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• Object Oriented vs Relational Databases

  - by Dan

  Objects oriented databases seem like a really cool idea to me, no need to worry about mapping your domain model to your database model, no messing around with sql or ORM tools. The way I understand it, relational DBs offer some advantages when there is massive amounts of data, and searching an indexing need to be done. To my mind 99% of websites are not massive, and enterprise issues never need to be thought about, so why arn't OO DBs more widely used?

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• How do I update the members of a MySQL SET Type?

  - by MachinationX

  I have a table of values, with one of the columns being of type SET. If it currently has the members ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'), how do I add 'e' to the possible values? I realize that using a SET type is a little strange, and I'm unclear why one would use it instead of a foreign key to another table with the values of the set, but I didn't design the database in question, and can't change it that much. Thanks for your help!

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• methods of joining 2 tables without using JOIN or SELECT more than one distinct table in the query

  - by GB_J

  Is there a way of joining results from 2 tables without using JOIN or SELECT from more than one table? The reason being the database im working with requires queries that only contain SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses containing only one distinct table. I do, however, need information from other tables for the project i'm working on. More info: the querier returns the query results in a .csv format, is there something we can manipulate there?

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• Oracle/SQL table attribute question

  - by UnceRawr

  I have been given a context schema for a database i need to make for my coursework but some of the attributes (column names) contain letters in brackets at the end of them such as: *x_Number (Adm) *x_Number (A) *x_Number (P) The problem is i have no idea what these letters mean! Can anyone help?

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• OAM OVD integration - Error Encounterd while performance test "LDAP response read timed out, timeout used:2000ms"

  - by siddhartha_sinha

  While working on OAM OVD integration for one of my client, I have been involved in the performance test of the products wherein I encountered OAM authentication failures while talking to OVD during heavy load. OAM logs revealed the following: oracle.security.am.common.policy.common.response.ResponseException: oracle.security.am.engines.common.identity.provider.exceptions.IdentityProviderException: OAMSSA-20012: Exception in getting user attributes for user : dummy_user1, idstore MyIdentityStore with exception javax.naming.NamingException: LDAP response read timed out, timeout used:2000ms.; remaining name 'ou=people,dc=oracle,dc=com' at oracle.security.am.common.policy.common.response.IdentityValueProvider.getUserAttribute(IdentityValueProvider.java:271) ... During the authentication and authorization process, OAM complains that the LDAP repository is taking too long to return user attributes.The default value is 2 seconds as can be seen from the exception, "2000ms". While troubleshooting the issue, it was found that we can increase the ldap read timeout in oam-config.xml.  For reference, the attribute to add in the oam-config.xml file is: <Setting Name="LdapReadTimeout" Type="xsd:string">2000</Setting> However it is not recommended to increase the time out unless it is absolutely necessary and ensure that back-end directory servers are working fine. Rather I took the path of tuning OVD in the following manner: 1) Navigate to ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/OPMN/opmn folder and edit opmn.xml. Search for <data id="java-options" ………> and edit the contents of the file with the highlighted items: <category id="start-options"><data id="java-bin" value="$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java"/><data id="java-options" value="-server -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Dvde.soTimeoutBackend=0 -Didm.oracle.home=$ORACLE_HOME -Dcommon.components.home=$ORACLE_HOME/../oracle_common -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:/opt/bea/Middleware/asinst_1/diagnostics/logs/OVD/ovd1/ovdGClog.log -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -Doracle.security.jps.config=$ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/JPS/jps-config-jse.xml"/><data id="java-classpath" value="$ORACLE_HOME/ovd/jlib/vde.jar$:$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/ojdbc6.jar"/></category></module-data><stop timeout="120"/><ping interval="60"/></process-type> When the system is busy, a ping from the Oracle Process Manager and Notification Server (OPMN) to Oracle Virtual Directory may fail. As a result, OPMN will restart Oracle Virtual Directory after 20 seconds (the default ping interval). To avoid this, consider increasing the ping interval to 60 seconds or more. 2) Navigate to ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/OVD/ovd1 folder.Open listeners.os_xml file and perform the following changes: · Search for <ldap id=”Ldap Endpoint”…….> and point the cursor to that line. · Change threads count to 200. · Change anonymous bind to Deny. · Change workQueueCapacity to 8096. Add a new parameter <useNIO> and set its value to false viz: <useNIO>false</useNio> Snippet: <ldap version="8" id="LDAP Endpoint"> ....... .......  <socketOptions><backlog>128</backlog>         <reuseAddress>false</reuseAddress>         <keepAlive>false</keepAlive>         <tcpNoDelay>true</tcpNoDelay>         <readTimeout>0</readTimeout>      </socketOptions> <useNIO>false</useNIO></ldap> Restart OVD server. For more information on OVD tuneup refer to http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E25054_01/core.1111/e10108/ovd.htm. Please Note: There were few patches released from OAM side for performance tune-up as well. Will provide the updates shortly !!!

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• Q&A: Oracle's Paul Needham on How to Defend Against Insider Attacks

  - by Troy Kitch

  Source: Database Insider Newsletter: The threat from insider attacks continues to grow. In fact, just since January 1, 2014, insider breaches have been reported by a major consumer bank, a major healthcare organization, and a range of state and local agencies, according to the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse.  We asked Paul Needham, Oracle senior director, product management, to shed light on the nature of these pernicious risks—and how organizations can best defend themselves against the threat from insider risks. Q. First, can you please define the term "insider" in this context? A. According to the CERT Insider Threat Center, a malicious insider is a current or former employee, contractor, or business partner who "has or had authorized access to an organization's network, system, or data and intentionally exceeded or misused that access in a manner that negatively affected the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the organization's information or information systems."  Q. What has changed with regard to insider risks? A. We are actually seeing the risk of privileged insiders growing. In the latest Independent Oracle Users Group Data Security Survey, the number of organizations that had not taken steps to prevent privileged user access to sensitive information had grown from 37 percent to 42 percent. Additionally, 63 percent of respondents say that insider attacks represent a medium-to-high risk—higher than any other category except human error (by an insider, I might add). Q. What are the dangers of this type of risk? A. Insiders tend to have special insight and access into the kinds of data that are especially sensitive. Breaches can result in long-term legal issues and financial penalties. They can also damage an organization's brand in a way that directly impacts its bottom line. Finally, there is the potential loss of intellectual property, which can have serious long-term consequences because of the loss of market advantage.  Q. How can organizations protect themselves against abuse of privileged access? A. Every organization has privileged users and that will always be the case. The questions are how much access should those users have to application data stored in the database, and how can that default access be controlled? Oracle Database Vault (See image) was designed specifically for this purpose and helps protect application data against unauthorized access.  Oracle Database Vault can be used to block default privileged user access from inside the database, as well as increase security controls on the application itself. Attacks can and do come from inside the organization, and they are just as likely to come from outside as attempts to exploit a privileged account.  Using Oracle Database Vault protection, boundaries can be placed around database schemas, objects, and roles, preventing privileged account access from being exploited by hackers and insiders.  A new Oracle Database Vault capability called privilege analysis identifies privileges and roles used at runtime, which can then be audited or revoked by the security administrators to reduce the attack surface and increase the security of applications overall.  For a more comprehensive look at controlling data access and restricting privileged data in Oracle Database, download Needham's new e-book, Securing Oracle Database 12c: A Technical Primer. 

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• Unlocking High Performance with Policy Administration Replacement

  - by helen.pitts(at)oracle.com

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-CA;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-CA;} It is clear the insurance industry is undergoing significant changes as it consolidates and prepares for growth. The increasing focus on customer centricity, enhanced and speedier product development capabilities, and compliance with regulatory changes has forced companies to rethink well-entrenched policy administration processes. In previous Oracle Insurance blogs I’ve highlighted industry research pointing to policy administration replacement as a top IT priority for carriers. It is predicted that by 2013, the global IT spend on policy administration alone is likely to be almost 22 percentage of the total insurance IT spend. To achieve growth, insurers are adopting new pricing models, enhancing distribution reach, and quickly launching new products and services—all of which depend on agile and effective policy administration processes and technologies. Next month speakers from Oracle Insurance and Capgemini Financial Services will discuss how insurers can competitively drive high performance through policy administration replacement during a free, one-hour webcast hosted by LOMA. Roger Soppe, Oracle senior director, Insurance Strategy, together with Capgemini’s Lars Ernsting, leader, Life & Pensions COE, and Scott Mampre, vice president, Insurance, will be the speakers. Specifically, they’ll be highlighting: How replacing a legacy policy administration system with a modern, flexible platform optimizes IT and operations costs, creates consistent processes and eliminates resource redundancies How selecting the right partner with the best blend of technology, operational, and consulting capabilities, is an important pre-requisite to unlock high performance from policy administration transformation to achieve product, operational, and cost leadership  The value of outsourcing closed block operations We look forward to your participation on Thursday, July 14, 11:00 a.m. ET. Please register now. Helen Pitts is senior product marketing manager for Oracle Insurance's life and annuities solutions.

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• GLSL Shader Texture Performance

  - by Austin

  I currently have a project that renders OpenGL video using a vertex and fragment shader. The shaders work fine as-is, but in trying to add in texturing, I am running into performance issues and can't figure out why. Before adding texturing, my program ran just fine and loaded my CPU between 0%-4%. When adding texturing (specifically textures AND color -- noted by comment below), my CPU is 100% loaded. The only code I have added is the relevant texturing code to the shader, and the "glBindTexture()" calls to the rendering code. Here are my shaders and relevant rending code. Vertex Shader: #version 150 uniform mat4 mvMatrix; uniform mat4 mvpMatrix; uniform mat3 normalMatrix; uniform vec4 lightPosition; uniform float diffuseValue; layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertex; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; layout(location = 2) in vec3 normal; layout(location = 3) in vec2 texCoord; smooth out VertData { vec3 color; vec3 normal; vec3 toLight; float diffuseValue; vec2 texCoord; } VertOut; void main(void) { gl_Position = mvpMatrix * vec4(vertex, 1.0); VertOut.normal = normalize(normalMatrix * normal); VertOut.toLight = normalize(vec3(mvMatrix * lightPosition - gl_Position)); VertOut.color = color; VertOut.diffuseValue = diffuseValue; VertOut.texCoord = texCoord; } Fragment Shader: #version 150 smooth in VertData { vec3 color; vec3 normal; vec3 toLight; float diffuseValue; vec2 texCoord; } VertIn; uniform sampler2D tex; layout(location = 0) out vec3 colorOut; void main(void) { float diffuseComp = max( dot(normalize(VertIn.normal), normalize(VertIn.toLight)) ), 0.0); vec4 color = texture2D(tex, VertIn.texCoord); colorOut = color.rgb * diffuseComp * VertIn.diffuseValue + color.rgb * (1 - VertIn.diffuseValue); // FOLLOWING LINE CAUSES PERFORMANCE ISSUES colorOut *= VertIn.color; } Relevant Rendering Code: // 3 textures have been successfully pre-loaded, and can be used // texture[0] is a 1x1 white texture to effectively turn off texturing glUseProgram(program); // Draw squares glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 6*4); // Draw triangles glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3*4); // Draw reference planes glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 4*81*2); // Draw terrain glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 501*501*6); // Release glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); glUseProgram(0); Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• Best pattern for storing (product) attributes in SQL Server

  - by EdH

  We are starting a new project where we need to store product and many product attributes in a database. The technology stack is MS SQL 2008 and Entity Framework 4.0 / LINQ for data access. The products (and Products Table) are pretty straightforward (a SKU, manufacturer, price, etc..). However there are also many attributes to store with each product (think industrial widgets). These may range from color to certification(s) to pipe size. Every product may have different attributes, and some may have multiples of the same attribute (Ex: Certifications). The current proposal is that we will basically have a name/value pair table with a FK back to the product ID in each row. An example of the attributes Table may look like this: ProdID AttributeName AttributeValue 123 Color Blue 123 FittingSize 1.25 123 Certification AS1111 123 Certification EE2212 123 Certification FM.3 456 Pipe 11 678 Color Red 999 Certification AE1111 ... Note: Attribute name would likely come from a lookup table or enum. So the main question here is: Is this the best pattern for doing something like this? How will the performance be? Queries will be based on a JOIN of the product and attributes table, and generally need many WHEREs to filter on specific attributes - the most common search will be to find a product based on a set of known/desired attributes. If anyone has any suggestions or a better pattern for this type of data, please let me know. Thanks! -Ed

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• Struggling with a data modeling problem

  - by rpat

  I am struggling with a data model (I use MySQL for the database). I am uneasy about what I have come up with. If someone could suggest a better approach, or point me to some reference matter I would appreciate it. The data would have organizations of many types. I am trying to do a 3 level classification (Class, Category, Type). Say if I have 'Italian Restaurant', it will have the following classification Food Services Restaurants Italian However, an organization may belong to multiple groups. A restaurant may also serve Chinese and Italian. So it will fit into 2 classifications Food Services Restaurants Italian Food Services Restaurants Chinese The classification reference tables would be like the following: ORG_CLASS (RowId, ClassCode, ClassName) 1, FOOD, Food Services ORG_CATEGORY(RowId, ClassCode, CategoryCode, CategoryName) 1, FOOD, REST, Restaurants ORG_TYPE (RowId, ClassCode, CategoryCode, TypeCode, TypeName) 100, FOOD, REST, ITAL, Italian 101, FOOD, REST, CHIN, Chinese 102, FOOD, REST, SPAN, Spanish 103, FOOD, REST, MEXI, Mexican 104, FOOD, REST, FREN, French 105, FOOD, REST, MIDL, Middle Eastern The actual data tables would be like the following: I will allow an organization a max of 3 classifications. I will have 3 GroupIds each pointing to a row in ORG_TYPE. So I have my ORGANIZATION_TABLE ORGANIZATION_TABLE (OrgGroupId1, OrgGroupId2, OrgGroupId3, OrgName, OrgAddres) 100,103,NULL,MyRestaurant1, MyAddr1 100,102,NULL,MyRestaurant2, MyAddr2 100,104,105, MyRestaurant3, MyAddr3 During data add, a dialog could let the user choose the clssa, category, type and the corresponding GroupId could be populated with the rowid from the ORG_TYPE table. During Search, If all three classification are chosen, It will be more specific. For example, if Food Services Restaurants Italian is the criteria, the where clause would be 'where OrgGroupId1 = 100' If only 2 levels are chosen Food Services Restaurants I have to do 'where OrgGroupId1 in (100,101,102,103,104,105, .....)' - There could be a hundred in that list I will disallow class level search. That is I will force selection of a class and category The Ids would be integers. I am trying to see performance issues and other issues. Overall, would this work? or I need to throw this out and start from scratch.

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• Building a News-feed that comprises posts "created by user's connections" && "on the topics user is following"

  - by aklin81

  I am working on a project of Questions & Answers website that allows a user to follow questions on certain topics from his network. A user's news-feed wall comprises of only those questions that have been posted by his connections and tagged on the topics that he is following(his expertise topics). I am confused what database's datamodel would be most fitting for such an application. The project needs to consider the future provisions for scalability and high performance issues. I have been looking at Cassandra and MySQL solutions as of now. After my study of Cassandra I realized that Simple news-feed design that shows all the posts from network would be easy to design using Cassandra by executing fast writes to all followers of a user about the post from user. But for my kind of application where there is an additional filter of 'followed topics', (ie, the user receives posts "created by his network" && "on topics user is following"), I could not convince myself with a good schema design in Cassandra. I hope if I missed something because of my short understanding of cassandra, perhaps, can you please help me out with your suggestions of how this news-feed could be implemented in Cassandra ? Looking for a great project with Cassandra ! Edit: There are going to be maximum 5 tags allowed for tagging the question (ie, max 5 topics can be tagged on a question).

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• how to design a schema where the columns of a table are not fixed

  - by hIpPy

  I am trying to design a schema where the columns of a table are not fixed. Ex: I have an Employee table where the columns of the table are not fixed and vary (attributes of Employee are not fixed and vary). Nullable columns in the Employee table itself i.e. no normalization Instead of adding nullable columns, separate those columns out in their individual tables ex: if Address is a column to be added then create table Address[EmployeeId, AddressValue]. Create tables ExtensionColumnName [EmployeeId, ColumnName] and ExtensionColumnValue [EmployeeId, ColumnValue]. ExtensionColumnName would have ColumnName as "Address" and ExtensionColumnValue would have ColumnValue as address value. Employee table EmployeeId Name ExtensionColumnName table ColumnNameId EmployeeId ColumnName ExtensionColumnValue table EmployeeId ColumnNameId ColumnValue There is a drawback is the first two ways as the schema changes with every new attribute. Note that adding a new attribute is frequent. I am not sure if this is the good or bad design. If someone had a similar decision to make, please give an insight on things like foreign keys / data integrity, indexing, performance, reporting etc.

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• "[INS-30131] Initial setup required for the execution of installer validations failed." Encountering this error while installing Oracle database 12c. [on hold]

  - by user132992

  I am trying to install Oracle 12c database on my machine running Fedora 20. And I am encountering this problem: "[INS-30131] Initial setup required for the execution of installer validations failed." And when we see the details then it is like this: Cause - Failed to access the temporary location. Action - Ensure that the current user has required permissions to access the temporary location. Additional Information: - Framework setup check failed on all the nodes - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available   - Action: User Action Not Available Summary of the failed nodes fedora - Version of exectask could not be retrieved from node "fedora"   - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available   - Action: User Action Not Available To eliminate this error I have tried various measures including the change of permission of the tmp folder and restarting the computer but none is working. Plz someone help me out of this. Any kind of help will be appreciated...

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• Idea to develop a caching server between IIS and SQL Server

  - by John

  I work on a few high traffic websites that all share the same database and that are all heavily database driven. Our SQL server is max-ed out and, although we have already implemented many changes that have helped but the server is still working too hard. We employ some caching in our website but the type of queries we use negate using SQL dependency caching. We tried SQL replication to try and kind of load balance but that didn't prove very successful because the replication process is quite demanding on the servers too and it needed to be done frequently as it is important that data is up to date. We do use a Varnish web caching server (Linux based) to take a bit of the load off both the web and database server but as a lot of the sites are customised based on the user we can only do so much. Anyway, the reason for this question... Varnish gave me an idea for a possible application that might help in this situation. Just like Varnish sits between a web browser and the web server and caches response from the web server, I was wondering about the possibility of creating something that sits between the web server and the database server. Imagine that all SQL queries go through this SQL caching server. If it's a first time query then it will get recorded, and the result requested from the SQL server and stored locally on the cache server. If it's a repeat request within a set time then the result gets retrieved from the local copy without the query being sent to the SQL server. The caching server could also take advantage of SQL dependency caching notifications. This seems like a good idea in theory. There's still the same amount of data moving back and forward from the web server, but the SQL server is relieved of the work of processing the repeat queries. I wonder about how difficult it would be to build a service that sort of emulates requests and responses from SQL server, whether SQL server's own caching is doing enough of this already that this wouldn't be a benefit, or even if someone has done this before and I haven't found it? I would welcome any feedback or any references to any relevant projects.

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• NFS (with Kerberos) mount failing due to "Server not found in Kerberos database" error

  - by Kendall Hopkins

  When running: `sudo mount -t nfs4 -o sec=krb5 sol.domain.com:/ /mnt` I get this error on the client: mount.nfs4: access denied by server while mounting sol.domain.com:/ And on the server syslogs UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for nfs/ip-#-#-#-#[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for nfs/ip-#-#-#-#[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database UNKNOWN_SERVER: authtime 0, nfs/[email protected] for krbtgt/[email protected], Server not found in Kerberos database Server keytab file: ubuntu@sol:~$ sudo klist -e -k /etc/krb5.keytab Keytab name: WRFILE:/etc/krb5.keytab KVNO Principal ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 host/[email protected] (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 7 host/[email protected] (arcfour-hmac) 7 host/[email protected] (des3-cbc-sha1) 7 host/[email protected] (des-cbc-crc) 9 nfs/[email protected] (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 9 nfs/[email protected] (arcfour-hmac) 9 nfs/[email protected] (des3-cbc-sha1) 9 nfs/[email protected] (des-cbc-crc) Client keytab file: ubuntu@mercury:~$ sudo klist -e -k /etc/krb5.keytab Keytab name: WRFILE:/etc/krb5.keytab KVNO Principal ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 host/[email protected] (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 host/[email protected] (arcfour-hmac) 3 host/[email protected] (des3-cbc-sha1) 3 host/[email protected] (des-cbc-crc) 3 nfs/[email protected] (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 nfs/[email protected] (arcfour-hmac) 3 nfs/[email protected] (des3-cbc-sha1) 3 nfs/[email protected] (des-cbc-crc)

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• Improving RDP performance

  - by blade

  Hi, How can I improve RDP performance? I'm on an 8mb line, and I have disabled all the fancy features like visual styles. One page said if I set a low speed, that too will increase performance. Is there any proof in this? Also, there was an ad here about an application/technology which can increase RDP performance by x20. Has anyone used this? Thanks

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• Poor WAMP performance when using SMB/UNC Paths

  - by Brad

  I've configured a WAMP (Windows Apache MySQL and PHP) stack when when configured to use local storage takes 3-4 seconds to load. When I use an SMB/UNC share it takes 12-15 seconds to load. Here are the two lines in my httpd.conf: #DocumentRoot "//10.99.108.11/test_htdocs" #<Directory "//10.99.108.11/test_htdocs"> #DocumentRoot "C:/www" #<Directory "C:/www"> Is there performance tuning I can do on windows server 2008 R2 to improve performance or is there another way to improve performance using smb

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• Database which only holds indexes and last X records in memory?

  - by Xeoncross

  I'm looking for a data store that is very memory efficient while still allowing many object changes per second and disregarding ACID compliance for the last X records. I need this database for a server with not much memory and I can make a key-value store, document, or SQL database work. The idea is that indexes/keys are the only thing I need in memory and all the actual values/objects/rows can be saved on disk do to the low read rate (I just want index/key lookup to be fast). I also don't want records constantly being flushed to disk, so I would like the last X number of records to be held in memory so that 100 or so of them can all be written at once. I don't care if I lose the last 10 seconds worth of objects/values. I do care if the database as a whole is in danger of becoming corrupt. Is there a data-store like this?

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• Migrating master-slave MySQL database servers to 2 new servers, any tips or suggestions?

  - by mmattax

  I'm setting up 2 new database servers that will be replacing a current master-slave setup. All boxes are running / will be running MySQL on RHEL. Our current naming conventions: db1 - master database db2 - slave (using MySQL replication) db01 - new master db02 - new slave We need to get db01 to be the new master with db02 as the new slave. What is the best way to migrate db1 and db2 to db01 and db02? db1 and db2 are running in a production setting and we need to minimize all downtime; db1 has roughly 30GB of data in the database. Any suggestions or tips on how to migrate to our new servers would be much appreciated.

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• SQL Server performance on VSphere 4.0

  - by Charles

  We are having a performance issue that we cannot explain with our VMWare environment and I am hoping someone here may be able to help. We have a web application that uses a databases backend. We have an SQL 2005 Cluster setup on Windows 2003 R2 between a physical node and a virtual node. Both physical servers are identical 2950's with 2x Xeaon x5460 Quad Core CPUs and 64GB of memory, 16GB allocated to the OS. We are utilizing an iSCSI San for all cluster disks. The problem is this, when utilizing the application under a repeated stress testing that adds CPUs to the cluster nodes, the Physical node scales from 1 pCPU to 8 pCPUs, meaning we see continued performance increases. When testing the node running Vsphere, we have the expected 12% performance hit for being virtual but we still scale from 1 vCPU to 4 vCPUs like the physical but beyond this performance drops off, by the time we get to 8 vCPUs we are seeing performance numbers worse than at 4 vCPUs. Again, both nodes are configured identically in terms of hardware, Guest OS, SQL Configurations etc and there is no traffic other than the testing on the system. There are no other VMs on the virtual server so there should be no competition for resources. We have contacted VMWare for help but they have not really been any suggesting things like setting SQL Processor Affinity which, while being helpful would have the same net effect on each box and should not change our results in the least. We have looked at all of VMWare's SQL Tuning guides with regards to VSphere with no benefit, please help!

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• Windows authenticated users have lost access to master (default) database

  - by Rob Nicholson

  Something very strange has occurred on our production SQL database. Users connecting via Windows authentication appear to have lost all access to the master database. By default, all logins have the default database set to master. So when you connect using SQL Server management studio, they get the error: "Cannot open user default database. Login failed error 4064". What's also worrying is that we have a group called "COMPANY - SQL Administrator" which has sysadmin rights and users in this group also get the same error. Worse, they don't appear to be system administrators anymore... If they change their default database to something else, they can connect and then work on the database, it's just the master database that is problematic. I'm not even sure by what mechanism windows authenticated users get access to the master database. Is it something hard coded in or some property that's got changed? Any ideas? Cheers, Rob.

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• Bad performance with Linux software RAID5 and LUKS encryption

  - by Philipp Wendler

  I have set up a Linux software RAID5 on three hard drives and want to encrypt it with cryptsetup/LUKS. My tests showed that the encryption leads to a massive performance decrease that I cannot explain. The RAID5 is able to write 187 MB/s [1] without encryption. With encryption on top of it, write speed is down to about 40 MB/s. The RAID has a chunk size of 512K and a write intent bitmap. I used -c aes-xts-plain -s 512 --align-payload=2048 as the parameters for cryptsetup luksFormat, so the payload should be aligned to 2048 blocks of 512 bytes (i.e., 1MB). cryptsetup luksDump shows a payload offset of 4096. So I think the alignment is correct and fits to the RAID chunk size. The CPU is not the bottleneck, as it has hardware support for AES (aesni_intel). If I write on another drive (an SSD with LVM) that is also encrypted, I do have a write speed of 150 MB/s. top shows that the CPU usage is indeed very low, only the RAID5 xor takes 14%. I also tried putting a filesystem (ext4) directly on the unencrypted RAID so see if the layering is problem. The filesystem decreases the performance a little bit as expected, but by far not that much (write speed varying, but 100 MB/s). Summary: Disks + RAID5: good Disks + RAID5 + ext4: good Disks + RAID5 + encryption: bad SSD + encryption + LVM + ext4: good The read performance is not affected by the encryption, it is 207 MB/s without and 205 MB/s with encryption (also showing that CPU power is not the problem). What can I do to improve the write performance of the encrypted RAID? [1] All speed measurements were done with several runs of dd if=/dev/zero of=DEV bs=100M count=100 (i.e., writing 10G in blocks of 100M). Edit: If this helps: I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 64bit with Linux 2.6.38. Edit2: The performance stays approximately the same if I pass a block size of 4KB, 1MB or 10MB to dd.

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• Can I convert my database/script to UTF-8 ?

  - by Mohannad Otaibi

  How can I convert a database to support UTF-8 and convert it's old data from what ever encoding they're in to UTF-8 ? Extra Info: I'm running a server which has many websites on it, and one of them is running WHMCS (php script to manage hosting clients). WHMCS has an iPhone application where i can browse it through iPhone, the problem is that this application will only run if everything in my website is in UTF-8 encoding. I was using windows-1256 as encoding in my script's settings, and i tried changing that in some point of time to UTF-8 for a while then changed it back to windows-1256 so, the data in the database are some inserted using UTF standards and most of them are windows-1256 If someone could clear the picture for me, Do I need to convert every database on the server or just one DB ? what should I change? If i had to do that manually, I'll do it but I need some expert advise.

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• SQL SERVER – Introduction to Wait Stats and Wait Types – Wait Type – Day 1 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  I have been working a lot on Wait Stats and Wait Types recently. Last Year, I requested blog readers to send me their respective server’s wait stats. I appreciate their kind response as I have received  Wait stats from my readers. I took each of the results and carefully analyzed them. I provided necessary feedback to the person who sent me his wait stats and wait types. Based on the feedbacks I got, many of the readers have tuned their server. After a while I got further feedbacks on my recommendations and again, I collected wait stats. I recorded the wait stats and my recommendations and did further research. At some point at time, there were more than 10 different round trips of the recommendations and suggestions. Finally, after six month of working my hands on performance tuning, I have collected some real world wisdom because of this. Now I plan to share my findings with all of you over here. Before anything else, please note that all of these are based on my personal observations and opinions. They may or may not match the theory available at other places. Some of the suggestions may not match your situation. Remember, every server is different and consequently, there is more than one solution to a particular problem. However, this series is written with kept wait stats in mind. While I was working on various performance tuning consultations, I did many more things than just tuning wait stats. Today we will discuss how to capture the wait stats. I use the script diagnostic script created by my friend and SQL Server Expert Glenn Berry to collect wait stats. Here is the script to collect the wait stats: -- Isolate top waits for server instance since last restart or statistics clear WITH Waits AS (SELECT wait_type, wait_time_ms / 1000. AS wait_time_s, 100. * wait_time_ms / SUM(wait_time_ms) OVER() AS pct, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY wait_time_ms DESC) AS rn FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats WHERE wait_type NOT IN ('CLR_SEMAPHORE','LAZYWRITER_SLEEP','RESOURCE_QUEUE','SLEEP_TASK' ,'SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK','SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH','WAITFOR', 'LOGMGR_QUEUE','CHECKPOINT_QUEUE' ,'REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH','XE_TIMER_EVENT','BROKER_TO_FLUSH','BROKER_TASK_STOP','CLR_MANUAL_EVENT' ,'CLR_AUTO_EVENT','DISPATCHER_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE', 'FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT' ,'XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT', 'XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN', 'SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP')) SELECT W1.wait_type, CAST(W1.wait_time_s AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS wait_time_s, CAST(W1.pct AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS pct, CAST(SUM(W2.pct) AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS running_pct FROM Waits AS W1 INNER JOIN Waits AS W2 ON W2.rn <= W1.rn GROUP BY W1.rn, W1.wait_type, W1.wait_time_s, W1.pct HAVING SUM(W2.pct) - W1.pct < 99 OPTION (RECOMPILE); -- percentage threshold GO This script uses Dynamic Management View sys.dm_os_wait_stats to collect the wait stats. It omits the system-related wait stats which are not useful to diagnose performance-related bottleneck. Additionally, not OPTION (RECOMPILE) at the end of the DMV will ensure that every time the query runs, it retrieves new data and not the cached data. This dynamic management view collects all the information since the time when the SQL Server services have been restarted. You can also manually clear the wait stats using the following command: DBCC SQLPERF('sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR); Once the wait stats are collected, we can start analysis them and try to see what is causing any particular wait stats to achieve higher percentages than the others. Many waits stats are related to one another. When the CPU pressure is high, all the CPU-related wait stats show up on top. But when that is fixed, all the wait stats related to the CPU start showing reasonable percentages. It is difficult to have a sure solution, but there are good indications and good suggestions on how to solve this. I will keep this blog post updated as I will post more details about wait stats and how I reduce them. The reference to Book On Line is over here. Of course, I have selected February to run this Wait Stats series. I am already cheating by having the smallest month to run this series. :) Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: DMV, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• DBA Command line options

  - by Anthony Shorten

  There are a number of database utilities supplied with the installation of the Oracle Utilities Application Framework based products. These are typically run in interactive mode where the utility prompts you for the values and then executes the required functionality. Did you know that the utilities also have command line options that allow you to run the utility in silent mode as well? You can assess the command line options by specifying the -h option on the command line. Here is an example of the oragensec command line options: oragensec -d <Owner,OwnerPswd,DbName> -u <Database Users> -r <ReadRole,UserRole> -l <logfile> -h where: -d <Owner,OwnerPswd,DbName> Database connect information for the target database. e.g. spladm,spladm,DB200ODB. -u <Database Users> A comma-separated list of database users where synonyms need to be created. e.g. spluser, splread -r <ReadRole,UserRole> Optional. Names of database roles with read and read-write privileges. Default roles are SPL_READ, SPL_USER. e.g. spl_read,spl_user -l <logfile> Optional. Name of the log file. -h Help The command line options allow the DBA to automate the exeucution either via a script or some utility can than execute utilities. This optin can apply to the majority of DBA utilities supplied with the product. Take a look at others.

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