. Think of functional units as objects that get instanciated anew whereever they appear in a design. Sometimes though it´s helpful to reuse the same instance of a functional unit; this is always due to valuable state it holds. Signify this by annotating the FU with a “(S)”. Multiton: FUs on which others depend are singletons by default. This is, because they usually are introduced where shared state comes into play. If you want to change them to be a singletons mark them with a “(M)”. Configurable: Some parts need to be configured before the can do they work in a flow. Annotate them with a “(C)” to have them initialized before any data items to be processed by them arrive. Do not assume any order in which FUs are configured. How such configuration is happening is an implementation detail. Entry point: In each design there needs to be a single part where “it all starts”. That´s the entry point for all processing. It´s like Program.Main() in C# programs. Mark the entry point part with an “(E)”. Quite often this will be the GUI part. How the entry point is started is an implementation detail. Just consider it the first FU to start do its job.   Patterns / Standard Parts If more than a single wire is attached to an output-pin that´s called a split (or fork). The same data is flowing on all of the wires. Remember: Flow-Designs are synchronous by default. So a split does not mean data is processed in parallel afterwards. Processing still happens synchronously and thus one branch after another. Do not assume any specific order of the processing on the different branches after the split.   It is common to do a split and let only parts of the original data flow on through the branches. This effectively means a map is needed after a split. This map can be implicit or explicit.   Although FUs can have multiple input-pins it is preferrable in most cases to combine input data from different branches using an explicit join: The default output of a join is a tuple of its input values. The default behavior of a join is to output a value whenever a new input is received. However, to produce its first output a join needs an input for all its input-pins. Other join behaviors can be: reset all inputs after an output only produce output if data arrives on certain input-pins

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• When will ANACRONTAB run cron.daily?

  - by johnsam

  My RHEL has the following anacrontab config file, it has START_HOURS_RANGE and RANDOM_DELAY both missing, what hour does cron.daily start everyday? My guess is it is random. Is it true? # /etc/anacrontab: configuration file for anacron # See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) for details. SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin MAILTO=root 1 65 cron.daily run-parts /etc/cron.daily 7 70 cron.weekly run-parts /etc/cron.weekly 30 75 cron.monthly run-parts /etc/cron.monthly

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• Inconsistent accessibility

  - by user1312412

  I am getting the following error Inconsistent accessibility: parameter type 'Db.Form1.ConnectionString' is less accessible than method 'Db.Form1.BuildConnectionString(Db.Form1.ConnectionString)' //Name spaces using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using Microsoft.VisualBasic; using System.Collections; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Data.OleDb; using System.IO; using System.Drawing.Printing; // namespace Db { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } public void SetBusy() { this.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; Application.DoEvents(); } public void SetFree() { this.Cursor = Cursors.Default; Application.DoEvents(); } //connection string into parts struct ConnectionString { public string Provider; public string DataSource; public string UserId; public string Password; public string Database; } //Declare public string BuildConnectionString(ConnectionString connStr) ------> getting error here { string[] parts = new string[5]; parts[0] = "Provider=" + connStr.Provider; parts[1] = "Data Source=" + connStr.DataSource; parts[2] = "User Id=" + connStr.UserId; parts[3] = "Password=" + connStr.Password; parts[4] = "Initial Catalog=" + connStr.Database; return string.Join(";", parts); } // settings public bool IsValidConnectionForPrinting() { SetBusy(); ConnectionString connStr = new ConnectionString(); connStr.Provider = cboProvider.Text; connStr.DataSource = cboDataSource.Text; connStr.UserId = txtUserId.Text; connStr.Password = txtPassword.Text; connStr.Database = cboDatabase.Text; //connection string to database string connectionString = BuildConnectionString(connStr); OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connectionString); try { conn.Open(); OleDbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.TableDirect; cmd.CommandText = "vw_pr_DL"; cmd.ExecuteScalar(); cmd.CommandText = "vw_pr_VR"; cmd.ExecuteScalar(); //cmd.CommandText = "vw_pr_VR" //cmd.ExecuteScalar() conn.Close(); } //Exception messages catch (Exception ex) { SetFree(); if (ex.Message.StartsWith("Invalid object name")) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.Replace("Invalid object name", "Table or view not found"), "Connection Test"); } else { MessageBox.Show(ex.GetBaseException().Message, "Connection Test"); } return false; } SetFree(); return true; } // when user click testbutton private void btnConnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (IsValidConnectionForPrinting()) { MessageBox.Show("Connection succeeded", "Connection Test"); } }

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• crontab doesn't work on centos 6

  - by sbxmal

  /etc/crontab: SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin MAILTO=root HOME=/ 01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly 02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily 22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly 42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly */2 * * * * /usr/bin/php -q /home/dorsen/public_html/cron-test.php */2 * * * * http://www.mysiteurl.com/cron-test.php - also doesn't work If i run this file directly in browser - all fine What i did : root@vded10625 [~]# yum remove cronie-anacron .... Complete! root@vded10625 [~]# yum install cronie-noanacron sysstat .... Complete! root@vded10625 [~]# service crond start Starting crond: [ OK ] root@vded10625 [~]# chkconfig crond on root@vded10625 [~]# service crond restart Stopping crond: [ OK ] Starting crond: [ OK ] Will be pleased for any help

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• Run a shell script using cron

  - by Blanca

  Hi! I have this FeedIndexer.sh: #!/bin/sh java -jar FeedIndexer.jar Just to run FeedIndexer.jar which is in the same directory as the .sh, I would like to run it using crontab, so I did this: # /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab # Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab' # command to install the new version when you edit this file # and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields, # that none of the other crontabs do. SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # m h dom mon dow user command 17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly 25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) 47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly ) 52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly ) 01 01 * * * root run-parts --report /home/slosada/workspace/FeedIndexer/target/FeedIndexer.sh # But I don't know how to run it. Have i made any mistake?? Thank you!

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• Prevent email to root@domain

  - by kml

  I'm running Ubuntu Server 12.04 as a web server and use Exim4 for sending confirmation emails and such. Is there a way to set a system-wide email address for the root user? In other words, I'd like ALL email to go to a different address rather than [email protected]. For example, this command... echo "test" | mail -v -s test root ...would go to a different address, as well as all cron tasks that root executes: # m h dom mon dow user command 17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly 25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) 47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly ) 52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )

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• OpenJs mysql not reading database [migrated]

  - by Benedikt Wutzi

  I try to access a mysql table using OpenJs Grid. I already doublechecked if the database "partsdb" and the table "parts" exists and it can be accessed from the commandline. Currently I'm using the must basic example: members.php: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Members Page</title> <script> $(function() { $(".parts").grid(); }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <h1>Members Page</h1> <table action="ajax.php"> <tr> <th col="id">Id</th> <th col="name">Name</th> </tr> </table> <a href='<?php echo base_url()."main/logout" ?>'>Logout</a> </div> and ajax.php <?php mysql_connect("localhost","****","*****"); mysql_select_db("partsdb"); require_once("grid.php"); $grid = new Grid("parts"); ?> When I run php directly on ajax.php I get an error telling me: " Unknown column 'parts.' in 'field list' " and the table shows only the headers. What am I doing wrong?

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• Crontab -e gives me error messages

  - by DNA

  I get a bunch of error messages when I run crontab -e Here are the error messages. And here is my crontab file under `/usr/bin/': # /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab # Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab' # command to install the new version when you edit this file # and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields, # that none of the other crontabs do. SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # m h dom mon dow user command 17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly 25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) 47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly ) 52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly ) 30 * * * * root rsync /home/dnaneet/Downloads/*.pdf /home/dnaneet/Downloads/pdfs/ # I notice that the last task ('rsync') NEVER RUNS! Why is this happening? What did I do wrong? Running Ubuntu 11.10/Bash. I have read this... Am I missing a shebang? And I don't know if my anacron jobs run. Edit 1 In light of Masi's comment, I commented out lines 17 thru 25 of my crontab file with #. Now when I run sudo crontab -e, all I get is: /usr/bin/crontab: 11: 17: not found /usr/bin/crontab: 12: 25: not found (gedit:4301): Gtk-WARNING **: Attempting to store changes into `/root/.local/share/recently-used.xbel', but failed: Failed to create file '/root/.local/share/recently-used.xbel.GOHVBW': No such file or directory (gedit:4301): Gtk-WARNING **: Attempting to set the permissions of `/root/.local/share/recently-used.xbel', but failed: No such file or directory What in the world?

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• What are the possible options for AI path-finding etc when the world is "partitionned"?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  If you anticipate a large persistent game world, and you don't want to end up with some game server crashing due to overload, then you have to design from the ground up a game world that is partitioned in chunks. This is in particular true if you want to run your game servers in the cloud, where each individual VM is relatively week, and memory and CPU are at a premium. I think the biggest challenge here is that the player receives all the parts around the location of the avatar, but mobs/monsters are normally located in the server itself, and can only directly access the data about the part of the world that the server own. So how can we make the AI behave realistically in that context? It can send queries to the other servers that own the neighboring parts, but that sounds rather network intensive and latency prone. It would probably be more performant for each mob AI to be spread over the neighboring parts, and proactively send the relevant info to the part that contains the actual mob atm. That would also reduce the stress in a mob crossing a border between two parts, and therefore "switching server". Have you heard of any AI design that solves those issues? Some kind of distributed AI brain? Maybe some kind of "agent" community working together through message passing?

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