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  • Passing list and dictionary type parameter with Python

    - by prosseek
    When I run this code def func(x, y, *w, **z): print x print y if w: print w if z: print z else: print "None" func(10,20, 1,2,3,{'k':'a'}) I get the result as follows. 10 20 (1, 2, 3, {'k': 'a'}) None But, I expected as follows, I mean the list parameters (1,2,3) matching *w, and dictionary matching **z. 10 20 (1,2,3) {'k':'a'} Q : What went wrong? How can I pass the list and dictionary as parameters? Added func(10,20, 10,20,30, k='a') seems to be working

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  • sending instant messages through python (msn)

    - by code_by_night
    ok I am well aware there are many other questions about this, but I have been searching and have yet to find a solid proper answer that doesnt revolve around jabber or something worse. (no offense to jabber users, just I don't want all the extras that come with it) I currently have msnp and twisted.words, I simply want to send and receive messages, have read many examples that have failed to work, and msnp is poorly documented. My preference is msnp as it requires much less code, I'm not looking for something complicated. Using this code I can login, and view my friends that are online (can't send them messages though.): import msnp import time, threading msn = msnp.Session() msn.login('[email protected]', 'XXXXXX') msn.sync_friend_list() class MSN_Thread(threading.Thread): def run(self): msn.start_chat("[email protected]") #this does not work while True: msn.process() time.sleep(1) start_msn = MSN_Thread() start_msn.start() I hope I have been clear enough, its pretty late and my head is not in a clear state after all this msn frustration. edit: since it seems msnp is extremely outdated could anyone recommend with simple examples on how I could achieve this? Don't need anything fancy that requires other accounts.

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  • Setting checkstate on a ListWidgetItem

    - by viraptor
    Hi, I'm trying to create a list of checkbox items that change the status on activation. I can connect the activate signal and everything seems to work, but changes on the screen. Am I missing some steps here? Here's the list creation: self.listField = QtGui.QListWidget(self) muted_categories = qb.settingsCollection['mutedCategories'].split('|') main_categories = sorted(set(qb.categoryTopNames.values())) for category in main_categories: item = QtGui.QListWidgetItem(category, self.listField) item.setFlags(QtCore.Qt.ItemIsUserCheckable | QtCore.Qt.ItemIsEnabled) if category in muted_categories: item.setCheckState(QtCore.Qt.Checked) else: item.setCheckState(QtCore.Qt.Unchecked) self.listField.connect(self.listField, QtCore.SIGNAL('itemActivated(QListWidgetItem*)'), self.doItemChangeState) and here's the handler: def doItemChangeState(self, item): """ invert the state of the activated item """ if item.checkState() == QtCore.Qt.Checked: item.setCheckState(QtCore.Qt.Unchecked) else: item.setCheckState(QtCore.Qt.Checked) I verified that the handler is fired after clicking - if I put prints there, it will alternate "checked" / "unchecked". What can I do to refresh the checkboxes themselves?

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  • Compound dictionary keys

    - by John Keyes
    I have a particular case where using compound dictionary keys would make a task easier. I have a working solution, but feel it is inelegant. How would you do it? context = { 'database': { 'port': 9990, 'users': ['number2', 'dr_evil'] }, 'admins': ['[email protected]', '[email protected]'], 'domain.name': 'virtucon.com' } def getitem(key, context): if hasattr(key, 'upper') and key in context: return context[key] keys = key if hasattr(key, 'pop') else key.split('.') k = keys.pop(0) if keys: try: return getitem(keys, context[k]) except KeyError, e: raise KeyError(key) if hasattr(context, 'count'): k = int(k) return context[k] if __name__ == "__main__": print getitem('database', context) print getitem('database.port', context) print getitem('database.users.0', context) print getitem('admins', context) print getitem('domain.name', context) try: getitem('database.nosuchkey', context) except KeyError, e: print "Error:", e Thanks.

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  • Accessing a dictionary value by custom object value in Python?

    - by Sam
    So I have a square that's made up of a series of points. At every point there is a corresponding value. What I want to do is build a dictionary like this: class Point: def __init__(self, x, y): self._x = x self._y = y square = {} for x in range(0, 5): for y in range(0, 5): point = Point(x,y) square[point] = None However, if I later create a new point object and try to access the value of the dictionary with the key of that point it doesn't work.. square[Point(2,2)] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module> square[Point(2,2)] KeyError: <__main__.Point instance at 0x02E6C378> I'm guessing that this is because python doesn't consider two objects with the same properties to be the same object? Is there any way around this? Thanks

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  • Python - compare nested lists and append matches to new list?

    - by Seafoid
    Hi, I wish to compare to nested lists of unequal length. I am interested only in a match between the first element of each sub list. Should a match exist, I wish to add the match to another list for subsequent transformation into a tab delimited file. Here is an example of what I am working with: x = [['1', 'a', 'b'], ['2', 'c', 'd']] y = [['1', 'z', 'x'], ['4', 'z', 'x']] match = [] def find_match(): for i in x: for j in y: if i[1] == j[1]: match.append(j) return match This results in a series of empty lists. Is it better to use tuples and/or tuples of tuples for the purposes of comparison? Any help is greatly appreciated. Regards, Seafoid.

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  • How should I rewrite my code to make it amenable to unittesting?

    - by justin
    I've been trying to get started with unit-testing while working on a little cli program. My program basically parses the command line arguments and options, and decides which function to call. Each of the functions performs some operation on a database. So, for instance, I might have a create function: def create(self, opts, args): #I've left out the error handling. strtime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%D %H:%M") vals = (strtime, opts.message, opts.keywords, False) self.execute("insert into mytable values (?, ?, ?, ?)", vals) self.commit() Should my test case call this function, then execute the select sql to check that the row was entered? That sounds reasonable, but also makes the tests more difficult to maintain. Would you rewrite the function to return something and check for the return value? Thanks

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  • Customizing RadioSelect

    - by Kugel
    Hello I have a form with ChoiceField whose widget is set to RadioSelect Now to override default html output one needs to subclass RadioFieldRenderer like this: class SimpleRadioFieldRenderer(forms.widgets.RadioFieldRenderer): def render(self): """Outputs widget without <ul> or <li> tags.""" return mark_safe(u'\n'.join([u'%s' % force_unicode(w.tag()) for w in self])) All is good now except I'd like to be able to render 1 radio button at a time from template. Something like this: {{ form.myfield.0 }}} Or perhaps hanging it onto widget itself: {{ form.myfield.field.widget.0 }} What bugs me is that RadioFieldRenderer already implements __get_item__ to get just one RadioInput. The problem is that the renderer does not contain data, neither does the widget. And I'd really hate to mess with Field and BoundField. I need this to inject html before/after each radiobutton and I'd like it to be done in the template. From the code it would be easy. Any ideas are welcome.

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  • How to return an image in an HTTP response with CherryPy

    - by colinmarc
    I have code which generates a Cairo ImageSurface, and I expose it like so: def preview(...): surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height) ... cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = "image/png" return surface.get_data() preview.exposed = True This doesn't work (browsers report that the image has errors). I've tested that surface.write_to_png('test.png') works, but I'm not sure what to dump the data into to return it. I'm guessing some file-like object? According to the pycairo documentation, get_data() returns a buffer. I've also now tried: tempf = os.tmpfile() surface.write_to_png(tempf) return tempf Also, is it better to create and hold this image in memory (like I'm trying to do) or write it to disk as a temp file and serve it from there? I only need the image once, then it can be discarded.

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  • Ruby Actions: How to avoid a bunch of returns to halt execution?

    - by Alexandre
    How can I DRY the code below? Do I have to setup a bunch of ELSEs ? I usually find the "if this is met, stop", "if this is met, stop", rather than a bunch of nested ifs. I discovered that redirect_to and render don't stop the action execution... def payment_confirmed confirm_payment do |confirmation| @purchase = Purchase.find(confirmation.order_id) unless @purchase.products_match_order_products?(confirmation.products) # TODO notify the buyer of problems return end if confirmation.status == :completed @purchase.paid! # TODO notify the user of completed purchase redirect_to purchase_path(@purchase) else # TODO notify the user somehow that thigns are pending end return end unless session[:last_purchase_id] flash[:notice] = 'Unable to identify purchase from session data.' redirect_to user_path(current_user) return end @purchase = Purchase.find(session[:last_purchase_id]) if @purchase.paid? redirect_to purchase_path(@purchase) return end # going to show message about pending payment end

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  • to_xml with :only and :methods

    - by Jake
    I'm calling to_xml on an ActiveRecord object with both :only and :methods parameters. The method that I'm including returns a collection for AR objects. This works fine without the :only param, but when that is added I just get the default to_s representation of my objects. i.e <author><books>#&lt;Book:0x107753228&gt;</books>\n</author> Any ideas? Update, here is the code: class Author < ActiveRecord::Base def books #this is a named scope products.by_type(:book) end end Author.to_xml(:methods => :books, :only => :id)

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  • Validating class and superclass on RoR

    - by Luís Guilherme
    In ruby, you have an attribute called "type" which is the class of the object. Rails stores this at the database in a column called type. So, if I have several blog "types", I can do something like this def create @blog = Blog.new(params[:blog]) @blog[:type] = params[:blog][:type] # ... end If I add someone like this, and then load it, and ask its class (for instance, at the console), I have the right class name answered back. However, when I save it afterwards, rails will run only the superclass validators, not the ones I defined in the subclass. How should I make rails run the subclass validators?

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  • How do i redirect to a GET request from a POST request on GAE

    - by user259349
    Hello everyone, i am writing an FBML app on facebook hosted in GAE. Facebook will talk to your hosted app only vai POST (im sure this is the cause, but please do correct me if i'm wrong). So im faced with the issue that inside of my POST method, i need to redirect to facebook OAuth authroize URL. But i can only send a GET request. How can i do that? At the moment i'm doing class OauthHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def post(self): # blablablab request.redirect(oauth_uri) Which is wrong since the oauth_uri is only responding to GET. Further more, OAuth will redirect back to my redirect handler through GET, but i cant! i can only do post. So i'm confused. ideas? Thanks in advance

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  • Is this the 'Pythonic' way of doing things?

    - by Sergio Tapia
    This is my first effort on solving the exercise. I gotta say, I'm kind of liking Python. :D # D. verbing # Given a string, if its length is at least 3, # add 'ing' to its end. # Unless it already ends in 'ing', in which case # add 'ly' instead. # If the string length is less than 3, leave it unchanged. # Return the resulting string. def verbing(s): if len(s) >= 3: if s[-3:] == "ing": s += "ly" else: s += "ing" return s else: return s # +++your code here+++ return What do you think I could improve on here?

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  • Parse http GET and POST parameters from BaseHTTPHandler?

    - by ataylor
    BaseHTTPHandler from the BaseHTTPServer module doesn't seem to provide any convenient way to access http request parameters. What is the best way to parse the GET parameters from the path, and the POST parameters from the request body? Right now, I'm using this for GET: def do_GET(self): parsed_path = urlparse.urlparse(self.path) try: params = dict([p.split('=') for p in parsed_path[4].split('&')]) except: params = {} This works for most cases, but I'd like something more robust that handles encodings and cases like empty parameters properly. Ideally, I'd like something small and standalone, rather than a full web framework.

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  • how to lengthen the pause between the words with text-to-speech (pyTTS or SAPI5)

    - by Berry Tsakala
    Is it possible to extend the gap between spoken words when using text to speech with SAPI5 ? The problem is that esp. with some voices, the words are almost connected to each other, which makes the speech more difficult to understand. I'm using python and pyTTS module (on windows, since it's using SAPI) I tried to hook to the OnWord event and add a time.sleep() or tts.Pause(), but apparently even though all the events are caught, they are being processed only at the end of the spoken text, whether i'm using the sync or async flag. In this NON WORKING example, the sleep() method is executed only after the sentence is spoken: tts = pyTTS.Create() def f(x): tts.Pause() sleep(0.5) tts.Resume() tts.OnWord = f tts.Speak(text)

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  • Rails after_create callback can't access model's attributes

    - by tybro0103
    I can't access my model's attributes in the after_create callback... seems like I should be able to right? controller: @dog = Dog.new(:color => 'brown', :gender => 'male') @dog.user_id = current_user.id @dog.save model: class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base def after_create logger.debug "[DOG CREATED] color:#{color} gender:#{gender} user:#{user_id}" end end console: (all seems well) >>Dog.last =>#<Dog id: 1, color: "brown", gender: "male", user_id: 1> log: (wtf!?) ... [DOG CREATED] color: gender:male user ... Some of my attributes show up and others don't! oh no! Anyone know what I'm doing wrong? I've always been able to user after_create in such ways in the past. Note: The actual variable names and values I used were different, but the methods and code are the same.

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  • How to get entries from the second level query cache ?

    - by fabien7474
    In my grails application, I want to display all the current entries of the second-level cache from all regions. My code is as following : def getCacheStats() { StatisticsImpl stats = sessionFactory.statistics for (regionName in stats.secondLevelCacheRegionNames) { log.debug stats.getSecondLevelCacheStatistics(regionName).entries } } However everything works fine as long as the region name is not org.hibernate.cache.StandardQueryCache (region used for Query Cache). In that case, an exception is thrown : java.lang.ClassCastException: org.hibernate.cache.QueryKey cannot be cast to org.hibernate.cache.CacheKey Having googling around, I didn't find any clues about how to display the list of entries of the cached query result sets associated with regions StandardQueryCache and UpdateTimestampsCache. Could you please help me find a solution for this?

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  • appcfg.py upload_data entity kind problem

    - by Dingo
    Hi, I am developing application on app-engine-path and I would like to upload some data to datastore. For example I have a model models/places.py: class Place(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() longitude = db.FloatProperty() latitude = db.FloatProperty() If I save this in view, kind() of this entity is "models_place". All is ok, Place.all() in view work fine. But: If I upload some next row using appcfg.py upload_data, the kind() of this entities is Place. loader.py look like this: import datetime, os, sys from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.tools import bulkloader libs_path = os.path.join("/home/martin/myproject/src/") if libs_path not in sys.path: sys.path.insert(0, libs_path) from models import places class AlbumLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'Place', [('name', lambda x: x.decode('utf-8')), ('longitude', float), ('latitude', float), ]) loaders = [AlbumLoader] and command for uploading: python /usr/local/google_appengine/appcfg.py upload_data --config_file=places_loader.py --kind=models_place --filename=data/places.csv --url=http://localhost:8000/remote_api /home/martin/myproject/src/

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  • python object AttributeError: type object 'Track' has no attribute 'title'

    - by ccwhite1
    I apologize if this is a noob question, but I can't seem to figure this one out. I have defined an object that defines a music track (NOTE: originally had the just ATTRIBUTE vs self.ATTRIBUTE. I edited those values in to help remove confusion. They had no affect on the problem) class Track(object): def __init__(self, title, artist, album, source, dest): """ Model of the Track Object Contains the followign attributes: 'Title', 'Artist', 'Album', 'Source', 'Dest' """ self.atrTitle = title self.atrArtist = artist self.atrAlbum = album self.atrSource = source self.atrDest = dest I use ObjectListView to create a list of tracks in a specific directory ....other code.... self.aTrack = [Track(sTitle,sArtist,sAlbum,sSource, sDestDir)] self.TrackOlv.AddObjects(self.aTrack) ....other code.... Now I want to iterate the list and print out a single value of each item list = self.TrackOlv.GetObjects() for item in list: print item.atrTitle This fails with the error AttributeError: type object 'Track' has no attribute 'atrTitle' What really confuses me is if I highlight a single item in the Object List View display and use the following code, it will correctly print out the single value for the highlighted item list = self.TrackOlv.GetSelectedObject() print list.atrTitle

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  • Pythonic way of adding "ly" to end of string if it ends in "ing"?

    - by Sergio Tapia
    This is my first effort on solving the exercise. I gotta say, I'm kind of liking Python. :D # D. verbing # Given a string, if its length is at least 3, # add 'ing' to its end. # Unless it already ends in 'ing', in which case # add 'ly' instead. # If the string length is less than 3, leave it unchanged. # Return the resulting string. def verbing(s): if len(s) >= 3: if s[-3:] == "ing": s += "ly" else: s += "ing" return s else: return s # +++your code here+++ return What do you think I could improve on here?

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • creating my own context processor in django

    - by dotty
    Hay, I have come to a point where i need to pass certain variables to all my views (mostly custom authentication type variables). I was told writing my own context processor was the best way to do this, but i am having some issues. My settings file looks like this TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = ( "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth", "django.core.context_processors.debug", "django.core.context_processors.i18n", "django.core.context_processors.media", "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages", "sandbox.context_processors.say_hello", ) As you can see i have a module called 'context_processors' and a function within that called 'say_hello'. This looks like def say_hello(request): return { 'say_hello':"Hello", } Am i right to assume i can now do this within my views {{ say_hello }} because it doesn't return anything.

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  • Loading Files in AppEngine

    - by Chris M
    I've got a tiny bit of code to display a file in app.yaml - url: /(.*\.(gif|png|jpg)) static_files: static/\1 upload: static/(.*\.(gif|png|jpg)) in main.py ... class ShowImage(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): rootpath = os.path.dirname(__file__) file = rootpath + "/static/tracker.gif"; fh=open(file, 'r') self.response.out.write(fh.read()) fh.close ... I can see the files gone up by going to my *.appspot.com/tracker.gif (as per the app.yaml) But using *.appspot.com/showimage returns Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 510, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "/base/data/home/apps/APPNAME/2.341131266814384624/main.py", line 170, in get fh=open(file, 'r') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/base/data/home/apps/APPNAME/2.341131266814384624/static/tracker.gif'

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  • Django model field value preprocessing before returning

    - by Satoru.Logic
    Hi, all. I have a Note model class like this: class Note(models.Model): author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='notes') content = NoteContentField(max_length=256) NoteContentField is a custom sub-class of CharField that override the to_python method in purpose of doing some twitter-text-conversion processing. class NoteContentField(models.CharField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def to_python(self, value): value = super(NoteContentField, self).to_python(value) from ..utils import linkify return mark_safe(linkify(value)) However, this doesn't work. When I save a Note object like this: note = Note(author=request.use, content=form.cleaned_data['content']) The conversed value is saved into the database, which is not what I wanna see. Would you please tell me what's wrong with this? Thanks in advance.

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