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  • What is a normalized Vector?

    - by draiden
    Can someone explain the following code? I need to learn what each part means so I can turn it into enemy movement in a space shoot-em-up Vec2d playerPos; Vec2d direction; // always normalized float velocity; I get the above is naming two 2d Vector objects, and creating a variable called velocity. I'm not sure what the normalized comment is about, though. update() { direction = normalize(playerPos - enemyPos); playerPos = playerPos + direction * velocity; }

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  • Should I use a config file or database for storing business rules?

    - by foiseworth
    I have recently been reading The Pragmatic Programmer which states that: Details mess up our pristine code—especially if they change frequently. Every time we have to go in and change the code to accommodate some change in business logic, or in the law, or in management's personal tastes of the day, we run the risk of breaking the system—of introducing a new bug. Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999-10-20). The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master (Kindle Locations 2651-2653). Pearson Education (USA). Kindle Edition. I am currently programming a web app that has some models that have properties that can only be from a set of values, e.g. (not actual example as the web app data confidential): light-type = sphere / cube / cylinder The light type can only be the above three values but according to TPP I should always code as if they could change and place their values in a config file. As there are several incidents of this throughout the app, my question is: Should I store possibly values like these in: a config file: 'light-types' = array(sphere, cube, cylinder), 'other-type' = value, 'etc = etc-value a single table in a database with one line for each config item a database with a table for each config item (e.g. table: light_types; columns: id, name) some other way? Many thanks for any assistance / expertise offered.

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  • Tester/Doer pattern: Assume the caller conforms to the pattern or be defensive and repeat the check?

    - by Daniel Hilgarth
    Assume a simple class that implements the Tester/Doer pattern: public class FooCommandHandler : ICommandHandler { public bool CanHandle(object command) { return command is FooCommand; } public void Handle(object command) { var fooCommand = (FooCommand)command; // Do something with fooCommand } } Now, if someone doesn't conform to the pattern and calls Handle without verifying the command via CanHandle, the code in Handle throws an exception. However, depending on the actual implementation of Handle this can be a whole range of different exceptions. The following implementation would check CanHandle again in Handle and throw a descriptive exception: public void Handle(object command) { if(!CanHandle(command)) throw new TesterDoerPatternUsageViolationException("Please call CanHandle first"); // actual implementation of handling the command. } This has the advantage that the exception is very descriptive. It has the disadvantage that CanHandle is called twice for "good" clients. Is there a consensus on which variation should be used?

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  • Writing a dynamic achievement system without hardcoding rules into the application

    - by imaginative
    I really enjoyed the solution provided here for groundwork on writing an achievement framework. The problem I have is I have game designers that would like to be able to insert achievements into a CMS at runtime. In a way, it sounds insane and complex to do this, but is it really? I think the concept of having to do a hard push of the application for every new achievement is cumbersome. I would love to be able to give our designers the capability to put together new achievements by entering them into a database. It shouldn't matter what tool I'm using, but for those interested, my backend is being written in JRuby (Ruby on top of the JVM). What are some possible ways of going about abstracting the logic in the aforementioned link even further so that rules can be interpreted at runtime?

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  • Styling specific columns and rows

    - by hattenn
    I'm trying to style some specific parts of a 5x4 table that I create. It should be like this: Every even numbered row and every odd numbered row should get a different color. Text in the second, third, and fourth columns should be centered. I have this table: <table> <caption>Some caption</caption> <colgroup> <col> <col class="value"> <col class="value"> <col class="value"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th id="year">Year</th> <th>1999</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2001</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="oddLine"> <td>Berlin</td> <td>3,3</td> <td>1,9</td> <td>2,3</td> </tr> <tr class="evenLine"> <td>Hamburg</td> <td>1,5</td> <td>1,3</td> <td>2,0</td> </tr> <tr class="oddLine"> <td>München</td> <td>0,6</td> <td>1,1</td> <td>1,0</td> </tr> <tr class="evenLine"> <td>Frankfurt</td> <td>1,3</td> <td>1,6</td> <td>1,9</td> </tr> </tbody> <tfoot> <tr class="oddLine"> <td>Total</td> <td>6,7</td> <td>5,9</td> <td>7,2</td> </tr> </tfoot> </table> And I have this CSS file: table, th, td { border: 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px 5px; } #year { text-align: left; } .oddLine { background-color: #DDDDDD; } .evenLine { background-color: #BBBBBB; } .value { text-align: center; } And this doesn't work. The text in the columns are not centered. What is the problem here? And is there a way to solve it (other than changing the class of all the cells that I want centered)? P.S.: I think there's some interference with .evenLine and .oddLine classes. Because when I put "background: black" in the class "value", it changes the background color of the columns in the first row. The thing is, if I delete those two classes, text-align still doesn't work, but background attribute works perfectly. Argh...

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  • What patterns book for iOS development contains this specific information? [closed]

    - by Brett Ryan
    I've read several books on iOS development and Objective-C, however what a lot of them teach is how to work with interfaces and all contain the model inside the view controller, i.e. a UITableViewController based view will simply have an NSArray as it's model. I'm interested in what the best practices are for designing the structure of an application. Specifically I'm interested in best practices for the following: How to separate a model from the view controller. I think I know how to do this by simply replacing the NSArray style example with a specific model object, however what I do not know how to do is alert the view when the model changes. For example in .NET I would solve this by conforming to INotifyPropertyChanged and databinding, and similarly with Java I would use PropertyChangeListener. How to create a service model for my domain objects. For example I want to learn the best way to create a service for a hypothetical Widget object to manage an internal DB and also services for communicating with remote endpoints. I need to learn the best ways to do this in a way that interface components can subscribe to events such as widgetUpdated. These services should be singleton classes and some how dependency injected into model/controller objects. Books I've read so far are: Programming in Objective-C (4th Edition) Beginning iOS 5 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK The iOS 5 Developer's Cookbook: Expanded Electronic Edition: Essentials and Advanced Recipes for iOS Programmers Learn Objective-C on the Mac: For OS X and iOS I've also purchased the following updated books but not yet read them. The Core iOS 6 Developer's Cookbook (4th edition Programming in Objective-C (5th Edition) I come from a Java and C# background with 15 years experience, I understand that many of the ways I would do things in these languages may not fit to the ObjC way of developing applications. Would someone be able to provide me with the book on this topic containing this specific subject matter?

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  • Android - Force Close - Null Pointer on Canvas?

    - by user22241
    Please bear with me. I have a very odd problem. Basically, my app so far, has 3 activities (a main splash screen, an 'options/menu' screen and the main app). If I follow the very specific steps oulined below, I get a 'null pointer exception' in the 2nd activity) and the app force closes...... Here are the steps: Start the app (a game based on Surfaceview), tap through to the third activity so the game is running, then hit the home key so the game is paused and put to the background, the activity/app is ended through DDMS in the SDK then restarted on the device (all OK so far), now if I hit the back key on the device twice in quick succession, it happens. All other sequence of events is fine, even to the point of pressing the back key, waiting for the previous activity to show, then hitting back again - all OK. Only when the back key is pressed twice in quick succession following all the above steps does the problem occur. I'm assuming that the canvas isn't ready as it's showing as 'null' when this happens, but I'm not sure why this is happening as surely it's happening when I'm trying to go back to activity 1, but the logcat shows the error in activity 2. if I stop the activity running my 'doDraw' method (which referenced the canvas), then all is OK - so I can safely assume it is the canvas causing the problem. Also, if I skip my first activity (which is a very basic full-screen button which just displays a splashscreen and waits for the user to tap the screen), and make my 2nd activity the launch activity, again, it is OK. this is the part of the code that I think is probably relevant: @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); this.viewWidth = vwidth; this.viewHeight = vheight; if (runthread==false){ if (preThread.getState()==Thread.State.TERMINATED){ preThread = new OptionsThread(thisholder, thiscontext, thishandler); } preThread.setRunning(true); preThread.start();} } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { preThread.setRunning(false); //Stop the loop boolean retry = true; //Stop the thread while (retry) { try { preThread.join(); retry = false; } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } Thank you all for any help you can offer

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  • New Project Starting. Got Gas?

    - by merrillaldrich
    “Storage is just like gasoline,” said a fellow DBA at the office the other day. This DBA, Mike is his name, is one of the smartest people I know, so I pressed him, in my subtle and erudite way, to elaborate. “Um, whut?” I said. “Yeah. Now that everything is shared – VMs or consolidated SQL Servers and shared storage – if you want to do a big project, like, say, drive to Vegas, you better fill the car with gas. Drive back and forth to work every day? Gas. Same for storage.” This was a light-bulb-above-my-head...(read more)

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  • does class reference itself static anti pattern in prism

    - by Michael Riva
    I have an application and my desing approach look like this: class Manager { public int State; static Manager _instance = null; public static Manager Instance { get { return _instance; } set { if (_instance == value) return; _instance = value; } } public Manager() { State = 0; Instance=this; } } class Module1 { public void GetState() { Console.WriteLine(Manager.Instance.State); } } class Module2 { public void GetState() { Console.WriteLine(Manager.Instance.State); } } class Module3 { public void GetState() { Console.WriteLine(Manager.Instance.State); } } Manager class already registered in Bootstrapper like : protected override void ConfigureContainer() { base.ConfigureContainer(); Container.RegisterType<Manager>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); } protected override void InitializeModules() { Manager man= Container.Resolve<Manager>(); } Question is do I need to define my manager object as static in its field to be able to reach its state? Or this is anti pattern or bad for performance?

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  • iOS + cocos2d: how to account for sprite's position for the different device dimensions in an universal app?

    - by fuzzlog
    All the questions I've seen regarding iOS universal apps (with or without cocos2d) deal with the "how to add graphics to a universal app". My question is, how does the code need to be written to ensure that the sprites appear appropriately on the screen (given that an iPhone 5's resolution is not proportional to an iPad's resolution)? Is it just a bunch of "if" statements and duplicate code or do iOS/cocos2d provide common function calls that will place the sprites at an appropriate position?

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  • I have an "amoeba" game mechanic. Any idea on how to implement it?

    - by Jason
    Outside of a tetris clone, a crappy 2D top-down shooter, and some messing around with stuff like Unity and Flixel, I realize that I have yet to complete a single, polished, bells-and-whistles game. I want to change this, and I have an idea for my next project. The idea is that you're an amoeba. Amoebas have these eye-like cores (or something like that, I don't know biology), and you have two of 'em. You control one with WASD and the other with IJKL. There has to be a constant radius of stuff around each of the cores: And the area of the amoeba has to stay constant. So if you move a core in one direction, you increase the amoeba's area, but that increase is compensated by a decrease somewhere else: Aaaaaand I'd like to implement a vagination mechanic. You absorb things by engulfing them, like a boss. Maybe even an extra core, or a needle that pops you and causes all your inner stuff to start gushing out: But here's the problem: I don't know how to make this. However, I would like some ideas on how to implement it. Should I explore physics libraries like Box2D? Or maybe something involving fluid physics? Any help would be much appreciated. P.S. Feel free to steal this idea. I have plenty of ideas. If you do, please tell me how you made it so I can try it myself.

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  • Footer not showing in website depending on which item is loaded [on hold]

    - by samyb8
    I designed a website which is having an issue, but I checked the html tagging very well and cannot fix it. If you go to this item: http://www.tahara.es/store/headbands/11/Ivory-Turquoise-headband You will see the FOOTER display normally. However if you go to this other item: http://www.tahara.es/store/headscarves/15/Grey-and-ivory-with-stoned-flower-Headscarf The footer does not show. Any clue of what I am missing or adding? The footer DIV is like this: <div id="footer">

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  • Creating a new variable versus assigning an existing one

    - by rwallace
    Which is more common, creating a new variable versus assigning an existing variable (field, array element etc - anything that syntactically uses the assignment operator)? The reason I ask is that I'm designing a new language, and wondering which of these two operations should get the shorter syntax. It's not intended to be a pure functional language, or the question wouldn't arise, so I'd ideally like to count usage across large existing code bases in procedural and object-oriented languages like C, C++ and Java, though as far as I can see there isn't an easy way to do this automatically, and going by memory and eyeball, neither is obviously more common than the other.

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  • De-facto standards for customer information record

    - by maasg
    I'm currently evaluating a potential new project that involves creating a DB for typical customer information (userid, pwd, first & last name, email, adress, telfnr ...). At this point, requirements are only roughly defined. The customer DB is expected in the O(millions) of records. In order to calculate some back-of-the-envelope numbers for DB sizing and evaluate potential DB options & architectures, I'm looking for some de-facto standards for these kind of records. In particular, the std size of every field (first name, last name, address,...) or typical avg for a simple customer record would be great info. With so many e-commerce websites out there, there should be some kind of typical config that can be reused and avoid re-inventing the wheel. Any ideas?

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  • What options are there for splitting UI layout from code logic using a markup language?

    - by Daenyth
    What tools similar to GWT's UIBinder exist in other languages? By this I mean a system where you can define your UI layout in a markup language (preferably html+css) and attach the functionality to the layout using the code. I'm most interested in anything for python, but answers in other languages would interest me as well. I'm interested because the benefits of having a non-programmer work directly on the layout without needing to touch the code and adjust a bunch of UI toolkit method calls is very productive. I'm aware of Flex for flash, but is there anything else out there? What search terms might I use to find such frameworks? I've looked around but I haven't found anything concrete.

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  • Is it relevant to warn about truncating real constants to 32 bits?

    - by zneak
    I'm toying around with LLVM and looking at what it would take to make yet another strongly-typed language, and now that I'm around the syntax, I've noticed that it seems to be a pet peeve of strongly typed language to warn people that their constants won't fit inside a float: // both in Java and C# float foo = 3.2; // error: implicitly truncating a double into a float // or something along these lines Why doesn't this work in Java and C#? I know it's easy to add the f after the 3.2, but is it really doing anything useful? Must I really be that aware that I'm using single-precision reals instead of double-precision reals? Maybe I'm just missing something (which, basically, is why I'm asking). Note that float foo = [const] is not the same thing as float foo = [double variable], where requiring the cast seems normal to me.

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  • Lag compensation with networked 2D games

    - by Milo
    I want to make a 2D game that is basically a physics driven sandbox / activity game. There is something I really do not understand though. From research, it seems like updates from the server should only be about every 100ms. I can see how this works for a player since they can just concurrently simulate physics and do lag compensation through interpolation. What I do not understand is how this works for updates from other players. If clients only get notified of player positions every 100ms, I do not see how that works because a lot can happen in 100ms. The player could have changed direction twice or so in that time. I was wondering if anyone would have some insight on this issue. Basically how does this work for shooting and stuff like that? Thanks

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  • How much game dev does $x amount of money get you?

    - by Frank
    How much a game costs to make gets asked often and is always answered with it depends or varies on the quality of the game. Well this is basically the same question but is a bit more precise. I'm wonder what quality of game you can make with varying degrees of funds. Lets say 500k, 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m. Let's assume you don't do any of it yourself and it only covers development only... no advertising or manufacturing.

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  • Extension objects pattern

    - by voroninp
    In this MSDN Magazine article Peter Vogel describes Extension Objects partten. What is not clear is whether extensions can be later implemented by client code residing in a separate assembly. And if so how in this case can extension get acces to private members of the objet being extended? I quite often need to set different access levels for different classes. Sometimes I really need that descendants does not have access to the mebmer but separate class does. (good old friend classes) Now I solve this in C# by exposing callback properties in interface of the external class and setting them with private methods. This also alows to adjust access: read only or read|write depending on the desired interface. class Parent { private int foo; public void AcceptExternal(IFoo external) { external.GetFooCallback = () => this.foo; } } interface IFoo { Func<int> GetFooCallback {get;set;} } Other way is to explicitly implement particular interface. But I suspect more aspproaches exist.

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  • Finding the displacment of a robot [closed]

    - by Jordan Brown
    I'm building a quadruped (4 legs 3 DOF) for my major work in electronics at high school. I need to know the displacement of the robot and I can't use an encoding wheel. I've done my research and I found a system where I use an accelerometer, gyroscope and a magnetometer to determine the displacement but I'm not sure how to code it. I'm using Arduino and will use compatible sensors. I would like to be able to implement something similar to this video which demonstrates the principles evaluated in this paper. I don't need to map the data on a screen, just be able to read its displacement from its last recorded position. EG. (Read Position) --- (Do "stuff") --- (Read Position) --- (Calculate displacement caused by "stuff")

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  • 3D mobile game development [on hold]

    - by SCM
    I am not a developer or programmer and, I am planning an educative project that will involve having students to develop a cross-platform, 3D mobile game, similar to the SimCity concept. I need to write a project requirement and I'd like to pick someone's brain to understand what's involved in developing such a project: -Is it realistic to have one or two students to do it? and along their other modules at uni? - How much time can it take to develop from scratch? - what are the different skills required? Thank you All SCM

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  • State Pattern - should a state know about its context?

    - by Extrakun
    I am referring to the state pattern as described in this link. In the example class diagram, a context has numerous states. However, it does not show how does a state communicates with a context (perhaps an input in a state has impact on a setting in the context). The two examples on the page shows either passing the context to the state via a function, or storing a reference to the context. Are those advisable? Are there other ways for a state to communicate with a context? Update to an edit: For instance, I am doing a remote control which can have several states. Say, the context has a setting for Volume, and I am in one of the states which allow me to tweak the volume. How should the state communicates with the context that the volume is being changed?

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  • What are some ways to separate game logic from animations and the draw loop?

    - by TMV
    I have only previously made flash games, using MovieClips and such to separate out my animations from my game logic. Now I am getting into trying my hand at making a game for Android, but the game programming theory around separating these things still confuses me. I come from a background of developing non game web applications so I am versed in more MVC like patterns and am stuck in that mindset as I approach game programming. I want to do things like abstract my game by having, for example, a game board class that contains the data for a grid of tiles with instances of a tile class that each contain properties. I can give my draw loop access to this and have it draw the game board based on the properties of each tile on the game board, but I don't understand where exactly animation should go. As far as I can tell, animation sort of sits between the abstracted game logic (model) and the draw loop (view). With my MVC mindset, it's frustrating trying to decide where animation is actually supposed to go. It would have quite a bit of data associated with it like a model, but seemingly needs to be very closely coupled with the draw loop in order to have things like frame independent animation. How can I break out of this mindset and start thinking about patterns that make more sense for games?

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  • correct pattern to handle a lot of entities in a game

    - by lezebulon
    In my game I usually have every NPC / items etc being derived from a base class "entity". Then they all basically have a virtual method called "update" that I would class for each entity in my game at every frame. I am assuming that this is a pattern that has a lot of downsides. What are some other ways to manage different "game objects" throughout the game? Are there other well-known patterns for this? My game is a RPG if that changes anything

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  • Using allocators for different systems

    - by chadb
    I am going over the memory architecture for my game and even though I know my memory budgets may not be final, I at the point where I can start using them in a general sense. I know that I will need several allocators (for systems such as audio, rendering, etc) but I am unsure of how they will be accessed. I do not use singletons, so I can't just have something such as AudioManager::GetInstance().get_allocator(). Instead, I need to find a different method of usage but I am not sure of how. How can I store and call my allocators needed for several different systems over engine in an efficient manner?

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