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  • How to get X,Y,Z rotations of vertices on a sphere at the origin?

    - by Stoff81
    Hey, I have a sphere in my game world and i would like to place a plane at each vertex on this sphere for debugging purposes. The planes should be orientated so that they lie flat against the sphere (perpendicular to the normals). The sphere is located at the origin, so all the vertices are relative to that. If my thinking is correct, i should be able to do this using the positions of the vertices and some simple trigonometry. I have tried a few combinations but have had no joy yet. I would greatly appreciate some help on this. Thanks. Here is my code: float xRot = RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(sinf(vertex.x/PLANET_RADIUS)); float yRot = RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(cosf(vertex.y/PLANET_RADIUS)); glRotatef(xRot, 1.0, 0, 0); glRotatef(yRot, 0, 1.0, 0);

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  • Given an even number of vertices, how to find an optimum set of pairs based on proximity?

    - by Alex Z
    The problem: We have a set of n vertices in 3D euclidean space, and there is an even number of these vertices. We want to pair them up based on their proximity. In other words, we'd like to be able to find a set of vertex pairs, where the vertices in each pair are as close as possible together. We want to minimise sacrificing the proximity between the vertices of any other pairs as much as possible in doing this. I am not looking for the most optimal solution (if it even strictly exists/can be done), just a reasonable one that can be computed relatively quickly. A relatively awful brute force approach involves choosing a vertex and looping through the rest to find its nearest neighbor and then repeating until there are none left. Of course as we near the end of the list the closest vertex could be very far away, but it is the only choice, therefore this can fail badly on the third point above.

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  • directX texture appears incorrectly

    - by numerical25
    I finally managed to get a texture onto a cube sadly, but it is appearing incorrectly. as the below picture identifies. Anyways, I am not sure what it could be. My first guess is it could be my uv mapping or my vertex positioning is off. If someone could check and make sure thats good. The first element is the vertex position, second is the color, and third is the uv texture. //Create vectors and put in vertices // Create vertex buffer VertexPos vertices[] = { // BACK SIDES { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,1.0)}, // 2 FRONT SIDE { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f) , D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,1.0)}, // 3 { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,2.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, // 4 { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, // 5 { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,2.0)}, // 6 {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, }; My second guess could be an error that I am receiving as I run the program. But I don't know where to begin with that. The following is the description of the error . D3D10: WARNING: ID3D10Device::Draw: Vertex Buffer at the input vertex slot 0 is not big enough for what the Draw*() call expects to traverse. This is OK, as reading off the end of the Buffer is defined to return 0. However the developer probably did not intend to make use of this behavior. [ EXECUTION WARNING #356: DEVICE_DRAW_VERTEX_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL ] Not sure what it could be. but where is my vertex layout description //Create Layout D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0 , 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 12, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"NORMAL",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 28, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"TEXCOORD",0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0 , 44, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; UINT numElements = (sizeof(layout)/sizeof(layout[0])); modelObject.numVertices = sizeof(vertices)/sizeof(VertexPos); for(int i = 0; i < modelObject.numVertices; i += 3) { D3DXVECTOR3 out; D3DXVECTOR3 v1 = vertices[0 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 v2 = vertices[1 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 v3 = vertices[2 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 u = v2 - v1; D3DXVECTOR3 v = v3 - v1; D3DXVec3Cross(&out, &u, &v); D3DXVec3Normalize(&out, &out); vertices[0 + i].normal = out; vertices[1 + i].normal = out; vertices[2 + i].normal = out; } //Create buffer desc D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc; bufferDesc.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT; bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(VertexPos) * modelObject.numVertices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; bufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA initData; initData.pSysMem = vertices; //Create the buffer HRESULT hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false;

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  • Java: how to represent graphs?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm implementing some algorithms to teach myself about graphs and how to work with them. What would you recommend is the best way to do that in Java? I was thinking something like this: public class Vertex { private ArrayList<Vertex> outnodes; //Adjacency list. if I wanted to support edge weight, this would be a hash map. //methods to manipulate outnodes } public class Graph { private ArrayList<Vertex> nodes; //algorithms on graphs } But I basically just made this up. Is there a better way? Also, I want it to be able to support variations on vanilla graphs like digraphs, weighted edges, multigraphs, etc.

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  • Low graphics performance with Intel HD graphics

    - by neil
    hey, my laptop should be capable of running some games fine but doesn't. Examples are egoboo and tome. http://www.ebuyer.com/product/237739 this is my laptop. I tried the gears test and i only get 60 FPS, on IRC they said thats a big issue and should try the forums. I am using Ubuntu 11.04 and was told I should have the newest drivers. neil@neil-K52F:~$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test --print OpenGL vendor string: Tungsten Graphics, Inc OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ironlake Mobile GEM 20100330 DEVELOPMENT OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 7.10.2 Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity supported: yes

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  • Fragment shader seems to floor() imprecisely

    - by Peter K.
    I'm trying to interpolate coordinates in my fragment shader. Unfortunately if close to the upper edge the interpolated value of fVertexInteger seems to be rounded up instead of beeing floored. This happens above approximately fVertexInteger >= x.97. Example: floor(64.7) returns 64.0 -- correct floor(64.98) returns 65.0 -- incorrect The same happens on ceiling close above x.0, where ceil(65.02) returns 65.0 instead of 66.0. Q: Any ideas how to solve this? Note: GL ES 2.0 with GLSL 1.0 highp floats are not supported in fragment shaders on my hardware flat varying hasn't been a solution, because I'm drawing TRIANGLE_STRIP and can't redeclare the provoking vertex (only OpenGL 3.2+) Fragment Shader: varying float fVertexInteger; varying float fVertexFraction; void main() { // Fix vertex integer fixedVertexInteger = floor(fVertexInteger); // Fragment color gl_FragColor = vec4( fixedVertexInteger / 65025.0, fract(fixedVertexInteger / 255.0), fVertexFraction, 1.0 ); }

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  • How do multipass shaders work in OpenGL?

    - by Boreal
    In Direct3D, multipass shaders are simple to use because you can literally define passes within a program. In OpenGL, it seems a bit more complex because it is possible to give a shader program as many vertex, geometry, and fragment shaders as you want. A popular example of a multipass shader is a toon shader. One pass does the actual cel-shading effect and the other creates the outline. If I have two vertex shaders, "cel.vert" and "outline.vert", and two fragment shaders, "cel.frag" and "outline.frag" (similar to the way you do it in HLSL), how can I combine them to create the full toon shader? I don't want you saying that a geometry shader can be used for this because I just want to know the theory behind multipass GLSL shaders ;)

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  • OpenGL's matrix stack vs Hand multiplying

    - by deft_code
    Which is more efficient using OpenGL's transformation stack or applying the transformations by hand. I've often heard that you should minimize the number of state transitions in your graphics pipeline. Pushing and popping translation matrices seem like a big change. However, I wonder if the graphics card might be able to more than make up for pipeline hiccup by using its parallel execution hardware to bulk multiply the vertices. My specific case. I have font rendered to a sprite sheet. The coordinates of each character or a string are calculated and added to a vertex buffer. Now I need to move that string. Would it be better to iterate through the vertex buffer and adjust each of the vertices by hand or temporarily push a new translation matrix?

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0: Using VBOs?

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    OpenGL VBOs (vertex buffer objects) have been developed to improve performance of OpenGL (OpenGL ES 2.0 in my case). The logic is that with the help of VBOs, the data does not need to be copied from client memory to graphics card on per frame basis. However, as I see it, the game scene changes continuously: position of objects change, their scaling and rotating change, they get animated, they explode, they get spawn or disappear. In such highly dynamic environment, such as computer game scene is, what is the point of using VBOs, if the VBOs would need to be constructed on per-frame basis anyway? Can you please help me to understand how to practically take beneif of VBOs in computer games? Can there be more vertex based VBOs (say one per one object) or there must be always exactly only one VBO present for each draw cycle?

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  • XNA `tex2Dlod` always returns transparent black

    - by feralin
    I want to sample a texture in a vertex shader, so at first I just tried using float2 texcoords = ...; color = tex2D(texture, texcoords); But apparently I cannot use tex2D in a vertex shader, and must use tex2Dlod. So then I changed the above code to color = tex2Dlod(texture, float4(texcoords, 0, 0)); But now color is always float4(0, 0, 0, 0) (i.e. transparent black). Why is this, and how can I fix it? EDIT: I know for a fact that the texture does not contain just transparent black pixels.

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  • OpenGL Performance Questions

    - by Daniel
    This subject, as with any optimisation problem, gets hit on a lot, but I just couldn't find what I (think) I want. A lot of tutorials, and even SO questions have similar tips; generally covering: Use GL face culling (the OpenGL function, not the scene logic) Only send 1 matrix to the GPU (projectionModelView combination), therefore decreasing the MVP calculations from per vertex to once per model (as it should be). Use interleaved Vertices Minimize as many GL calls as possible, batch where appropriate And possibly a few/many others. I am (for curiosity reasons) rendering 28 million triangles in my application using several vertex buffers. I have tried all the above techniques (to the best of my knowledge), and received almost no performance change. Whilst I am receiving around 40FPS in my implementation, which is by no means problematic, I am still curious as to where these optimisation 'tips' actually come into use? My CPU is idling around 20-50% during rendering, therefore I assume I am GPU bound for increasing performance. Note: I am looking into gDEBugger at the moment Cross posted at StackOverflow

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  • Efficient skeletal animation

    - by Will
    I am looking at adopting a skeletal animation format (as prompted here) for an RTS game. The individual representation of each model on-screen will be small but there will be lots of them! In skeletal animation e.g. MD5 files, each individual vertex can be attached to an arbitrary number of joints. How can you efficiently support this whilst doing the interpolation in GLSL? Or do engines do their animation on the CPU? Or do engines set arbitrary limits on maximum joints per vertex and invoke nop multiplies for those joints that don't use the maximum number? Are there games that use skeletal animation in an RTS-like setting thus proving that on integrated graphics cards I have nothing to worry about in going the bones route?

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  • "Marching cubes" voxel terrain - triplanar texturing with depth?

    - by Dan the Man
    I am currently working on a voxel terrain that uses the marching cubes algorithm for polygonizing the scalar field of voxels. I am using a triplanar texturing shader for texturing. say I have a grass texture set to the Y axis and a dirt texture for both the X and Z axes. Now, when my player digs downwards, it still appears as grass. How would I make it to appear as dirt? I have been thinking about this for a while, and the only thing I can think of to make this effect, would be to mark vertices that have been dug with a certain vertex color. When it has that vertex color, the shader would apply that dirt texture to the vertices marked. Is there a better method?

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  • What is a fast way to darken the vertices I'm rendering?

    - by Luis Cruz
    To make a lighting system for a voxel game, I need to specify a darkness value per vertex. I'm using GL_COLOR_MATERIAL and specifying a color per vertex, like this: glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glColor3f(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f); glTexCoord2f(...); glVertex3f(...); glColor3f(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f); glTexCoord2f(...); glVertex3f(...); glColor3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f); glTexCoord2f(...); glVertex3f(...); glColor3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f); glTexCoord2f(...); glVertex3f(...); glEnd(); This is working, but with many quads it is very slow.. I'm using display lists too. Any good ideas in how to make vertices darker?

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  • Separate shaders from HTML file in WebGL

    - by Chris Smith
    I'm ramping up on WebGL and was wondering what is the best way to specify my vertex and fragment shaders. Looking at some tutorials, the shaders are embedded directly in the HTML. (And referenced via an ID.) For example: <script id="shader_1-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment"> precision highp float; void main(void) { // ... } </script> <script id="shader_1-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex"> attribute vec3 aVertexPosition; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; // ... My question is, is it possible to have my shaders referenced in a separate file? (Ideally as plain text.) I presume this is straight forward in JavaScript. Is there essentially a way to do this: var shaderText = LoadRemoteFileOnSever('/shaders/shader_1.txt');

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  • 2D Skeletal Animation Transformations

    - by Brad Zeis
    I have been trying to build a 2D skeletal animation system for a while, and I believe that I'm fairly close to finishing. Currently, I have the following data structures: struct Bone { Bone *parent; int child_count; Bone **children; double x, y; }; struct Vertex { double x, y; int bone_count; Bone **bones; double *weights; }; struct Mesh { int vertex_count; Vertex **vertices; Vertex **tex_coords; } Bone->x and Bone->y are the coordinates of the end point of the Bone. The starting point is given by (bone->parent->x, bone->parent->y) or (0, 0). Each entity in the game has a Mesh, and Mesh->vertices is used as the bounding area for the entity. Mesh->tex_coords are texture coordinates. In the entity's update function, the position of the Bone is used to change the coordinates of the Vertices that are bound to it. Currently what I have is: void Mesh_update(Mesh *mesh) { int i, j; double sx, sy; for (i = 0; i < vertex_count; i++) { if (mesh->vertices[i]->bone_count == 0) { continue; } sx, sy = 0; for (j = 0; j < mesh->vertices[i]->bone_count; j++) { sx += (/* ??? */) * mesh->vertices[i]->weights[j]; sy += (/* ??? */) * mesh->vertices[i]->weights[j]; } mesh->vertices[i]->x = sx; mesh->vertices[i]->y = sy; } } I think I have everything I need, I just don't know how to apply the transformations to the final mesh coordinates. What tranformations do I need here? Or is my approach just completely wrong?

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  • Why can't I use Unity 3D on a ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4200 Series with FGLRX drivers?

    - by user88257
    With a brand new install of 12.04 on my Dell Inspiron M5030, Unity 3D appears to load everything but the icons in the top left, and I am unable to click on anything. Unity 2D seems to works fine however. I have done nothing except install Synaptic Package manager and follow this guide to install FGLRX Drivers under Settings ? Additional Drivers, the driver shows as installed and functioning. Also after running: /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p, I get this: OpenGL vendor string: ATI Technologies Inc. OpenGL renderer string: ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4200 Series OpenGL version string: 3.3.11653 Compatibility Profile Context Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: yes I am unsure as to what the problem is. I have tried the non-proprietary drivers, I could not get them to work either, but I would be willing to try again.

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  • Gnome 3 after run has graphic problems

    - by Antonis
    I have 3d accelarator but gnome still doesn't work My pc enters gnome desktop bu there i have graphic problems! Graphic problems with the top taskbar and wherever i click it, my desktop transforms into gnome clasic desktop. I am using ati radeon 4800 hd and ubuntu 11.10 Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: yes Similar report from @user26930 - ATI HD5770 graphics card - gnome-shell is affected but Unity works fine.

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  • Strange rendering in XNA/Monogame

    - by Gerhman
    I am trying to render G-Code generated for a 3d-printer as the printed product by reading the file as line segments and the drawing cylinders with the diameter of the filament around the segment. I think I have managed to do this part right because the vertex I am sending to the graphics device appear to have been processed correctly. My problem I think lies somewhere in the rendering. What basically happens is that when I start rotating my model in the X or Y axis then it renders perfectly for half of the rotation but then for the other half it has this weird effect where you start seeing through the outer filament into some of the shapes inside. This effect is the strongest with X rotations though. Here is a picture of the part of the rotation that looks correct: And here is one that looks horrible: I am still quite new to XNA and/Monogame and 3d programming as a whole. I have no idea what could possibly be causing this and even less of an idea of what this type of behavior is called. I am guessing this has something to do with rendering so have added the code for that part: protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); basicEffect.World = world; basicEffect.View = view; basicEffect.Projection = projection; basicEffect.VertexColorEnabled = true; basicEffect.EnableDefaultLighting(); GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); RasterizerState rasterizerState = new RasterizerState(); rasterizerState.CullMode = CullMode.CullClockwiseFace; rasterizerState.ScissorTestEnable = true; GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = rasterizerState; foreach (EffectPass pass in basicEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, vertexBuffer.VertexCount); } base.Draw(gameTime); } I don't know if it could be because I am shading something that does not really have a texture. I am using this custom vertex declaration I found on some tutorial that allows me to store a vertex with a position, color and normal: public struct VertexPositionColorNormal { public Vector3 Position; public Color Color; public Vector3 Normal; public readonly static VertexDeclaration VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration ( new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Position, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3, VertexElementFormat.Color, VertexElementUsage.Color, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3 + 4, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Normal, 0) ); } If any of you have ever seen this type of thing please help. Also, if you think that the problem might lay somewhere else in my code then please just request what part you would like to see in the comments section.

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  • Triangle Strips and Tangent Space Normal Mapping

    - by Koarl
    Short: Do triangle strips and Tangent Space Normal mapping go together? According to quite a lot of tutorials on bump mapping, it seems common practice to derive tangent space matrices in a vertex program and transform the light direction vector(s) to tangent space and then pass them on to a fragment program. However, if one was using triangle strips or index buffers, it is a given that the vertex buffer contains vertices that sit at border edges and would thus require more than one normal to derive tangent space matrices to interpolate between in fragment programs. Is there any reasonable way to not have duplicate vertices in your buffer and still use tangent space normal mapping? Which one do you think is better: Having normal and tangent encoded in the assets and just optimize the geometry handling to alleviate the cost of duplicate vertices or using triangle strips and computing normals/tangents completely at run time? Thinking about it, the more reasonable answer seems to be the first one, but why might my professor still be fussing about triangle strips when it seems so obvious?

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  • How do I apply skeletal animation from a .x (Direct X) file?

    - by Byte56
    Using the .x format to export a model from Blender, I can load a mesh, armature and animation. I have no problems generating the mesh and viewing models in game. Additionally, I have animations and the armature properly loaded into appropriate data structures. My problem is properly applying the animation to the models. I have the framework for applying the models and the code for selecting animations and stepping through frames. From what I understand, the AnimationKeys inside the AnimationSet supplies the transformations to transform the bind pose to the pose in the animated frame. As small example: Animation { {Armature_001_Bone} AnimationKey { 2; //Position 121; //number of frames 0;3; 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000;;, 1;3; 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.005524;;, 2;3; 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.022217;;, ... } AnimationKey { 0; //Quaternion Rotation 121; 0;4; -0.707107, 0.707107, 0.000000, 0.000000;;, 1;4; -0.697332, 0.697332, 0.015710, 0.015710;;, 2;4; -0.684805, 0.684805, 0.035442, 0.035442;;, ... } AnimationKey { 1; //Scale 121; 0;3; 1.000000, 1.000000, 1.000000;;, 1;3; 1.000000, 1.000000, 1.000000;;, 2;3; 1.000000, 1.000000, 1.000000;;, ... } } So, to apply frame 2, I would take the position, rotation and scale from frame 2, create a transformation matrix (call it Transform_A) from them and apply that matrix the vertices controlled by Armature_001_Bone at their weights. So I'd stuff TransformA into my shader and transform the vertex. Something like: vertexPos = vertexPos * bones[ int(bfs_BoneIndices.x) ] * bfs_BoneWeights.x; Where bfs_BoneIndices and bfs_BoneWeights are values specific to the current vertex. When loading in the mesh vertices, I transform them by the rootTransform and the meshTransform. This ensures they're oriented and scaled correctly for viewing the bind pose. The problem is when I create that transformation matrix (using the position, rotation and scale from the animation), it doesn't properly transform the vertex. There's likely more to it than just using the animation data. I also tried applying the bone transform hierarchies, still no dice. Basically I end up with some twisted models. It should also be noted that I'm working in openGL, so any matrix transposes that might need to be applied should be considered. What data do I need and how do I combine it for applying .x animations to models?

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  • When can I be sure a directed graph is acyclic?

    - by Daniel Scocco
    The definition for directed acyclic graph is this: "there is no way to start at some vertex v and follow a sequence of edges that eventually loops back to v again." So far so good, but I am trying to find some premises that will be simpler to test and that will also guarantee the graph is acyclic. I came up with those premises, but they are pretty basic so I am sure other people figured it out in the past (or they are incorrect). The problem is I couldn't find anything related on books/online, hence why I decided to post this question. Premise 1: If all vertices of the graph have an incoming edge, then the graph can't be acyclic. Is this correct? Premise 2: Assume the graph in question does have one vertex with no incoming edges. In this case, in order to have a cycle, at least one of the other vertices would need to have two or more incoming edges. Is this correct?

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  • nVidia GeForce Go 7600? can it ever run unity?

    - by Khaled Musleh
    my laptop Toshiba Qosmio G30 has nVidia GeForce Go 7600 card and it suppose to support 3D . i run unity 2d now . I run 12.04 and the graphic driver is--VESA: G73 Board - toshg73m-- by UBUNTU. when i run /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p then i get this list Not software rendered: no Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: no the card is not blacklisted but a similar one with GT is! Do you think that there is a chance the laptop can run the unity 3d? and may be i could change the resolution of the screen to a higher one too! I tried all the nvidia drivers provided but none works (except 96 in ubuntu 12.04 ). i get a black screen or terminal screen. best wishes to all

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  • Correct use of VAO's in OpenGL ES2 for iOS?

    - by sak
    I'm migrating to OpenGL ES2 for one of my iOS projects, and I'm having trouble to get any geometry to render successfully. Here's where I'm setting up the VAO rendering: void bindVAO(int vertexCount, struct Vertex* vertexData, GLushort* indexData, GLuint* vaoId, GLuint* indexId){ //generate the VAO & bind glGenVertexArraysOES(1, vaoId); glBindVertexArrayOES(*vaoId); GLuint positionBufferId; //generate the VBO & bind glGenBuffers(1, &positionBufferId); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBufferId); //populate the buffer data glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexCount, vertexData, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //size of verte position GLsizei posTypeSize = sizeof(kPositionVertexType); glVertexAttribPointer(kVertexPositionAttributeLocation, kVertexSize, kPositionVertexTypeEnum, GL_FALSE, sizeof(struct Vertex), (void*)offsetof(struct Vertex, position)); glEnableVertexAttribArray(kVertexPositionAttributeLocation); //create & bind index information glGenBuffers(1, indexId); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, *indexId); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexCount, indexData, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //restore default state glBindVertexArrayOES(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); } And here's the rendering step: //bind the frame buffer for drawing glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, outputFrameBuffer); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); //use the shader program glUseProgram(program); glClearColor(0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.5); float aspect = fabsf(320.0 / 480.0); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); GLKMatrix4 mvpMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); //glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, projectionMatrix.m); glUniformMatrix4fv(modelViewMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, mvpMatrix.m); glBindVertexArrayOES(vaoId); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, kVertexCount, GL_FLOAT, &indexId); //bind the color buffer glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, colorRenderBuffer); [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER]; The screen is rendering the color passed to glClearColor correctly, but not the shape passed into bindVAO. Is my VAO being built correctly? Thanks!

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  • OpenGL 3 and the Radeon HD 4850x2

    - by rotard
    A while ago, I picked up a copy of the OpenGL SuperBible fifth edition and slowly and painfully started teaching myself OpenGL the 3.3 way, after having been used to the 1.0 way from school way back when. Making things more challenging, I am primarily a .NET developer, so I was working in Mono with the OpenTK OpenGL wrapper. On my laptop, I put together a program that let the user walk around a simple landscape using a couple shaders that implemented per-vertex coloring and lighting and texture mapping. Everything was working brilliantly until I ran the same program on my desktop. Disaster! Nothing would render! I have chopped my program down to the point where the camera sits near the origin, pointing at the origin, and renders a square (technically, a triangle fan). The quad renders perfectly on my laptop, coloring, lighting, texturing and all, but the desktop renders a small distorted non-square quadrilateral that is colored incorrectly, not affected by the lights, and not textured. I suspect the graphics card is at fault, because I get the same result whether I am booted into Ubuntu 10.10 or Win XP. I did find that if I pare the vertex shader down to ONLY outputting the positional data and the fragment shader to ONLY outputting a solid color (white) the quad renders correctly. But as SOON as I start passing in color data (whether or not I use it in the fragment shader) the output from the vertex shader is distorted again. The shaders follow. I left the pre-existing code in, but commented out so you can get an idea what I was trying to do. I'm a noob at glsl so the code could probably be a lot better. My laptop is an old lenovo T61p with a Centrino (Core 2) Duo and an nVidia Quadro graphics card running Ubuntu 10.10 My desktop has an i7 with a Radeon HD 4850 x2 (single card, dual GPU) from Saphire dual booting into Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows XP. The problem occurs in both XP and Ubuntu. Can anyone see something wrong that I am missing? What is "special" about my HD 4850x2? string vertexShaderSource = @" #version 330 precision highp float; uniform mat4 projection_matrix; uniform mat4 modelview_matrix; //uniform mat4 normal_matrix; //uniform mat4 cmv_matrix; //Camera modelview. Light sources are transformed by this matrix. //uniform vec3 ambient_color; //uniform vec3 diffuse_color; //uniform vec3 diffuse_direction; in vec4 in_position; in vec4 in_color; //in vec3 in_normal; //in vec3 in_tex_coords; out vec4 varyingColor; //out vec3 varyingTexCoords; void main(void) { //Get surface normal in eye coordinates //vec4 vEyeNormal = normal_matrix * vec4(in_normal, 0); //Get vertex position in eye coordinates //vec4 vPosition4 = modelview_matrix * vec4(in_position, 0); //vec3 vPosition3 = vPosition4.xyz / vPosition4.w; //Get vector to light source in eye coordinates //vec3 lightVecNormalized = normalize(diffuse_direction); //vec3 vLightDir = normalize((cmv_matrix * vec4(lightVecNormalized, 0)).xyz); //Dot product gives us diffuse intensity //float diff = max(0.0, dot(vEyeNormal.xyz, vLightDir.xyz)); //Multiply intensity by diffuse color, force alpha to 1.0 //varyingColor.xyz = in_color * diff * diffuse_color.xyz; varyingColor = in_color; //varyingTexCoords = in_tex_coords; gl_Position = projection_matrix * modelview_matrix * in_position; }"; string fragmentShaderSource = @" #version 330 //#extension GL_EXT_gpu_shader4 : enable precision highp float; //uniform sampler2DArray colorMap; //in vec4 varyingColor; //in vec3 varyingTexCoords; out vec4 out_frag_color; void main(void) { out_frag_color = vec4(1,1,1,1); //out_frag_color = varyingColor; //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture(colorMap, varyingTexCoords.st); //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture(colorMap, vec3(varyingTexCoords.st, 0)); //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture2DArray(colorMap, varyingTexCoords); }"; Note that in this code the color data is accepted but not actually used. The geometry is outputted the same (wrong) whether the fragment shader uses varyingColor or not. Only if I comment out the line varyingColor = in_color; does the geometry output correctly. Originally the shaders took in vec3 inputs, I only modified them to take vec4s while troubleshooting.

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