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• Equivalence Classes

  - by orcik

  I need to write a program for equivalence classes and get this outputs... (equiv '((a b) (a c) (d e) (e f) (c g) (g h))) => ((a b c g h) (d e f)) (equiv '((a b) (c d) (e f) (f g) (a e))) => ((a b e f g) (c d)) Basically, A set is a list in which the order doesn't matter, but elements don't appear more than once. The function should accept a list of pairs (elements which are related according to some equivalence relation), and return a set of equivalence classes without using iteration or assignment statements (e.g. do, set!, etc.). However, set utilities such as set-intersection, set-union and a function which eliminates duplicates in a list and built-in functions union, intersection, and remove-duplicates are allowed. Thanks a lot! By the way, It's not a homework question. A friend of mine need this piece of code to solve smilar questions.

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• Create fulltext index on a VIEW

  - by kylex

  Is it possible to create a full text index on a VIEW? If so, given two columns column1 and column2 on a VIEW, what is the SQL to get this done? The reason I'd like to do this is I have two very large tables, where I need to do a FULLTEXT search of a single column on each table and combine the results. The results need to be ordered as a single unit. Suggestions? EDIT: This was my attempt at creating a UNION and ordering by each statements scoring. (SELECT a_name AS name, MATCH(a_name) AGAINST('$keyword') as ascore FROM a WHERE MATCH a_name AGAINST('$keyword')) UNION (SELECT s_name AS name,MATCH(s_name) AGAINST('$keyword') as sscore FROM s WHERE MATCH s_name AGAINST('$keyword')) ORDER BY (ascore + sscore) ASC sscore was not recognized.

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• Java creation of new set too slow

  - by Mgccl

  I have this program where it have some recursive function similar to this: lambda(HashSet<Integer> s){ for(int i=0;i<w;i++){ HashSet<Integer> p = (HashSet) s.clone(); p.addAll(get_next_set()); lambda(p); } } What I'm doing is union every set with the set s. And run lambda on each one of the union. I run a profiler and found the c.clone() operation took 100% of the time of my code. Are there any way to speed this up considerably?

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• Sql - add row when not existed

  - by Nguyen Tuan Linh

  Suppose I have a query that returns result like this: Project Year Type Amt PJ00001 2012 1 1000 PJ00001 2012 2 1000 PJ00001 2011 1 1000 PJ00002 2012 1 1000 What I want: Every Project will have 2 rows of Types for each Year. If the row is not there, add it to the result with Amt = 0. For example: - PJ00001 have 2 rows of type 1,2 in 2012 -- OK. But in 2011, it only have 1 row of Type 1 -- We add one row:PJ00001 2011 2 0 - PJ00002 have only 1 row of type 1 -- add:PJ00002 2012 2 0 Is there a way to easily do it. The only way I know now is to create a view like: PJ_VIEW. And then: SELECT * FROM PJ_VIEW UNION ALL SELECT t.PROJECT, t.YEAR_NO, 1 AS TYPE_NO, 0 AS AMT FROM PJ_VIEW t WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM PJ_VIEW t2 WHERE t2.PROJECT = t.PROJECT AND t2.YEAR_NO = t.YEAR_NO AND t2.TYPE_NO = 1) UNION ALL SELECT t.PROJECT, t.YEAR_NO, 2 AS TYPE_NO, 0 AS AMT FROM PJ_VIEW t WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM PJ_VIEW t2 WHERE t2.PROJECT = t.PROJECT AND t2.YEAR_NO = t.YEAR_NO AND t2.TYPE_NO = 2)

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• Adding values from different tables

  - by damdeok

  Friends, I have these tables: Contestant Table: Winner Peter Group Table: Id Name Score Union 1 Bryan 3 77 2 Mary 1 20 3 Peter 5 77 4 Joseph 2 25 5 John 6 77 I want to give additional score of 5 to Peter on Group Table. So, I came up with this query. UPDATE Group SET Score = Score+5 FROM Contestant, Group WHERE Contestant.Winner = Group.Name Now, I want also to give additional score of 5 to the same Union as Peter which is 77. How can I integrate it as one query to my existing query?

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• Converting between unsigned and signed int safely

  - by polemic

  I have an interface between a client and a server where a client sends (1) an unsigned value, and (2) a flag which indicates if value is signed/unsigned. Server would then static cast unsigned value to appropriate type. I later found out that this is implementation defined behavior and I've been reading about it but I couldn't seem to find an appropriate solution that's completely safe? I've read about type punning, pointer conversions, and memcpy. Would simply using a union type work? A UnionType containing signed and unsigned int, along with the signed/unsigned flag. For signed values, client sets the signed part of the union, and server reads the signed part. Same for the unsigned part. Or am I completely misunderstanding something? Side question: how do I know the specific behavior in this case for a specific scenario, e.g. windriver diab on PPC? I'm a bit lost on how to find such documentation.

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• Convert SQL to LINQ to SQL

  - by Adam

  Hi I have the SQL query with c as ( select categoryId,parentId, name,0 as [level] from task_Category b where b.parentId is null union all select b.categoryId,b.parentId,b.name,[level] + 1 from task_Category b join c on b.parentId = c.categoryId) select name,[level],categoryId,parentId as item from c and I want to convert it to LINQ to SQL, yet my LINQ skills are not there yet. Could someone please help me convert this. It's the with and union statements that are making this a bit more complex for me. Any help appreciated.

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• How to correctly do SQL UPDATE with weighted subselect?

  - by luminarious

  I am probably trying to accomplish too much in a single query, but have I an sqlite database with badly formatted recipes. This returns a sorted list of recipes with relevance added: SELECT *, sum(relevance) FROM ( SELECT *,1 AS relevance FROM recipes WHERE ingredients LIKE '%milk%' UNION ALL SELECT *,1 AS relevance FROM recipes WHERE ingredients LIKE '%flour%' UNION ALL SELECT *,1 AS relevance FROM recipes WHERE ingredients LIKE '%sugar%' ) results GROUP BY recipeID ORDER BY sum(relevance) DESC; But I'm now stuck with a special case where I need to write the relevance value to a field on the same row as the recipe. I figured something along these lines: UPDATE recipes SET relevance=(SELECT sum(relevance) ...) But I have not been able to get this working yet. I will keep trying, but meanwhile please let me know how you would approach this?

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• IF/ELSE makes stored procedure not return a result set

  - by Brendan Long

  I have a stored procedure that needs to return something from one of two databases: IF @x = 1 SELECT @y FROM Table_A ELSE IF @x = 2 SELECT @y FROM Table_B Either SELECT alone will return what I want, but adding the IF/ELSE makes it stop returning anything. I tried: IF @x = 1 RETURN SELECT @y FROM Table_A ELSE IF @x = 2 RETURN SELECT @y FROM Table_B But that causes a syntax error. The two options I see are both horrible: Do a UNION and make sure that only one side has any results: SELECT @y FROM Table_A WHERE @x = 1 UNION SELECT @y FROM Table_B WHERE @x = 2 Create a temporary table to store one row in, and create and delete it every time I run this procedure (lots). Neither solution is elegant, and I assume they would both be horrible for performance (unless MS SQL is smart enough not to search the tables when the WHERE class is always false). Is there anything else I can do? Is option 1 not as bad as I think?

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• Equivalence Classes LISP

  - by orcik

  I need to write a program for equivalence classes and get this outputs... (equiv '((a b) (a c) (d e) (e f) (c g) (g h))) => ((a b c g h) (d e f)) (equiv '((a b) (c d) (e f) (f g) (a e))) => ((a b e f g) (c d)) Basically, A set is a list in which the order doesn't matter, but elements don't appear more than once. The function should accept a list of pairs (elements which are related according to some equivalence relation), and return a set of equivalence classes without using iteration or assignment statements (e.g. do, set!, etc.). However, set utilities such as set-intersection, set-union and a function which eliminates duplicates in a list and built-in functions union, intersection, and remove-duplicates are allowed. Thanks a lot!

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• How do I make my MySQL query with joins more concise?

  - by John Hoffman

  I have a huge MySQL query that depends on JOINs. SELECT m.id, l.name as location, CONCAT(u.firstName, " ", u.lastName) AS matchee, u.email AS mEmail, u.description AS description, m.time AS meetingTime FROM matches AS m LEFT JOIN locations AS l ON locationID=l.id LEFT JOIN users AS u ON (u.id=m.user1ID) WHERE m.user2ID=2 UNION SELECT m.id, l.name as location, CONCAT(u.firstName, " ", u.lastName) AS matchee, u.email AS mEmail, u.description AS description, m.time AS meetingTime FROM matches AS m LEFT JOIN locations AS l ON locationID=l.id LEFT JOIN users AS u ON (u.id=m.user2ID) WHERE m.user1ID=2 The first 3 lines of each sub-statement divided by UNION are identical. How can I abide by the DRY principle, not repeat those three lines, and make this query more concise?

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• Adding more OR searches with CONTAINS Brings Query to Crawl

  - by scolja

  I have a simple query that relies on two full-text indexed tables, but it runs extremely slow when I have the CONTAINS combined with any additional OR search. As seen in the execution plan, the two full text searches crush the performance. If I query with just 1 of the CONTAINS, or neither, the query is sub-second, but the moment you add OR into the mix the query becomes ill-fated. The two tables are nothing special, they're not overly wide (42 cols in one, 21 in the other; maybe 10 cols are FT indexed in each) or even contain very many records (36k recs in the biggest of the two). I was able to solve the performance by splitting the two CONTAINS searches into their own SELECT queries and then UNION the three together. Is this UNION workaround my only hope? Thanks. SELECT a.CollectionID FROM collections a INNER JOIN determinations b ON a.CollectionID = b.CollectionID WHERE a.CollrTeam_Text LIKE '%fa%' OR CONTAINS(a.*, '"*fa*"') OR CONTAINS(b.*, '"*fa*"') Execution Plan (guess I need more reputation before I can post the image):

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• Issue with SQL query for activity stream/feed

  - by blabus

  I'm building an application that allows users to recommend music to each other, and am having trouble building a query that would return a 'stream' of recommendations that involve both the user themselves, as well as any of the user's friends. This is my table structure: Recommendations ID Sender Recipient [other columns...] -- ------ --------- ------------------ r1 u1 u3 ... r2 u3 u2 ... r3 u4 u3 ... Users ID Email First Name Last Name [other columns...] --- ----- ---------- --------- ------------------ u1 ... ... ... ... u2 ... ... ... ... u3 ... ... ... ... u4 ... ... ... ... Relationships ID Sender Recipient Status [other columns...] --- ------ --------- -------- ------------------ rl1 u1 u2 accepted ... rl2 u3 u1 accepted ... rl3 u1 u4 accepted ... rl4 u3 u2 accepted ... So for user 'u4' (who is friends with 'u1'), I want to query for a 'stream' of recommendations relevant to u4. This stream would include all recommendations in which either the sender or recipient is u4, as well as all recommendations in which the sender or recipient is u1 (the friend). This is what I have for the query so far: SELECT * FROM recommendations WHERE recommendations.sender IN ( SELECT sender FROM relationships WHERE recipient='u4' AND status='accepted' UNION SELECT recipient FROM relationships WHERE sender='u4' AND status='accepted') OR recommendations.recipient IN ( SELECT sender FROM relationships WHERE recipient='u4' AND status='accepted' UNION SELECT recipient FROM relationships WHERE sender='u4' AND status='accepted') UNION SELECT * FROM recommendations WHERE recommendations.sender='u4' OR recommendations.recipient='u4' GROUP BY recommendations.id ORDER BY datecreated DESC Which seems to work, as far as I can see (I'm no SQL expert). It returns all of the records from the Recommendations table that would be 'relevant' to a given user. However, I'm now having trouble also getting data from the Users table as well. The Recommendations table has the sender's and recipient's ID (foreign keys), but I'd also like to get the first and last name of each as well. I think I require some sort of JOIN, but I'm lost on how to proceed, and was looking for help on that. (And also, if anyone sees any areas for improvement in my current query, I'm all ears.) Thanks!

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• GROUP BY and SUM distinct date across 2 tables

  - by kenitech

  I'm not sure if this is possible in one mysql query so I might just combine the results via php. I have 2 tables: 'users' and 'billing' I'm trying to group summed activity for every date that is available in these two tables. 'users' is not historical data but 'billing' contains a record for each transaction. In this example I am showing a user's status which I'd like to sum for created date and deposit amounts that I would also like to sum by created date. I realize there is a bit of a disconnect between the data but I'd like to some all of it together and display it as seen below. This will show me an overview of all of the users by when they were created and what the current statuses are next to total transactions. I've tried UNION as well as LEFT JOIN but I can't seem to get either to work. Union example is pretty close but doesn't combine the dates into one row. ( SELECT created, SUM(status) as totalActive, NULL as totalDeposit FROM users GROUP BY created ) UNION ( SELECT created, NULL as totalActive, SUM(transactionAmount) as totalDeposit FROM billing GROUP BY created ) I've also tried using a date lookup table and joining on the dates but the SUM values are being added multiple times. note: I don't care about the userIds at all but have it in here for the example. users table (where status of '1' denotes "active") (one record for each user) created | userId | status 2010-03-01 | 10 | 0 2010-03-01 | 11 | 1 2010-03-01 | 12 | 1 2010-03-10 | 13 | 0 2010-03-12 | 14 | 1 2010-03-12 | 15 | 1 2010-03-13 | 16 | 0 2010-03-15 | 17 | 1 billing table (record created for every instance of a billing "transaction" created | userId | transactionAmount 2010-03-01 | 10 | 50 2010-03-01 | 18 | 50 2010-03-01 | 19 | 100 2010-03-10 | 89 | 55 2010-03-15 | 16 | 50 2010-03-15 | 12 | 90 2010-03-22 | 99 | 150 desired result: created | sumStatusActive | sumStatusInactive | sumTransactions 2010-03-01 | 2 | 1 | 200 2010-03-10 | 0 | 1 | 55 2010-03-12 | 2 | 0 | 0 2010-03-13 | 0 | 0 | 0 2010-03-15 | 1 | 0 | 140 2010-03-22 | 0 | 0 | 150 Table dump: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` ( `created` date NOT NULL, `userId` int(11) NOT NULL, `status` smallint(6) NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; INSERT INTO `users` (`created`, `userId`, `status`) VALUES ('2010-03-01', 10, 0), ('2010-03-01', 11, 1), ('2010-03-01', 12, 1), ('2010-03-10', 13, 0), ('2010-03-12', 14, 1), ('2010-03-12', 15, 1), ('2010-03-13', 16, 0), ('2010-03-15', 17, 1); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `billing` ( `created` date NOT NULL, `userId` int(11) NOT NULL, `transactionAmount` int(11) NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; INSERT INTO `billing` (`created`, `userId`, `transactionAmount`) VALUES ('2010-03-01', 10, 50), ('2010-03-01', 18, 50), ('2010-03-01', 19, 100), ('2010-03-10', 89, 55), ('2010-03-15', 16, 50), ('2010-03-15', 12, 90), ('2010-03-22', 99, 150);

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• Joining two select queries and ordering results

  - by user1

  Basically I'm just unsure as to why this query is failing to execute: (SELECT replies.reply_post, replies.reply_content, replies.reply_date AS d, members.username FROM (replies) AS a INNER JOIN members ON replies.reply_by = members.id) UNION (SELECT posts.post_id, posts.post_title, posts.post_date AS d, members.username FROM (posts) as b WHERE posts.post_set = 0 INNER JOIN members ON posts.post_by = members.id) ORDER BY d DESC LIMIT 5 I'm getting this error: #1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'a INNER JOIN members ON replies.re' at line 2 All I'm trying to do is select the 5 most recent rows (dates) from these two tables. I've tried Join, union etc and I've seen numerous queries where people have put another query after the FROM statement and that just makes no logical sense to me as to how that works? Am I safe to say that you can join the same table from two different but joined queries? Or am I taking completely the wrong approach, because frankly I can't seem see how this query is failing despite reading the error message. (The two queries on there own work fine)

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• How to join by column name

  - by Daniel Vaca

  I have a table T1 such that gsdv |nsdv |esdv ------------------- 228.90 |216.41|0.00 and a table T2 such that ds |nm -------------------------- 'Non-Revenue Sales'|'ESDV' 'Gross Sales' |'GSDV' 'Net Sales' |'NSDV' How do I get the following table? ds |nm |val --------------------------------- 'Non-Revenue Sales'|'ESDV'|0.00 'Gross Sales' |'GSDV'|228.90 'Net Sales' |'NSDV'|216.41 I know that I can this by doing the following SELECT ds,nm,esdv val FROM T1,T2 WHERE nm = 'esdv' UNION SELECT ds,nm,gsdv val FROM T1,T2 WHERE nm = 'gsdv' UNION SELECT ds,nm,nsdv val FROM T1,T2 WHERE nm = 'nsdv' but I am looking for a more generic/nicer solution. I am using Sybase, but if you can think of a way to do this with other DBMS, please let me know. Thanks.

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• ASP.NET MVC Case Study on Jwaala’s Online Banking Solution

  Learn how Jwaala was able to provide a better solution to its banking and credit union customers by moving its Money Tracker application, to ASP.NET MVC and the Microsoft Web Platform from the LAMR (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Ruby on Rails) environment.

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• « Consentement explicite » obligatoire pour l'utilisation des Cookies sur les sites Web à partir du 25 mai, Bruxelles a légiféré

  « Consentement explicite » obligatoire pour l'utilisation des Cookies Sur les sites Web à partir du 25 mai, Bruxelles a légiféré Mise à jour du 09/03/2011 par Idelways À partir du 25 mai prochain, l'Union européenne imposera aux sites web d'obtenir le « consentement explicite » de l'utilisateur avant de pouvoir stocker et lire des cookies sur son ordinateur. Une démarche étonnante. Une démarche en tout cas très différente et plus radicale que les

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• DTracing a PHPUnit Test: Looking at Functional Programming

  - by cj

  Here's a quick example of using DTrace Dynamic Tracing to work out what a PHP code base does. I was reading the article Functional Programming in PHP by Patkos Csaba and wondering how efficient this stype of programming is. I thought this would be a good time to fire up DTrace and see what is going on. Since DTrace is "always available" even in production machines (once PHP is compiled with --enable-dtrace), this was easy to do. I have Oracle Linux with the UEK3 kernel and PHP 5.5 with DTrace static probes enabled, as described in DTrace PHP Using Oracle Linux 'playground' Pre-Built Packages I installed the Functional Programming sample code and Sebastian Bergmann's PHPUnit. Although PHPUnit is included in the Functional Programming example, I found it easier to separately download and use its phar file: cd ~/Desktop wget -O master.zip https://github.com/tutsplus/functional-programming-in-php/archive/master.zip wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar unzip master.zip I created a DTrace D script functree.d: #pragma D option quiet self int indent; BEGIN { topfunc = $1; } php$target:::function-entry /copyinstr(arg0) == topfunc/ { self->follow = 1; } php$target:::function-entry /self->follow/ { self->indent += 2; printf("%*s %s%s%s\n", self->indent, "->", arg3?copyinstr(arg3):"", arg4?copyinstr(arg4):"", copyinstr(arg0)); } php$target:::function-return /self->follow/ { printf("%*s %s%s%s\n", self->indent, "<-", arg3?copyinstr(arg3):"", arg4?copyinstr(arg4):"", copyinstr(arg0)); self->indent -= 2; } php$target:::function-return /copyinstr(arg0) == topfunc/ { self->follow = 0; } This prints a PHP script function call tree starting from a given PHP function name. This name is passed as a parameter to DTrace, and assigned to the variable topfunc when the DTrace script starts. With this D script, choose a PHP function that isn't recursive, or modify the script to set self->follow = 0 only when all calls to that function have unwound. From looking at the sample FunSets.php code and its PHPUnit test driver FunSetsTest.php, I settled on one test function to trace: function testUnionContainsAllElements() { ... } I invoked DTrace to trace function calls invoked by this test with # dtrace -s ./functree.d -c 'php phpunit.phar \ /home/cjones/Desktop/functional-programming-in-php-master/FunSets/Tests/FunSetsTest.php' \ '"testUnionContainsAllElements"' The core of this command is a call to PHP to run PHPUnit on the FunSetsTest.php script. Outside that, DTrace is called and the PID of PHP is passed to the D script $target variable so the probes fire just for this invocation of PHP. Note the quoting around the PHP function name passed to DTrace. The parameter must have double quotes included so DTrace knows it is a string. The output is: PHPUnit 3.7.28 by Sebastian Bergmann. ......-> FunSetsTest::testUnionContainsAllElements -> FunSets::singletonSet <- FunSets::singletonSet -> FunSets::singletonSet <- FunSets::singletonSet -> FunSets::union <- FunSets::union -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::isTrue <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::isTrue -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertThat -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::count <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::count -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::evaluate -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue::matches <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue::matches <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::evaluate <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertThat <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::isTrue <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::isTrue -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertThat -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::count <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::count -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::evaluate -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue::matches <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsTrue::matches <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::evaluate <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertThat <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains -> FunSets::contains -> FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains <- FunSets::{closure} <- FunSets::contains -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertFalse -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::isFalse -> {closure} -> main <- main <- {closure} <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::isFalse -> PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertThat -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::count <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::count -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::evaluate -> PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsFalse::matches <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint_IsFalse::matches <- PHPUnit_Framework_Constraint::evaluate <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertThat <- PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertFalse <- FunSetsTest::testUnionContainsAllElements ... Time: 1.85 seconds, Memory: 3.75Mb OK (9 tests, 23 assertions) The periods correspond to the successful tests before and after (and from) the test I was tracing. You can see the function entry ("->") and return ("<-") points. Cross checking with the testUnionContainsAllElements() source code confirms the two singletonSet() calls, one union() call, two assertTrue() calls and finally an assertFalse() call. These assertions have a contains() call as a parameter, so contains() is called before the PHPUnit assertion functions are run. You can see contains() being called recursively, and how the closures are invoked. If you want to focus on the application logic and suppress the PHPUnit function trace, you could turn off tracing when assertions are being checked by adding D clauses checking the entry and exit of assertFalse() and assertTrue(). But if you want to see all of PHPUnit's code flow, you can modify the functree.d code that sets and unsets self-follow, and instead change it to toggle the variable in request-startup and request-shutdown probes: php$target:::request-startup { self->follow = 1 } php$target:::request-shutdown { self->follow = 0 } Be prepared for a large amount of output!

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• SQL SERVER – Introduction to Function SIGN

  - by pinaldave

  Yesterday I received an email from a friend asking how do SIGN function works. Well SIGN Function is very fundamental function. It will return the value 1, -1 or 0. If your value is negative it will return you negative -1 and if it is positive it will return you positive +1. Let us start with a simple small example. DECLARE @IntVal1 INT, @IntVal2 INT,@IntVal3 INT DECLARE @NumVal1 DECIMAL(4,2), @NumVal2 DECIMAL(4,2),@NumVal3 DECIMAL(4,2) SET @IntVal1 = 9; SET @IntVal2 = -9; SET @IntVal3 = 0; SET @NumVal1 = 9.0; SET @NumVal2 = -9.0; SET @NumVal3 = 0.0; SELECT SIGN(@IntVal1) IntVal1,SIGN(@IntVal2) IntVal2,SIGN(@IntVal3) IntVal3 SELECT SIGN(@NumVal1) NumVal1,SIGN(@NumVal2) NumVal2,SIGN(@NumVal2) NumVal3   The above function will give us following result set. You will notice that when there is positive value the function gives positive values and if the values are negative it will return you negative values. Also you will notice that if the data type is  INT the return value is INT and when the value passed to the function is Numeric the result also matches it. Not every datatype is compatible with this function.  Here is the quick look up of the return types. bigint -> bigint int/smallint/tinyint -> int money/smallmoney -> money numeric/decimal -> numeric/decimal everybody else -> float What will be the best example of the usage of this function that you will not have to use the CASE Statement. Here is example of CASE Statement usage and the same replaced with SIGN function. USE tempdb GO CREATE TABLE TestTable (Date1 SMALLDATETIME, Date2 SMALLDATETIME) INSERT INTO TestTable (Date1, Date2) SELECT '2012-06-22 16:15', '2012-06-20 16:15' UNION ALL SELECT '2012-06-24 16:15', '2012-06-22 16:15' UNION ALL SELECT '2012-06-22 16:15', '2012-06-22 16:15' GO -- Using Case Statement SELECT CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(d,Date1,Date2) > 0 THEN 1 WHEN DATEDIFF(d,Date1,Date2) < 0 THEN -1 ELSE 0 END AS Col FROM TestTable GO -- Using SIGN Function SELECT SIGN(DATEDIFF(d,Date1,Date2)) AS Col FROM TestTable GO DROP TABLE TestTable GO This was interesting blog post for me to write. Let me know your opinion. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• sell skimmed dump+pin([email protected])wu transfer,bank transfer,paypal+mailpass

  - by bestseller

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• Which statically typed languages support intersection types for function return values?

  - by stakx

  Initial note: This question got closed after several edits because I lacked the proper terminology to state accurately what I was looking for. Sam Tobin-Hochstadt then posted a comment which made me recognise exactly what that was: programming languages that support intersection types for function return values. Now that the question has been re-opened, I've decided to improve it by rewriting it in a (hopefully) more precise manner. Therefore, some answers and comments below might no longer make sense because they refer to previous edits. (Please see the question's edit history in such cases.) Are there any popular statically & strongly typed programming languages (such as Haskell, generic Java, C#, F#, etc.) that support intersection types for function return values? If so, which, and how? (If I'm honest, I would really love to see someone demonstrate a way how to express intersection types in a mainstream language such as C# or Java.) I'll give a quick example of what intersection types might look like, using some pseudocode similar to C#: interface IX { … } interface IY { … } interface IB { … } class A : IX, IY { … } class B : IX, IY, IB { … } T fn() where T : IX, IY { return … ? new A() : new B(); } That is, the function fn returns an instance of some type T, of which the caller knows only that it implements interfaces IX and IY. (That is, unlike with generics, the caller doesn't get to choose the concrete type of T — the function does. From this I would suppose that T is in fact not a universal type, but an existential type.) P.S.: I'm aware that one could simply define a interface IXY : IX, IY and change the return type of fn to IXY. However, that is not really the same thing, because often you cannot bolt on an additional interface IXY to a previously defined type A which only implements IX and IY separately. Footnote: Some resources about intersection types: Wikipedia article for "Type system" has a subsection about intersection types. Report by Benjamin C. Pierce (1991), "Programming With Intersection Types, Union Types, and Polymorphism" David P. Cunningham (2005), "Intersection types in practice", which contains a case study about the Forsythe language, which is mentioned in the Wikipedia article. A Stack Overflow question, "Union types and intersection types" which got several good answers, among them this one which gives a pseudocode example of intersection types similar to mine above.

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• Un FAI anglais va équiper une ville entière en fibre à 1 Gbps, aimeriez-vous utiliser un tel débit chez vous ?

  Un FAI britannique va équiper toute une ville de fibre à 1 Gb pour un test grandeur nature, aimeriez-vous utiliser un tel débit ? Alors que la Commission Européenne vient de faire des recommandations précises pour aider les pays européens à avancer vers de meilleurs installations numériques, l'Angleterre semble avoir bien reçu le message concernant le fait de booster le réseau Internet. Le Royaume de sa Majesté a en effet décidé de devenir le pays de l'Union doté des meilleures connexions en 2015 Le secrétaire à la Culture, Jer...

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• Hello, World!

  - by codingbloke

  This is my first blog.  Currently just testing to see what skin I prefer. Union Square Software Bullet 1 Bullet 2 Bullet 3

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• The EXCEPT and INTERSECT Operators in SQL Server

  The UNION, EXCEPT and INTERSECT operators of SQL enable you to combine more than one SELECT statement to form a single result set. Rob Sheldon explains all, with plenty of examples. Join SQL Backup’s 35,000+ customers to compress and strengthen your backups "SQL Backup will be a REAL boost to any DBA lucky enough to use it." Jonathan Allen. Download a free trial now.

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