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• How can I pass environment variables to a WSGI script, using uWSGI?

  - by orokusaki

  I've added the following line to /etc/environment: FOO_DEPLOYMENT_ENV="vbox" Upon logging in via SSH, I can echo $FOO_DEPLOYMENT_ENV and, of course, see vbox output to the shell. If I open a Python shell and run os.getenv('FOO_DEPLOYMENT_ENV'), it will return 'vbox', but the same code in my Python application, when run by uWSGI (as the www-data user), it does not see the environment variable. Clearly, this isn't a problem of uWSGI, and is rather a problem with my understanding of environment variables, or how they're properly set, and the contexts in which they can be retrieved. What am I doing or understanding incorrectly?

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• Which are the non-x text editors in Powershell?

  - by Andrei T. Ursan

  Are there some editors like emacs, vi/vim, specifically for power shell, if so which are the best? I will have to do some work on windows and I need some unix productivity - which means for me shell + text editor with syntax highlighting (for python, java, c, c++), so which are my options? Edit: I'm looking for an alternative at vim or other unix editors, and cygwin is not an option. I just want from the command line to say texteditor_name file1, modify it, save it etc, and all of these to happen inside the terminal, not in another interface etc.

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• SSH login very slow on OS X Leopard

  - by acjohnson55

  My SSH sessions take a very long time to initiate. This applies for logins with and without passwords, interactive and non-interactive. I have tried setting 'GSSAPIAuthentication no' and 'IPQoS 0x00' on the client side, and 'UseDNS no' on the server side, but no dice. I'm really stumped and frustrated. The worst part is that it SFTP takes forever to establish connections too, making file transfer much longer than it would be otherwise. I thought the problem might be something with PAM, because of where the hang is in the sshd log below, so I tried commenting out each line one-by-one in the /etc/pam.d/sshd file. Some caused login to be impossible, some had no apparent effect. I can't really tell if PAM is stalling for other services, but I can say that su'ing into my account from another account with 'su -l' has no apparent delay. I tried creating a new user account, just to see if there was something wrong with my existing account, and the same problem persisted. Any ideas of what's going on? On the client side, the most verbose mode outputs (redacted where reasonable): OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data ... debug1: ... line 1: Applying options for ... debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 53: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ... [x.x.x.x] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/.../.ssh/id_dsa" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 136/256 debug2: bits set: 523/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ... debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "x.x.x.x" from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '...' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug2: bits set: 492/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa (0x7f8b7b41d6c0) debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_rsa (0x0) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering DSA public key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp ... debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: DSA ... debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). Authenticated to ... ([x.x.x.x]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. ****** Hangs here ****** debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env TMPDIR debug3: Ignored env Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION debug3: Ignored env TERM_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env COMMAND_MODE debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env Apple_Ubiquity_Message debug3: Ignored env __CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env MKL_NUM_THREADS debug3: Ignored env PWD debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH debug3: Ignored env PYTHONPATH debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env SECURITYSESSIONID debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0 On the server side, the debug output looks like: Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 4 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Connection from x.x.x.x port 52758 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Current Session ID is 56AC0FB0 / Session Attributes are 00008000 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Running in inetd mode in a non-root session... assuming inetd created the session for us. Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.9 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Checking with Service ACLs for ssh login restrictions Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: call to mbr_user_name_to_uuid with <...> suceeded to retrieve user_uuid Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Call to mbr_check_service_membership failed with status <0> Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: initializing for "..." Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "x.x.x.x" Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Failed none for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: ssh_dss_verify: signature correct Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: do_pam_account: called Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Accepted publickey for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: monitor_child_preauth: ... has been authenticated by privileged process Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials ***** Hangs here ***** Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: User child is on pid 31654 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: permanently_set_uid: 509/20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: input_session_request Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Allocating pty. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/ttys008 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31655]: debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY.

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• powermock : ProcessBuilder redirectErrorStream giving nullPointerException

  - by kaustubh9

  I am using powermock to mock some native command invocation using process builder. the strange thing is these test pass sometimes and fail sometimes giving a NPE. Is this a powermock issue or some gotcha in the program. the snippet of the class under test is.. public void method1(String jsonString, String filename) { try { JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(jsonString); JSONArray jArr = jObj.getJSONArray("something"); String cmd = "/home/y/bin/perl <perlscript>.pl<someConstant>" + " -k " + <someConstant> + " -t " + <someConstant>; cmd += vmArr.getJSONObject(i).getString("jsonKey"); ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("bash", "-c", cmd); pb.redirectErrorStream(false); Process shell = pb.start(); shell.waitFor(); if (shell.exitValue() != 0) { throw new RuntimeException("Error in Collecting the logs. cmd="+cmd); } StringBuilder error = new StringBuilder(); InputStream iError = shell.getErrorStream(); BufferedReader bfr = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(iError)); String line = null; while ((line = bfr.readLine()) != null) { error.append(line + "\n"); } if (!error.toString().isEmpty()) { LOGGER.error(error`enter code here`); } iError.close(); bfr.close(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } and the unit test case is .. @PrepareForTest( {.class, ProcessBuilder.class,Process.class, InputStream.class,InputStreamReader.class, BufferedReader.class} ) @Test(sequential=true) public class TestClass { @Test(groups = {"unit"}) public void testMethod() { try { ProcessBuilder prBuilderMock = createMock(ProcessBuilder.class); Process processMock = createMock(Process.class); InputStream iStreamMock = createMock(InputStream.class); InputStreamReader iStrRdrMock = createMock(InputStreamReader.class); BufferedReader bRdrMock = createMock(BufferedReader.class); String errorStr =" Error occured"; String json = <jsonStringInput>; String cmd = "/home/y/bin/perl <perlscript>.pl -k "+<someConstant>+" -t "+<someConstant>+" "+<jsonValue>; expectNew(ProcessBuilder.class, "bash", "-c", cmd).andReturn(prBuilderMock); expect(prBuilderMock.redirectErrorStream(false)).andReturn(prBuilderMock); expect(prBuilderMock.start()).andReturn(processMock); expect(processMock.waitFor()).andReturn(0); expect(processMock.exitValue()).andReturn(0); expect(processMock.getErrorStream()).andReturn(iStreamMock); expectNew(InputStreamReader.class, iStreamMock) .andReturn(iStrRdrMock); expectNew(BufferedReader.class, iStrRdrMock) .andReturn(bRdrMock); expect(bRdrMock.readLine()).andReturn(errorStr); expect(bRdrMock.readLine()).andReturn(null); iStreamMock.close(); bRdrMock.close(); expectLastCall().once(); replayAll(); <ClassToBeTested> instance = new <ClassToBeTested>(); instance.method1(json, fileName); verifyAll(); } catch (Exception e) { Assert.fail("failed while collecting log.", e); } } I get an error on execution an the test case fails.. Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:438) Note : I do not get this error on all executions. Sometimes it passes and sometimes it fails. I am not able to understand this behavior.

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• Is there windows equivalent of the .bashrc file in linux?

  - by herrturtur

  Just discovered doskey emacs=emacs -nw $*, but without something like .bashrc, I'll have to type that every time I start a shell, right?

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• Need to get a file written to a floppy.

  - by dboarman-FissureStudios

  I asked this question over on SO. I have tried dd if=kernel.sys of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1 to get this file to write to the floppy. It is a kernel shell that must be written to the sector immediately following the bootsector of a disk to boot the PC. No matter what I've tried, for some reason, kernel.sys is not writing to the floppy. I know the bootstrap loader is being written and executed. However, it cannot find the kernel to load the shell. Any ideas on what I am doing wrong? I mean, really, how is it so difficult to get this file written to a floppy? OpenSUSE 11.2

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• Is it possible to run bash builtin from non bash script?

  - by tig

  Is it possible to run for example history -w for underlying bash shell from ruby script? Or better is it possible to run builtin command for bash shell knowing only its pid? The only way I found is to trap signal like trap "history -w" SIGUSR1 and then send signal to process, but I am not sure that it is a good practice and USR1 is not used by bash, also this way I can execute max 2 commands (USR1 and USR2). And I have to define trap before using it. I am on Mac so there is not SIGRTMIN..SIGRTMAX.

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• webserver running as nobody cannot resolve domain names

  - by jalal

  if i try to run the following: <?php echo file_get_contents("http://www.yahoo.com/index.html"); ?> through the web server I get a an "php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo" error. If I run the same file from the shell with: php test.php then I get the expected file output. This indicates to me that the 'nobody' user, which the webserver runs as, is not able to resolve the domain name, but the shell user can. Any ideas on how to fix this? Further info: CentOS 6, cPanel install, Apache, PHP running as dso. BTW, I've tried disabling the firewall to no effect.

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• Centos 5.5 [Read-only file system] issue after rebooting

  - by canu johann

  I have a virtual server under centos 5.5 (hosted by a japanese company called sakura ) Since yesterday, connection through ssh couldn't be established. I've contacted support center who told me to restart VS from the control panel. After restarting, I got the message below Connected to domain wwwxxxxxx.sakura.ne.jp Escape character is ^] [ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] Setting up Logical Volume Management: No volume groups found [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext4 (1) -- /] fsck.ext4 -a /dev/vda3 / contains a file system with errors, check forced. /: Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found. /: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY. (i.e., without -a or -p options) @@cat: /proc/self/attr/current: Invalid argument Welcome to CentOS Starting udev: @[ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] Setting up Logical Volume Management: No volume groups found [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext4 (1) -- /] fsck.ext4 -a /dev/vda3 / contains a file system with errors, check forced. /: Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found. /: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY. (i.e., without -a or -p options) [FAILED] *** An error occurred during the file system check. *** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot *** when you leave the shell. *** Warning -- SELinux is active *** Disabling security enforcement for system recovery. *** Run 'setenforce 1' to reenable. /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: line 53: /selinux/enforce: Read-only file system Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue): bash: cannot set terminal process group (-1): Inappropriate ioctl for device bash: no job control in this shell bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system (Repair filesystem) 1 # setenforce 1 setenforce: SELinux is disabled (Repair filesystem) 2 # echo 1 (Repair filesystem) 4 # /etc/init.d/sshd status openssh-daemon is stopped (Repair filesystem) 5 # /etc/init.d/sshd start Starting sshd: NET: Registered protocol family 10 lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions touch: cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/sshd': Read-only file system (Repair filesystem) 6 # sudo /etc/init.d/sshd start sudo: sorry, you must have a tty to run sudo (Repair filesystem) 7 # I have 4 site in production and I need to restart the server quickly (SSH + HTTPD ,...). Thank you for your time.

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• sending notification mail to users for password expiry on linux server

  - by pavan

  how to write a script in linux BASH shell for sending mails to users for warning about the password expiry before 2 weeks.

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• Exchange 2010 Where did import go

  - by durilai

  I see a ton on articles on importing PST files in Exchange 2010, but I do not have the option. I need to import PST files, can anyone shed some light. I added the administrator to the “Mailbox Import Export” role using the following at the shell. New-ManagementRoleAssignment –Role “Mailbox Import Export” –User “administrator” I installed Outlook as recommended here, but I only get export option in the console and trying to run the import from the shell only gives error saying cmdlet mot found. Any help is appreciated.

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• Execute background program in bash without job control

  - by Wu Yongzheng

  I often execute GUI programs, such as firefox and evince from shell. If I type "firefox &", firefox is considered as a bash job, so "fg" will bring it to foreground and "hang" the shell. This becomes annoying when I have some background jobs such as vim already running. What I want is to launch firefox and dis-associate it with bash. Consider the following ideal case with my imaginary runbg: $ vim foo.tex ctrl+z and vim is job 1 $ pdflatex foo $ runbg evince foo.pdf evince runs in background and I get me bash prompt back $ fg vim goes foreground Is there any way to do this using existing program? If no, I will write my own runbg.

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• MySQL: "UPDATE command denied to user ''@'localhost'"

  - by Uncle Nerdicus

  For some reason when I installed MySQL on my machine (a Mac running OS X 10.9) the 'root' MySQL account got messed up and I don't have access to it, but I do have access to the standard MySQL account 'sean@localhost' which I use to log into phpMyAdmin. I am trying to reset the 'root' password by starting the mysqld daemon using the command mysqld --skip-grant-tables and then running the following lines in the mysql shell. mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') -> WHERE User='root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Problem is when I try to run that MySQL string the daemon spits back a ERROR 1142 (42000): UPDATE command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'user' as if I didn't use the -u argument when I started the mysql shell, either though I did. Any help is muchly appreciated as I am lost at this point. :/

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• nagios-nrpe-unable-to-read-output [closed]

  - by Bill S

  Oracle Linux; Icinga; Nagios plugins I did all the easy steps command runs fine standalone through my normal login; looked at /var/log/messages to see if any clues there Trying to run plugin under nrpe login - cant login don't know password; does this password matter? can I reset it? clone id? Any way to have shell being executed log all commands and output to somewhere? Trying to run this shell script plugin "nqcmd OBIEE plugin for Nagios" from this URL: http://www.rittmanmead.com/2012/09/advanced-monitoring-of-obiee-with-nagios/ I went through script and made sure that everything obvious was set to 755 Any help would be appreciated

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• How to boot RHEL with no bash?

  - by nmelmun

  How can I boot a RHEL VM if I deleted /bin/bash? When trying to boot, I now get the following error: "INIT: Cannot execute "/etc/rc/d/rc.sysinit" The next thing I tried was to modify the kernel boot parameters by adding init=/bin/ksh at the end of the line, which gave me a functional shell. After this, in order to get write permissions, I remounted the root partition with: mount -o remount,rw / Then I tried to boot using ksh as the shell by tricking the system into thinking it's bash: ln -s /bin/ksh /bin/bash Then restarted the system normally. Unfortunately this didnt work since ksh is not compatible and /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit uses several bash-specific tricks. Does anyone else have a suggestion on how I could get the system to boot normally without reinstalling bash?

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• How to create chroot jail with ability to change some system settings

  - by Tadeck

  How to properly create chroot jail (on Ubuntu, or some some other Linux if not applicable) to make user able to edit system settings (eg. with ifconfig) and be able to communicate with external scripts? The use case would be to enable user to authenticate using SSH and then be able to perform very limited set of actions from command line. Unfortunately the tricky part is the access to system settings. I have considered multiple options and the alternative is to setup fake SSH server (eg. with Twisted), try to use restricted shell (however, I seem to need chroot still), or write a script on top of the shell (?).

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• Ubuntu: One or more of the mounts listed in fstab cannot ye be mounted

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I was enjoying a Movie when my Ubuntu suddenly hung. At the next reboot, here is the message: One or more of the mounts listed in /etc/fstab cannot yet be mounted: /home: waiting for /dev/disk/by-uuid/.... Press ESC to enter a recovery shell. Problems: When I enter recovery shell, I don't know that to do. If I press Ctrl+D, then the message above will reappear. What should I do? I checked with Ubuntu Live CD and my partition looks OK. I have 2 separate partitions for / and /home

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• Calling system commands from Perl

  - by Dan J

  In an older version of our code, we called out from Perl to do an LDAP search as follows: # Pass the base DN in via the ldapsearch-specific environment variable # (rather than as the "-b" paramater) to avoid problems of shell # interpretation of special characters in the DN. $ENV{LDAP_BASEDN} = $ldn; $lcmd = "ldapsearch -x -T -1 -h $gLdapServer" . <snip> " > $lworkfile 2>&1"; system($lcmd); if (($? != 0) || (! -e "$lworkfile")) { # Handle the error } The code above would result in a successful LDAP search, and the output of that search would be in the file $lworkfile. Unfortunately, we recently reconfigured openldap on this server so that a "BASE DC=" is specified in /etc/openldap/ldap.conf and /etc/ldap.conf. That change seems to mean ldapsearch ignores the LDAP_BASEDN environment variable, and so my ldapsearch fails. I've tried a couple of different fixes but without success so far: (1) I tried going back to using the "-b" argument to ldapsearch, but escaping the shell metacharacters. I started writing the escaping code: my $ldn_escaped = $ldn; $ldn_escaped =~ s/\/\\/g; $ldn_escaped =~ s/`/\`/g; $ldn_escaped =~ s/$/\$/g; $ldn_escaped =~ s/"/\"/g; That threw up some Perl errors because I haven't escaped those regexes properly in Perl (the line number matches the regex with the backticks in). Backticks found where operator expected at /tmp/mycommand line 404, at end of line At the same time I started to doubt this approach and looked for a better one. (2) I then saw some Stackoverflow questions (here and here) that suggested a better solution. Here's the code: print("Processing..."); # Pass the arguments to ldapsearch by invoking open() with an array. # This ensures the shell does NOT interpret shell metacharacters. my(@cmd_args) = ("-x", "-T", "-1", "-h", "$gLdapPool", "-b", "$ldn", <snip> ); $lcmd = "ldapsearch"; open my $lldap_output, "-|", $lcmd, @cmd_args; while (my $lline = <$lldap_output>) { # I can parse the contents of my file fine } $lldap_output->close; The two problems I am having with approach (2) are: a) Calling open or system with an array of arguments does not let me pass > $lworkfile 2>&1 to the command, so I can't stop the ldapsearch output being sent to screen, which makes my output look ugly: Processing...ldap_bind: Success (0) additional info: Success b) I can't figure out how to choose which location (i.e. path and file name) to the file handle passed to open, i.e. I don't know where $lldap_output is. Can I move/rename it, or inspect it to find out where it is (or is it not actually saved to disk)? Based on the problems with (2), this makes me think I should return back to approach (1), but I'm not quite sure how to

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• man: command not found in zsh (Mac OS 10.58)

  - by Oscar

  I changed to zsh from the default (by changing the "Shells open with" preference in Terminal to "command (complete path)" set to /bin/zsh While most things seem to work, I tried to see the man page for a command and got a "permission denied" message. When I tried sudo, I got "man: command not found". I changed to the default shell (/bin/tcsh), and this is what I get when I open a new shell: Last login: Fri Nov 18 13:53:50 on ttys000 Fri Nov 18 13:55:21 CST 2011 /usr/bin/manpath: Permission denied. If I try man, I get the same "command not found message". I guess there is something wrong in my PATH, but I have no idea how to fix it. "echo $PATH" (in tcsh) gets: /sw/bin:/sw/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/texbin In zsh, it gets: /usr/bin:/bin:/sw/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/teTeX/bin/powerpc-apple-darwin-current:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/texbin:/usr/X11/bin Any ideas?

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• AWS EC2 - How to specify an IAM role for an instance being launched via awscli

  - by Skaperen

  I am using the "aws ec2 run-instances" command (from the awscli package) to launch an instance in AWS EC2. I want to set an IAM role on the instance I am launching. The IAM role is configured and I can use it successfully when launching an instance from the AWS web UI. But when I try to do this using that command, and the "--iam-instance-profile" option, it failed. Doing "aws ec2 run-instances help" shows Arn= and Name= subfields for the value. When I try to look up the Arn using "aws iam list-instance-profiles" it gives this error message: A client error (AccessDenied) occurred: User: arn:aws:sts::xxxxxxxxxxxx:assumed-role/shell/i-15c2766d is not authorized to perform: iam:ListInstanceProfiles on resource: arn:aws:iam::xxxxxxxxxxxx:instance-profile/ (where xxxxxxxxxxxx is my AWS 12-digit account number) I looked up the Arn string via the web UI and used that via "--iam-instance-profile Arn=arn:aws:iam::xxxxxxxxxxxx:instance-profile/shell" on the run-instances command, and that failed with: A client error (UnauthorizedOperation) occurred: You are not authorized to perform this operation. If I leave off the "--iam-instance-profile" option entirely, the instance will launch but it will not have the IAM role setting I need. So the permission seems to have something to do with using "--iam-instance-profile" or accessing IAM data. I repeated several times in case of AWS glitches (they happen sometimes) and no success. I suspected that perhaps there is a restriction that an instance with an IAM role is not allowed to launch an instance with a more powerful IAM role. But in this case, the instance I am doing the command in has the same IAM role that I am trying to use. named "shell" (though I also tried using another one, no luck). Is setting an IAM role not even permitted from an instance (via its IAM role credentials)? Is there some higher IAM role permission needed to use IAM roles, than is needed for just launching a plain instance? Is "--iam-instance-profile" the appropriate way to specify an IAM role? Do I need to use a subset of the Arn string, or format it in some other way? Is it possible to set up an IAM role that can do any IAM role accesses (maybe a "Super Root IAM" ... making up this name)? FYI, everything involves Linux running on the instances. Also, I am running all this from an instance because I could not get these tools installed on my desktop. That and I do not want to put my IAM user credentials on any AWS storage as advised by AWS here. after answered: I did not mention the launching instance permission of "PowerUserAccess" (vs. "AdministratorAccess") because I did not realize additional access was needed at the time the question was asked. I assumed that the IAM role was "information" attached to the launch. But it really is more than that. It is a granting of permission.

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• How to setup ssh's umask for all type of connections

  - by Unode

  I've been searching for a way to setup OpenSSH's umask to 0027 in a consistent way across all connection types. By connection types I'm referring to: sftp scp ssh hostname ssh hostname program The difference between 3. and 4. is that the former starts a shell which usually reads the /etc/profile information while the latter doesn't. In addition by reading this post I've became aware of the -u option that is present in newer versions of OpenSSH. However this doesn't work. I must also add that /etc/profile now includes umask 0027. Going point by point: sftp - Setting -u 0027 in sshd_config as mentioned here, is not enough. If I don't set this parameter, sftp uses by default umask 0022. This means that if I have the two files: -rwxrwxrwx 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-rw-rw- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write When I use sftp to put them in the destination machine I actually get: -rwxr-xr-x 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write However when I set -u 0027 on sshd_config of the destination machine I actually get: -rwxr--r-- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write which is not expected, since it should actually be: -rwxr-x--- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-r----- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write Anyone understands why this happens? scp - Independently of what is setup for sftp, permissions are always umask 0022. I currently have no idea how to alter this. ssh hostname - no problem here since the shell reads /etc/profile by default which means umask 0027 in the current setup. ssh hostname program - same situation as scp. In sum, setting umask on sftp alters the result but not as it should, ssh hostname works as expected reading /etc/profile and both scp and ssh hostname program seem to have umask 0022 hardcoded somewhere. Any insight on any of the above points is welcome. EDIT: I would like to avoid patches that require manually compiling openssh. The system is running Ubuntu Server 10.04.01 (lucid) LTS with openssh packages from maverick. Answer: As indicated by poige, using pam_umask did the trick. The exact changes were: Lines added to /etc/pam.d/sshd: # Setting UMASK for all ssh based connections (ssh, sftp, scp) session optional pam_umask.so umask=0027 Also, in order to affect all login shells regardless of if they source /etc/profile or not, the same lines were also added to /etc/pam.d/login. EDIT: After some of the comments I retested this issue. At least in Ubuntu (where I tested) it seems that if the user has a different umask set in their shell's init files (.bashrc, .zshrc,...), the PAM umask is ignored and the user defined umask used instead. Changes in /etc/profile did't affect the outcome unless the user explicitly sources those changes in the init files. It is unclear at this point if this behavior happens in all distros.

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• Ubuntu: One or more of the mounts listed in fstab cannot ye be mounted

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I was enjoying a Movie when my Ubuntu suddenly hung. At the next reboot, here is the message: One or more of the mounts listed in /etc/fstab cannot yet be mounted: /home: waiting for /dev/disk/by-uuid/.... Press ESC to enter a recovery shell. Problems: When I enter recovery shell, I don't know that to do. If I press Ctrl+D, then the message above will reappear. What should I do? I checked with Ubuntu Live CD and my partition looks OK.

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• Windows 7 Start Menu folder editing help

  - by Flasimbufasa

  I'd like to be able to have the windows 7 start menu link to folders and not link to the stupid libraries. In Windows vista you could add the the Downloads folder into the start menu with messing with the registry: [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}] @="Downloads" [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}\DefaultIcon] @="imageres.dll,-184" [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}\InProcserver32] @="shell32.dll" [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}\shell\open\command] @="explorer.exe shell:Downloads" ;© 2008 Ramesh Srinivasan - http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/ - Created on July 10 2008 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83B1-96B02CFE0D52}] @="Downloads" I'd like to be able to change the link within the registry for Windows 7 Ultimate x64 to where the "Documents" link actually takes me to MY DOCUMENTS O: How revolutionary would this be? Could someone with some more registry editing knowledge help me out with this? link to the site where I downloaded this .bat: http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/add-downloads-folder-to-the-windows-vista-start-menu/

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• A button to set all processes to on-hold for Linux?

  - by fuenfundachtzig

  When Linux starts swapping you're basically doomed. Very soon the system won't react to any input any more, but happily swap on until the end of days... Can you think of a command that holds all processes whatsoever, thus (and while) allowing you to open a clean shell where you can examine the source of the problem and kill the process which ate up all the memory? (I guess this won't be easy, because as the memory is probably completely filled up you'd need to swap out some more memory to gather space for opening a shell, on the other hand all other swapping processes must be stopped.) If you tied such a command to a hot key then maybe you can use this as an emergency button saving you a lot a time. Any ideas if this is possible at all? Has somebody tried something like this before? If one could realize this it would be a cool feature :)

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• exported variable not persisted after script execution

  - by Daniele

  I'm facing a wierd issue. I've a vm with solaris 11, and trying to write some bash scripts. if, on the shell, I type : export TEST=aaa and subsequently run: set I correctly see a new environment variable named TEST whose value is aaa. If, however I do basically the same thing in a script. when the script terminates, I do not see the variable set. To make a concrete example, if in a file test.sh I have: #!/usr/bin/bash echo 1: $TEST #variable not defined yet, expect to print only 1: echo 2: $USER TEST=sss echo 3: $TEST export TEST echo 4: $TEST it prints: 1: 2: daniele 3: sss 4: sss and after its execution, TEST is not set in the shell. Am I missing something? I tried both to do export TEST=sss and the separate variable set/export with no difference.

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