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• Trouble with a query

  - by Mark Allison

  Hi there, I'm having trouble with a query in SQL Server 2008 on some forex trading data. I have a trades table and an orders table. A trade needs to comprise of 2 or more orders. DDL schema and sample data below. What I want to do is write a query that shows the profit/loss in pips for each trade. A pip is 1/1000th of a currency. So the difference between USD 1.3441 and 1.3442 is 1 pip in forex-speak. A trade usually has one entry order and multiple exit orders. So for example if I buy 3 lots of the currency pair GBP/USD at the exchange rate of 1.6100 and then sell 1 lot at 1.6150, 1 lot at 1.6200 and 1 lot at 1.6250 then the profit is (1.6150 - 1.6100) + (1.6200 - 1.6100) + (1.6250 - 1.6100), or 50 + 100 + 150 = 300 pips profit. The trade could also go the other way (Shorting). For example the currency pair can be sold first before it's bought back later at a cheaper price. I would like a query that returns the following: tradeId, currencyPair, profitInPips It seems like a pretty straightforward query, but it's eluding me right now. Here's my DDL and sample data: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[trades]( [tradeId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [currencyPair] [char](6) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_trades] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [tradeId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[trades] ON INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (1, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (2, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (3, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (4, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (5, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (6, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (7, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (8, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (9, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (10, N'GBPUSD') SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[trades] OFF GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[orders]( [orderId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [tradeId] [int] NOT NULL, [amount] [decimal](18, 1) NOT NULL, [buySell] [char](1) NOT NULL, [rate] [decimal](18, 6) NOT NULL, [orderDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_orders] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [orderId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[orders] ON INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (1, 1, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.606500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF40083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (2, 1, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.615500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF400A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (3, 2, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.608000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF500000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (4, 2, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.603000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF50083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (5, 2, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.605500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF50107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (6, 3, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.595500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF70083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (7, 3, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.590500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF700C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (8, 3, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.594500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF701499700 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (9, 4, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.611000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFB0083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (10, 4, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.616000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFB00A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (11, 4, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.611500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFB0107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (12, 5, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.613000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFC0083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (13, 5, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.618000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFC0107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (14, 5, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.623000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFC0083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (15, 5, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.628000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFD00C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (16, 6, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.632000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D020083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (17, 6, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.637000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0200A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (18, 6, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.630000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0200C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (19, 7, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.634500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0201499700 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (20, 7, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.639500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0300000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (21, 7, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.644500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D030083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (22, 7, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.637500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0300C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (23, 8, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.625000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0400C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (24, 8, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.620000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D050083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (25, 8, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.615000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0500A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (26, 8, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.623000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D050107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (27, 9, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.618000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0600C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (28, 9, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.613000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0600D63BC0 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (29, 9, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.608000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0600E6B680 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (30, 9, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.613300 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0601391C40 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (31, 10, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.614500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D090083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (32, 10, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.619500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D090107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (33, 10, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.624500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0901499700 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (34, 10, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.619000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0A0083D600 AS DateTime)) SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[orders] OFF /****** Object: ForeignKey [FK_orders_trades] Script Date: 04/02/2010 15:05:31 ******/ ALTER TABLE [dbo].[orders] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_orders_trades] FOREIGN KEY([tradeId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[orders] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_orders_trades] GO Thanks in advance for any help!

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• Implementing an async "read all currently available data from stream" operation

  - by Jon

  I recently provided an answer to this question: C# - Realtime console output redirection. As often happens, explaining stuff (here "stuff" was how I tackled a similar problem) leads you to greater understanding and/or, as is the case here, "oops" moments. I realized that my solution, as implemented, has a bug. The bug has little practical importance, but it has an extremely large importance to me as a developer: I can't rest easy knowing that my code has the potential to blow up. Squashing the bug is the purpose of this question. I apologize for the long intro, so let's get dirty. I wanted to build a class that allows me to receive input from a console's standard output Stream. Console output streams are of type FileStream; the implementation can cast to that, if needed. There is also an associated StreamReader already present to leverage. There is only one thing I need to implement in this class to achieve my desired functionality: an async "read all the data available this moment" operation. Reading to the end of the stream is not viable because the stream will not end unless the process closes the console output handle, and it will not do that because it is interactive and expecting input before continuing. I will be using that hypothetical async operation to implement event-based notification, which will be more convenient for my callers. The public interface of the class is this: public class ConsoleAutomator { public event EventHandler<ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs> StandardOutputRead; public void StartSendingEvents(); public void StopSendingEvents(); } StartSendingEvents and StopSendingEvents do what they advertise; for the purposes of this discussion, we can assume that events are always being sent without loss of generality. The class uses these two fields internally: protected readonly StringBuilder inputAccumulator = new StringBuilder(); protected readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; The functionality of the class is implemented in the methods below. To get the ball rolling: public void StartSendingEvents(); { this.stopAutomation = false; this.BeginReadAsync(); } To read data out of the Stream without blocking, and also without requiring a carriage return char, BeginRead is called: protected void BeginReadAsync() { if (!this.stopAutomation) { this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.BeginRead( this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.Length, this.ReadHappened, null); } } The challenging part: BeginRead requires using a buffer. This means that when reading from the stream, it is possible that the bytes available to read ("incoming chunk") are larger than the buffer. Remember that the goal here is to read all of the chunk and call event subscribers exactly once for each chunk. To this end, if the buffer is full after EndRead, we don't send its contents to subscribers immediately but instead append them to a StringBuilder. The contents of the StringBuilder are only sent back whenever there is no more to read from the stream. private void ReadHappened(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { var bytesRead = this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.EndRead(asyncResult); if (bytesRead == 0) { this.OnAutomationStopped(); return; } var input = this.StandardOutput.CurrentEncoding.GetString( this.buffer, 0, bytesRead); this.inputAccumulator.Append(input); if (bytesRead < this.buffer.Length) { this.OnInputRead(); // only send back if we 're sure we got it all } this.BeginReadAsync(); // continue "looping" with BeginRead } After any read which is not enough to fill the buffer (in which case we know that there was no more data to be read during the last read operation), all accumulated data is sent to the subscribers: private void OnInputRead() { var handler = this.StandardOutputRead; if (handler == null) { return; } handler(this, new ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs(this.inputAccumulator.ToString())); this.inputAccumulator.Clear(); } (I know that as long as there are no subscribers the data gets accumulated forever. This is a deliberate decision). The good This scheme works almost perfectly: Async functionality without spawning any threads Very convenient to the calling code (just subscribe to an event) Never more than one event for each time data is available to be read Is almost agnostic to the buffer size The bad That last almost is a very big one. Consider what happens when there is an incoming chunk with length exactly equal to the size of the buffer. The chunk will be read and buffered, but the event will not be triggered. This will be followed up by a BeginRead that expects to find more data belonging to the current chunk in order to send it back all in one piece, but... there will be no more data in the stream. In fact, as long as data is put into the stream in chunks with length exactly equal to the buffer size, the data will be buffered and the event will never be triggered. This scenario may be highly unlikely to occur in practice, especially since we can pick any number for the buffer size, but the problem is there. Solution? Unfortunately, after checking the available methods on FileStream and StreamReader, I can't find anything which lets me peek into the stream while also allowing async methods to be used on it. One "solution" would be to have a thread wait on a ManualResetEvent after the "buffer filled" condition is detected. If the event is not signaled (by the async callback) in a small amount of time, then more data from the stream will not be forthcoming and the data accumulated so far should be sent to subscribers. However, this introduces the need for another thread, requires thread synchronization, and is plain inelegant. Specifying a timeout for BeginRead would also suffice (call back into my code every now and then so I can check if there's data to be sent back; most of the time there will not be anything to do, so I expect the performance hit to be negligible). But it looks like timeouts are not supported in FileStream. Since I imagine that async calls with timeouts are an option in bare Win32, another approach might be to PInvoke the hell out of the problem. But this is also undesirable as it will introduce complexity and simply be a pain to code. Is there an elegant way to get around the problem? Thanks for being patient enough to read all of this. Update: I definitely did not communicate the scenario well in my initial writeup. I have since revised the writeup quite a bit, but to be extra sure: The question is about how to implement an async "read all the data available this moment" operation. My apologies to the people who took the time to read and answer without me making my intent clear enough.

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• IntellIJ editor doesn't appear

  - by neveu

  I updated my IntellIJ install to the latest version (11.1.4) and now the Editor window doesn't appear. Double-clicking on the file, jump-to-source, nothing happens. No error message, it just doesn't appear. If I double-click on an xml layout file the preview window works, but no Editor window. Have installed and reinstalled; went back to an earlier version and it doesn't work there either. I'm at a loss. Any ideas? Update: Editor works if I create a new project. Update 2: idea.log file includes this (I don't know what ins.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData is): 2012-11-04 20:40:52,481 [ 2677] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/macros.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:52,481 [ 2677] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/macros.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:52,482 [ 2678] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/quicklists.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:52,482 [ 2678] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/quicklists.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:52,564 [ 2760] INFO - pl.stores.ApplicationStoreImpl - 76 application components initialized in 1285 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:52,575 [ 2771] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/customization.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:52,575 [ 2771] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/customization.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:52,674 [ 2870] INFO - ij.openapi.wm.impl.IdeRootPane - App initialization took 3385 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:53,136 [ 3332] INFO - TestNG Runner - Create TestNG Template Configuration 2012-11-04 20:40:53,138 [ 3334] INFO - TestNG Runner - Create TestNG Template Configuration 2012-11-04 20:40:53,253 [ 3449] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/dynamic.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:53,253 [ 3449] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/dynamic.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:53,280 [ 3476] INFO - api.vfs.impl.local.FileWatcher - 1 paths checked, 0 mapped, 202 mks 2012-11-04 20:40:53,366 [ 3562] INFO - ellij.project.impl.ProjectImpl - 137 project components initialized in 403 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:53,563 [ 3759] INFO - .module.impl.ModuleManagerImpl - 4 modules loaded in 197 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:53,625 [ 3821] INFO - api.vfs.impl.local.FileWatcher - 6 paths checked, 0 mapped, 150 mks 2012-11-04 20:40:54,187 [ 4383] INFO - .roots.impl.DirectoryIndexImpl - Directory index initialized in 271 ms, indexed 1611 directories 2012-11-04 20:40:54,207 [ 4403] INFO - pl.PushedFilePropertiesUpdater - File properties pushed in 18 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:54,237 [ 4433] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/plainTextFiles.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:54,237 [ 4433] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/plainTextFiles.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:54,246 [ 4442] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/gant_config.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:54,246 [ 4442] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/gant_config.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:54,253 [ 4449] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/gradle.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:54,253 [ 4449] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/gradle.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:55,855 [ 6051] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/IntelliLang.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:55,855 [ 6051] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/IntelliLang.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:56,995 [ 7191] INFO - leEditor.impl.EditorsSplitters - splitter 2012-11-04 20:40:56,996 [ 7192] INFO - leEditor.impl.EditorsSplitters - splitter 2012-11-04 20:40:57,233 [ 7429] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/codeStyleSettings.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:57,233 [ 7429] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/codeStyleSettings.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:57,234 [ 7430] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/projectCodeStyle.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:57,234 [ 7430] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/projectCodeStyle.xml 2012-11-04 20:40:58,145 [ 8341] INFO - indexing.UnindexedFilesUpdater - Indexable files iterated in 3911 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:58,146 [ 8342] INFO - indexing.UnindexedFilesUpdater - Unindexed files update started: 0 files to update 2012-11-04 20:40:58,146 [ 8342] INFO - indexing.UnindexedFilesUpdater - Unindexed files update done in 0 ms 2012-11-04 20:40:58,362 [ 8558] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/fileColors.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:40:58,362 [ 8558] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR$/fileColors.xml 2012-11-04 20:41:00,420 [ 10616] INFO - ins.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData - For input string: "20.0.1" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "20.0.1" at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:48) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:458) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:499) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData.parsePackageRevision(AndroidSdkData.java:86) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData.<init>(AndroidSdkData.java:73) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData.parse(AndroidSdkData.java:167) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidPlatform.parse(AndroidPlatform.java:83) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkAdditionalData.getAndroidPlatform(AndroidSdkAdditionalData.java:119) at org.jetbrains.android.facet.AndroidFacet.addResourceFolderToSdkRootsIfNecessary(AndroidFacet.java:532) at org.jetbrains.android.facet.AndroidFacet.access$500(AndroidFacet.java:103) at org.jetbrains.android.facet.AndroidFacet$3.run(AndroidFacet.java:440) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl$6.run(StartupManagerImpl.java:230) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl.runActivities(StartupManagerImpl.java:203) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl.access$100(StartupManagerImpl.java:41) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl$4.run(StartupManagerImpl.java:170) at com.intellij.openapi.project.DumbServiceImpl.updateFinished(DumbServiceImpl.java:213) at com.intellij.openapi.project.DumbServiceImpl.access$1000(DumbServiceImpl.java:51) at com.intellij.openapi.project.DumbServiceImpl$IndexUpdateRunnable$1$3.run(DumbServiceImpl.java:363) at java.awt.event.InvocationEvent.dispatch(InvocationEvent.java:209) at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:702) at java.awt.EventQueue.access$400(EventQueue.java:82) at java.awt.EventQueue$2.run(EventQueue.java:663) at java.awt.EventQueue$2.run(EventQueue.java:661) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.security.AccessControlContext$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(AccessControlContext.java:87) at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:672) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.defaultDispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:699) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue._dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:538) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue._dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:420) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:378) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:296) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:211) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:201) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:196) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:188) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:122) 2012-11-04 20:41:00,459 [ 10655] INFO - ins.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData - For input string: "20.0.1" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "20.0.1" at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:48) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:458) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:499) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData.parsePackageRevision(AndroidSdkData.java:86) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData.<init>(AndroidSdkData.java:73) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkData.parse(AndroidSdkData.java:167) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidPlatform.parse(AndroidPlatform.java:83) at org.jetbrains.android.sdk.AndroidSdkAdditionalData.getAndroidPlatform(AndroidSdkAdditionalData.java:119) at org.jetbrains.android.facet.AndroidFacet.addResourceFolderToSdkRootsIfNecessary(AndroidFacet.java:532) at org.jetbrains.android.facet.AndroidFacet.access$500(AndroidFacet.java:103) at org.jetbrains.android.facet.AndroidFacet$3.run(AndroidFacet.java:440) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl$6.run(StartupManagerImpl.java:230) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl.runActivities(StartupManagerImpl.java:203) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl.access$100(StartupManagerImpl.java:41) at com.intellij.ide.startup.impl.StartupManagerImpl$4.run(StartupManagerImpl.java:170) at com.intellij.openapi.project.DumbServiceImpl.updateFinished(DumbServiceImpl.java:213) at com.intellij.openapi.project.DumbServiceImpl.access$1000(DumbServiceImpl.java:51) at com.intellij.openapi.project.DumbServiceImpl$IndexUpdateRunnable$1$3.run(DumbServiceImpl.java:363) at java.awt.event.InvocationEvent.dispatch(InvocationEvent.java:209) at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:702) at java.awt.EventQueue.access$400(EventQueue.java:82) at java.awt.EventQueue$2.run(EventQueue.java:663) at java.awt.EventQueue$2.run(EventQueue.java:661) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.security.AccessControlContext$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(AccessControlContext.java:87) at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:672) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.defaultDispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:699) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue._dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:538) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue._dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:420) at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:378) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:296) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:211) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:201) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:196) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:188) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:122) 2012-11-04 20:41:01,305 [ 11501] INFO - tor.impl.FileEditorManagerImpl - Project opening took 8374 ms 2012-11-04 20:41:01,719 [ 11915] INFO - dom.attrs.AttributeDefinitions - Found tag with unknown parent: AndroidManifest.AndroidManifestCompatibleScreens 2012-11-04 20:41:07,522 [ 17718] INFO - roid.compiler.tools.AndroidApt - [/Users/neveu/Dev/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/aapt] [package] [-m] [--non-constant-id] [-J] [/private/var/folders/xb/hg6cdxt51rs8lylmmjw0fk8m0000gp/T/android_apt_autogeneration6157451500950136901tmp] [-M] [/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/3rdParty/facebook/AndroidManifest.xml] [-S] [/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/3rdParty/facebook/res] [-I] [/Users/neveu/Dev/android-sdk-macosx/platforms/android-14/android.jar] 2012-11-04 20:41:08,706 [ 18902] INFO - roid.compiler.tools.AndroidApt - [/Users/neveu/Dev/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/aapt] [package] [-m] [-J] [/private/var/folders/xb/hg6cdxt51rs8lylmmjw0fk8m0000gp/T/android_apt_autogeneration3143184519400737414tmp] [-M] [/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/AndroidManifest.xml] [-S] [/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/res] [-I] [/Users/neveu/Dev/android-sdk-macosx/platforms/android-15/android.jar] 2012-11-04 20:41:08,763 [ 18959] INFO - roid.compiler.tools.AndroidIdl - [/Users/neveu/Dev/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/aidl] [-p/Users/neveu/Dev/android-sdk-macosx/platforms/android-15/framework.aidl] [-I/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/magic/src] [-I/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/src] [-I/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/3rdParty/Tapjoy] [-I/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/gen] [/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/src/com/android/vending/billing/IMarketBillingService.aidl] [/Users/neveu/Dev/magic_android/gen/com/android/vending/billing/IMarketBillingService.java] 2012-11-04 20:41:14,004 [ 24200] INFO - dom.attrs.AttributeDefinitions - Found tag with unknown parent: AndroidManifest.AndroidManifestCompatibleScreens 2012-11-04 20:41:18,781 [ 28977] INFO - s.impl.stores.FileBasedStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/cachedDictionary.xml file is null 2012-11-04 20:41:18,782 [ 28978] INFO - .impl.stores.XmlElementStorage - Document was not loaded for $APP_CONFIG$/cachedDictionary.xml

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• c++ stl priority queue insert bad_alloc exception

  - by bsg

  Hi, I am working on a query processor that reads in long lists of document id's from memory and looks for matching id's. When it finds one, it creates a DOC struct containing the docid (an int) and the document's rank (a double) and pushes it on to a priority queue. My problem is that when the word(s) searched for has a long list, when I try to push the DOC on to the queue, I get the following exception: Unhandled exception at 0x7c812afb in QueryProcessor.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: std::bad_alloc at memory location 0x0012ee88.. When the word has a short list, it works fine. I tried pushing DOC's onto the queue in several places in my code, and they all work until a certain line; after that, I get the above error. I am completely at a loss as to what is wrong because the longest list read in is less than 1 MB and I free all memory that I allocate. Why should there suddenly be a bad_alloc exception when I try to push a DOC onto a queue that has a capacity to hold it (I used a vector with enough space reserved as the underlying data structure for the priority queue)? I know that questions like this are almost impossible to answer without seeing all the code, but it's too long to post here. I'm putting as much as I can and am anxiously hoping that someone can give me an answer, because I am at my wits' end. The NextGEQ function is too long to put here, but it reads a list of compressed blocks of docids block by block. That is, if it sees that the lastdocid in the block (in a separate list) is larger than the docid passed in, it decompresses the block and searches until it finds the right one. If it sees that it was already decompressed, it just searches. Below, when I call the function the first time, it decompresses a block and finds the docid; the push onto the queue after that works. The second time, it doesn't even need to decompress; that is, no new memory is allocated, but after that time, pushing on to the queue gives a bad_alloc error. struct DOC{ long int docid; long double rank; public: DOC() { docid = 0; rank = 0.0; } DOC(int num, double ranking) { docid = num; rank = ranking; } bool operator>( const DOC & d ) const { return rank > d.rank; } bool operator<( const DOC & d ) const { return rank < d.rank; } }; struct listnode{ int* metapointer; int* blockpointer; int docposition; int frequency; int numberdocs; int* iquery; listnode* nextnode; }; void QUERYMANAGER::SubmitQuery(char *query){ vector<DOC> docvec; docvec.reserve(20); DOC doct; //create a priority queue to use as a min-heap to store the documents and rankings; //although the priority queue uses the heap as its underlying data structure, //I found it easier to use the STL priority queue implementation priority_queue<DOC, vector<DOC>,std::greater<DOC>> q(docvec.begin(), docvec.end()); q.push(doct); //do some processing here; startlist is a pointer to a listnode struct that starts the //linked list cout << "Opening lists:" << endl; //point the linked list start pointer to the node returned by the OpenList method startlist = &OpenList(value); listnode* minpointer; q.push(doct); //more processing here; else{ //start by finding the first docid in the shortest list int i = 0; q.push(doct); num = NextGEQ(0, *startlist); q.push(doct); while(num != -1) cout << "finding nextGEQ from shortest list" << endl; q.push(doct); //the is where the problem starts - every previous q.push(doct) works; the one after //NextGEQ(num +1, *startlist) gives the bad_alloc error num = NextGEQ(num + 1, *startlist); q.push(doct); //if you didn't break out of the loop; i.e., all lists contain a matching docid, //calculate the document's rank; if it's one of the top 20, create a struct //containing the docid and the rank and add it to the priority queue if(!loop) { cout << "found match" << endl; if(num < 0) { cout << "reached end of list" << endl; //reached the end of the shortest list; close the list CloseList(startlist); break; } rank = calculateRanking(table, num); try{ //if the heap is not full, create a DOC struct with the docid and //rank and add it to the heap if(q.size() < 20) { doc.docid = num; doc.rank = rank; q.push(doct); q.push(doc); } } catch (exception& e) { cout << e.what() << endl; } } } Thank you very much, bsg.

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• Implementing a robust async stream reader

  - by Jon

  I recently provided an answer to this question: C# - Realtime console output redirection. As often happens, explaining stuff (here "stuff" was how I tackled a similar problem) leads you to greater understanding and/or, as is the case here, "oops" moments. I realized that my solution, as implemented, has a bug. The bug has little practical importance, but it has an extremely large importance to me as a developer: I can't rest easy knowing that my code has the potential to blow up. Squashing the bug is the purpose of this question. I apologize for the long intro, so let's get dirty. I wanted to build a class that allows me to receive input from a Stream in an event-based manner. The stream, in my scenario, is guaranteed to be a FileStream and there is also an associated StreamReader already present to leverage. The public interface of the class is this: public class MyStreamManager { public event EventHandler<ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs> StandardOutputRead; public void StartSendingEvents(); public void StopSendingEvents(); } Obviously this specific scenario has to do with a console's standard output, but that is a detail and does not play an important role. StartSendingEvents and StopSendingEvents do what they advertise; for the purposes of this discussion, we can assume that events are always being sent without loss of generality. The class uses these two fields internally: protected readonly StringBuilder inputAccumulator = new StringBuilder(); protected readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; The functionality of the class is implemented in the methods below. To get the ball rolling: public void StartSendingEvents(); { this.stopAutomation = false; this.BeginReadAsync(); } To read data out of the Stream without blocking, and also without requiring a carriage return char, BeginRead is called: protected void BeginReadAsync() { if (!this.stopAutomation) { this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.BeginRead( this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.Length, this.ReadHappened, null); } } The challenging part: BeginRead requires using a buffer. This means that when reading from the stream, it is possible that the bytes available to read ("incoming chunk") are larger than the buffer. Since we are only handing off data from the stream to a consumer, and that consumer may well have inside knowledge about the size and/or format of these chunks, I want to call event subscribers exactly once for each chunk. Otherwise the abstraction breaks down and the subscribers have to buffer the incoming data and reconstruct the chunks themselves using said knowledge. This is much less convenient to the calling code, and detracts from the usefulness of my class. To this end, if the buffer is full after EndRead, we don't send its contents to subscribers immediately but instead append them to a StringBuilder. The contents of the StringBuilder are only sent back whenever there is no more to read from the stream (thus preserving the chunks). private void ReadHappened(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { var bytesRead = this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.EndRead(asyncResult); if (bytesRead == 0) { this.OnAutomationStopped(); return; } var input = this.StandardOutput.CurrentEncoding.GetString( this.buffer, 0, bytesRead); this.inputAccumulator.Append(input); if (bytesRead < this.buffer.Length) { this.OnInputRead(); // only send back if we 're sure we got it all } this.BeginReadAsync(); // continue "looping" with BeginRead } After any read which is not enough to fill the buffer, all accumulated data is sent to the subscribers: private void OnInputRead() { var handler = this.StandardOutputRead; if (handler == null) { return; } handler(this, new ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs(this.inputAccumulator.ToString())); this.inputAccumulator.Clear(); } (I know that as long as there are no subscribers the data gets accumulated forever. This is a deliberate decision). The good This scheme works almost perfectly: Async functionality without spawning any threads Very convenient to the calling code (just subscribe to an event) Maintains the "chunkiness" of the data; this allows the calling code to use inside knowledge of the data without doing any extra work Is almost agnostic to the buffer size (it will work correctly with any size buffer irrespective of the data being read) The bad That last almost is a very big one. Consider what happens when there is an incoming chunk with length exactly equal to the size of the buffer. The chunk will be read and buffered, but the event will not be triggered. This will be followed up by a BeginRead that expects to find more data belonging to the current chunk in order to send it back all in one piece, but... there will be no more data in the stream. In fact, as long as data is put into the stream in chunks with length exactly equal to the buffer size, the data will be buffered and the event will never be triggered. This scenario may be highly unlikely to occur in practice, especially since we can pick any number for the buffer size, but the problem is there. Solution? Unfortunately, after checking the available methods on FileStream and StreamReader, I can't find anything which lets me peek into the stream while also allowing async methods to be used on it. One "solution" would be to have a thread wait on a ManualResetEvent after the "buffer filled" condition is detected. If the event is not signaled (by the async callback) in a small amount of time, then more data from the stream will not be forthcoming and the data accumulated so far should be sent to subscribers. However, this introduces the need for another thread, requires thread synchronization, and is plain inelegant. Specifying a timeout for BeginRead would also suffice (call back into my code every now and then so I can check if there's data to be sent back; most of the time there will not be anything to do, so I expect the performance hit to be negligible). But it looks like timeouts are not supported in FileStream. Since I imagine that async calls with timeouts are an option in bare Win32, another approach might be to PInvoke the hell out of the problem. But this is also undesirable as it will introduce complexity and simply be a pain to code. Is there an elegant way to get around the problem? Thanks for being patient enough to read all of this.

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• how do you make a "concurrent queue safe" lazy loader (singleton manager) in objective-c

  - by Rich

  Hi, I made this class that turns any object into a singleton, but I know that it's not "concurrent queue safe." Could someone please explain to me how to do this, or better yet, show me the code. To be clear I want to know how to use this with operation queues and dispatch queues (NSOperationQueue and Grand Central Dispatch) on iOS. Thanks in advance, Rich EDIT: I had an idea for how to do it. If someone could confirm it for me I'll do it and post the code. The idea is that proxies make queues all on their own. So if I make a mutable proxy (like Apple does in key-value coding/observing) for any object that it's supposed to return, and always return the same proxy for the same object/identifier pair (using the same kind of lazy loading technique as I used to create the singletons), the proxies would automatically queue up the any messages to the singletons, and make it totally thread safe. IMHO this seems like a lot of work to do, so I don't want to do it if it's not gonna work, or if it's gonna slow my apps down to a crawl. Here's my non-thread safe code: RMSingletonCollector.h // // RMSingletonCollector.h // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/11/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "RMWeakObjectRef.h" struct RMInitializerData { // The method may take one argument. // required SEL designatedInitializer; // data to pass to the initializer or nil. id data; }; typedef struct RMInitializerData RMInitializerData; RMInitializerData RMInitializerDataMake(SEL initializer, id data); @interface NSObject (SingletonCollector) // Returns the selector and data to pass to it (if the selector takes an argument) for use when initializing the singleton. // If you override this DO NOT call super. + (RMInitializerData)designatedInitializerForIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier; @end @interface RMSingletonCollector : NSObject { } + (id)collectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier; + (id<RMWeakObjectReference>)referenceForObjectOfType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier; + (void)destroyCollection; + (void)destroyCollectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier; @end // ==--==--==--==--==Notifications==--==--==--==--== extern NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollection; extern NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollectionObject; RMSingletonCollector.m // // RMSingletonCollector.m // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/11/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // #import "RMSingletonCollector.h" #import <objc/objc-runtime.h> NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollection = @"willDestroySingletonCollection"; NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollectionObject = @"willDestroySingletonCollectionObject"; RMInitializerData RMInitializerDataMake(SEL initializer, id data) { RMInitializerData newData; newData.designatedInitializer = initializer; newData.data = data; return newData; } @implementation NSObject (SingletonCollector) + (RMInitializerData)designatedInitializerForIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier { return RMInitializerDataMake(@selector(init), nil); } @end @interface RMSingletonCollector () + (NSMutableDictionary *)singletonCollection; + (void)setSingletonCollection:(NSMutableDictionary *)newSingletonCollection; @end @implementation RMSingletonCollector static NSMutableDictionary *singletonCollection = nil; + (NSMutableDictionary *)singletonCollection { if (singletonCollection != nil) { return singletonCollection; } NSMutableDictionary *collection = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:1]; [self setSingletonCollection:collection]; [collection release]; return singletonCollection; } + (void)setSingletonCollection:(NSMutableDictionary *)newSingletonCollection { if (newSingletonCollection != singletonCollection) { [singletonCollection release]; singletonCollection = [newSingletonCollection retain]; } } + (id)collectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier { id obj; NSString *key; if (identifier) { key = [className stringByAppendingFormat:@".%@", identifier]; } else { key = className; } if (obj = [[self singletonCollection] objectForKey:key]) { return obj; } // dynamic creation. // get a class for Class classForName = NSClassFromString(className); if (classForName) { obj = objc_msgSend(classForName, @selector(alloc)); // if the initializer takes an argument... RMInitializerData initializerData = [classForName designatedInitializerForIdentifier:identifier]; if (initializerData.data) { // pass it. obj = objc_msgSend(obj, initializerData.designatedInitializer, initializerData.data); } else { obj = objc_msgSend(obj, initializerData.designatedInitializer); } [singletonCollection setObject:obj forKey:key]; [obj release]; } else { // raise an exception if there is no class for the specified name. NSException *exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:@"com.RMDev.RMSingletonCollector.failed_to_find_class" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"SingletonCollector couldn't find class for name: %@", [className description]] userInfo:nil]; [exception raise]; [exception release]; } return obj; } + (id<RMWeakObjectReference>)referenceForObjectOfType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier { id obj = [self collectionObjectForType:className identifier:identifier]; RMWeakObjectRef *objectRef = [[RMWeakObjectRef alloc] initWithObject:obj identifier:identifier]; return [objectRef autorelease]; } + (void)destroyCollection { NSDictionary *userInfo = [singletonCollection copy]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:willDestroySingletonCollection object:self userInfo:userInfo]; [userInfo release]; // release the collection and set it to nil. [self setSingletonCollection:nil]; } + (void)destroyCollectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier { NSString *key; if (identifier) { key = [className stringByAppendingFormat:@".%@", identifier]; } else { key = className; } [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:willDestroySingletonCollectionObject object:[singletonCollection objectForKey:key] userInfo:nil]; [singletonCollection removeObjectForKey:key]; } @end RMWeakObjectRef.h // // RMWeakObjectRef.h // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/12/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // // In order to offset the performance loss from always having to search the dictionary, I made a retainable, weak object reference class. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @protocol RMWeakObjectReference <NSObject> @property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) id objectRef; @property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSString *className; @property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSString *objectIdentifier; @end @interface RMWeakObjectRef : NSObject <RMWeakObjectReference> { id objectRef; NSString *className; NSString *objectIdentifier; } - (RMWeakObjectRef *)initWithObject:(id)object identifier:(NSString *)identifier; - (void)objectWillBeDestroyed:(NSNotification *)notification; @end RMWeakObjectRef.m // // RMWeakObjectRef.m // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/12/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // #import "RMWeakObjectRef.h" #import "RMSingletonCollector.h" @implementation RMWeakObjectRef @dynamic objectRef; @synthesize className, objectIdentifier; - (RMWeakObjectRef *)initWithObject:(id)object identifier:(NSString *)identifier { if (self = [super init]) { NSString *classNameForObject = NSStringFromClass([object class]); className = classNameForObject; objectIdentifier = identifier; objectRef = object; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(objectWillBeDestroyed:) name:willDestroySingletonCollectionObject object:object]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(objectWillBeDestroyed:) name:willDestroySingletonCollection object:[RMSingletonCollector class]]; } return self; } - (id)objectRef { if (objectRef) { return objectRef; } objectRef = [RMSingletonCollector collectionObjectForType:className identifier:objectIdentifier]; return objectRef; } - (void)objectWillBeDestroyed:(NSNotification *)notification { objectRef = nil; } - (void)dealloc { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self]; [className release]; [super dealloc]; } @end

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• Implementing a robust async stream reader for a console

  - by Jon

  I recently provided an answer to this question: C# - Realtime console output redirection. As often happens, explaining stuff (here "stuff" was how I tackled a similar problem) leads you to greater understanding and/or, as is the case here, "oops" moments. I realized that my solution, as implemented, has a bug. The bug has little practical importance, but it has an extremely large importance to me as a developer: I can't rest easy knowing that my code has the potential to blow up. Squashing the bug is the purpose of this question. I apologize for the long intro, so let's get dirty. I wanted to build a class that allows me to receive input from a Stream in an event-based manner. The stream, in my scenario, is guaranteed to be a FileStream and there is also an associated StreamReader already present to leverage. The public interface of the class is this: public class MyStreamManager { public event EventHandler<ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs> StandardOutputRead; public void StartSendingEvents(); public void StopSendingEvents(); } Obviously this specific scenario has to do with a console's standard output. StartSendingEvents and StopSendingEvents do what they advertise; for the purposes of this discussion, we can assume that events are always being sent without loss of generality. The class uses these two fields internally: protected readonly StringBuilder inputAccumulator = new StringBuilder(); protected readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; The functionality of the class is implemented in the methods below. To get the ball rolling: public void StartSendingEvents(); { this.stopAutomation = false; this.BeginReadAsync(); } To read data out of the Stream without blocking, and also without requiring a carriage return char, BeginRead is called: protected void BeginReadAsync() { if (!this.stopAutomation) { this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.BeginRead( this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.Length, this.ReadHappened, null); } } The challenging part: BeginRead requires using a buffer. This means that when reading from the stream, it is possible that the bytes available to read ("incoming chunk") are larger than the buffer. Since we are only handing off data from the stream to a consumer, and that consumer may well have inside knowledge about the size and/or format of these chunks, I want to call event subscribers exactly once for each chunk. Otherwise the abstraction breaks down and the subscribers have to buffer the incoming data and reconstruct the chunks themselves using said knowledge. This is much less convenient to the calling code, and detracts from the usefulness of my class. Edit: There are comments below correctly stating that since the data is coming from a stream, there is absolutely nothing that the receiver can infer about the structure of the data unless it is fully prepared to parse it. What I am trying to do here is leverage the "flush the output" "structure" that the owner of the console imparts while writing on it. I am prepared to assume (better: allow my caller to have the option to assume) that the OS will pass me the data written between two flushes of the stream in exactly one piece. To this end, if the buffer is full after EndRead, we don't send its contents to subscribers immediately but instead append them to a StringBuilder. The contents of the StringBuilder are only sent back whenever there is no more to read from the stream (thus preserving the chunks). private void ReadHappened(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { var bytesRead = this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.EndRead(asyncResult); if (bytesRead == 0) { this.OnAutomationStopped(); return; } var input = this.StandardOutput.CurrentEncoding.GetString( this.buffer, 0, bytesRead); this.inputAccumulator.Append(input); if (bytesRead < this.buffer.Length) { this.OnInputRead(); // only send back if we 're sure we got it all } this.BeginReadAsync(); // continue "looping" with BeginRead } After any read which is not enough to fill the buffer, all accumulated data is sent to the subscribers: private void OnInputRead() { var handler = this.StandardOutputRead; if (handler == null) { return; } handler(this, new ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs(this.inputAccumulator.ToString())); this.inputAccumulator.Clear(); } (I know that as long as there are no subscribers the data gets accumulated forever. This is a deliberate decision). The good This scheme works almost perfectly: Async functionality without spawning any threads Very convenient to the calling code (just subscribe to an event) Maintains the "chunkiness" of the data; this allows the calling code to use inside knowledge of the data without doing any extra work Is almost agnostic to the buffer size (it will work correctly with any size buffer irrespective of the data being read) The bad That last almost is a very big one. Consider what happens when there is an incoming chunk with length exactly equal to the size of the buffer. The chunk will be read and buffered, but the event will not be triggered. This will be followed up by a BeginRead that expects to find more data belonging to the current chunk in order to send it back all in one piece, but... there will be no more data in the stream. In fact, as long as data is put into the stream in chunks with length exactly equal to the buffer size, the data will be buffered and the event will never be triggered. This scenario may be highly unlikely to occur in practice, especially since we can pick any number for the buffer size, but the problem is there. Solution? Unfortunately, after checking the available methods on FileStream and StreamReader, I can't find anything which lets me peek into the stream while also allowing async methods to be used on it. One "solution" would be to have a thread wait on a ManualResetEvent after the "buffer filled" condition is detected. If the event is not signaled (by the async callback) in a small amount of time, then more data from the stream will not be forthcoming and the data accumulated so far should be sent to subscribers. However, this introduces the need for another thread, requires thread synchronization, and is plain inelegant. Specifying a timeout for BeginRead would also suffice (call back into my code every now and then so I can check if there's data to be sent back; most of the time there will not be anything to do, so I expect the performance hit to be negligible). But it looks like timeouts are not supported in FileStream. Since I imagine that async calls with timeouts are an option in bare Win32, another approach might be to PInvoke the hell out of the problem. But this is also undesirable as it will introduce complexity and simply be a pain to code. Is there an elegant way to get around the problem? Thanks for being patient enough to read all of this.

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• Java MVC project - either I can't update the drawing, or I can't see it

  - by user1881164

  I've got a project based around the Model-View-Controller paradigm, and I've been having a lot of trouble with getting it to work properly. The program has 4 panels, which are supposed to allow me to modify an oval drawn on the screen in various ways. These seem to work fine, and after considerable trouble I was able to get them to display in the JFrame which holds the whole shebang. I've managed to get them to display by breaking away from the provided instructions, but when I do that, I can't seem to get the oval to update. However, if I follow the directions to the letter, I only ever see an empty frame. The project had pretty specific directions, which I followed up to a point, but some of the documentation was unclear. I think what I'm missing must be something simple, since nothing is jumping out at me as not making sense. I have to admit though that my Java experience is limited and my experience with GUI design/paradigms is even more so. Anyway, I've been searching the web and this site extensively trying to figure out what's wrong, but this is a somewhat specific example and honestly I just don't know enough about this to generalize any of the answers I've found online and figure out what's missing. I've been poring over this code for far too long now so I'm really hoping someone can help me out. public class Model { private Controller controller; private View view; private MvcFrame mvcFrame; private int radius = 44; private Color color = Color.BLUE; private boolean solid = true; //bunch of mutators and accessors for the above variables public Model() { controller = new Controller(this); view = new View(this); mvcFrame = new MvcFrame(this); } } Here's the model class. This seems to be fairly simple. I think my understanding of what's going on here is solid, and nothing seems to be wrong. Included mostly for context. public class Controller extends JPanel{ private Model model; public Controller(Model model) { this.model = model; setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.GREEN)); setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); add(new RadiusPanel(model)); add(new ColorPanel(model)); add(new SolidPanel(model)); add(new TitlePanel(model)); } } This is the Controller class. As far as I can tell, the setBorder, setLayout, and series of adds do nothing here. I had them commented out, but this is the way that the instructions told me to do things, so either there's a mistake there or something about my setup is wrong. However, when I did it this way, I would get an empty window (JFrame) but none of the panels would show up in it. What I did to fix this is put those add functions in the mvcFrame class: public class MvcFrame extends JFrame { private Model model; public MvcFrame(Model model){ this.model = model; //setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); //add(new RadiusPanel(model)); //add(new ColorPanel(model)); //add(new SolidPanel(model)); //add(new TitlePanel(model)); //add(new View(model)); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setLocationRelativeTo(null); setSize(800,600); setVisible(true); } } So here's where things kind of started getting weird. The first block of commented out code is the same as what's in the Controller class. The reason I have it commented out is because that was just a lucky guess - it's not supposed to be like that according to the instructions. However, this did work for getting the panels to show up - but at that point I was still tearing my hair out trying to get the oval to display. The other commented line ( add(new View(model)); ) was a different attempt at making things work. In this case, I put those add functions in the View class (see commented out code below). This actually worked to display both the oval and the panels, but that method wouldn't allow me to update the oval. Also, though I just had the oval displaying, I can't seem to figure out what exactly made that happen, and I can't seem to make it come back. public class View extends JPanel{ private Model model; public View(Model model) { this.model = model; //setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); //add(new RadiusPanel(model)); //add(new ColorPanel(model)); //add(new SolidPanel(model)); //add(new TitlePanel(model)); repaint(); } @Override protected void paintComponent(Graphics g){ super.paintComponent(g); //center of view panel, in pixels: int xCenter = getWidth()/2; int yCenter = getHeight()/2; int radius = model.getRadius(); int xStart = xCenter - radius; int yStart = yCenter - radius; int xWidth = 2 * radius; int yHeight = 2 * radius; g.setColor(model.getColor()); g.clearRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); if (model.isSolid()){ g.fillOval(xStart, yStart, xWidth, yHeight); } else { g.drawOval(xStart, yStart, xWidth, yHeight); } } } Kinda same idea as before - the commented out code is stuff I added to try to get things working, but is not based on the provided directions. In the case where that stuff was uncommented, I had the add(new View(model)); line from the mvcFrame line uncommented as well. The various panel classes (SolidPanel, ColorPanel, etc) simply extend a class called ControlPanel which extends JPanel. These all seem to work as expected, not having much issue with them. There is also a driver which launches the GUI. This also seems to work as expected. The main problem I'm having is that I can't get the oval to show up, and the one time I could make it show up, none of the options for changing it seemed to work. I feel like I'm close but I'm just at a loss for other things to try out at this point. Anyone who can help will have my sincerest gratitude.

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• Why is iTunes starting and stopping play randomly, and how do I stop it?

  - by Chris R

  Since yesterday morning my copy of iTunes has been starting and stopping randomly. If iTunes is not running, then it opens and sometimes begins playing, other times sits idle. Eventually, after a random interval it will begin playing a song, and then stop, and so on... Needless to say, it's driving me mad. (Mac OSX, 10.6.3, on a new-ish (< 1 year old) 24" iMac) I've made five changes to my system that may or may not be connected to this: My office phone was replaced with a Linksys IP Phone, which necessitated a change to my networking; where previously my Mac was connected directly to the office network port, now it is connected through the phone. My network connection now uses auto link detection in lieu of forcing 100Mbit I unpaired my bluetooth headset. I removed the USB audio device associated with another headset. I upgraded to Safari 5. I don't use it as a primary browser, but it's often open to run web apps that I'm developing. All of these things happened in pretty close proximity to each other, so one or more of them may be the culprit. One other thing that may or may not be related; for some reason my built-in microphone is no longer picking up audio. It seems like this might be connected to the iTunes issue, because it happened around the same time. In terms of things that I've tried in order to solve this, I'm at a bit of a loss. I followed the instructions at http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/technotes/tn2004/tn2124.html#SECLAUNCHDLOGGING to enable detailed launchd logging to see if I could track down which process was asking iTunes to open (when it's not already open) but I wasn't able to make heads or tails of the output. I'm not even sure if I'm looking in the right place, to be honest; it actually acts like something is activating the application with AppleScript, but I have no processes running that are doing that, as far as I know. I'm running a few apps that have iTunes integration: Adium, iChat with Chax, Quicksilver. None of these have been changed lately, so I consider them low risks of causing this, but it's not impossible. Moreover, I'm not using any of those features intentionally. This is a snippet of launchd debug logging from around the time it just launched: 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x1004076f0 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) fork()ed 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Conceived 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Created PID 22197 anonymously by PPID 26 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 22197 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_EXIT 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100401720 data = 0x0 ident = 22197 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_EXIT 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Reaping 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Total rusage: utime 0.000000 stime 0.000000 maxrss 0 ixrss 0 idrss 0 isrss 0 minflt 0 majflt 0 nswap 0 inblock 0 oublock 0 msgsnd 0 msgrcv 0 nsignals 0 nvcsw 0 nivcsw 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Removed 10-06-09 9:14:30 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:30 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 22197 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR|EV_EOF|EV_ONESHOT fflags = NOTE_REAP 10-06-09 9:14:32 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:32 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 143 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10041e9a0 data = 0x0 ident = 143 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) fork()ed 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.distributed_notifications.2 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.distributed_notifications.2 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.audio.coreaudiod 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.audio.coreaudiod 10-06-09 9:14:34 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:34 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.DiskArbitration.diskarbitrationd 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.DiskArbitration.diskarbitrationd 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.FSEvents 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.FSEvents 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:38 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:38 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x1004076f0 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) fork()ed 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Conceived 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Created PID 22211 anonymously by PPID 26 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1

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• saslauthd + PostFix producing password verification and authentication errors

  - by Aram Papazian

  So I'm trying to setup PostFix while using SASL (Cyrus variety preferred, I was using dovecot earlier but I'm switching from dovecot to courier so I want to use cyrus instead of dovecot) but I seem to be having issues. Here are the errors I'm receiving: ==> mail.log <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.info <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.warn <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I tried $testsaslauthd -u xxxx -p xxxx 0: OK "Success." So I know that the password/user I'm using is correct. I'm thinking that most likely I have a setting wrong somewhere, but can't seem to find where. Here is my files. Here is my main.cf for postfix: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname # This is already done in /etc/mailname #myhostname = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name #biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. #append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # Relay smtp through another server or leave blank to do it yourself #relayhost = smtp.yourisp.com # Network details; Accept connections from anywhere, and only trust this machine mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host #As we will be using virtual domains, these need to be empty local_recipient_maps = mydestination = # how long if undelivered before sending "delayed mail" warning update to sender delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # not sure of the difference of the next two # but they are needed for local aliasing alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/vmail # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf # Setup the uid/gid of the owner of the mail files - static:5000 allows virtual ones virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 inet_protocols=all # Cyrus SASL Support smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_sasl_local_domain = xxxxx.com ####################### ## OLD CONFIGURATION ## ####################### #myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain #mailbox_size_limit = 0 #recipient_delimiter = + #html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 #virtual_alias_domains = ##virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual #virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail ##luser_relay = webmaster #smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot #smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes #smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination #virtual_create_maildirsize = yes #virtual_maildir_extended = yes #proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps #virtual_transport = dovecot #dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 Here is my master.cf: # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # cyrus unix - n n - - pipe user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} #dovecot unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} Here is what I'm using for /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf log_level: 7 pwcheck_method: saslauthd pwcheck_method: auxprop mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: xxxxx sql_passwd: xxxxx sql_database: maildb sql_select: select crypt from users where id = '%u' As you can see I'm trying to use mysql as my authentication method. The password in 'users' is set through the 'ENCRYPT()' function. I also followed the methods found in http://www.jimmy.co.at/weblog/?p=52 in order to redo /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd as that seems to be a lot of people's problems, but that didn't help at all. Also, here is my /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" # Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam) # # Available options in this Debian package: # getpwent -- use the getpwent() library function # kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5 # pam -- use PAM # rimap -- use a remote IMAP server # shadow -- use the local shadow password file # sasldb -- use the local sasldb database file # ldap -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf) # # Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page # for more information. # # Example: MECHANISMS="pam" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" I had heard that potentially changing MECHANISM to MECHANISMS="mysql" but obviously that didn't help as is shown by the options listed above and also by trying it out anyway in case the documentation was outdated. So, I'm now at a loss... I have no idea where to go from here or what steps I need to do to get this working =/ Anyone have any ideas? EDIT: Here is the error that is coming from auth.log ... I don't know if this will help at all, but here you go: Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql auxprop plugin using mysql engine Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1'

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• BSOD Before Windows Will Loads - Graphics Related

  - by Brian

  Alright deep breath here: (Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit btw) Today I installed Star Craft 2 Beta. After trying to log in, it had some issues where it said my device stopped working (referring to my video device I have to imagine). After I force quit the game there were some random "hot" (various colors if i remember correctly) pixels on the screen. I decided to reboot and try again with similar results. I figured that maybe my display drivers could stand to be updated (I don't frequently update them as I don't often run into problems). I went out to nVidia's website and grabbed the latest drivers for Windows 7 64 bit GeForce 9 series. (I have SLi-ed 9800 GTs). Everything seemed to install fine and I performed the restart. This is when things went from bad (can't play SC2 beta ;) ) to worse (can't boot into windows!). Initially the very first splash screen - I think it's the bios splash screen - had lines of colored pixels covering it. It then displayed a screen that had lots of "(" on it. After that it showed the normal windows 7 splash screen as if it were going to load into Windows. Before getting much further, it BSODed on me. It was a 0x0000003B stop error. At nvlddmkm.sys. A little digging let verified that this was a problem with an nVidia graphics device, not a real shocker. Windows decided it would try to help me diagnose the problem, which it's only answer to was a System Restore, which did nothing to alleviate the problem. I was able to boot up fine in safe mode and was not able to roll back the driver, however I did uninstall the driver and reboot. I still had the graphical anomalies during the first two screens (same colored "."'s and weird "("'s), but there was NOT a stop error. Windows loaded up, found a default driver for the device and installed it and I restarted to let it load - and had yet another BSOD Stop error. Repeat driver uninstall, this time I reloaded the same version (I think it's possible that I was running a 32 bit version or a vista versus windows 7 version, but I don't have that information handy) of the nVidia driver from their website. Restart, same anomalies, same Stop Error. I am at a loss - At this point all I can think is that the firmware for the Video cards got fried or there's actual damage to the cards which I sincerely hope is not the case but the sooner I know the better. Any insight into what I might be able to do to troubleshoot/fix this problem would be most helpful. Attached below is a dump from DxDiag. Please let me know if there is more info that I could provide. ------------------ System Information ------------------ Time of this report: 3/18/2010, 23:22:48 Machine name: BRIAN-PC Operating System: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit (6.1, Build 7600) (7600.win7_rtm.090713-1255) Language: English (Regional Setting: English) System Manufacturer: Dell Inc System Model: XPS 630i BIOS: Phoenix - AwardBIOS v6.00PG Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8200 @ 2.33GHz (4 CPUs), ~2.3GHz Memory: 8192MB RAM Available OS Memory: 8190MB RAM Page File: 1855MB used, 14521MB available Windows Dir: C:\Windows DirectX Version: DirectX 11 DX Setup Parameters: Not found User DPI Setting: Using System DPI System DPI Setting: 96 DPI (100 percent) DWM DPI Scaling: Disabled DxDiag Version: 6.01.7600.16385 32bit Unicode DxDiag Previously: Crashed in DirectShow (stage 1). Re-running DxDiag with "dontskip" command line parameter or choosing not to bypass information gathering when prompted might result in DxDiag successfully obtaining this information ------------ DxDiag Notes ------------ Display Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 2: No problems found. Sound Tab 3: No problems found. Input Tab: No problems found. -------------------- DirectX Debug Levels -------------------- Direct3D: 0/4 (retail) DirectDraw: 0/4 (retail) DirectInput: 0/5 (retail) DirectMusic: 0/5 (retail) DirectPlay: 0/9 (retail) DirectSound: 0/5 (retail) DirectShow: 0/6 (retail) --------------- Display Devices --------------- Card name: Manufacturer: Chip type: DAC type: Device Key: Enum\ Display Memory: n/a Dedicated Memory: n/a Shared Memory: n/a Current Mode: 1600 x 1200 (32 bit) (1Hz) Driver Name: Driver File Version: () Driver Version: DDI Version: unknown Driver Model: unknown Driver Attributes: Final Retail Driver Date/Size: , 0 bytes WHQL Logo'd: n/a WHQL Date Stamp: n/a Device Identifier: {D7B70EE0-4340-11CF-B123-B03DAEC2CB35} Vendor ID: 0x0000 Device ID: 0x0000 SubSys ID: 0x00000000 Revision ID: 0x0000 Driver Strong Name: Unknown Rank Of Driver: Unknown Video Accel: Deinterlace Caps: n/a D3D9 Overlay: n/a DXVA-HD: n/a DDraw Status: Not Available D3D Status: Not Available AGP Status: Not Available ------------- Sound Devices ------------- Description: Speakers (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: Yes Default Voice Playback: Yes Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No Description: Realtek Digital Output (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: No Default Voice Playback: No Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No Description: Realtek HDMI Output (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: No Default Voice Playback: No Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No --------------------- Sound Capture Devices --------------------- Description: Microphone (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Capture: Yes Default Voice Capture: Yes Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Cap Flags: 0x0 Format Flags: 0x0 Description: Realtek Digital Input (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Capture: No Default Voice Capture: No Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Cap Flags: 0x0 Format Flags: 0x0 ------------------- DirectInput Devices ------------------- Device Name: Mouse Attached: 1 Controller ID: n/a Vendor/Product ID: n/a FF Driver: n/a Device Name: Keyboard Attached: 1 Controller ID: n/a Vendor/Product ID: n/a FF Driver: n/a Device Name: ESA FW Update Attached: 1 Controller ID: 0x0 Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A FF Driver: n/a Poll w/ Interrupt: No ----------- USB Devices ----------- + USB Root Hub | Vendor/Product ID: 0x10DE, 0x026D | Matching Device ID: usb\root_hub | Service: usbhub | +-+ USB Input Device | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A | | Location: Port_#0002.Hub_#0001 | | Matching Device ID: generic_hid_device | | Service: HidUsb | | | +-+ HID-compliant device | | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A | | | Matching Device ID: hid_device | | +-+ USB Input Device | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x046D, 0xC01E | | Location: Port_#0003.Hub_#0001 | | Matching Device ID: generic_hid_device | | Service: HidUsb | | | +-+ HID-compliant mouse | | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x046D, 0xC01E | | | Matching Device ID: hid_device_system_mouse | | | Service: mouhid ---------------- Gameport Devices ---------------- ------------ PS/2 Devices ------------ + Standard PS/2 Keyboard | Matching Device ID: *pnp0303 | Service: i8042prt | + Terminal Server Keyboard Driver | Matching Device ID: root\rdp_kbd | Upper Filters: kbdclass | Service: TermDD | + Terminal Server Mouse Driver | Matching Device ID: root\rdp_mou | Upper Filters: mouclass | Service: TermDD ------------------------ Disk & DVD/CD-ROM Drives ------------------------ Drive: C: Free Space: 324.3 GB Total Space: 608.4 GB File System: NTFS Model: WDC WD64 00AAKS-75A7B SCSI Disk Device Drive: D: Free Space: 1.0 GB Total Space: 2.0 GB File System: NTFS Model: WDC WD64 00AAKS-75A7B SCSI Disk Device Drive: E: Model: TSSTcorp DVD+-RW TS-H653F SCSI CdRom Device Driver: c:\windows\system32\drivers\cdrom.sys, 6.01.7600.16385 (English), , 0 bytes -------------- System Devices -------------- Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B7&SUBSYS_000010DE&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&18 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AF&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0A Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard host CPU bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A3&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&00 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Serial ATA Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0267&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&78 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B6&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&10 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AE&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&09 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0272&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&52 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Serial ATA Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0266&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&70 Driver: n/a Name: LSI 1394 OHCI Compliant Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_11C1&DEV_5811&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_70\4&14591D7E&0&2880 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B5&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&06 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AD&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&08 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0270&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&48 Driver: n/a Name: Standard Dual Channel PCI IDE Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0265&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&68 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0605&SUBSYS_062D10DE&REV_A2\4&4BABE2A&0&0028 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B4&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&07 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AC&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&01 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026F&SUBSYS_CB8410DE&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&80 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce PCI System Management Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0264&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&51 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0605&SUBSYS_062D10DE&REV_A2\4&10BD3C89&0&0018 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B3&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0E Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AB&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&04 Driver: n/a Name: Standard Enhanced PCI to USB Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026E&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&59 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard ISA bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0260&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&50 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03BC&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&11 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B2&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0D Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AA&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&02 Driver: n/a Name: Standard OpenHCD USB Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026D&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&58 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03BA&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&12 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B1&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0C Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A9&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&03 Driver: n/a Name: High Definition Audio Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026C&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&81 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B8&SUBSYS_000010DE&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&28 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B0&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0B Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A8&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&05 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Networking Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0269&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&A0 Driver: n/a --------------- EVR Power Information --------------- Current Setting: {5C67A112-A4C9-483F-B4A7-1D473BECAFDC} (Quality) Quality Flags: 2576 Enabled: Force throttling Allow half deinterlace Allow scaling Decode Power Usage: 100 Balanced Flags: 1424 Enabled: Force throttling Allow batching Force half deinterlace Force scaling Decode Power Usage: 50 PowerFlags: 1424 Enabled: Force throttling Allow batching Force half deinterlace Force scaling Decode Power Usage: 0

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• OS X won't see Windows 7 in network (and vice versa)

  - by meds

  I've enabled SMB sharing in OS X Lion and have added folders to share, it says 'Windows Sharing: On' with a green circle next to it (from the sharing window) and that to access the volume I will need to to go to \\192.168.0.17. It also says that the OS X should be visible as 'macbook' in the network. Both my WIndows 7 and OS X are connected to the same network, yet when I try to go to \\192.168.0.17 or from the Mac try to go to my Windows system (smb://192.168.0.6) the two OSs don't see each other. Any ideas why? Attempting to ping the Mac from Windows results in this output in the command prompt: Pinging 192.168.0.17 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.6: Destination host unreachable. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 192.168.0.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 1, Lost = 3 (75% loss), ipconfig in Windows is: Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::8918:efd1:b05c:890f%21 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.6 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::98ab:63fc:3c07:d837%13 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.74.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::80ff:c575:7b50:3a10%14 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.21.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{2E97D0AE-9E18-4072-AC23-1979BA0DCB79}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{E260CE43-E9A7-4DE0-A88E-4EAFF68ACDDB}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{A5130812-59CE-4DDF-9C35-9433BCED9831}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{134BCAE7-CFFF-4A98-8DA0-3708806AABEB}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{8D9E3B8F-161C-4ACE-B211-3EDD694416B2}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : in OS X: lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280 stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280 en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=2b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_HWTAGGING,TSO4> ether c8:2a:14:01:24:c1 media: autoselect (none) status: inactive en1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether e0:f8:47:0c:fe:04 inet6 fe80::e2f8:47ff:fe0c:fe04%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet 192.168.0.17 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255 media: autoselect status: active p2p0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 2304 ether 02:f8:47:0c:fe:04 media: autoselect status: inactive fw0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 4078 lladdr 70:cd:60:ff:fe:d8:f1:32 media: autoselect <full-duplex> status: inactive

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• New features of C# 4.0

  This article covers New features of C# 4.0. Article has been divided into below sections. Introduction. Dynamic Lookup. Named and Optional Arguments. Features for COM interop. Variance. Relationship with Visual Basic. Resources. Other interested readings… 22 New Features of Visual Studio 2008 for .NET Professionals 50 New Features of SQL Server 2008 IIS 7.0 New features Introduction It is now close to a year since Microsoft Visual C# 3.0 shipped as part of Visual Studio 2008. In the VS Managed Languages team we are hard at work on creating the next version of the language (with the unsurprising working title of C# 4.0), and this document is a first public description of the planned language features as we currently see them. Please be advised that all this is in early stages of production and is subject to change. Part of the reason for sharing our plans in public so early is precisely to get the kind of feedback that will cause us to improve the final product before it rolls out. Simultaneously with the publication of this whitepaper, a first public CTP (community technology preview) of Visual Studio 2010 is going out as a Virtual PC image for everyone to try. Please use it to play and experiment with the features, and let us know of any thoughts you have. We ask for your understanding and patience working with very early bits, where especially new or newly implemented features do not have the quality or stability of a final product. The aim of the CTP is not to give you a productive work environment but to give you the best possible impression of what we are working on for the next release. The CTP contains a number of walkthroughs, some of which highlight the new language features of C# 4.0. Those are excellent for getting a hands-on guided tour through the details of some common scenarios for the features. You may consider this whitepaper a companion document to these walkthroughs, complementing them with a focus on the overall language features and how they work, as opposed to the specifics of the concrete scenarios. C# 4.0 The major theme for C# 4.0 is dynamic programming. Increasingly, objects are “dynamic” in the sense that their structure and behavior is not captured by a static type, or at least not one that the compiler knows about when compiling your program. Some examples include a. objects from dynamic programming languages, such as Python or Ruby b. COM objects accessed through IDispatch c. ordinary .NET types accessed through reflection d. objects with changing structure, such as HTML DOM objects While C# remains a statically typed language, we aim to vastly improve the interaction with such objects. A secondary theme is co-evolution with Visual Basic. Going forward we will aim to maintain the individual character of each language, but at the same time important new features should be introduced in both languages at the same time. They should be differentiated more by style and feel than by feature set. The new features in C# 4.0 fall into four groups: Dynamic lookup Dynamic lookup allows you to write method, operator and indexer calls, property and field accesses, and even object invocations which bypass the C# static type checking and instead gets resolved at runtime. Named and optional parameters Parameters in C# can now be specified as optional by providing a default value for them in a member declaration. When the member is invoked, optional arguments can be omitted. Furthermore, any argument can be passed by parameter name instead of position. COM specific interop features Dynamic lookup as well as named and optional parameters both help making programming against COM less painful than today. On top of that, however, we are adding a number of other small features that further improve the interop experience. Variance It used to be that an IEnumerable<string> wasn’t an IEnumerable<object>. Now it is – C# embraces type safe “co-and contravariance” and common BCL types are updated to take advantage of that. Dynamic Lookup Dynamic lookup allows you a unified approach to invoking things dynamically. With dynamic lookup, when you have an object in your hand you do not need to worry about whether it comes from COM, IronPython, the HTML DOM or reflection; you just apply operations to it and leave it to the runtime to figure out what exactly those operations mean for that particular object. This affords you enormous flexibility, and can greatly simplify your code, but it does come with a significant drawback: Static typing is not maintained for these operations. A dynamic object is assumed at compile time to support any operation, and only at runtime will you get an error if it wasn’t so. Oftentimes this will be no loss, because the object wouldn’t have a static type anyway, in other cases it is a tradeoff between brevity and safety. In order to facilitate this tradeoff, it is a design goal of C# to allow you to opt in or opt out of dynamic behavior on every single call. The dynamic type C# 4.0 introduces a new static type called dynamic. When you have an object of type dynamic you can “do things to it” that are resolved only at runtime: dynamic d = GetDynamicObject(…); d.M(7); The C# compiler allows you to call a method with any name and any arguments on d because it is of type dynamic. At runtime the actual object that d refers to will be examined to determine what it means to “call M with an int” on it. The type dynamic can be thought of as a special version of the type object, which signals that the object can be used dynamically. It is easy to opt in or out of dynamic behavior: any object can be implicitly converted to dynamic, “suspending belief” until runtime. Conversely, there is an “assignment conversion” from dynamic to any other type, which allows implicit conversion in assignment-like constructs: dynamic d = 7; // implicit conversion int i = d; // assignment conversion Dynamic operations Not only method calls, but also field and property accesses, indexer and operator calls and even delegate invocations can be dispatched dynamically: dynamic d = GetDynamicObject(…); d.M(7); // calling methods d.f = d.P; // getting and settings fields and properties d[“one”] = d[“two”]; // getting and setting thorugh indexers int i = d + 3; // calling operators string s = d(5,7); // invoking as a delegate The role of the C# compiler here is simply to package up the necessary information about “what is being done to d”, so that the runtime can pick it up and determine what the exact meaning of it is given an actual object d. Think of it as deferring part of the compiler’s job to runtime. The result of any dynamic operation is itself of type dynamic. Runtime lookup At runtime a dynamic operation is dispatched according to the nature of its target object d: COM objects If d is a COM object, the operation is dispatched dynamically through COM IDispatch. This allows calling to COM types that don’t have a Primary Interop Assembly (PIA), and relying on COM features that don’t have a counterpart in C#, such as indexed properties and default properties. Dynamic objects If d implements the interface IDynamicObject d itself is asked to perform the operation. Thus by implementing IDynamicObject a type can completely redefine the meaning of dynamic operations. This is used intensively by dynamic languages such as IronPython and IronRuby to implement their own dynamic object models. It will also be used by APIs, e.g. by the HTML DOM to allow direct access to the object’s properties using property syntax. Plain objects Otherwise d is a standard .NET object, and the operation will be dispatched using reflection on its type and a C# “runtime binder” which implements C#’s lookup and overload resolution semantics at runtime. This is essentially a part of the C# compiler running as a runtime component to “finish the work” on dynamic operations that was deferred by the static compiler. Example Assume the following code: dynamic d1 = new Foo(); dynamic d2 = new Bar(); string s; d1.M(s, d2, 3, null); Because the receiver of the call to M is dynamic, the C# compiler does not try to resolve the meaning of the call. Instead it stashes away information for the runtime about the call. This information (often referred to as the “payload”) is essentially equivalent to: “Perform an instance method call of M with the following arguments: 1. a string 2. a dynamic 3. a literal int 3 4. a literal object null” At runtime, assume that the actual type Foo of d1 is not a COM type and does not implement IDynamicObject. In this case the C# runtime binder picks up to finish the overload resolution job based on runtime type information, proceeding as follows: 1. Reflection is used to obtain the actual runtime types of the two objects, d1 and d2, that did not have a static type (or rather had the static type dynamic). The result is Foo for d1 and Bar for d2. 2. Method lookup and overload resolution is performed on the type Foo with the call M(string,Bar,3,null) using ordinary C# semantics. 3. If the method is found it is invoked; otherwise a runtime exception is thrown. Overload resolution with dynamic arguments Even if the receiver of a method call is of a static type, overload resolution can still happen at runtime. This can happen if one or more of the arguments have the type dynamic: Foo foo = new Foo(); dynamic d = new Bar(); var result = foo.M(d); The C# runtime binder will choose between the statically known overloads of M on Foo, based on the runtime type of d, namely Bar. The result is again of type dynamic. The Dynamic Language Runtime An important component in the underlying implementation of dynamic lookup is the Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), which is a new API in .NET 4.0. The DLR provides most of the infrastructure behind not only C# dynamic lookup but also the implementation of several dynamic programming languages on .NET, such as IronPython and IronRuby. Through this common infrastructure a high degree of interoperability is ensured, but just as importantly the DLR provides excellent caching mechanisms which serve to greatly enhance the efficiency of runtime dispatch. To the user of dynamic lookup in C#, the DLR is invisible except for the improved efficiency. However, if you want to implement your own dynamically dispatched objects, the IDynamicObject interface allows you to interoperate with the DLR and plug in your own behavior. This is a rather advanced task, which requires you to understand a good deal more about the inner workings of the DLR. For API writers, however, it can definitely be worth the trouble in order to vastly improve the usability of e.g. a library representing an inherently dynamic domain. Open issues There are a few limitations and things that might work differently than you would expect. · The DLR allows objects to be created from objects that represent classes. However, the current implementation of C# doesn’t have syntax to support this. · Dynamic lookup will not be able to find extension methods. Whether extension methods apply or not depends on the static context of the call (i.e. which using clauses occur), and this context information is not currently kept as part of the payload. · Anonymous functions (i.e. lambda expressions) cannot appear as arguments to a dynamic method call. The compiler cannot bind (i.e. “understand”) an anonymous function without knowing what type it is converted to. One consequence of these limitations is that you cannot easily use LINQ queries over dynamic objects: dynamic collection = …; var result = collection.Select(e => e + 5); If the Select method is an extension method, dynamic lookup will not find it. Even if it is an instance method, the above does not compile, because a lambda expression cannot be passed as an argument to a dynamic operation. There are no plans to address these limitations in C# 4.0. Named and Optional Arguments Named and optional parameters are really two distinct features, but are often useful together. Optional parameters allow you to omit arguments to member invocations, whereas named arguments is a way to provide an argument using the name of the corresponding parameter instead of relying on its position in the parameter list. Some APIs, most notably COM interfaces such as the Office automation APIs, are written specifically with named and optional parameters in mind. Up until now it has been very painful to call into these APIs from C#, with sometimes as many as thirty arguments having to be explicitly passed, most of which have reasonable default values and could be omitted. Even in APIs for .NET however you sometimes find yourself compelled to write many overloads of a method with different combinations of parameters, in order to provide maximum usability to the callers. Optional parameters are a useful alternative for these situations. Optional parameters A parameter is declared optional simply by providing a default value for it: public void M(int x, int y = 5, int z = 7); Here y and z are optional parameters and can be omitted in calls: M(1, 2, 3); // ordinary call of M M(1, 2); // omitting z – equivalent to M(1, 2, 7) M(1); // omitting both y and z – equivalent to M(1, 5, 7) Named and optional arguments C# 4.0 does not permit you to omit arguments between commas as in M(1,,3). This could lead to highly unreadable comma-counting code. Instead any argument can be passed by name. Thus if you want to omit only y from a call of M you can write: M(1, z: 3); // passing z by name or M(x: 1, z: 3); // passing both x and z by name or even M(z: 3, x: 1); // reversing the order of arguments All forms are equivalent, except that arguments are always evaluated in the order they appear, so in the last example the 3 is evaluated before the 1. Optional and named arguments can be used not only with methods but also with indexers and constructors. Overload resolution Named and optional arguments affect overload resolution, but the changes are relatively simple: A signature is applicable if all its parameters are either optional or have exactly one corresponding argument (by name or position) in the call which is convertible to the parameter type. Betterness rules on conversions are only applied for arguments that are explicitly given – omitted optional arguments are ignored for betterness purposes. If two signatures are equally good, one that does not omit optional parameters is preferred. M(string s, int i = 1); M(object o); M(int i, string s = “Hello”); M(int i); M(5); Given these overloads, we can see the working of the rules above. M(string,int) is not applicable because 5 doesn’t convert to string. M(int,string) is applicable because its second parameter is optional, and so, obviously are M(object) and M(int). M(int,string) and M(int) are both better than M(object) because the conversion from 5 to int is better than the conversion from 5 to object. Finally M(int) is better than M(int,string) because no optional arguments are omitted. Thus the method that gets called is M(int). Features for COM interop Dynamic lookup as well as named and optional parameters greatly improve the experience of interoperating with COM APIs such as the Office Automation APIs. In order to remove even more of the speed bumps, a couple of small COM-specific features are also added to C# 4.0. Dynamic import Many COM methods accept and return variant types, which are represented in the PIAs as object. In the vast majority of cases, a programmer calling these methods already knows the static type of a returned object from context, but explicitly has to perform a cast on the returned value to make use of that knowledge. These casts are so common that they constitute a major nuisance. In order to facilitate a smoother experience, you can now choose to import these COM APIs in such a way that variants are instead represented using the type dynamic. In other words, from your point of view, COM signatures now have occurrences of dynamic instead of object in them. This means that you can easily access members directly off a returned object, or you can assign it to a strongly typed local variable without having to cast. To illustrate, you can now say excel.Cells[1, 1].Value = "Hello"; instead of ((Excel.Range)excel.Cells[1, 1]).Value2 = "Hello"; and Excel.Range range = excel.Cells[1, 1]; instead of Excel.Range range = (Excel.Range)excel.Cells[1, 1]; Compiling without PIAs Primary Interop Assemblies are large .NET assemblies generated from COM interfaces to facilitate strongly typed interoperability. They provide great support at design time, where your experience of the interop is as good as if the types where really defined in .NET. However, at runtime these large assemblies can easily bloat your program, and also cause versioning issues because they are distributed independently of your application. The no-PIA feature allows you to continue to use PIAs at design time without having them around at runtime. Instead, the C# compiler will bake the small part of the PIA that a program actually uses directly into its assembly. At runtime the PIA does not have to be loaded. Omitting ref Because of a different programming model, many COM APIs contain a lot of reference parameters. Contrary to refs in C#, these are typically not meant to mutate a passed-in argument for the subsequent benefit of the caller, but are simply another way of passing value parameters. It therefore seems unreasonable that a C# programmer should have to create temporary variables for all such ref parameters and pass these by reference. Instead, specifically for COM methods, the C# compiler will allow you to pass arguments by value to such a method, and will automatically generate temporary variables to hold the passed-in values, subsequently discarding these when the call returns. In this way the caller sees value semantics, and will not experience any side effects, but the called method still gets a reference. Open issues A few COM interface features still are not surfaced in C#. Most notably these include indexed properties and default properties. As mentioned above these will be respected if you access COM dynamically, but statically typed C# code will still not recognize them. There are currently no plans to address these remaining speed bumps in C# 4.0. Variance An aspect of generics that often comes across as surprising is that the following is illegal: IList<string> strings = new List<string>(); IList<object> objects = strings; The second assignment is disallowed because strings does not have the same element type as objects. There is a perfectly good reason for this. If it were allowed you could write: objects[0] = 5; string s = strings[0]; Allowing an int to be inserted into a list of strings and subsequently extracted as a string. This would be a breach of type safety. However, there are certain interfaces where the above cannot occur, notably where there is no way to insert an object into the collection. Such an interface is IEnumerable<T>. If instead you say: IEnumerable<object> objects = strings; There is no way we can put the wrong kind of thing into strings through objects, because objects doesn’t have a method that takes an element in. Variance is about allowing assignments such as this in cases where it is safe. The result is that a lot of situations that were previously surprising now just work. Covariance In .NET 4.0 the IEnumerable<T> interface will be declared in the following way: public interface IEnumerable<out T> : IEnumerable { IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator<out T> : IEnumerator { bool MoveNext(); T Current { get; } } The “out” in these declarations signifies that the T can only occur in output position in the interface – the compiler will complain otherwise. In return for this restriction, the interface becomes “covariant” in T, which means that an IEnumerable<A> is considered an IEnumerable<B> if A has a reference conversion to B. As a result, any sequence of strings is also e.g. a sequence of objects. This is useful e.g. in many LINQ methods. Using the declarations above: var result = strings.Union(objects); // succeeds with an IEnumerable<object> This would previously have been disallowed, and you would have had to to some cumbersome wrapping to get the two sequences to have the same element type. Contravariance Type parameters can also have an “in” modifier, restricting them to occur only in input positions. An example is IComparer<T>: public interface IComparer<in T> { public int Compare(T left, T right); } The somewhat baffling result is that an IComparer<object> can in fact be considered an IComparer<string>! It makes sense when you think about it: If a comparer can compare any two objects, it can certainly also compare two strings. This property is referred to as contravariance. A generic type can have both in and out modifiers on its type parameters, as is the case with the Func<…> delegate types: public delegate TResult Func<in TArg, out TResult>(TArg arg); Obviously the argument only ever comes in, and the result only ever comes out. Therefore a Func<object,string> can in fact be used as a Func<string,object>. Limitations Variant type parameters can only be declared on interfaces and delegate types, due to a restriction in the CLR. Variance only applies when there is a reference conversion between the type arguments. For instance, an IEnumerable<int> is not an IEnumerable<object> because the conversion from int to object is a boxing conversion, not a reference conversion. Also please note that the CTP does not contain the new versions of the .NET types mentioned above. In order to experiment with variance you have to declare your own variant interfaces and delegate types. COM Example Here is a larger Office automation example that shows many of the new C# features in action. using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; using Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var excel = new Excel.Application(); excel.Visible = true; excel.Workbooks.Add(); // optional arguments omitted excel.Cells[1, 1].Value = "Process Name"; // no casts; Value dynamically excel.Cells[1, 2].Value = "Memory Usage"; // accessed var processes = Process.GetProcesses() .OrderByDescending(p =&gt; p.WorkingSet) .Take(10); int i = 2; foreach (var p in processes) { excel.Cells[i, 1].Value = p.ProcessName; // no casts excel.Cells[i, 2].Value = p.WorkingSet; // no casts i++; } Excel.Range range = excel.Cells[1, 1]; // no casts Excel.Chart chart = excel.ActiveWorkbook.Charts. Add(After: excel.ActiveSheet); // named and optional arguments chart.ChartWizard( Source: range.CurrentRegion, Title: "Memory Usage in " + Environment.MachineName); //named+optional chart.ChartStyle = 45; chart.CopyPicture(Excel.XlPictureAppearance.xlScreen, Excel.XlCopyPictureFormat.xlBitmap, Excel.XlPictureAppearance.xlScreen); var word = new Word.Application(); word.Visible = true; word.Documents.Add(); // optional arguments word.Selection.Paste(); } } The code is much more terse and readable than the C# 3.0 counterpart. Note especially how the Value property is accessed dynamically. This is actually an indexed property, i.e. a property that takes an argument; something which C# does not understand. However the argument is optional. Since the access is dynamic, it goes through the runtime COM binder which knows to substitute the default value and call the indexed property. Thus, dynamic COM allows you to avoid accesses to the puzzling Value2 property of Excel ranges. Relationship with Visual Basic A number of the features introduced to C# 4.0 already exist or will be introduced in some form or other in Visual Basic: · Late binding in VB is similar in many ways to dynamic lookup in C#, and can be expected to make more use of the DLR in the future, leading to further parity with C#. · Named and optional arguments have been part of Visual Basic for a long time, and the C# version of the feature is explicitly engineered with maximal VB interoperability in mind. · NoPIA and variance are both being introduced to VB and C# at the same time. VB in turn is adding a number of features that have hitherto been a mainstay of C#. As a result future versions of C# and VB will have much better feature parity, for the benefit of everyone. Resources All available resources concerning C# 4.0 can be accessed through the C# Dev Center. Specifically, this white paper and other resources can be found at the Code Gallery site. Enjoy! span.fullpost {display:none;}

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• SQL Server 2012 - AlwaysOn

  - by Claus Jandausch

  Ich war nicht nur irritiert, ich war sogar regelrecht schockiert - und für einen kurzen Moment sprachlos (was nur selten der Fall ist). Gerade eben hatte mich jemand gefragt "Wann Oracle denn etwas Vergleichbares wie AlwaysOn bieten würde - und ob überhaupt?" War ich hier im falschen Film gelandet? Ich konnte nicht anders, als meinen Unmut kundzutun und zu erklären, dass die Fragestellung normalerweise anders herum läuft. Zugegeben - es mag vielleicht strittige Punkte geben im Vergleich zwischen Oracle und SQL Server - bei denen nicht unbedingt immer Oracle die Nase vorn haben muss - aber das Thema Clustering für Hochverfügbarkeit (HA), Disaster Recovery (DR) und Skalierbarkeit gehört mit Sicherheit nicht dazu. Dieses Erlebnis hakte ich am Nachgang als Einzelfall ab, der so nie wieder vorkommen würde. Bis ich kurz darauf eines Besseren belehrt wurde und genau die selbe Frage erneut zu hören bekam. Diesmal sogar im Exadata-Umfeld und einem Oracle Stretch Cluster. Einmal ist keinmal, doch zweimal ist einmal zu viel... Getreu diesem alten Motto war mir klar, dass man das so nicht länger stehen lassen konnte. Ich habe keine Ahnung, wie die Microsoft Marketing Abteilung es geschafft hat, unter dem AlwaysOn Brading eine innovative Technologie vermuten zu lassen - aber sie hat ihren Job scheinbar gut gemacht. Doch abgesehen von einem guten Marketing, stellt sich natürlich die Frage, was wirklich dahinter steckt und wie sich das Ganze mit Oracle vergleichen lässt - und ob überhaupt? Damit wären wir wieder bei der ursprünglichen Frage angelangt.  So viel zum Hintergrund dieses Blogbeitrags - von meiner Antwort handelt der restliche Blog. "Windows was the God ..." Um den wahren Unterschied zwischen Oracle und Microsoft verstehen zu können, muss man zunächst das bedeutendste Microsoft Dogma kennen. Es lässt sich schlicht und einfach auf den Punkt bringen: "Alles muss auf Windows basieren." Die Überschrift dieses Absatzes ist kein von mir erfundener Ausspruch, sondern ein Zitat. Konkret stammt es aus einem längeren Artikel von Kurt Eichenwald in der Vanity Fair aus dem August 2012. Er lautet Microsoft's Lost Decade und sei jedem ans Herz gelegt, der die "Microsoft-Maschinerie" unter Steve Ballmer und einige ihrer Kuriositäten besser verstehen möchte. "YOU TALKING TO ME?" Microsoft C.E.O. Steve Ballmer bei seiner Keynote auf der 2012 International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas am 9. Januar   Manche Dinge in diesem Artikel mögen überspitzt dargestellt erscheinen - sind sie aber nicht. Vieles davon kannte ich bereits aus eigener Erfahrung und kann es nur bestätigen. Anderes hat sich mir erst so richtig erschlossen. Insbesondere die folgenden Passagen führten zum Aha-Erlebnis: “Windows was the god—everything had to work with Windows,” said Stone... “Every little thing you want to write has to build off of Windows (or other existing roducts),” one software engineer said. “It can be very confusing, …” Ich habe immer schon darauf hingewiesen, dass in einem SQL Server Failover Cluster die Microsoft Datenbank eigentlich nichts Nenneswertes zum Geschehen beiträgt, sondern sich voll und ganz auf das Windows Betriebssystem verlässt. Deshalb muss man auch die Windows Server Enterprise Edition installieren, soll ein Failover Cluster für den SQL Server eingerichtet werden. Denn hier werden die Cluster Services geliefert - nicht mit dem SQL Server. Er ist nur lediglich ein weiteres Server Produkt, für das Windows in Ausfallszenarien genutzt werden kann - so wie Microsoft Exchange beispielsweise, oder Microsoft SharePoint, oder irgendein anderes Server Produkt das auf Windows gehostet wird. Auch Oracle kann damit genutzt werden. Das Stichwort lautet hier: Oracle Failsafe. Nur - warum sollte man das tun, wenn gleichzeitig eine überlegene Technologie wie die Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) zur Verfügung steht, die dann auch keine Windows Enterprise Edition voraussetzen, da Oracle die eigene Clusterware liefert. Welche darüber hinaus für kürzere Failover-Zeiten sorgt, da diese Cluster-Technologie Datenbank-integriert ist und sich nicht auf "Dritte" verlässt. Wenn man sich also schon keine technischen Vorteile mit einem SQL Server Failover Cluster erkauft, sondern zusätzlich noch versteckte Lizenzkosten durch die Lizenzierung der Windows Server Enterprise Edition einhandelt, warum hat Microsoft dann in den vergangenen Jahren seit SQL Server 2000 nicht ebenfalls an einer neuen und innovativen Lösung gearbeitet, die mit Oracle RAC mithalten kann? Entwickler hat Microsoft genügend? Am Geld kann es auch nicht liegen? Lesen Sie einfach noch einmal die beiden obenstehenden Zitate und sie werden den Grund verstehen. Anders lässt es sich ja auch gar nicht mehr erklären, dass AlwaysOn aus zwei unterschiedlichen Technologien besteht, die beide jedoch wiederum auf dem Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) basieren. Denn daraus ergeben sich klare Nachteile - aber dazu später mehr. Um AlwaysOn zu verstehen, sollte man sich zunächst kurz in Erinnerung rufen, was Microsoft bisher an HA/DR (High Availability/Desaster Recovery) Lösungen für SQL Server zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Replikation Basiert auf logischer Replikation und Pubisher/Subscriber Architektur Transactional Replication Merge Replication Snapshot Replication Microsoft's Replikation ist vergleichbar mit Oracle GoldenGate. Oracle GoldenGate stellt jedoch die umfassendere Technologie dar und bietet High Performance. Log Shipping Microsoft's Log Shipping stellt eine einfache Technologie dar, die vergleichbar ist mit Oracle Managed Recovery in Oracle Version 7. Das Log Shipping besitzt folgende Merkmale: Transaction Log Backups werden von Primary nach Secondary/ies geschickt Einarbeitung (z.B. Restore) auf jedem Secondary individuell Optionale dritte Server Instanz (Monitor Server) für Überwachung und Alarm Log Restore Unterbrechung möglich für Read-Only Modus (Secondary) Keine Unterstützung von Automatic Failover Database Mirroring Microsoft's Database Mirroring wurde verfügbar mit SQL Server 2005, sah aus wie Oracle Data Guard in Oracle 9i, war funktional jedoch nicht so umfassend. Für ein HA/DR Paar besteht eine 1:1 Beziehung, um die produktive Datenbank (Principle DB) abzusichern. Auf der Standby Datenbank (Mirrored DB) werden alle Insert-, Update- und Delete-Operationen nachgezogen. Modi Synchron (High-Safety Modus) Asynchron (High-Performance Modus) Automatic Failover Unterstützt im High-Safety Modus (synchron) Witness Server vorausgesetzt     Zur Frage der Kontinuität Es stellt sich die Frage, wie es um diesen Technologien nun im Zusammenhang mit SQL Server 2012 bestellt ist. Unter Fanfaren seinerzeit eingeführt, war Database Mirroring das erklärte Mittel der Wahl. Ich bin kein Produkt Manager bei Microsoft und kann hierzu nur meine Meinung äußern, aber zieht man den SQL AlwaysOn Team Blog heran, so sieht es nicht gut aus für das Database Mirroring - zumindest nicht langfristig. "Does AlwaysOn Availability Group replace Database Mirroring going forward?” “The short answer is we recommend that you migrate from the mirroring configuration or even mirroring and log shipping configuration to using Availability Group. Database Mirroring will still be available in the Denali release but will be phased out over subsequent releases. Log Shipping will continue to be available in future releases.” Damit wären wir endlich beim eigentlichen Thema angelangt. Was ist eine sogenannte Availability Group und was genau hat es mit der vielversprechend klingenden Bezeichnung AlwaysOn auf sich?   SQL Server 2012 - AlwaysOn Zwei HA-Features verstekcne sich hinter dem “AlwaysOn”-Branding. Einmal das AlwaysOn Failover Clustering aka SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) - zum Anderen die AlwaysOn Availability Groups. Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) Entspricht ungefähr dem Stretch Cluster Konzept von Oracle Setzt auf Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) auf Bietet HA auf Instanz-Ebene AlwaysOn Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Ähnlich der Idee von Consistency Groups, wie in Storage-Level Replikations-Software von z.B. EMC SRDF Abhängigkeiten zu Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) Bietet HA auf Datenbank-Ebene   Hinweis: Verwechseln Sie nicht eine SQL Server Datenbank mit einer Oracle Datenbank. Und auch nicht eine Oracle Instanz mit einer SQL Server Instanz. Die gleichen Begriffe haben hier eine andere Bedeutung - nicht selten ein Grund, weshalb Oracle- und Microsoft DBAs schnell aneinander vorbei reden. Denken Sie bei einer SQL Server Datenbank eher an ein Oracle Schema, das kommt der Sache näher. So etwas wie die SQL Server Northwind Datenbank ist vergleichbar mit dem Oracle Scott Schema. Wenn Sie die genauen Unterschiede kennen möchten, finden Sie eine detaillierte Beschreibung in meinem Buch "Oracle10g Release 2 für Windows und .NET", erhältich bei Lehmanns, Amazon, etc.   Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) Wie man sieht, basieren beide AlwaysOn Technologien wiederum auf dem Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC), um einerseits Hochverfügbarkeit auf Ebene der Instanz zu gewährleisten und andererseits auf der Datenbank-Ebene. Deshalb nun eine kurze Beschreibung der WSFC. Die WSFC sind ein mit dem Windows Betriebssystem geliefertes Infrastruktur-Feature, um HA für Server Anwendungen, wie Microsoft Exchange, SharePoint, SQL Server, etc. zu bieten. So wie jeder andere Cluster, besteht ein WSFC Cluster aus einer Gruppe unabhängiger Server, die zusammenarbeiten, um die Verfügbarkeit einer Applikation oder eines Service zu erhöhen. Falls ein Cluster-Knoten oder -Service ausfällt, kann der auf diesem Knoten bisher gehostete Service automatisch oder manuell auf einen anderen im Cluster verfügbaren Knoten transferriert werden - was allgemein als Failover bekannt ist. Unter SQL Server 2012 verwenden sowohl die AlwaysOn Avalability Groups, als auch die AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances die WSFC als Plattformtechnologie, um Komponenten als WSFC Cluster-Ressourcen zu registrieren. Verwandte Ressourcen werden in eine Ressource Group zusammengefasst, die in Abhängigkeit zu anderen WSFC Cluster-Ressourcen gebracht werden kann. Der WSFC Cluster Service kann jetzt die Notwendigkeit zum Neustart der SQL Server Instanz erfassen oder einen automatischen Failover zu einem anderen Server-Knoten im WSFC Cluster auslösen.   Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) Eine SQL Server Failover Cluster Instanz (FCI) ist eine einzelne SQL Server Instanz, die in einem Failover Cluster betrieben wird, der aus mehreren Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) Knoten besteht und so HA (High Availability) auf Ebene der Instanz bietet. Unter Verwendung von Multi-Subnet FCI kann auch Remote DR (Disaster Recovery) unterstützt werden. Eine weitere Option für Remote DR besteht darin, eine unter FCI gehostete Datenbank in einer Availability Group zu betreiben. Hierzu später mehr. FCI und WSFC Basis FCI, das für lokale Hochverfügbarkeit der Instanzen genutzt wird, ähnelt der veralteten Architektur eines kalten Cluster (Aktiv-Passiv). Unter SQL Server 2008 wurde diese Technologie SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering genannt. Sie nutzte den Windows Server Failover Cluster. In SQL Server 2012 hat Microsoft diese Basistechnologie unter der Bezeichnung AlwaysOn zusammengefasst. Es handelt sich aber nach wie vor um die klassische Aktiv-Passiv-Konfiguration. Der Ablauf im Failover-Fall ist wie folgt: Solange kein Hardware-oder System-Fehler auftritt, werden alle Dirty Pages im Buffer Cache auf Platte geschrieben Alle entsprechenden SQL Server Services (Dienste) in der Ressource Gruppe werden auf dem aktiven Knoten gestoppt Die Ownership der Ressource Gruppe wird auf einen anderen Knoten der FCI transferriert Der neue Owner (Besitzer) der Ressource Gruppe startet seine SQL Server Services (Dienste) Die Connection-Anforderungen einer Client-Applikation werden automatisch auf den neuen aktiven Knoten mit dem selben Virtuellen Network Namen (VNN) umgeleitet Abhängig vom Zeitpunkt des letzten Checkpoints, kann die Anzahl der Dirty Pages im Buffer Cache, die noch auf Platte geschrieben werden müssen, zu unvorhersehbar langen Failover-Zeiten führen. Um diese Anzahl zu drosseln, besitzt der SQL Server 2012 eine neue Fähigkeit, die Indirect Checkpoints genannt wird. Indirect Checkpoints ähnelt dem Fast-Start MTTR Target Feature der Oracle Datenbank, das bereits mit Oracle9i verfügbar war.   SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering Ein SQL Server Multi-Subnet Failover Cluster entspricht vom Konzept her einem Oracle RAC Stretch Cluster. Doch dies ist nur auf den ersten Blick der Fall. Im Gegensatz zu RAC ist in einem lokalen SQL Server Failover Cluster jeweils nur ein Knoten aktiv für eine Datenbank. Für die Datenreplikation zwischen geografisch entfernten Sites verlässt sich Microsoft auf 3rd Party Lösungen für das Storage Mirroring.     Die Verbesserung dieses Szenario mit einer SQL Server 2012 Implementierung besteht schlicht darin, dass eine VLAN-Konfiguration (Virtual Local Area Network) nun nicht mehr benötigt wird, so wie dies bisher der Fall war. Das folgende Diagramm stellt dar, wie der Ablauf mit SQL Server 2012 gehandhabt wird. In Site A und Site B wird HA jeweils durch einen lokalen Aktiv-Passiv-Cluster sichergestellt.     Besondere Aufmerksamkeit muss hier der Konfiguration und dem Tuning geschenkt werden, da ansonsten völlig inakzeptable Failover-Zeiten resultieren. Dies liegt darin begründet, weil die Downtime auf Client-Seite nun nicht mehr nur von der reinen Failover-Zeit abhängt, sondern zusätzlich von der Dauer der DNS Replikation zwischen den DNS Servern. (Rufen Sie sich in Erinnerung, dass wir gerade von Multi-Subnet Clustering sprechen). Außerdem ist zu berücksichtigen, wie schnell die Clients die aktualisierten DNS Informationen abfragen. Spezielle Konfigurationen für Node Heartbeat, HostRecordTTL (Host Record Time-to-Live) und Intersite Replication Frequeny für Active Directory Sites und Services werden notwendig. Default TTL für Windows Server 2008 R2: 20 Minuten Empfohlene Einstellung: 1 Minute DNS Update Replication Frequency in Windows Umgebung: 180 Minuten Empfohlene Einstellung: 15 Minuten (minimaler Wert)   Betrachtet man diese Werte, muss man feststellen, dass selbst eine optimale Konfiguration die rigiden SLAs (Service Level Agreements) heutiger geschäftskritischer Anwendungen für HA und DR nicht erfüllen kann. Denn dies impliziert eine auf der Client-Seite erlebte Failover-Zeit von insgesamt 16 Minuten. Hierzu ein Auszug aus der SQL Server 2012 Online Dokumentation: Cons: If a cross-subnet failover occurs, the client recovery time could be 15 minutes or longer, depending on your HostRecordTTL setting and the setting of your cross-site DNS/AD replication schedule.    Wir sind hier an einem Punkt unserer Überlegungen angelangt, an dem sich erklärt, weshalb ich zuvor das "Windows was the God ..." Zitat verwendet habe. Die unbedingte Abhängigkeit zu Windows wird zunehmend zum Problem, da sie die Komplexität einer Microsoft-basierenden Lösung erhöht, anstelle sie zu reduzieren. Und Komplexität ist das Letzte, was sich CIOs heutzutage wünschen.  Zur Ehrenrettung des SQL Server 2012 und AlwaysOn muss man sagen, dass derart lange Failover-Zeiten kein unbedingtes "Muss" darstellen, sondern ein "Kann". Doch auch ein "Kann" kann im unpassenden Moment unvorhersehbare und kostspielige Folgen haben. Die Unabsehbarkeit ist wiederum Ursache vieler an der Implementierung beteiligten Komponenten und deren Abhängigkeiten, wie beispielsweise drei Cluster-Lösungen (zwei von Microsoft, eine 3rd Party Lösung). Wie man die Sache auch dreht und wendet, kommt man an diesem Fakt also nicht vorbei - ganz unabhängig von der Dauer einer Downtime oder Failover-Zeiten. Im Gegensatz zu AlwaysOn und der hier vorgestellten Version eines Stretch-Clusters, vermeidet eine entsprechende Oracle Implementierung eine derartige Komplexität, hervorgerufen duch multiple Abhängigkeiten. Den Unterschied machen Datenbank-integrierte Mechanismen, wie Fast Application Notification (FAN) und Fast Connection Failover (FCF). Für Oracle MAA Konfigurationen (Maximum Availability Architecture) sind Inter-Site Failover-Zeiten im Bereich von Sekunden keine Seltenheit. Wenn Sie dem Link zur Oracle MAA folgen, finden Sie außerdem eine Reihe an Customer Case Studies. Auch dies ist ein wichtiges Unterscheidungsmerkmal zu AlwaysOn, denn die Oracle Technologie hat sich bereits zigfach in höchst kritischen Umgebungen bewährt.   Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Die sogenannten Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) sind - neben FCI - der weitere Baustein von AlwaysOn.   Hinweis: Bevor wir uns näher damit beschäftigen, sollten Sie sich noch einmal ins Gedächtnis rufen, dass eine SQL Server Datenbank nicht die gleiche Bedeutung besitzt, wie eine Oracle Datenbank, sondern eher einem Oracle Schema entspricht. So etwas wie die SQL Server Northwind Datenbank ist vergleichbar mit dem Oracle Scott Schema.   Eine Verfügbarkeitsgruppe setzt sich zusammen aus einem Set mehrerer Benutzer-Datenbanken, die im Falle eines Failover gemeinsam als Gruppe behandelt werden. Eine Verfügbarkeitsgruppe unterstützt ein Set an primären Datenbanken (primäres Replikat) und einem bis vier Sets von entsprechenden sekundären Datenbanken (sekundäre Replikate).       Es können jedoch nicht alle SQL Server Datenbanken einer AlwaysOn Verfügbarkeitsgruppe zugeordnet werden. Der SQL Server Spezialist Michael Otey zählt in seinem SQL Server Pro Artikel folgende Anforderungen auf: Verfügbarkeitsgruppen müssen mit Benutzer-Datenbanken erstellt werden. System-Datenbanken können nicht verwendet werden Die Datenbanken müssen sich im Read-Write Modus befinden. Read-Only Datenbanken werden nicht unterstützt Die Datenbanken in einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe müssen Multiuser Datenbanken sein Sie dürfen nicht das AUTO_CLOSE Feature verwenden Sie müssen das Full Recovery Modell nutzen und es muss ein vollständiges Backup vorhanden sein Eine gegebene Datenbank kann sich nur in einer einzigen Verfügbarkeitsgruppe befinden und diese Datenbank düerfen nicht für Database Mirroring konfiguriert sein Microsoft empfiehl außerdem, dass der Verzeichnispfad einer Datenbank auf dem primären und sekundären Server identisch sein sollte Wie man sieht, eignen sich Verfügbarkeitsgruppen nicht, um HA und DR vollständig abzubilden. Die Unterscheidung zwischen der Instanzen-Ebene (FCI) und Datenbank-Ebene (Availability Groups) ist von hoher Bedeutung. Vor kurzem wurde mir gesagt, dass man mit den Verfügbarkeitsgruppen auf Shared Storage verzichten könne und dadurch Kosten spart. So weit so gut ... Man kann natürlich eine Installation rein mit Verfügbarkeitsgruppen und ohne FCI durchführen - aber man sollte sich dann darüber bewusst sein, was man dadurch alles nicht abgesichert hat - und dies wiederum für Desaster Recovery (DR) und SLAs (Service Level Agreements) bedeutet. Kurzum, um die Kombination aus beiden AlwaysOn Produkten und der damit verbundene Komplexität kommt man wohl in der Praxis nicht herum.    Availability Groups und WSFC AlwaysOn hängt von Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) ab, um die aktuellen Rollen der Verfügbarkeitsreplikate einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe zu überwachen und zu verwalten, und darüber zu entscheiden, wie ein Failover-Ereignis die Verfügbarkeitsreplikate betrifft. Das folgende Diagramm zeigt de Beziehung zwischen Verfügbarkeitsgruppen und WSFC:   Der Verfügbarkeitsmodus ist eine Eigenschaft jedes Verfügbarkeitsreplikats. Synychron und Asynchron können also gemischt werden: Availability Modus (Verfügbarkeitsmodus) Asynchroner Commit-Modus Primäres replikat schließt Transaktionen ohne Warten auf Sekundäres Synchroner Commit-Modus Primäres Replikat wartet auf Commit von sekundärem Replikat Failover Typen Automatic Manual Forced (mit möglichem Datenverlust) Synchroner Commit-Modus Geplanter, manueller Failover ohne Datenverlust Automatischer Failover ohne Datenverlust Asynchroner Commit-Modus Nur Forced, manueller Failover mit möglichem Datenverlust   Der SQL Server kennt keinen separaten Switchover Begriff wie in Oracle Data Guard. Für SQL Server werden alle Role Transitions als Failover bezeichnet. Tatsächlich unterstützt der SQL Server keinen Switchover für asynchrone Verbindungen. Es gibt nur die Form des Forced Failover mit möglichem Datenverlust. Eine ähnliche Fähigkeit wie der Switchover unter Oracle Data Guard ist so nicht gegeben.   SQL Sever FCI mit Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Neben den Verfügbarkeitsgruppen kann eine zweite Failover-Ebene eingerichtet werden, indem SQL Server FCI (auf Shared Storage) mit WSFC implementiert wird. Ein Verfügbarkeitesreplikat kann dann auf einer Standalone Instanz gehostet werden, oder einer FCI Instanz. Zum Verständnis: Die Verfügbarkeitsgruppen selbst benötigen kein Shared Storage. Diese Kombination kann verwendet werden für lokale HA auf Ebene der Instanz und DR auf Datenbank-Ebene durch Verfügbarkeitsgruppen. Das folgende Diagramm zeigt dieses Szenario:   Achtung! Hier handelt es sich nicht um ein Pendant zu Oracle RAC plus Data Guard, auch wenn das Bild diesen Eindruck vielleicht vermitteln mag - denn alle sekundären Knoten im FCI sind rein passiv. Es existiert außerdem eine weitere und ernsthafte Einschränkung: SQL Server Failover Cluster Instanzen (FCI) unterstützen nicht das automatische AlwaysOn Failover für Verfügbarkeitsgruppen. Jedes unter FCI gehostete Verfügbarkeitsreplikat kann nur für manuelles Failover konfiguriert werden.   Lesbare Sekundäre Replikate Ein oder mehrere Verfügbarkeitsreplikate in einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe können für den lesenden Zugriff konfiguriert werden, wenn sie als sekundäres Replikat laufen. Dies ähnelt Oracle Active Data Guard, jedoch gibt es Einschränkungen. Alle Abfragen gegen die sekundäre Datenbank werden automatisch auf das Snapshot Isolation Level abgebildet. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Versionierung der Rows. Microsoft versuchte hiermit die Oracle MVRC (Multi Version Read Consistency) nachzustellen. Tatsächlich muss man die SQL Server Snapshot Isolation eher mit Oracle Flashback vergleichen. Bei der Implementierung des Snapshot Isolation Levels handelt sich um ein nachträglich aufgesetztes Feature und nicht um einen inhärenten Teil des Datenbank-Kernels, wie im Falle Oracle. (Ich werde hierzu in Kürze einen weiteren Blogbeitrag verfassen, wenn ich mich mit der neuen SQL Server 2012 Core Lizenzierung beschäftige.) Für die Praxis entstehen aus der Abbildung auf das Snapshot Isolation Level ernsthafte Restriktionen, derer man sich für den Betrieb in der Praxis bereits vorab bewusst sein sollte: Sollte auf der primären Datenbank eine aktive Transaktion zu dem Zeitpunkt existieren, wenn ein lesbares sekundäres Replikat in die Verfügbarkeitsgruppe aufgenommen wird, werden die Row-Versionen auf der korrespondierenden sekundären Datenbank nicht sofort vollständig verfügbar sein. Eine aktive Transaktion auf dem primären Replikat muss zuerst abgeschlossen (Commit oder Rollback) und dieser Transaktions-Record auf dem sekundären Replikat verarbeitet werden. Bis dahin ist das Isolation Level Mapping auf der sekundären Datenbank unvollständig und Abfragen sind temporär geblockt. Microsoft sagt dazu: "This is needed to guarantee that row versions are available on the secondary replica before executing the query under snapshot isolation as all isolation levels are implicitly mapped to snapshot isolation." (SQL Storage Engine Blog: AlwaysOn: I just enabled Readable Secondary but my query is blocked?)  Grundlegend bedeutet dies, dass ein aktives lesbares Replikat nicht in die Verfügbarkeitsgruppe aufgenommen werden kann, ohne das primäre Replikat vorübergehend stillzulegen. Da Leseoperationen auf das Snapshot Isolation Transaction Level abgebildet werden, kann die Bereinigung von Ghost Records auf dem primären Replikat durch Transaktionen auf einem oder mehreren sekundären Replikaten geblockt werden - z.B. durch eine lang laufende Abfrage auf dem sekundären Replikat. Diese Bereinigung wird auch blockiert, wenn die Verbindung zum sekundären Replikat abbricht oder der Datenaustausch unterbrochen wird. Auch die Log Truncation wird in diesem Zustant verhindert. Wenn dieser Zustand längere Zeit anhält, empfiehlt Microsoft das sekundäre Replikat aus der Verfügbarkeitsgruppe herauszunehmen - was ein ernsthaftes Downtime-Problem darstellt. Die Read-Only Workload auf den sekundären Replikaten kann eingehende DDL Änderungen blockieren. Obwohl die Leseoperationen aufgrund der Row-Versionierung keine Shared Locks halten, führen diese Operatioen zu Sch-S Locks (Schemastabilitätssperren). DDL-Änderungen durch Redo-Operationen können dadurch blockiert werden. Falls DDL aufgrund konkurrierender Lese-Workload blockiert wird und der Schwellenwert für 'Recovery Interval' (eine SQL Server Konfigurationsoption) überschritten wird, generiert der SQL Server das Ereignis sqlserver.lock_redo_blocked, welches Microsoft zum Kill der blockierenden Leser empfiehlt. Auf die Verfügbarkeit der Anwendung wird hierbei keinerlei Rücksicht genommen.   Keine dieser Einschränkungen existiert mit Oracle Active Data Guard.   Backups auf sekundären Replikaten  Über die sekundären Replikate können Backups (BACKUP DATABASE via Transact-SQL) nur als copy-only Backups einer vollständigen Datenbank, Dateien und Dateigruppen erstellt werden. Das Erstellen inkrementeller Backups ist nicht unterstützt, was ein ernsthafter Rückstand ist gegenüber der Backup-Unterstützung physikalischer Standbys unter Oracle Data Guard. Hinweis: Ein möglicher Workaround via Snapshots, bleibt ein Workaround. Eine weitere Einschränkung dieses Features gegenüber Oracle Data Guard besteht darin, dass das Backup eines sekundären Replikats nicht ausgeführt werden kann, wenn es nicht mit dem primären Replikat kommunizieren kann. Darüber hinaus muss das sekundäre Replikat synchronisiert sein oder sich in der Synchronisation befinden, um das Beackup auf dem sekundären Replikat erstellen zu können.   Vergleich von Microsoft AlwaysOn mit der Oracle MAA Ich komme wieder zurück auf die Eingangs erwähnte, mehrfach an mich gestellte Frage "Wann denn - und ob überhaupt - Oracle etwas Vergleichbares wie AlwaysOn bieten würde?" und meine damit verbundene (kurze) Irritation. Wenn Sie diesen Blogbeitrag bis hierher gelesen haben, dann kennen Sie jetzt meine darauf gegebene Antwort. Der eine oder andere Punkt traf dabei nicht immer auf Jeden zu, was auch nicht der tiefere Sinn und Zweck meiner Antwort war. Wenn beispielsweise kein Multi-Subnet mit im Spiel ist, sind alle diesbezüglichen Kritikpunkte zunächst obsolet. Was aber nicht bedeutet, dass sie nicht bereits morgen schon wieder zum Thema werden könnten (Sag niemals "Nie"). In manch anderes Fettnäpfchen tritt man wiederum nicht unbedingt in einer Testumgebung, sondern erst im laufenden Betrieb. Erst recht nicht dann, wenn man sich potenzieller Probleme nicht bewusst ist und keine dedizierten Tests startet. Und wer AlwaysOn erfolgreich positionieren möchte, wird auch gar kein Interesse daran haben, auf mögliche Schwachstellen und den besagten Teufel im Detail aufmerksam zu machen. Das ist keine Unterstellung - es ist nur menschlich. Außerdem ist es verständlich, dass man sich in erster Linie darauf konzentriert "was geht" und "was gut läuft", anstelle auf das "was zu Problemen führen kann" oder "nicht funktioniert". Wer will schon der Miesepeter sein? Für mich selbst gesprochen, kann ich nur sagen, dass ich lieber vorab von allen möglichen Einschränkungen wissen möchte, anstelle sie dann nach einer kurzen Zeit der heilen Welt schmerzhaft am eigenen Leib erfahren zu müssen. Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass es Ihnen nicht anders geht. Nachfolgend deshalb eine Zusammenfassung all jener Punkte, die ich im Vergleich zur Oracle MAA (Maximum Availability Architecture) als unbedingt Erwähnenswert betrachte, falls man eine Evaluierung von Microsoft AlwaysOn in Betracht zieht. 1. AlwaysOn ist eine komplexe Technologie Der SQL Server AlwaysOn Stack ist zusammengesetzt aus drei verschiedenen Technlogien: Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) SQL Server Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) Man kann eine derartige Lösung nicht als nahtlos bezeichnen, wofür auch die vielen von Microsoft dargestellten Einschränkungen sprechen. Während sich frühere SQL Server Versionen in Richtung eigener HA/DR Technologien entwickelten (wie Database Mirroring), empfiehlt Microsoft nun die Migration. Doch weshalb dieser Schwenk? Er führt nicht zu einem konsisten und robusten Angebot an HA/DR Technologie für geschäftskritische Umgebungen.  Liegt die Antwort in meiner These begründet, nach der "Windows was the God ..." noch immer gilt und man die Nachteile der allzu engen Kopplung mit Windows nicht sehen möchte? Entscheiden Sie selbst ... 2. Failover Cluster Instanzen - Kein RAC-Pendant Die SQL Server und Windows Server Clustering Technologie basiert noch immer auf dem veralteten Aktiv-Passiv Modell und führt zu einer Verschwendung von Systemressourcen. In einer Betrachtung von lediglich zwei Knoten erschließt sich auf Anhieb noch nicht der volle Mehrwert eines Aktiv-Aktiv Clusters (wie den Real Application Clusters), wie er von Oracle bereits vor zehn Jahren entwickelt wurde. Doch kennt man die Vorzüge der Skalierbarkeit durch einfaches Hinzufügen weiterer Cluster-Knoten, die dann alle gemeinsam als ein einziges logisches System zusammenarbeiten, versteht man was hinter dem Motto "Pay-as-you-Grow" steckt. In einem Aktiv-Aktiv Cluster geht es zwar auch um Hochverfügbarkeit - und ein Failover erfolgt zudem schneller, als in einem Aktiv-Passiv Modell - aber es geht eben nicht nur darum. An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Oracle 11g Standard Edition bereits die Nutzung von Oracle RAC bis zu vier Sockets kostenfrei beinhaltet. Möchten Sie dazu Windows nutzen, benötigen Sie keine Windows Server Enterprise Edition, da Oracle 11g die eigene Clusterware liefert. Sie kommen in den Genuss von Hochverfügbarkeit und Skalierbarkeit und können dazu die günstigere Windows Server Standard Edition nutzen. 3. SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering - Abhängigkeit zu 3rd Party Storage Mirroring  Die SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering Architektur unterstützt den Aufbau eines Stretch Clusters, basiert dabei aber auf dem Aktiv-Passiv Modell. Das eigentlich Problematische ist jedoch, dass man sich zur Absicherung der Datenbank auf 3rd Party Storage Mirroring Technologie verlässt, ohne Integration zwischen dem Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) und der darunterliegenden Mirroring Technologie. Wenn nun im Cluster ein Failover auf Instanzen-Ebene erfolgt, existiert keine Koordination mit einem möglichen Failover auf Ebene des Storage-Array. 4. Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) - Vier, oder doch nur Zwei? Ein primäres Replikat erlaubt bis zu vier sekundäre Replikate innerhalb einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe, jedoch nur zwei im Synchronen Commit Modus. Während dies zwar einen Vorteil gegenüber dem stringenten 1:1 Modell unter Database Mirroring darstellt, fällt der SQL Server 2012 damit immer noch weiter zurück hinter Oracle Data Guard mit bis zu 30 direkten Stanbdy Zielen - und vielen weiteren durch kaskadierende Ziele möglichen. Damit eignet sich Oracle Active Data Guard auch für die Bereitstellung einer Reader-Farm Skalierbarkeit für Internet-basierende Unternehmen. Mit AwaysOn Verfügbarkeitsgruppen ist dies nicht möglich. 5. Availability Groups (Verfügbarkeitsgruppen) - kein asynchrones Switchover  Die Technologie der Verfügbarkeitsgruppen wird auch als geeignetes Mittel für administrative Aufgaben positioniert - wie Upgrades oder Wartungsarbeiten. Man muss sich jedoch einem gravierendem Defizit bewusst sein: Im asynchronen Verfügbarkeitsmodus besteht die einzige Möglichkeit für Role Transition im Forced Failover mit Datenverlust! Um den Verlust von Daten durch geplante Wartungsarbeiten zu vermeiden, muss man den synchronen Verfügbarkeitsmodus konfigurieren, was jedoch ernstzunehmende Auswirkungen auf WAN Deployments nach sich zieht. Spinnt man diesen Gedanken zu Ende, kommt man zu dem Schluss, dass die Technologie der Verfügbarkeitsgruppen für geplante Wartungsarbeiten in einem derartigen Umfeld nicht effektiv genutzt werden kann. 6. Automatisches Failover - Nicht immer möglich Sowohl die SQL Server FCI, als auch Verfügbarkeitsgruppen unterstützen automatisches Failover. Möchte man diese jedoch kombinieren, wird das Ergebnis kein automatisches Failover sein. Denn ihr Zusammentreffen im Failover-Fall führt zu Race Conditions (Wettlaufsituationen), weshalb diese Konfiguration nicht länger das automatische Failover zu einem Replikat in einer Verfügbarkeitsgruppe erlaubt. Auch hier bestätigt sich wieder die tiefere Problematik von AlwaysOn, mit einer Zusammensetzung aus unterschiedlichen Technologien und der Abhängigkeit zu Windows. 7. Problematische RTO (Recovery Time Objective) Microsoft postioniert die SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering Architektur als brauchbare HA/DR Architektur. Bedenkt man jedoch die Problematik im Zusammenhang mit DNS Replikation und den möglichen langen Wartezeiten auf Client-Seite von bis zu 16 Minuten, sind strenge RTO Anforderungen (Recovery Time Objectives) nicht erfüllbar. Im Gegensatz zu Oracle besitzt der SQL Server keine Datenbank-integrierten Technologien, wie Oracle Fast Application Notification (FAN) oder Oracle Fast Connection Failover (FCF). 8. Problematische RPO (Recovery Point Objective) SQL Server ermöglicht Forced Failover (erzwungenes Failover), bietet jedoch keine Möglichkeit zur automatischen Übertragung der letzten Datenbits von einem alten zu einem neuen primären Replikat, wenn der Verfügbarkeitsmodus asynchron war. Oracle Data Guard hingegen bietet diese Unterstützung durch das Flush Redo Feature. Dies sichert "Zero Data Loss" und beste RPO auch in erzwungenen Failover-Situationen. 9. Lesbare Sekundäre Replikate mit Einschränkungen Aufgrund des Snapshot Isolation Transaction Level für lesbare sekundäre Replikate, besitzen diese Einschränkungen mit Auswirkung auf die primäre Datenbank. Die Bereinigung von Ghost Records auf der primären Datenbank, wird beeinflusst von lang laufenden Abfragen auf der lesabaren sekundären Datenbank. Die lesbare sekundäre Datenbank kann nicht in die Verfügbarkeitsgruppe aufgenommen werden, wenn es aktive Transaktionen auf der primären Datenbank gibt. Zusätzlich können DLL Änderungen auf der primären Datenbank durch Abfragen auf der sekundären blockiert werden. Und imkrementelle Backups werden hier nicht unterstützt.   Keine dieser Restriktionen existiert unter Oracle Data Guard.

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• Ping "replies" from same computer with 'Destination host unreachable' (no route to other computer)

  - by Srekel

  I've got two computers in a LAN behind a wireless router. One has XP with ip 192.168.1.2 This one has W7 with ip 192.168.1.7 If I try to ping the other one from this computer, I get this: C:\Users\Srekel>ping 192.168.1.2 Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.7: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1.7: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1.7: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.1.7: Destination host unreachable. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Tracert gives the same result: C:\Users\Srekel>tracert 192.168.1.2 Tracing route to 192.168.1.2 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 Kakburken4 [192.168.1.7] reports: Destination host unreachable. Trace complete. Although I can ping and tracert the router without any problems. I have disabled the firewalls on both computers. The router is set to use DHCP (if that matters). Here is the output from "route". C:\Users\Srekel>route print =========================================================================== Interface List 13...00 25 86 df c6 89 ......TP-LINK Wireless N Adapter 12...e0 cb 4e 26 b9 84 ......Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller #2 11...e0 cb 4e 26 be 94 ......Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 14...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.7 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.7 276 192.168.1.7 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.7 276 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.7 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.7 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.7 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 14 58 ::/0 On-link 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 14 58 2001::/32 On-link 14 306 2001:0:5ef5:73ba:881:20c1:3f57:fef8/128 On-link 14 306 fe80::/64 On-link 14 306 fe80::881:20c1:3f57:fef8/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 14 306 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None I've set up and debugged a few networks in my life but I'm not really an advanced network user, so I'm not sure what might be wrong. Any ideas? Oh, and pinging this computer from the other computer doesn't work either. EDIT: Adding arp output: C:\Users\Srekel>arp -a Interface: 192.168.1.7 --- 0xd Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.1.1 00-1f-33-ef-28-01 dynamic 192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static Adding ipconfig... C:\Users\Srekel>ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : Kakburken4 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TP-LINK Wireless N Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-25-86-DF-C6-89 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.7(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 09 April 2010 23:09:45 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 10 April 2010 23:09:45 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : E0-CB-4E-26-B9-84 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : E0-CB-4E-26-BE-94 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter isatap.{74D5C406-894E-4000-8DE7-6AAEBF7C8382}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:5ef5:73ba:881:20c1:3f57:fef8(Preferred) Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::881:20c1:3f57:fef8%14(Preferred) Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : :: NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled

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• Can ping device from one computer and not the other

  - by Sean Duggan

  I've recently been assigned to work on a diagnostic program done in C++ which communicates with a piece of electronic equipment. Our normal scenario involves communicating via an RS232 interface, but I've been asked to make our program work over ethernet, source code having been done in Visual Basic. After much thrashing about trying to get the code to work and continuing to get 10049 Winsock errors when I tried to connect, I tried pinging the switch. From the computer the VB program is running on, I can see the switch via ping, nslookup, tracert, and pathping (I was going down the list of programs) and I can do this via URI or IP address. From my laptop, sending the same commands fails every time. They're both using the same network cable and the same USB-to-Ethernet device (I've been swapping them between tests) but one can see the switch and the other cannot. I'm working on the programming end, but the ping results makes me think that there might be a network issue stymieing me. wry grin I'm not much of a network guy, so I'm appealing to expert assistance. Both computers are running Windows XP if that helps. The connection is to an "IP-RS8" device which then connects to our VCU-C units. Each unit is accessible via URI or IP address on the desktop computer we usually have connected to the units (it's running the older VB program that I was asked to lift the networking code from). The connection is made via a USB-to-Ethernet adapter so as to leave the regular Ethernet port available for connecting to the company network. Hmm... come to think of it, I've probably been confusing the issue, talking about pinging "the switch" rather than indicating that it's the devices. My apologies. Communication is generally done with a DLL that uses Winsock functions to make queries for data from the VCU and then to receive. I'm failing when connecting. I haven't found anything on the firewall which should block these commands, but I'll keep poking. I don't know if it's potentially relevant, but on the desktop, the adapter maps to Local Area Connection 3 while on the laptop, it consistently maps to Local Area Connection 2. Currently reading up on DHCP. IPConfig /all results: Desktop Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : AMERDAEXXXXXX Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : amer.example.com Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : COMPANY.com amer.example.com atle.example.com cone.example.com apac.example.com scan.example.com bYX.example.com Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection X: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : amer.example.com Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme XYxx Gigabit Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XX-YB-XX-XX-XX Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.XXX Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXY.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.X DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX XY.XXY.XXY.XX Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.X Secondary WINS Server . . . . . . : XY.XXY.XXY.X Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July XX, XYXX XY:XX:XX AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, July XX, XYXX XY:XX:XX AM Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection X: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : ASIX axYYYYX USBX.Y to Fast Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XY-BY-YX-XY-AY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.X Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXY.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.X DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.XY DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.X Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July XX, XYXX XY:XX:XY AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, August YX, XYXX XX:XY:XY AM Laptop Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : AMERLAFYYXXYX Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : amer.example.com Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : COMPANY.com amer.example.com atle.example.com cone.example.com apac.example.com scan.example.com bYX.example.com Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : amer.example.com Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82567LM Gigabit Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XY-BY-DY-XB-YX Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.XY Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXY.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.X DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX XY.XXY.XXY.XX Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.X Secondary WINS Server . . . . . . : XY.XXY.XXY.X Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July XX, XYXX XX:XX:XX AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, July XX, XYXX XX:XX:XX AM Ethernet adapter {XYXAAYXX-YEDY-XXYX-YYEX-BYXYXXYEEYEX}: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Nortel IPSECSHM Adapter - Packet Scheduler iniport Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-YY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : Y.Y.Y.Y Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : Y.Y.Y.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Leaf Networks Adapter: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Leaf Networks Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-FF-FA-BC-YF-AY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : X.XYY.XY.XX Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.Y.Y.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Bluetooth LAN Access Server Driver Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-FX-AX-YA-BY-CA Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) WiFi Link 5300 AGN Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XX-YA-CX-FC-YE Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : ASIX ax88772 USB2.0 to Fast Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XY-BY-YX-XY-AY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XYX.XYY.X.X Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXX.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :

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• Div not floating left

  - by Davey

  Can't seem to get this div to move to the left. Using wordpress. I tried a lot of things but am at a loss. Here is the css for the div: #portfolio li img { position: absolute; float: left; margin: 34px 50px 0 0; width: 942px; } Here is the header.php: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <!-- Design by Davey Whitney [email protected] --> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<?php bloginfo('charset'); ?>" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="wp-content/themes/zenlite/layout.css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php bloginfo('template_directory'); ?>/print.css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="wp-content/themes/zenlite/color.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.kwicks-1.5.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.innerfade.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/custom.js"></script> <title> Wildfire </title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://wfithaca.com/js/jquery.lavalamp.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://wfithaca.com/js/jquery.easing.1.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://wfithaca.com/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function my_kwicks(){ $('.kwicks').kwicks({ duration: 300, max: 200, spacing: 0 }); } $(document).ready(function(){ my_kwicks(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready( function(){ $('ul#portfolio').innerfade({ speed: 1000, timeout: 5000, type: 'sequence', }); }); </script> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $('li.headlink').hover( function() { $('ul', this).css('display', 'block'); }, function() { $('ul', this).css('display', 'none'); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="header"> <ul id="portfolio"> <li> <img src="http://wfithaca.com/images/banner1.png" /> </li> <li> <img src="http://wfithaca.com/images/banner1.png" /> </li> <li> <img src="http://wfithaca.com/images/banner1.png" /> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="navigation"> <div id="kwickbar"> <ul class="kwicks"> <li id="kwick1"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li id="kwick2"><a href="#">Menu</a></li> <li id="kwick3"><a href="#">Events</a></li> <li id="kwick4"><a href="#">Friends</a></li> <li id="kwick5"><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> Here is the stylesheet: html,body { font-family:Tahoma, Verdana,Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:100%; padding:0; color:#fff; border-style:none; } a { text-decoration:none; } a:hover,a:active,a:focus { text-decoration:none; } ul li { list-style-type:none; } ul.dbem_events_list a:link {color: #A32725; text-decoration: underline; } ul.dbem_events_list a:visited {color: #A32725; text-decoration: underline; } ul.dbem_events_list a:hover {color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; } ul.dbem_events_list{text-decoration:none; list-style-type:none;} ul li ul li { list-style-type:none; } ul li ul li ul li { list-style-type: none; } q:before, q:after { content:""; } #wrapper { width:986px; margin: 0 auto; } #header { background-image:url('images/headframe.png'); width:986px; height:271px; } #kwickbar { padding: 25px 0 0 25px; } #navigation { width:984px; height: 100px; background-color: #000000; text-decoration:none; margin-left:1px; } .update-post { float:left; width:100px; } #content { float:left; height:100%; width:984px; background-color: #000000; text-decoration:none; margin-left:1px; } #postcontent{ height:100%; width:100%; } #content .post { float:left; width:90px; } #content .page,#content .attachment,.postcontent { color:#fff; width:720px; margin-top:15px; margin-left:30px; float:left; text-decoration:none; } .photo { width: 250px; height:700px; background-color:#000000; margin:0 0 0 880px; } .slideshow { height: 232px; width: 232px; margin:0 0 0 880px; } .slideshow img { border: 5px solid #000; } .post-title { margin:0; padding:0; } .post-title a { text-decoration:none; } .post-title a:hover,.post-title a:active,.post-title a:focus { text-decoration:underline; } #content .meta li,#content .prevnext li,#content .gallery li { list-style-image:none; list-style:none; } .meta { margin:5px 0 0; padding:0; font-size:.85em; } .meta ul,.meta li { margin:0; padding:0; } .meta ul { display:inline; } .meta li li { display:inline; padding-right:.3em; } .postfoot { clear:both; margin-bottom:20px; padding-bottom:10px; line-height:1.2em; } .author .posts-by { padding-top:10px; } #footer { clear:both; margin:0; padding:0 0 5px; text-align:center; font-size:.8em; border: 0; width:960px; } #footer ul { clear:both; margin:0; padding:0; } #footer li { display:inline; margin:0; padding:0 5px; } #footer li.rss { position:relative; top:3px; } .copyright { padding:50px 0 0 0; font-family:verdana; color:#ffffff; text-align:left; width:800px; font-size:0.8em; } .copyright a { text-decoration:none; color:#7E0000; font-weight:600; } .copyright a:hover { color:#C0D341; } . .postcontent p { text-decoration:none; border:0; border-style:none; } .postcontent p a:hover { color:#fff; } .kwicks { list-style-type: none; list-style-position:outside; position: relative; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .kwicks li{ display: block; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; float: left; width: 125px; height: 40px; margin-right: 0px; background-image:url('http://wfithaca.com/images/kwicks.jpg'); background-repeat:no-repeat; } .kwicks a{ display:block; height:40px; text-indent:-9999px; outline:none; } #kwick1 { background-position:0px 0px; } #kwick2 { background-position:-200px 0px; } #kwick3 { background-position:-400px 0px; } #kwick4 { background-position:-600px 0px; } #kwick5 { background-position:-800px 0px; } #kwick1.active, #kwick1:hover { background-position: 0 bottom; } #kwick2.active, #kwick2:hover{ background-position: -200px bottom; } #kwick3.active, #kwick3:hover { background-position: -400px bottom; } #kwick4.active, #kwick4:hover { background-position: -600px bottom; } #kwick5.active, #kwick5:hover { background-position: -800px bottom; } #portfolio li img { position: absolute; float: left; margin: 34px 50px 0 0; width: 942px; } Just want the #portfolio li img div to move to the left a bit. any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Unable to use nMock GetProperty routine on a property of an inherited object...

  - by Chris

  I am getting this error when trying to set an expectation on an object I mocked that inherits from MembershipUser: ContactRepositoryTests.UpdateTest : FailedSystem.InvalidProgramException: JIT Compiler encountered an internal limitation. Server stack trace: at MockObjectType1.ToString() Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(ref MessageData msgData, Int32 type) at System.Object.ToString() at NMock2.Internal.ExpectationBuilder.On(Object receiver) Here are the tools I am using... VS2008 (SP1) Framework 3.5 nUnit 2.4.8 nMock 2.0.0.44 Resharper 4.1 I am at a loss as to why this would be happening. Any help would be appreciated. Test Class... [TestFixture] public class AddressRepositoryTests { private Mockery m_Mockery; private Data.IAddress m_MockDataAddress; private IUser m_MockUser; [SetUp] public void Setup() { m_Mockery = new Mockery(); m_MockDataAddress = m_Mockery.NewMock<Data.IAddress>(); m_MockUser = m_Mockery.NewMock<IUser>(); } [TearDown] public void TearDown() { m_Mockery.Dispose(); } [Test] public void CreateTest() { string line1 = "unitTestLine1"; string line2 = "unitTestLine2"; string city = "unitTestCity"; int stateId = 1893; string postalCode = "unitTestPostalCode"; int countryId = 223; bool active = false; int createdById = 1; Expect.Once .On(m_MockUser) .GetProperty("Identity") .Will(Return.Value(createdById)); Expect.Once .On(m_MockDataAddress) .Method("Insert") .With( line1, line2, city, stateId, postalCode, countryId, active, createdById, Is.Anything ) .Will(Return.Value(null)); IAddressRepository addressRepository = new AddressRepository(m_MockDataAddress); IAddress address = addressRepository.Create( line1, line2, city, stateId, postalCode, countryId, active, m_MockUser ); Assert.IsNull(address); } } User Class... public interface IUser { int? Identity { get; set; } int? CreatedBy { get; set; } DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; } int? ModifiedBy { get; set; } DateTime? ModifiedOn { get; set; } string UserName { get; } object ProviderUserKey { get; } string Email { get; set; } string PasswordQuestion { get; } string Comment { get; set; } bool IsApproved { get; set; } bool IsLockedOut { get; } DateTime LastLockoutDate { get; } DateTime CreationDate { get; } DateTime LastLoginDate { get; set; } DateTime LastActivityDate { get; set; } DateTime LastPasswordChangedDate { get; } bool IsOnline { get; } string ProviderName { get; } string ToString(); string GetPassword(); string GetPassword(string passwordAnswer); bool ChangePassword(string oldPassword, string newPassword); bool ChangePasswordQuestionAndAnswer(string password, string newPasswordQuestion, string newPasswordAnswer); string ResetPassword(string passwordAnswer); string ResetPassword(); bool UnlockUser(); } public class User : MembershipUser, IUser { #region Public Properties private int? m_Identity; public int? Identity { get { return m_Identity; } set { if (value <= 0) throw new Exception("Address.Identity must be greater than 0."); m_Identity = value; } } public int? CreatedBy { get; set; } private DateTime m_CreatedOn = DateTime.Now; public DateTime CreatedOn { get { return m_CreatedOn; } set { m_CreatedOn = value; } } public int? ModifiedBy { get; set; } public DateTime? ModifiedOn { get; set; } #endregion Public Properties #region Public Constructors public User() { } #endregion Public Constructors } Address Class... public interface IAddress { int? Identity { get; set; } string Line1 { get; set; } string Line2 { get; set; } string City { get; set; } string PostalCode { get; set; } bool Active { get; set; } int? CreatedBy { get; set; } DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; } int? ModifiedBy { get; set; } DateTime? ModifiedOn { get; set; } } public class Address : IAddress { #region Public Properties private int? m_Identity; public int? Identity { get { return m_Identity; } set { if (value <= 0) throw new Exception("Address.Identity must be greater than 0."); m_Identity = value; } } public string Line1 { get; set; } public string Line2 { get; set; } public string City { get; set; } public string PostalCode { get; set; } public bool Active { get; set; } public int? CreatedBy { get; set; } private DateTime m_CreatedOn = DateTime.Now; public DateTime CreatedOn { get { return m_CreatedOn; } set { m_CreatedOn = value; } } public int? ModifiedBy { get; set; } public DateTime? ModifiedOn { get; set; } #endregion Public Properties } AddressRepository Class... public interface IAddressRepository { IAddress Create(string line1, string line2, string city, int stateId, string postalCode, int countryId, bool active, IUser createdBy); } public class AddressRepository : IAddressRepository { #region Private Properties private Data.IAddress m_DataAddress; private Data.IAddress DataAddress { get { if (m_DataAddress == null) m_DataAddress = new Data.Address(); return m_DataAddress; } set { m_DataAddress = value; } } #endregion Private Properties #region Public Constructor public AddressRepository() { } public AddressRepository(Data.IAddress dataAddress) { DataAddress = dataAddress; } #endregion Public Constructor #region Public Methods public IAddress Create(string line1, string line2, string city, int stateId, string postalCode, int countryId, bool active, IUser createdBy) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(line1)) throw new Exception("You must enter a Address Line 1 to register."); if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(city)) throw new Exception("You must enter a City to register."); if (stateId <= 0) throw new Exception("You must select a State to register."); if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(postalCode)) throw new Exception("You must enter a Postal Code to register."); if (countryId <= 0) throw new Exception("You must select a Country to register."); DataSet dataSet = DataAddress.Insert( line1, line2, city, stateId, postalCode, countryId, active, createdBy.Identity, DateTime.Now ); return null; } #endregion Public Methods } DataAddress Class... public interface IAddress { DataSet GetByAddressId (int? AddressId); DataSet Update (int? AddressId, string Address1, string Address2, string City, int? StateId, string PostalCode, int? CountryId, bool? IsActive, Guid? ModifiedBy); DataSet Insert (string Address1, string Address2, string City, int? StateId, string PostalCode, int? CountryId, bool? IsActive, int? CreatedBy, DateTime? CreatedOn); } public class Address : IAddress { public DataSet GetByAddressId (int? AddressId) { Database database = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = database.GetStoredProcCommand("prAddress_GetByAddressId"); DataSet dataSet; try { database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "AddressId", DbType.Int32, AddressId); dataSet = database.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); } catch (SqlException sqlException) { string callMessage = "prAddress_GetByAddressId " + "@AddressId = " + AddressId; throw new Exception(callMessage, sqlException); } return dataSet; } public DataSet Update (int? AddressId, string Address1, string Address2, string City, int? StateId, string PostalCode, int? CountryId, bool? IsActive, Guid? ModifiedBy) { Database database = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = database.GetStoredProcCommand("prAddress_Update"); DataSet dataSet; try { database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "AddressId", DbType.Int32, AddressId); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "Address1", DbType.AnsiString, Address1); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "Address2", DbType.AnsiString, Address2); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "City", DbType.AnsiString, City); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "StateId", DbType.Int32, StateId); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "PostalCode", DbType.AnsiString, PostalCode); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CountryId", DbType.Int32, CountryId); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "IsActive", DbType.Boolean, IsActive); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ModifiedBy", DbType.Guid, ModifiedBy); dataSet = database.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); } catch (SqlException sqlException) { string callMessage = "prAddress_Update " + "@AddressId = " + AddressId + ", @Address1 = " + Address1 + ", @Address2 = " + Address2 + ", @City = " + City + ", @StateId = " + StateId + ", @PostalCode = " + PostalCode + ", @CountryId = " + CountryId + ", @IsActive = " + IsActive + ", @ModifiedBy = " + ModifiedBy; throw new Exception(callMessage, sqlException); } return dataSet; } public DataSet Insert (string Address1, string Address2, string City, int? StateId, string PostalCode, int? CountryId, bool? IsActive, int? CreatedBy, DateTime? CreatedOn) { Database database = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = database.GetStoredProcCommand("prAddress_Insert"); DataSet dataSet; try { database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "Address1", DbType.AnsiString, Address1); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "Address2", DbType.AnsiString, Address2); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "City", DbType.AnsiString, City); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "StateId", DbType.Int32, StateId); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "PostalCode", DbType.AnsiString, PostalCode); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CountryId", DbType.Int32, CountryId); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "IsActive", DbType.Boolean, IsActive); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CreatedBy", DbType.Int32, CreatedBy); database.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CreatedOn", DbType.DateTime, CreatedOn); dataSet = database.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); } catch (SqlException sqlException) { string callMessage = "prAddress_Insert " + "@Address1 = " + Address1 + ", @Address2 = " + Address2 + ", @City = " + City + ", @StateId = " + StateId + ", @PostalCode = " + PostalCode + ", @CountryId = " + CountryId + ", @IsActive = " + IsActive + ", @CreatedBy = " + CreatedBy + ", @CreatedOn = " + CreatedOn; throw new Exception(callMessage, sqlException); } return dataSet; } }

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• Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

  - by raul.goycoolea

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract   Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA.   Introduction   A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders.   Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc.   Purpose of Reference Architecture   In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness.   Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices.   Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level:   ·       Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise ·       Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. ·       Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles ·       Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc ·       A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information ·       Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security ·       Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. ·       Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets ·       Has a shorter implementation time and cost   Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO).     Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers   Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider:   ·       In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. ·       Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. ·       Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. ·       Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. ·       Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. ·       Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. ·       Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems   However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape.   Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture   Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges.   “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum.   The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture:   ·       Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements ·       Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. ·       Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) ·       Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services ·       Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem ·       (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks ·       Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products ·       Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products   Drivers of Reference Architecture   The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure.   Telecom reference architectures are today expected to:   ·       Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems ·       Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services ·       Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure ·       Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. ·       Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g.  Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. ·       Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations ·       Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) ·       Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management ·       Lower operating costs to drive profitability   Enterprise Reference Architecture   The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA.   • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture   Telecom Reference Architecture   Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements:   ·       The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. ·       The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. ·       The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. ·       The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes.   NGOSS Architecture Standards are:   ·       Centralized data ·       Loosely coupled distributed systems ·       Application components/re-use  ·       A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations ·       Interoperability to service provider data/processes ·       Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios ·       Workflow automation   The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers,   ·       Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. ·       Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. ·       Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. ·       Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility.   Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture   The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows:   1. Customer Relationship Management   CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty.   CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise.   The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are   ·       Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. ·       Create and manage customer profiles. ·       Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. ·       Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. ·       Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. ·       Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). ·       Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions.   CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing.   2. Billing and Revenue Management   Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. ·       To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. ·       To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. ·       Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. ·       Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. ·       Support prepaid and post-paid rating. ·       Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. ·       Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. ·       Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. ·       Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. ·       Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc.   Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements.   3. Mediation   Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution.   ·       Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. ·       Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. ·       Validate Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. ·       Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. ·       Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. ·       Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. ·       Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window.   4. Fulfillment   This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; ·       Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; ·       Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; ·       Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; ·       Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; ·       Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; ·       Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and ·       Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer.   These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders.   5. Enterprise Management   This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that   ·       Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.;   ·       Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business;   ·       Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc.     (i) Enterprise Risk Management:   Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are:   ·       Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o   Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o   Interconnect bill verification. o   Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o   Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o   Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o   Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized.   ·       Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator.   The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows:   o   Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o   Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o   The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o   The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems   (ii) Knowledge Management   This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions.   Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to   ·       Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. ·       Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse ·       Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. ·       Run report generator. ·       Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc.   (iii) Document Management   It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system.   (iv) Data Management   It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management.   Key responsibilities of Data Management are   ·       Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. ·       Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) ·       Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. ·       Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use.   (v) Business Intelligence   It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level:   ·       It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. ·       It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. ·       It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. ·       It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. ·       It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. ·       It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions.   It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer   ·       It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence.   (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management   It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations.   (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning   It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment.   The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below:   ·        It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. ·       It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. ·       It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. ·       It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. ·       It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges.   6. External Interfaces/Touch Points   The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including:   ·       Exchange of emails or faxes ·       Call Centers ·       Web Portals ·       Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions   These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points.   Typical characteristics of these touch points are   ·       Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine ·       Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment ·       Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application   These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses.   7. Middleware   The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution.   ·       As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces ·       Provide a web service framework with service registry. ·       Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. ·       Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. ·       Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. ·       Use standard XML for data exchange. ·       Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. ·       Provide a tracking until the response completion. ·       Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. ·       Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. ·       Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. ·       Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component.   8. Network Elements   The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.   Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc.   Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment.   9. 3rd Party Applications   3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government.   Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done.   10. Service Delivery Platform   A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction.   SOA Reference Architecture   SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques.   In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables:   ·       The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services ·       Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface ·       A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs ·       Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services ·       Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change ·       Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services   ·       A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis   The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits.   Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers.   COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives.   The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers.   The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1.          Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation.   ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc.   CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc.   Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components:   ·       Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges ·       Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured.   MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data.     2.          Enterprise Component Layer:   This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing.   Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are:   ·       Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc.   ·       Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query.   ·       Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design.   Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc.   3.          Integration Layer:   This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime.   • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework.   4.          Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains.   5.          Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services.   6.          Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications.   7.          Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications.   8.          Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance.     9.          EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices:   EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology).   Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey.   Conclusions   Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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• Unable to ping local machines by name in Windows 7

  - by aardvarkk

  I'm having a strange (and persistent!) problem with pinging local machines on my network by name. I believe my machine (Windows 7 64-bit) is the only one having this issue. This is over a wireless connection. As an example, consider a device on my network by the name of WDTVLiveHub. It's a Western Digital Live Hub (surprise!). If I go to my router's DHCP Client Table in the browser (my router is a WRT400N), I see this entry: WDTVLiveHub 192.168.1.101 Great. So I try to ping that IP address: ping 192.168.1.101 Pinging 192.168.1.101 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=64 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.101: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 14ms OK, still looking good. Now I try to ping it by name: ping WDTVLiveHub Ping request could not find host WDTVLiveHub. Please check the name and try again. From what I've read, this implies a problem with DNS servers and host name lookups. Interestingly, if I type the following: pathping 192.168.1.101 I get this output: Tracing route to WDTVLIVEHUB [192.168.1.101] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 Scotty [192.168.1.103] 1 WDTVLIVEHUB [192.168.1.101] Computing statistics for 25 seconds... Source to Here This Node/Link Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 Scotty [192.168.1.103] 1/ 100 = 1% | 1 12ms 1/ 100 = 1% 0/ 100 = 0% WDTVLIVEHUB [192.168.1.101] Trace complete. Scotty is obviously the name of my local machine. So it's able to find the name somehow when I do that approach... ipconfig /all shows the following under DNS servers: DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 ***.***.***.*** ***.***.***.*** Where the * represents the same DNS servers that show up in my router under DNS 1 and DNS 2 through the Internet. For completeness, here's the whole output of ipconfig /all: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : Scotty Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Peer-Peer IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Dell Wireless 1397 WLAN Mini-Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 0C-EE-E6-D1-07-E8 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2002:d83a:31e5:1234:5592:398e:8968:43d1(Preferred) Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2002:d83a:31e5:1234:ecce:2f79:72a5:5273(Preferred) Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5592:398e:8968:43d1%26(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.103(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : September-17-12 11:05:57 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : September-18-12 11:05:57 PM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::200:ff:fe00:0%26 192.168.1.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 537718502 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-12-80-3D-D7-00-26-B9-0D-08-70 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 ***.***.***.*** ***.***.***.*** NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VirtualBox Host-Only Network: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 08-00-27-00-98-9A DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::b48a:916b:c0f:fb29%23(Preferred) Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address. . : 169.254.251.41(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 570949671 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-12-80-3D-D7-00-26-B9-0D-08-70 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 15: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter isatap.{55899375-C31D-4173-A529-4427D63FD28B}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter isatap.{64B8F35F-A6AB-4D6B-B1D5-DD95F57B1458}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Not sure exactly how to diagnose exactly what's going on... but the problem is really frustrating! The biggest problem is that my mapped network drives have to be done by IP, and then any time the router assigns new IP addresses to those devices, all of my network shares break again. Stinks! Would love some assistance on possible solutions. I've tried all of this netsh catalog resetting and that didn't seem to fix anything at all. Would love an explanation of what's going wrong, too, rather than blindly resetting things! Thanks!

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• VPN Connection causes DNS to use wrong DNS server

  - by Bryan

  I have a Windows 7 PC on our company network (which is a member of our Active Directory). Everything works fine until I open a VPN connection to a customer's site. When I do connect, I lose network access to shares on the network, including directories such as 'Application Data' that we have a folder redirection policy for. As you can imagine, this makes working on the PC very difficult, as desktop shortcuts stop working, software stops working properly due to having 'Application Data' pulled from under it. Our network is routed (10.58.5.0/24), with other local subnets existing within the scope of 10.58.0.0/16. The remote network is on 192.168.0.0/24. I've tracked the issue down to being DNS related. As soon as I open the VPN tunnel, all my DNS traffic goes via the remote network, which explains the loss of local resources, but my question is, how can I force local DNS queries to go to our local DNS servers rather than our customers? The output of ipconfig /all when not connected to the VPN is below: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : 7k5xy4j Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : mydomain.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : mydomain.local Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mydomain.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::9457:c5e0:6f10:b298%10(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.89(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 31 January 2012 15:55:47 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 10 February 2012 10:11:30 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 250629538 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-14-AC-76-2D-F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 10.58.3.33 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled This is the output of the same command with the VPN tunnel connected: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : 7k5xy4j Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : mydomain.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : mydomain.local PPP adapter Customer Domain: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : customerdomain.com Description . . . . . . . . . . . : CustomerDomain Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.85(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.16 192.168.0.17 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.17 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mydomain.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::9457:c5e0:6f10:b298%10(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.89(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 31 January 2012 15:55:47 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 10 February 2012 10:11:30 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 250629538 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-14-AC-76-2D-F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 10.58.3.33 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Routing table Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.58.5.1 10.58.5.89 20 10.58.5.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 10.58.5.89 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 10.58.5.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 91.194.153.42 255.255.255.255 10.58.5.1 10.58.5.89 21 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.95 192.168.0.85 21 192.168.0.85 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.85 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.85 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.85 276 The binding order for the interfaces is as follows: I've not configured the VPN tunnel to use the default gateway at the remote end, and network comms to nodes on both networks are fine. (i.e. I can ping any node on our network or the remote network). I've modified the PPTP connection properties to use the DNS servers 10.58.3.32 followed by 192.168.0.16, yet the query still goes to 192.168.0.16. Edit: The local resources that disappear are hosted on domain DFS roots, which might (or might not) be relevant.

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• ?Exadata??????DBFS

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  ?Exadata???DBFS ??????? 1. ??fuse RPM  [root@dm01db01 ~]# yum install fuse Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with ULN. ULN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package fuse.x86_64 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================================================================  Package                            Arch                                 Version                                         Repository                                Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing:  fuse                               x86_64                               2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                                 el5_latest                                85 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================== Install       1 Package(s) Upgrade       0 Package(s) Total download size: 85 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: fuse-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                  |  85 kB     00:00      Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing     : fuse                                                                                                                                             1/1  Installed:   fuse.x86_64 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                                                                                                                                          [root@dm01db01 ~]# yum install fuse-libs Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with ULN. ULN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package fuse-libs.i386 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5 set to be updated ---> Package fuse-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================================================================  Package                                Arch                                Version                                       Repository                               Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing:  fuse-libs                              i386                                2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                               el5_latest                               71 k  fuse-libs                              x86_64                              2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                               el5_latest                               70 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================== Install       2 Package(s) Upgrade       0 Package(s) Total download size: 141 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): fuse-libs-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                      |  70 kB     00:00      (2/2): fuse-libs-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.i386.rpm                                                                                                        |  71 kB     00:00      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total                                                                                                                                    71 kB/s | 141 kB     00:01      Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing     : fuse-libs                                                                                                                                        1/2    Installing     : fuse-libs                                                                                                                                        2/2  Installed:   fuse-libs.i386 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                                                  fuse-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                                                  Complete! [root@dm01db01 ~]# yum install fuse-devel Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with ULN. ULN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package fuse-devel.i386 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5 set to be updated ---> Package fuse-devel.x86_64 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================================================================  Package                                 Arch                                Version                                      Repository                               Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing:  fuse-devel                              i386                                2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                              el5_latest                               28 k  fuse-devel                              x86_64                              2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                              el5_latest                               28 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================== Install       2 Package(s) Upgrade       0 Package(s) Total download size: 57 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                     |  28 kB     00:00      (2/2): fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.i386.rpm                                                                                                       |  28 kB     00:00      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total                                                                                                                                    21 kB/s |  57 kB     00:02      Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing     : fuse-devel                                                                                                                                       1/2    Installing     : fuse-devel                                                                                                                                       2/2  Installed:   fuse-devel.i386 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                                                 fuse-devel.x86_64 0:2.7.4-8.0.1.el5                                                 Complete! 2. ?? DBFS??? ?????? cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin sqlplus / as sysdba Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> @prvtfspi.plb Package body created. No errors. Package body created. No errors. ?????dbms_dbfs_sfs package  SQL> create tablespace dbfstbs datafile size 20g; Tablespace created. SQL> create user maclean_dbfs identified by oracle; User created. SQL> grant dba to maclean_dbfs; Grant succeeded. @@!!! SQL> grant  dbfs_role to maclean_dbfs; Grant succeeded. 3. ??DBFS SQL> conn maclean_dbfs/oracle Connected. SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/dbfs_create_filesystem.sql  dbfstbs mac_dbfs   No errors. -------- CREATE STORE: begin dbms_dbfs_sfs.createFilesystem(store_name => 'FS_MAC_DBFS', tbl_name => 'T_MAC_DBFS', tbl_tbs => 'dbfstbs', lob_tbs => 'dbfstbs', do_partition => false, partition_key => 1, do_compress => false, compression => '', do_dedup => false, do_encrypt => false); end; -------- REGISTER STORE: begin dbms_dbfs_content.registerStore(store_name=> 'FS_MAC_DBFS', provider_name => 'sample1', provider_package => 'dbms_dbfs_sfs'); end; -------- MOUNT STORE: begin dbms_dbfs_content.mountStore(store_name=>'FS_MAC_DBFS', store_mount=>'mac_dbfs'); end; -------- CHMOD STORE: declare m integer; begin m := dbms_fuse.fs_chmod('/mac_dbfs', 16895); end; No errors. 4.  ??mount point  [root@dm01db01 ~]# mkdir /dbfs [root@dm01db01 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /dbfs 5. ??library path ?OS  # echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf 6. ?????? export ORACLE_HOME=/s01/orabase/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@dm01db01 ~]# ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 /usr/local/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 [root@dm01db01 ~]#  ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libnnz11.so /usr/local/lib/libnnz11.so [root@dm01db01 ~]#  ln -s /lib64/libfuse.so.2 /usr/local/lib/libfuse.so.2 7. ??ldconfig  [root@dm01db01 ~]# ldconfig [root@dm01db01 ~]#  8. ??fusermount??????? [root@dm01db01 ~]#  chmod +x /usr/bin/fusermount [root@dm01db01 ~]#  ls -l /usr/bin/fusermount lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep  7 03:06 /usr/bin/fusermount -> /bin/fusermount [root@dm01db01 ~]#  ls -l /bin/fusermount -rwsr-x--x 1 root fuse 27072 Oct 17  2011 /bin/fusermount 9. ???????OS  dbfs_client maclean_dbfs@dm01db01:1521/orcl  /dbfs 10. ????nohup + &?????mount DBFS,???????????? [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ echo "oracle"  >> dbfs_pw [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ nohup dbfs_client maclean_dbfs@dm01db01:1521/orcl /dbfs < dbfs_pw & [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VGExaDb-LVDbSys1                        30G   15G   14G  53% / /dev/sda1             502M   30M  447M   7% /boot /dev/mapper/VGExaDb-LVDbOra1                        99G   20G   75G  21% /u01 tmpfs                  81G     0   81G   0% /dev/shm dbfs-maclean_dbfs@orcl:/                        20G  120K   20G   1% /dbfs [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ mount /dev/mapper/VGExaDb-LVDbSys1 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw,nodev) /dev/mapper/VGExaDb-LVDbOra1 on /u01 type ext3 (rw,nodev) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,size=82052m) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) dbfs-maclean_dbfs@orcl:/ on /dbfs type fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,max_read=1048576,default_permissions,user=oracle) [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ ls -l /dbfs/ total 0 drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 0 Sep 14 05:11 mac_dbfs [oracle@nas ~]$ dbfs_client  --------MOUNT mode: usage: dbfs_client <db_user>@<db_server> [options] <mountpoint>   db_user:              Name of Database user that owns DBFS content repository filesystem(s)   db_server:            A valid connect string for Oracle database server                         (for example, hrdb_host:1521/hrservice)   mountpoint:           Path to mount Database File System(s)                         All the file systems owned by the database user will be seen at the mountpoint. DBFS options:   -o direct_io          Bypass the Linux page cache. Gives much better performance for large files.                         Programs in the file system cannot be executed with this option.                         This option is recommended when DBFS is used as an ETL staging area.   -o wallet             Run dbfs_client in background.                         Wallet must be configured to get credentials.   -o failover           dbfs_client fails over to surviving database instance with no data loss.                         Some performance cost on writes, especially for small files.   -o allow_root         Allows root access to the filesystem.                         This option requires setting 'user_allow_other' parameter in '/etc/fuse.conf'.   -o allow_other        Allows other users access to the file system.                         This option requires setting 'user_allow_other' parameter in '/etc/fuse.conf'.   -o rw                 Mount the filesystem read-write. [Default]   -o ro                 Mount the filesystem read-only. Files cannot be modified.   -o trace_file=STR     Tracing <filename> | 'syslog'   -o trace_level=N      Trace Level: 1->DEBUG, 2->INFO, 3->WARNING, 4->ERROR, 5->CRITICAL [Default: 4]   -h                    help   -V                    version --------COMMAND mode: Usage:     dbfs_client <db_user>@<db_server> --command command [switches] [arguments]             command:          Command to be executed, e.g., ls, cp, mkdir, rm            switches:         Switches are described below for each command.            arguments:        File names or directory names NOTE:      All database pathnames must be absolute and preceded by dbfs:/ Commands   ls            dbfs_client <db_user>@<db_server> --command ls [switches] target      Switches:              -a         Show all files including those starting with '.'            -l         Use a long listing format. In addition to the name of each file                       print the file type, permissions, size, user and group information            -R         List subdirectories recursively cp                     dbfs_client <db_user>@<db_server> --command cp [switches] source destination      Switches:              -r, -R      Copy a directory and its contents recursively into the destination directory rm                     dbfs_client <db_user>@<db_server> --command rm [switches] target      Switches:              -r, -R      Removes a directory and its contents recursively mkdir                  dbfs_client <db_user>@<db_server> --command mkdir directory_name Examples                     dbfs_client ETLUser@DBConnectString --command ls -l -a dbfs:/staging_area/directory1            dbfs_client ETLUser@DBConnectString --command cp -R  /tmp/1-Jan-2009-dump dbfs:/staging_area            dbfs_client ETLUser@DBConnectString --command rm dbfs:/staging_area/hello.txt            dbfs_client ETLUser@DBConnectString --command mkdir dbfs:/staging_area/directory2 [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ ls -lh /tmp/largefile -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2.0G Sep 14 08:50 /tmp/largefile [oracle@dm01db01 ~]$ time dbfs_client  maclean_dbfs@dm01db01:1521/orcl --command cp /tmp/largefile dbfs:/mac_dbfs Password: /tmp/largefile -> dbfs:/mac_dbfs/largefile real    0m11.802s user    0m0.580s sys     0m2.375s ?Exadata?????2G?????? DBFS???11s => 200MB/s 

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• Problems extracting information from RSS feed description field

  - by Graeme

  Hi, I've built an iPhone application using the parsing code from the TopSongs sample iPhone application. I've hit a problem though - the feed I'm trying to parse data from doesn't have a separate field for every piece of information (i.e. if it was for a feed about dogs, all the information such as dog type, dog age and dog price is contained in the feed. However, the TopSongs app relies on information having its own tags, so instead of using it uses and . So my question is this. How do I extract this information from the description field so that it can be parsed using the TopSongs parser? Can you somehow extract the dog age, price and type information using Yahoo Pipes and use that RSS feed for the feed? Or is there code that I can add to do it in application? Update: To view the code of my application parser (based on the TopSongs Core Data Apple provided application, see below. Here's a sample of one item from the the actual RSS feed I'm using (the description is longer, and has status,size, and a couple of other fields, but they're all formatted the same.: <item> <title>MOE, MARGRET STREET</title> <description> <b>District/Region:</b>&nbsp;REGION 09</br><b>Location:</b>&nbsp;MOE</br><b>Name:</b>&nbsp;MARGRET STREET</br></description> <pubDate>Thu,11 Mar 2010 05:43:03 GMT</pubDate> <guid>1266148</guid> </item> /* File: iTunesRSSImporter.m Abstract: Downloads, parses, and imports the iTunes top songs RSS feed into Core Data. Version: 1.1 Disclaimer: IMPORTANT: This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple Inc. ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the following terms, and your use, installation, modification or redistribution of this Apple software constitutes acceptance of these terms. If you do not agree with these terms, please do not use, install, modify or redistribute this Apple software. In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and subject to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive license, under Apple's copyrights in this original Apple software (the "Apple Software"), to use, reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple Software, with or without modifications, in source and/or binary forms; provided that if you redistribute the Apple Software in its entirety and without modifications, you must retain this notice and the following text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of the Apple Software. Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Inc. may be used to endorse or promote products derived from the Apple Software without specific prior written permission from Apple. Except as expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express or implied, are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to any patent rights that may be infringed by your derivative works or by other works in which the Apple Software may be incorporated. The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis. APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION, MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Copyright (C) 2009 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. */ #import "iTunesRSSImporter.h" #import "Song.h" #import "Category.h" #import "CategoryCache.h" #import <libxml/tree.h> // Function prototypes for SAX callbacks. This sample implements a minimal subset of SAX callbacks. // Depending on your application's needs, you might want to implement more callbacks. static void startElementSAX(void *context, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI, int nb_namespaces, const xmlChar **namespaces, int nb_attributes, int nb_defaulted, const xmlChar **attributes); static void endElementSAX(void *context, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI); static void charactersFoundSAX(void *context, const xmlChar *characters, int length); static void errorEncounteredSAX(void *context, const char *errorMessage, ...); // Forward reference. The structure is defined in full at the end of the file. static xmlSAXHandler simpleSAXHandlerStruct; // Class extension for private properties and methods. @interface iTunesRSSImporter () @property BOOL storingCharacters; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableData *characterBuffer; @property BOOL done; @property BOOL parsingASong; @property NSUInteger countForCurrentBatch; @property (nonatomic, retain) Song *currentSong; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSURLConnection *rssConnection; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter; // The autorelease pool property is assign because autorelease pools cannot be retained. @property (nonatomic, assign) NSAutoreleasePool *importPool; @end static double lookuptime = 0; @implementation iTunesRSSImporter @synthesize iTunesURL, delegate, persistentStoreCoordinator; @synthesize rssConnection, done, parsingASong, storingCharacters, currentSong, countForCurrentBatch, characterBuffer, dateFormatter, importPool; - (void)dealloc { [iTunesURL release]; [characterBuffer release]; [currentSong release]; [rssConnection release]; [dateFormatter release]; [persistentStoreCoordinator release]; [insertionContext release]; [songEntityDescription release]; [theCache release]; [super dealloc]; } - (void)main { self.importPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; if (delegate && [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importerDidSave:)]) { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:delegate selector:@selector(importerDidSave:) name:NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification object:self.insertionContext]; } done = NO; self.dateFormatter = [[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init] autorelease]; [dateFormatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterLongStyle]; [dateFormatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterNoStyle]; // necessary because iTunes RSS feed is not localized, so if the device region has been set to other than US // the date formatter must be set to US locale in order to parse the dates [dateFormatter setLocale:[[[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"US"] autorelease]]; self.characterBuffer = [NSMutableData data]; NSURLRequest *theRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:iTunesURL]; // create the connection with the request and start loading the data rssConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self]; // This creates a context for "push" parsing in which chunks of data that are not "well balanced" can be passed // to the context for streaming parsing. The handler structure defined above will be used for all the parsing. // The second argument, self, will be passed as user data to each of the SAX handlers. The last three arguments // are left blank to avoid creating a tree in memory. context = xmlCreatePushParserCtxt(&simpleSAXHandlerStruct, self, NULL, 0, NULL); if (rssConnection != nil) { do { [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]]; } while (!done); } // Display the total time spent finding a specific object for a relationship NSLog(@"lookup time %f", lookuptime); // Release resources used only in this thread. xmlFreeParserCtxt(context); self.characterBuffer = nil; self.dateFormatter = nil; self.rssConnection = nil; self.currentSong = nil; [theCache release]; theCache = nil; NSError *saveError = nil; NSAssert1([insertionContext save:&saveError], @"Unhandled error saving managed object context in import thread: %@", [saveError localizedDescription]); if (delegate && [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importerDidSave:)]) { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:delegate name:NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification object:self.insertionContext]; } if (self.delegate != nil && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importerDidFinishParsingData:)]) { [self.delegate importerDidFinishParsingData:self]; } [importPool release]; self.importPool = nil; } - (NSManagedObjectContext *)insertionContext { if (insertionContext == nil) { insertionContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init]; [insertionContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator:self.persistentStoreCoordinator]; } return insertionContext; } - (void)forwardError:(NSError *)error { if (self.delegate != nil && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importer:didFailWithError:)]) { [self.delegate importer:self didFailWithError:error]; } } - (NSEntityDescription *)songEntityDescription { if (songEntityDescription == nil) { songEntityDescription = [[NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Song" inManagedObjectContext:self.insertionContext] retain]; } return songEntityDescription; } - (CategoryCache *)theCache { if (theCache == nil) { theCache = [[CategoryCache alloc] init]; theCache.managedObjectContext = self.insertionContext; } return theCache; } - (Song *)currentSong { if (currentSong == nil) { currentSong = [[Song alloc] initWithEntity:self.songEntityDescription insertIntoManagedObjectContext:self.insertionContext]; } return currentSong; } #pragma mark NSURLConnection Delegate methods // Forward errors to the delegate. - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(forwardError:) withObject:error waitUntilDone:NO]; // Set the condition which ends the run loop. done = YES; } // Called when a chunk of data has been downloaded. - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { // Process the downloaded chunk of data. xmlParseChunk(context, (const char *)[data bytes], [data length], 0); } - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { // Signal the context that parsing is complete by passing "1" as the last parameter. xmlParseChunk(context, NULL, 0, 1); context = NULL; // Set the condition which ends the run loop. done = YES; } #pragma mark Parsing support methods static const NSUInteger kImportBatchSize = 20; - (void)finishedCurrentSong { parsingASong = NO; self.currentSong = nil; countForCurrentBatch++; // Periodically purge the autorelease pool and save the context. The frequency of this action may need to be tuned according to the // size of the objects being parsed. The goal is to keep the autorelease pool from growing too large, but // taking this action too frequently would be wasteful and reduce performance. if (countForCurrentBatch == kImportBatchSize) { [importPool release]; self.importPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSError *saveError = nil; NSAssert1([insertionContext save:&saveError], @"Unhandled error saving managed object context in import thread: %@", [saveError localizedDescription]); countForCurrentBatch = 0; } } /* Character data is appended to a buffer until the current element ends. */ - (void)appendCharacters:(const char *)charactersFound length:(NSInteger)length { [characterBuffer appendBytes:charactersFound length:length]; } - (NSString *)currentString { // Create a string with the character data using UTF-8 encoding. UTF-8 is the default XML data encoding. NSString *currentString = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:characterBuffer encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease]; [characterBuffer setLength:0]; return currentString; } @end #pragma mark SAX Parsing Callbacks // The following constants are the XML element names and their string lengths for parsing comparison. // The lengths include the null terminator, to ensure exact matches. static const char *kName_Item = "item"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Item = 5; static const char *kName_Title = "title"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Title = 6; static const char *kName_Category = "category"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Category = 9; static const char *kName_Itms = "itms"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Itms = 5; static const char *kName_Artist = "description"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Artist = 7; static const char *kName_Album = "description"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Album = 6; static const char *kName_ReleaseDate = "releasedate"; static const NSUInteger kLength_ReleaseDate = 12; /* This callback is invoked when the importer finds the beginning of a node in the XML. For this application, out parsing needs are relatively modest - we need only match the node name. An "item" node is a record of data about a song. In that case we create a new Song object. The other nodes of interest are several of the child nodes of the Song currently being parsed. For those nodes we want to accumulate the character data in a buffer. Some of the child nodes use a namespace prefix. */ static void startElementSAX(void *parsingContext, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI, int nb_namespaces, const xmlChar **namespaces, int nb_attributes, int nb_defaulted, const xmlChar **attributes) { iTunesRSSImporter *importer = (iTunesRSSImporter *)parsingContext; // The second parameter to strncmp is the name of the element, which we known from the XML schema of the feed. // The third parameter to strncmp is the number of characters in the element name, plus 1 for the null terminator. if (prefix == NULL && !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Item, kLength_Item)) { importer.parsingASong = YES; } else if (importer.parsingASong && ( (prefix == NULL && (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Title, kLength_Title) || !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Category, kLength_Category))) || ((prefix != NULL && !strncmp((const char *)prefix, kName_Itms, kLength_Itms)) && (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Artist, kLength_Artist) || !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Album, kLength_Album) || !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_ReleaseDate, kLength_ReleaseDate))) )) { importer.storingCharacters = YES; } } /* This callback is invoked when the parse reaches the end of a node. At that point we finish processing that node, if it is of interest to us. For "item" nodes, that means we have completed parsing a Song object. We pass the song to a method in the superclass which will eventually deliver it to the delegate. For the other nodes we care about, this means we have all the character data. The next step is to create an NSString using the buffer contents and store that with the current Song object. */ static void endElementSAX(void *parsingContext, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI) { iTunesRSSImporter *importer = (iTunesRSSImporter *)parsingContext; if (importer.parsingASong == NO) return; if (prefix == NULL) { if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Item, kLength_Item)) { [importer finishedCurrentSong]; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Title, kLength_Title)) { importer.currentSong.title = importer.currentString; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Category, kLength_Category)) { double before = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate]; Category *category = [importer.theCache categoryWithName:importer.currentString]; double delta = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - before; lookuptime += delta; importer.currentSong.category = category; } } else if (!strncmp((const char *)prefix, kName_Itms, kLength_Itms)) { if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Artist, kLength_Artist)) { NSString *string = importer.currentSong.artist; NSArray *strings = [string componentsSeparatedByString: @", "]; //importer.currentSong.artist = importer.currentString; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Album, kLength_Album)) { importer.currentSong.album = importer.currentString; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_ReleaseDate, kLength_ReleaseDate)) { NSString *dateString = importer.currentString; importer.currentSong.releaseDate = [importer.dateFormatter dateFromString:dateString]; } } importer.storingCharacters = NO; } /* This callback is invoked when the parser encounters character data inside a node. The importer class determines how to use the character data. */ static void charactersFoundSAX(void *parsingContext, const xmlChar *characterArray, int numberOfCharacters) { iTunesRSSImporter *importer = (iTunesRSSImporter *)parsingContext; // A state variable, "storingCharacters", is set when nodes of interest begin and end. // This determines whether character data is handled or ignored. if (importer.storingCharacters == NO) return; [importer appendCharacters:(const char *)characterArray length:numberOfCharacters]; } /* A production application should include robust error handling as part of its parsing implementation. The specifics of how errors are handled depends on the application. */ static void errorEncounteredSAX(void *parsingContext, const char *errorMessage, ...) { // Handle errors as appropriate for your application. NSCAssert(NO, @"Unhandled error encountered during SAX parse."); } // The handler struct has positions for a large number of callback functions. If NULL is supplied at a given position, // that callback functionality won't be used. Refer to libxml documentation at http://www.xmlsoft.org for more information // about the SAX callbacks. static xmlSAXHandler simpleSAXHandlerStruct = { NULL, /* internalSubset */ NULL, /* isStandalone */ NULL, /* hasInternalSubset */ NULL, /* hasExternalSubset */ NULL, /* resolveEntity */ NULL, /* getEntity */ NULL, /* entityDecl */ NULL, /* notationDecl */ NULL, /* attributeDecl */ NULL, /* elementDecl */ NULL, /* unparsedEntityDecl */ NULL, /* setDocumentLocator */ NULL, /* startDocument */ NULL, /* endDocument */ NULL, /* startElement*/ NULL, /* endElement */ NULL, /* reference */ charactersFoundSAX, /* characters */ NULL, /* ignorableWhitespace */ NULL, /* processingInstruction */ NULL, /* comment */ NULL, /* warning */ errorEncounteredSAX, /* error */ NULL, /* fatalError //: unused error() get all the errors */ NULL, /* getParameterEntity */ NULL, /* cdataBlock */ NULL, /* externalSubset */ XML_SAX2_MAGIC, // NULL, startElementSAX, /* startElementNs */ endElementSAX, /* endElementNs */ NULL, /* serror */ }; Thanks.

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• Modify PHP Search Script to Handle Multiple Entries For a Single Input

  - by Thomas

  I need to modify a php search script so that it can handle multiple entries for a single field. The search engine is designed for a real estate website. The current search form allows users to search for houses by selecting a single neighborhood from a dropdown menu. Instead of a dropdown menu, I would like to use a list of checkboxes so that the the user can search for houses in multiple neighborhoods at one time. I have converted all of the dropdown menu items into checkboxes on the HTML side but the PHP script only searches for houses in the last checkbox selected. For example, if I selected: 'Dallas' 'Boston' 'New York' the search engine will only search for houses in New York. Im new to PHP, so I am a little at a loss as to how to modify this script to handle the behavior I have described: <?php require_once(dirname(__FILE__).'/extra_search_fields.php'); //Add Widget for configurable search. add_action('plugins_loaded',array('DB_CustomSearch_Widget','init')); class DB_CustomSearch_Widget extends DB_Search_Widget { function DB_CustomSearch_Widget($params=array()){ DB_CustomSearch_Widget::__construct($params); } function __construct($params=array()){ $this->loadTranslations(); parent::__construct(__('Custom Fields ','wp-custom-fields-search'),$params); add_action('admin_print_scripts', array(&$this,'print_admin_scripts'), 90); add_action('admin_menu', array(&$this,'plugin_menu'), 90); add_filter('the_content', array(&$this,'process_tag'),9); add_shortcode( 'wp-custom-fields-search', array(&$this,'process_shortcode') ); wp_enqueue_script('jquery'); if(version_compare("2.7",$GLOBALS['wp_version'])>0) wp_enqueue_script('dimensions'); } function init(){ global $CustomSearchFieldStatic; $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Object'] = new DB_CustomSearch_Widget(); $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Object']->ensureUpToDate(); } function currentVersion(){ return "0.3.16"; } function ensureUpToDate(){ $version = $this->getConfig('version'); $latest = $this->currentVersion(); if($version<$latest) $this->upgrade($version,$latest); } function upgrade($current,$target){ $options = $this->getConfig(); if(version_compare($current,"0.3")<0){ $config = $this->getDefaultConfig(); $config['name'] = __('Default Preset','wp-custom-fields-search'); $options['preset-default'] = $config; } $options['version']=$target; update_option($this->id,$options); } function getInputs($params = false,$visitedPresets=array()){ if(is_array($params)){ $id = $params['widget_id']; } else { $id = $params; } if($visitedPresets[$id]) return array(); $visitedPresets[$id]=true; global $CustomSearchFieldStatic; if(!$CustomSearchFieldStatic['Inputs'][$id]){ $config = $this->getConfig($id); $inputs = array(); if($config['preset']) $inputs = $this->getInputs($config['preset'],$visitedPresets); $nonFields = $this->getNonInputFields(); if($config) foreach($config as $k=>$v){ if(in_array($k,$nonFields)) continue; if(!(class_exists($v['input']) && class_exists($v['comparison']) && class_exists($v['joiner']))) { continue; } $inputs[] = new CustomSearchField($v); } foreach($inputs as $k=>$v){ $inputs[$k]->setIndex($k); } $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Inputs'][$id]=$inputs; } return $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Inputs'][$id]; } function getTitle($params){ $config = $this->getConfig($params['widget_id']); return $config['name']; } function form_processPost($post,$old){ unset($post['###TEMPLATE_ID###']); if(!$post) $post=array('exists'=>1); return $post; } function getDefaultConfig(){ return array('name'=>'Site Search', 1=>array( 'label'=>__('Key Words','wp-custom-fields-search'), 'input'=>'TextField', 'comparison'=>'WordsLikeComparison', 'joiner'=>'PostDataJoiner', 'name'=>'all' ), 2=>array( 'label'=>__('Category','wp-custom-fields-search'), 'input'=>'DropDownField', 'comparison'=>'EqualComparison', 'joiner'=>'CategoryJoiner' ), ); } function form_outputForm($values,$pref){ $defaults=$this->getDefaultConfig(); $prefId = preg_replace('/^.*\[([^]]*)\]$/','\\1',$pref); $this->form_existsInput($pref); $rand = rand(); ?> <div id='config-template-<?php echo $prefId?>' style='display: none;'> <?php $templateDefaults = $defaults[1]; $templateDefaults['label'] = 'Field ###TEMPLATE_ID###'; echo $this->singleFieldHTML($pref,'###TEMPLATE_ID###',$templateDefaults); ?> </div> <?php foreach($this->getClasses('input') as $class=>$desc) { if(class_exists($class)) $form = new $class(); else $form = false; if(compat_method_exists($form,'getConfigForm')){ if($form = $form->getConfigForm($pref.'[###TEMPLATE_ID###]',array('name'=>'###TEMPLATE_NAME###'))){ ?> <div id='config-input-templates-<?php echo $class?>-<?php echo $prefId?>' style='display: none;'> <?php echo $form?> </div> <?php } } } ?> <div id='config-form-<?php echo $prefId?>'> <?php if(!$values) $values = $defaults; $maxId=0; $presets = $this->getPresets(); array_unshift($presets,__('NONE','wp-custom-fields-search')); ?> <div class='searchform-name-wrapper'><label for='<?php echo $prefId?>[name]'><?php echo __('Search Title','wp-custom-fields-search')?></label><input type='text' class='form-title-input' id='<?php echo $prefId?>[name]' name='<?php echo $pref?>[name]' value='<?php echo $values['name']?>'/></div> <div class='searchform-preset-wrapper'><label for='<?php echo $prefId?>[preset]'><?php echo __('Use Preset','wp-custom-fields-search')?></label> <?php $dd = new AdminDropDown($pref."[preset]",$values['preset'],$presets); echo $dd->getInput()."</div>"; $nonFields = $this->getNonInputFields(); foreach($values as $id => $val){ $maxId = max($id,$maxId); if(in_array($id,$nonFields)) continue; echo "<div id='config-form-$prefId-$id'>".$this->singleFieldHTML($pref,$id,$val)."</div>"; } ?> </div> <br/><a href='#' onClick="return CustomSearch.get('<?php echo $prefId?>').add();"><?php echo __('Add Field','wp-custom-fields-search')?></a> <script type='text/javascript'> CustomSearch.create('<?php echo $prefId?>','<?php echo $maxId?>'); <?php foreach($this->getClasses('joiner') as $joinerClass=>$desc){ if(compat_method_exists($joinerClass,'getSuggestedFields')){ $options = eval("return $joinerClass::getSuggestedFields();"); $str = ''; foreach($options as $i=>$v){ $k=$i; if(is_numeric($k)) $k=$v; $options[$i] = json_encode(array('id'=>$k,'name'=>$v)); } $str = '['.join(',',$options).']'; echo "CustomSearch.setOptionsFor('$joinerClass',".$str.");\n"; }elseif(eval("return $joinerClass::needsField();")){ echo "CustomSearch.setOptionsFor('$joinerClass',[]);\n"; } } ?> </script> <?php } function getNonInputFields(){ return array('exists','name','preset','version'); } function singleFieldHTML($pref,$id,$values){ $prefId = preg_replace('/^.*\[([^]]*)\]$/','\\1',$pref); $pref = $pref."[$id]"; $htmlId = $pref."[exists]"; $output = "<input type='hidden' name='$htmlId' value='1'/>"; $titles="<th>".__('Label','wp-custom-fields-search')."</th>"; $inputs="<td><input type='text' name='$pref"."[label]' value='$values[label]' class='form-field-title'/></td><td><a href='#' onClick='return CustomSearch.get(\"$prefId\").toggleOptions(\"$id\");'>".__('Show/Hide Config','wp-custom-fields-search')."</a></td>"; $output.="<table class='form-field-table'><tr>$titles</tr><tr>$inputs</tr></table>"; $output.="<div id='form-field-advancedoptions-$prefId-$id' style='display: none'>"; $inputs='';$titles=''; $titles="<th>".__('Data Field','wp-custom-fields-search')."</th>"; $inputs="<td><div id='form-field-dbname-$prefId-$id' class='form-field-title-div'><input type='text' name='$pref"."[name]' value='$values[name]' class='form-field-title'/></div></td>"; $count=1; foreach(array('joiner'=>__('Data Type','wp-custom-fields-search'),'comparison'=>__('Compare','wp-custom-fields-search'),'input'=>__('Widget','wp-custom-fields-search')) as $k=>$v){ $dd = new AdminDropDown($pref."[$k]",$values[$k],$this->getClasses($k),array('onChange'=>'CustomSearch.get("'.$prefId.'").updateOptions("'.$id.'","'.$k.'")','css_class'=>"wpcfs-$k")); $titles="<th>".$v."</th>".$titles; $inputs="<td>".$dd->getInput()."</td>".$inputs; if(++$count==2){ $output.="<table class='form-field-table form-class-$k'><tr>$titles</tr><tr>$inputs</tr></table>"; $count=0; $inputs = $titles=''; } } if($titles){ $output.="<table class='form-field-table'><tr>$titles</tr><tr>$inputs</tr></table>"; $inputs = $titles=''; } $titles.="<th>".__('Numeric','wp-custom-fields-search')."</th><th>".__('Widget Config','wp-custom-fields-search')."</th>"; $inputs.="<td><input type='checkbox' ".($values['numeric']?"checked='true'":"")." name='$pref"."[numeric]'/></td>"; if(class_exists($widgetClass = $values['input'])){ $widget = new $widgetClass(); if(compat_method_exists($widget,'getConfigForm')) $widgetConfig=$widget->getConfigForm($pref,$values); } $inputs.="<td><div id='$this->id"."-$prefId"."-$id"."-widget-config'>$widgetConfig</div></td>"; $output.="<table class='form-field-table'><tr>$titles</tr><tr>$inputs</tr></table>"; $output.="</div>"; $output.="<a href='#' onClick=\"return CustomSearch.get('$prefId').remove('$id');\">Remove Field</a>"; return "<div class='field-wrapper'>$output</div>"; } function getRootURL(){ return WP_CONTENT_URL .'/plugins/' . dirname(plugin_basename(__FILE__) ) . '/'; } function print_admin_scripts($params){ $jsRoot = $this->getRootURL().'js'; $cssRoot = $this->getRootURL().'css'; $scripts = array('Class.js','CustomSearch.js','flexbox/jquery.flexbox.js'); foreach($scripts as $file){ echo "<script src='$jsRoot/$file' ></script>"; } echo "<link rel='stylesheet' href='$cssRoot/admin.css' >"; echo "<link rel='stylesheet' href='$jsRoot/flexbox/jquery.flexbox.css' >"; } function getJoiners(){ return $this->getClasses('joiner'); } function getComparisons(){ return $this->getClasses('comparison'); } function getInputTypes(){ return $this->getClasses('input'); } function getClasses($type){ global $CustomSearchFieldStatic; if(!$CustomSearchFieldStatic['Types']){ $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Types'] = array( "joiner"=>array( "PostDataJoiner" =>__( "Post Field",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "CustomFieldJoiner" =>__( "Custom Field",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "CategoryJoiner" =>__( "Category",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "TagJoiner" =>__( "Tag",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "PostTypeJoiner" =>__( "Post Type",'wp-custom-fields-search'), ), "input"=>array( "TextField" =>__( "Text Input",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "DropDownField" =>__( "Drop Down",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "RadioButtonField" =>__( "Radio Button",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "HiddenField" =>__( "Hidden Constant",'wp-custom-fields-search'), ), "comparison"=>array( "EqualComparison" =>__( "Equals",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "LikeComparison" =>__( "Phrase In",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "WordsLikeComparison" =>__( "Words In",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "LessThanComparison" =>__( "Less Than",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "MoreThanComparison" =>__( "More Than",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "AtMostComparison" =>__( "At Most",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "AtLeastComparison" =>__( "At Least",'wp-custom-fields-search'), "RangeComparison" =>__( "Range",'wp-custom-fields-search'), //TODO: Make this work... // "NotEqualComparison" =>__( "Not Equal To",'wp-custom-fields-search'), ) ); $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Types'] = apply_filters('custom_search_get_classes',$CustomSearchFieldStatic['Types']); } return $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Types'][$type]; } function plugin_menu(){ add_options_page('Form Presets','WP Custom Fields Search',8,__FILE__,array(&$this,'presets_form')); } function getPresets(){ $presets = array(); foreach(array_keys($config = $this->getConfig()) as $key){ if(strpos($key,'preset-')===0) { $presets[$key] = $key; if($name = $config[$key]['name']) $presets[$key]=$name; } } return $presets; } function presets_form(){ $presets=$this->getPresets(); if(!$preset = $_REQUEST['selected-preset']){ $preset = 'preset-default'; } if(!$presets[$preset]){ $defaults = $this->getDefaultConfig(); $options = $this->getConfig(); $options[$preset] = $defaults; if($n = $_POST[$this->id][$preset]['name']) $options[$preset]['name'] = $n; elseif($preset=='preset-default') $options[$preset]['name'] = 'Default'; else{ list($junk,$id) = explode("-",$preset); $options[$preset]['name'] = 'New Preset '.$id; } update_option($this->id,$options); $presets[$preset] = $options[$preset]['name']; } if($_POST['delete']){ check_admin_referer($this->id.'-editpreset-'.$preset); $options = $this->getConfig(); unset($options[$preset]); unset($presets[$preset]); update_option($this->id,$options); list($preset,$name) = each($presets); } $index = 1; while($presets["preset-$index"]) $index++; $presets["preset-$index"] = __('New Preset','wp-custom-fields-search'); $linkBase = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; $linkBase = preg_replace("/&?selected-preset=[^&]*(&|$)/",'',$linkBase); foreach($presets as $key=>$name){ $config = $this->getConfig($key); if($config && $config['name']) $name=$config['name']; if(($n = $_POST[$this->id][$key]['name'])&&(!$_POST['delete'])) $name = $n; $presets[$key]=$name; } $plugin=&$this; ob_start(); wp_nonce_field($this->id.'-editpreset-'.$preset); $hidden = ob_get_contents(); $hidden.="<input type='hidden' name='selected-preset' value='$preset'>"; $shouldSave = $_POST['selected-preset'] && !$_POST['delete'] && check_admin_referer($this->id.'-editpreset-'.$preset); ob_end_clean(); include(dirname(__FILE__).'/templates/options.php'); } function process_tag($content){ $regex = '/\[\s*wp-custom-fields-search\s+(?:([^\]=]+(?:\s+.*)?))?\]/'; return preg_replace_callback($regex, array(&$this, 'generate_from_tag'), $content); } function process_shortcode($atts,$content){ return $this->generate_from_tag(array("",$atts['preset'])); } function generate_from_tag($reMatches){ global $CustomSearchFieldStatic; ob_start(); $preset=$reMatches[1]; if(!$preset) $preset = 'default'; wp_custom_fields_search($preset); $form = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); return $form; } } global $CustomSearchFieldStatic; $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Inputs'] = array(); $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Types'] = array(); class AdminDropDown extends DropDownField { function AdminDropDown($name,$value,$options,$params=array()){ AdminDropDown::__construct($name,$value,$options,$params); } function __construct($name,$value,$options,$params=array()){ $params['options'] = $options; $params['id'] = $params['name']; parent::__construct($params); $this->name = $name; $this->value = $value; } function getHTMLName(){ return $this->name; } function getValue(){ return $this->value; } function getInput(){ return parent::getInput($this->name,null); } } if (!function_exists('json_encode')) { function json_encode($a=false) { if (is_null($a)) return 'null'; if ($a === false) return 'false'; if ($a === true) return 'true'; if (is_scalar($a)) { if (is_float($a)) { // Always use "." for floats. return floatval(str_replace(",", ".", strval($a))); } if (is_string($a)) { static $jsonReplaces = array(array("\\", "/", "\n", "\t", "\r", "\b", "\f", '"'), array('\\\\', '\\/', '\\n', '\\t', '\\r', '\\b', '\\f', '\"')); return '"' . str_replace($jsonReplaces[0], $jsonReplaces[1], $a) . '"'; } else return $a; } $isList = true; for ($i = 0, reset($a); $i < count($a); $i++, next($a)) { if (key($a) !== $i) { $isList = false; break; } } $result = array(); if ($isList) { foreach ($a as $v) $result[] = json_encode($v); return '[' . join(',', $result) . ']'; } else { foreach ($a as $k => $v) $result[] = json_encode($k).':'.json_encode($v); return '{' . join(',', $result) . '}'; } } } function wp_custom_fields_search($presetName='default'){ global $CustomSearchFieldStatic; if(strpos($presetName,'preset-')!==0) $presetName="preset-$presetName"; $CustomSearchFieldStatic['Object']->renderWidget(array('widget_id'=>$presetName,'noTitle'=>true),array('number'=>$presetName)); } function compat_method_exists($class,$method){ return method_exists($class,$method) || in_array(strtolower($method),get_class_methods($class)); }

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