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• Ways to setup a ZFS pool on a device without possibility to create/manage partitions?

  - by Karl Richter

  I have a NAS where I don't have a possibility to create and manage partitions (maybe I could with some hacks that I don't want to make). What ways to setup multiple ZFS pools with one partition each (for starters - just want to use deduplication) exist? The setup should work with the NAS, i.e. over network (I'd mount the images via NFS or cifs). My ideas and associated issues so far: sparse files mounted over loop device (specifying sparse file directly as ZFS vdev doesn't work, see Can I choose a sparse file as vdev for a zfs pool?): problem that the name/number of the assigned loop device is anything but constant, not sure how increasing the number loop device with kernel parameter affects performance (there has to be a reason to limit it to 8 in the default value, right?)

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• ubuntu boots into gnu grub 1.99

  - by greenish

  I've tried set root=(hd0,2) chainloader +1 boot set root=(hd0,2) linux /boot/vmlinuz... and the loopback (loop0) /ubuntu/disks/root.disk command etc. When I try the boot command it tells me there's no kernel and when I boot Win7 (it's a dual boot) the root.disk says 0kb. nothing boots from the live usb I've made and I've tried to use programs to mount the partitions to no effect - they only show me what's on my windows file drives. I've got some really important docs on the linux harddrive I need to get to. any ideas?

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• Change MacOS X guest screen resolution for VirtualBox

  - by Pymoo

  I have tried all alternatives and resources that I found on internet to achieve to change screen resolution in my MacOS X guest. I have the latest VirtualBox version (4.1.22) and I have MacOS X 10.6.3 Snow Leopard running in a vm guest. Some solutions that don't work for me are: Tuning virtual machine settings: Adding and in the .vbox file, or running these two commands: vboxmanage setextradata "MAC OS X" "CustomVideoMode1" "1360x768x32" vboxmanage setextradata "MAC OS X" "GUI/CustomVideoMode1" "1360x768x32" Editing Guest OS boot configuration: Modify /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.boot.plist with these lines: <key>Kernel Flags</key> <string>"Graphics Mode"="1360x768x32"</string> <key>Graphics Mode</key> <string>1360x768x32</string> Any other suggestion, something that I was missing. Thanks in advance,

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• VPN PPTPD with MPPE Support for Debian or Ubuntu

  - by user78395

  Having an unencrypted vpn connection from a windows client to linux is pretty easy by using pptpd. When I was looking for an solution for encrypted (per MPPE) connection, I found a lot of information about patching the kernel etc. - so it definitly works after some work. But all these information is pretty old (2005-2006). Is it the same solution nowadays? I am not asking for a complete instruction (only if it's short) - I am more asking for a link to the right solution.

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• writting becomes slow after few writes

  - by user1566277

  I am running an embedded Linux on arm with a SD-Card. While writing huge amounts of data I see bizarre effects. E.g, when I dd a 15 MB file few times, it writes the file (normally) in less than 2 Secs. But After lets say 3-4 times it takes sometimes 15 to 30 Seconds to write the same file. If I sync after writing the file, then this does not happen but sync takes long time too. If there is enough gap between writing two files than presumably kernel syncs itself. How can I optimize the whole performance so that write should always finish inside 2 Seconds. The File system I am using is ext3. Any pointers?

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• MPICH2 vs KERRYGHED

  - by user40135

  Hi All right now I am moving first steps in clustering. I installed MPICH2 on my Ubuntu at home and I have a silly question about it. For what I am reading right now it seems that it provides the capability of sending processes to other pcs. I went for this lib just because I set it up very quickly and easily. Compared to MPICH2 , do you know what is the advantage of having a different clustering system like KERRYGHED? It seems that these ones also provide this capability, but the Kernel must be rebuild, so I suppose that it is going to be faster. What other advantages are remarkable for a clustering system like this? Thanks

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• How to find dom0 name from hosted domU

  - by svigan

  I'm actually testing RHEL 5.3 with Xen between two servers in order to have a disaster recovery solution. So I'm playing with moving my domU from one dom0 server to the other server. Unfortunatly when somebody else move the domU I don't have any clue where my domain is hosted. I'm wondering where I can't find my dom0 name with inside domU. I'm looking for something like the gzonename command on a solaris sparse zone. I check inside /proc/xen but I don't see anything special except the dom0 kernel release. Does anybody know a wait to find this ?

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• How do I configure a swap partition using swapspace

  - by jcalfee314

  I finally have the swapspace project installed and running (via init.d). The purpose is to have a dynamically re-sizing swap partition. I'm clueless however on how to use it. It has good documentation but just does not go into that last step. How to I configure a swap partition using swapspace? The process is probably the same for any 3rd party program that would provide a swap space implementation to the kernel. I know this was intended to run as a process because the project provides an init.d script.

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• Top causes of slow ssh logins

  - by Peter Lyons

  I'd love for one of you smart and helpful folks to post a list of common causes of delays during an ssh login. Specifically, there are 2 spots where I see a range from instantaneous to multi-second delays. Between issuing the ssh command and getting a login prompt and between entering the passphrase and having the shell load Now, specifically I'm looking at ssh details only here. Obviously network latency, speed of the hardware and OSes involved, complex login scripts, etc can cause delays. For context I ssh to a vast multitude of linux distributions and some Solaris hosts using mostly Ubuntu, CentOS, and MacOS X as my client systems. Almost all of the time, the ssh server configuration is unchanged from the OS's default settings. What ssh server configurations should I be interested in? Are there OS/kernel parameters that can be tuned? Login shell tricks? Etc?

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• Bringing the xenbr0 interface up on XEN under Ubuntu 8.04

  - by iyl

  I installed XEN on Ubuntu 8.04 using this tutorial: http://www.howtoforge.com/ubuntu-8.04-server-install-xen-from-ubuntu-repositories but after I reboot with the XEN kernel, I don't have xenbr0 device. I see that network-bridge script runs and it creates peth0 device, but not xenbr0. I have a very basic IP setup, with a single static IP defined in /etc/network/interfaces. The only unusual thing is that my hosting (1&1) gave me a netmask 255.255.255.255, so I had to add the default gateway with this script: /sbin/route add -host 10.255.255.1 dev eth0 /sbin/route add default gw 10.255.255.1 Everything else is plain vanilla Ubuntu 8.04.

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• Bonding and default gateway problem (CentOS)

  - by lg

  I configured network bonding on two machine with centos 5.5. Bonding works well, but the problem is default gateway: it is not configured! I follow this tutorial. I added GATEWAY in both (and either) /etc/sysconfig/network and /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0. But, when I restart network (or server) there is no default gateway (route command). This is ip route ls output after network restart: 10.0.0.0/16 dev bond0 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.88 Where is my mistake?

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• Where does Exchange 2010 store the STM file, does it even still use it?

  - by RichieACC

  Our domain controller died, with no hope of recovering anything. The AD backup died with it. Due to no longer having a DC, our Exchange is unable to start. I'm trying to use "Kernel for Exchange Server" to recover the mails that are in the mailbox store. I've found the .edb file, but the .stm file is nowhere on the machine. Does Exchange 2010 still use the .edb & .stm files, or is there a new store format? If not, where will the .stm file be hiding?

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• Linux QoS (Skype / BitTorent / SIP / HTTP priority)

  - by Andre

  We are configuring a linux box that will act as internet gateway for an office of 30-50 computers. We are using iptables/HTB for traffic shaping. Is there a way to match traffic on L7 level? It's easy to identify traffic by TCP/UDP ports (like SIP and HTTP). But what if we are dealing with Skype & BitTorent? It was surprise for me that there is no powerful and matured sulution for tasks like this. I found only l7-filter (http://l7-filter.clearfoundation.com/) patch for the Linux kernel, but it's no longer supported (it seems to). Moreover it couldn't be compiled with modern Linux kernels. The only option I found was to use a Cisco router. Are there other ways to identify and shape Skype and Bittorent traffic?

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• ionice idle is ignored

  - by Ferran Basora

  I have been testing the ionice command for a while and the idle (3) mode seems to be ignored in most cases. My test is to run both command at the same time: du <big folder> ionice -c 3 du <another big folder> If I check both process in iotop I see no difference in the percentage of io utilization for each process. To provide more information about the CFQ scheduler I'm using a 3.5.0 linux kernel. I started doing this test because I'm experimenting a system lag each time a daily cron job updatedb.mlocate is executed in my Ubuntu 12.10 machine. If you check the /etc/cron.daily/mlocate file you realize that the command is executed like: /usr/bin/ionice -c3 /usr/bin/updatedb.mlocate Also, the funny thing is that whenever my system for some reason starts using swap memory, the updatedb.mlocate io process is been scheduled faster than kswapd0 process, and then my system gets stuck. Some suggestion? References: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1243951&page=2 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/findutils/+bug/332790

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• Doing "text mode 'splash' game" during boot.

  - by Vi

  Sometimes I want to do something (for example, playing a simple text-mode game) while the system is booting up. This is especially useful when lengthy reiserfs transaction replays are happening. Current hacky way of doing it is: Put the program on initramfs. Before running /sbin/init, "openvt 2 /my/program". Turn off messages from kernel (sysrq 0) Override /dev/console with /dev/null (to prevent boot messages). The problems are: There are STILL some messages interfering with program output. I can't see boot messages by switching to that virtual terminal back. After finishing the boot sequence, /dev/tty2 ends up being attached both to getty and my program. How to do it properly without of running graphical splashes? The system is Linux Debian Squeeze, no dependency based sysv scripts.

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• Looking for a VPN server that fits my needs

  - by BCS

  This question (and some more research) has revealed that OpenVPN isn't for me. So, what are my other options? In particular things I need/want (most important first) are: A server daemon that runs on Linux without kernel modules Clients work from behind NATs and Firewalls. Free/FOSS Support for PPTP, L2TP or L2TP/IPSec PSK/CRT A architecture that makes all accesses equal: if the server is to have access to the VPN, then it must be a client. Just like everyone else. Minimal configuration/state. The first 3 are must haves and the last is a nice to have. The rest I could live without, but then again I could also live with nothing.

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• What sort of things can cause a whole system to appear to hang for 100s-1000s of milliseconds?

  - by Ogapo

  I am working on a Windows game and while rendering, some computers will experience intermittent pauses ("hitches" for lack of a better term). When profiled they appear in seemingly random places in the code. Eventually I noticed that it wasn't just my process that was affected, but (seemingly) every process on the system. All of the threads in my application hitch at once. The CPU utilization drops during these hitches and it appears as if most processes make no progress. This leads me to believe this may be an Operating System or Driver issue, but it only occurs while playing the game (and only on some systems). What sort of operations might the operating system be doing that would require the kernel to pause all user threads and block. Some kind of I/O? At first I thought of paging but my impression is that would only affect a single process, no? Some systems in use: Windows, DirectX (3d), nVidia cards (unknown if replicates on ATI), using overlapped io for streaming

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• Migrating a running production server to Xen, unmodified as a second HDD?

  - by DaveCol

  I have a production server which I am looking to virtualize via XEN. For this purpose I have purchased a new Sata HDD, in which I have promptly installed CentOS 5.5 x64 with XEN server installed. Now I have two HDD: /dev/sda1 running as host with Xen Server Installed; and /dev/sda2 which is the HDD where the original server has installed. Is it posible to use /dev/sda2 to work as GuestOS in a xen server? Would I have to modify its kernel? Thank you for any input

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• Ubuntu stops auto-mounting flash drive

  - by Brian

  It seems that after being up for a few days, my Ubuntu system refuses to auto-mount hot-plugged USB disks (i.e. flash drives). The output from dmesg shows that the kernel recognizes the device correctly. The only solution I'm aware of at the moment is to reboot (logging out may work as well, but the impact is the same since I have a bunch of stuff open and it takes a few minutes to get everything situated after startup/login). I thought gvfs-fuse-daemon was the thing responsible for managing filesystems in userspace, but killing and restarting that doesn't help. Any other ideas?

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• How to compile gcc-4.0 on Mountain Lion

  - by Frizlab

  So far I've successfully launched the configure, but when I type make, I get the following error, after some time (there's a lot which compile successfully): ld: unknown/unsupported architecture name for: -arch i686 /usr/bin/libtool: internal link edit command failed make[2]: *** [libgcc_s.dylib] Error 1 make[1]: *** [libgcc.a] Error 2 make: *** [all-gcc] Error 2 Is there a way to tell gcc not to compile itself for the i686 architecture? Here's my uname -a if it can help: Darwin Frizlabs-Computer.local 12.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 12.2.0: Sat Aug 25 00:48:52 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2050.18.24~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64 PS: I know gcc-4.0 is ancient, but I do need it.

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• Boost Up My Old Laptop Using a SSD

  - by Sina Bizbone

  I have an old laptop Lenovo SL400 (Core2Due T9550 2.66GHz / 4GB DDR2 Ram). Since I can't afford to buy a new laptop, I thought maybe I could throw an ADATA SP600 64GB SSD as primary drive and move my current HDD to DVD-ROM space by using HDDCADDY. I know that 64gb will come short after installing Visual Studio, SQL Server, etc. So is there anyway to just install the kernel part of windows on SSD and the rest on HDD. Doesn't windows have built-in support to do this? (ReadyBoost is out of picture since it's just simple caching)

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• nfs mount fails in Ubuntu 10, but not with -v

  - by stuartreynolds

  (1) mount -t nfs remotehost:/remotedir localmountpoint -o owner,rw (2) mount -v -t nfs remotehost:/remotedir localmountpoint -o owner,rw (1) Used to work with Ubuntu 9 and now fails with Ubuntu 10 (2.6.32-21-generic kernel) with the error: mount.nfs: an incorrect mount option was specified Strangely, adding -v (verbose) in (2) makes the problem go away. This is currently a blocker for me because the fstab line: remotehost:/remotedir localmountpoint nfs owner,rw 0 0 causes the same error (I don't believe I can specify verbose in fstab). Is this a bug in mount or my options really incorrect?

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• Multiple network interfaces and UDP packets distribution

  - by Robert Kubrick

  I have a Linux server with 2 1Gb network interfaces eth1 and eth2. If I start 2 clients listening to the same multicast address and each client connects through a different NIC (say client 1 listens to the multicast through eth1 and client 2 through eth2), then client 2 gets duplicate UDP packets. If both clients use the same interface eth1 on the other hand, both clients work fine. I have already tried to set arp_filter and proxy_arp to 1 (arp flux issue) but it hasn't solved the issue. Is this a Linux kernel problem? Or is there another way to setup the interfaces correctly?

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• ubuntu 9.10 on an external usb drive: grub1 does not work

  - by Toc

  I have installed Ubuntu on a partition of my external usb drive. Since I had problems with grub2, I have uninstalled it and installed grub1. But then the usb drive didn't boot anymore, and I am forced to the limited shell of grub1. If I write manually kernel (hd0,4)/vmlinuz-2.6.31-15-generic root=/dev/sdb4 ro quiet splash initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-15-generic boot then Ubuntu is loaded, but if I execute the commands root (hd0,4) setup (hd0) as explained at http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/html_node/Installing-GRUB-natively.html#Installing-GRUB-natively, next time I boot from usb I am forced again to the grub limited shell. How can I restore a working grub?

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• Lock manager stops responding (lockd/nfslock), but shows as running

  - by dwaynehoov

  Essentially, lock manager stops responding (lockd/nfslock), but shows as running as a kernel process. If I bounce portmap and nfslock, it has no effect. Doesn't show up in the portmapper registered services rpcinfo -p .. doesn't show nlockmgr. it just shows portmapper and status If I manually remount the drives, it fixes the issue. I'm assuming that the service (lockd) goes stale or hangs when there is no NFS activity? It seems like issuing a mount for NFS volumes "awakens" it and things work once that happens. Please help me nail this down for point me to somewhere to get more information on what might be happening. System info: Linux xxx.yyy.com 2.6.32-300.38.1.el5uek #1 SMP Thu Oct 18 11:51:13 PDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga) cat /etc/oracle-release Oracle Linux Server release 5.8 Thanks

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