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• How to create contracts in python

  - by recluze

  I am just moving to python from Java and have a question about the way the two do things. My question relates to contracts. An example: an application defines an interface that all plugins must implement and then the main application can call it. In Java: public interface IPlugin { public Image modify(Image img); } public class MainApp { public main_app_logic() { String pluginName = "com.example.myplugin"; IPlugin x = (IPlugin) Class.forName(pluginName); x.modify(someimg); } } The plugin implements the interface and we use reflection in main app to call it. That way, there's a contract between the main app and the plugin that both can refer to. How does one go about doing something similar in Python? And also, which approach is better? p.s. I'm not posting this on SO because I'm much more concerned with the philosophy behind the two approaches.

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• What are requirements for a successful SOA?

  - by Amir Rezaei

  I’m an EA in an organisation with 10000+ employees. Strategically we are heading towards SOA. Currently I’m researching about SOA’s and creating a road map and I have come over many blogs that talk about “SOA is dead”. We can all agree that SOA is not just web-services. The problem is that I have hard to find any information on the reason behind SOA-fail stories in enterprises. What went bad and what went right? My question is: What are common SOA mistakes in enterprises that make SOA fail in long term? Is the any best practice for SOA? What are the most important requirements for a successful SOA in an enterprise? It would be good feedback towards our SOA strategy in this organisation. I have tried to narrow down the question, but it’s hard due to the nature of the question.

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• Useful code paste site tools

  - by acidzombie24

  I know there are site tools to check if your webpage is alive, has compression, etc but lets not get into that. What are useful sites to paste code in and to share links of? The three i know are http://codepad.org/ shows source and runs code online http://www.pastie.org/ share source with syntax highlighting http://jsfiddle.net/ great for JS help or for the occasional test. What else do you know of? One answer per question. I'll let lints and validators slide since you do paste code into them. Mention a weakness if you do know one so others wont be surprised or disappointed.

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• How best do you represent a bi-directional sync in a REST api?

  - by Edward M Smith

  Assuming a system where there's a Web Application with a resource, and a reference to a remote application with another similar resource, how do you represent a bi-directional sync action which synchronizes the 'local' resource with the 'remote' resource? Example: I have an API that represents a todo list. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE /todos/, etc. That API can reference remote TODO services. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE /todo_services/, etc. I can manipulate todos from the remote service through my API as a proxy via GET/POST/PUT/DELETE /todo_services/abc123/, etc. I want the ability to do a bi-directional sync between a local set of todos and the remote set of TODOS. In a rpc sort of way, one could do POST /todo_services/abc123/sync/ But, in the "verbs are bad" idea, is there a better way to represent this action?

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• Is my use case diagram correct?

  - by Dummy Derp

  NOTE: I am self studying UML so I have nobody to verify my diagrams and hence I am posting here, so please bear with me. This is the problem I got from some PDF available on Google that simply had the following problem statement: Problem Statement: A library contains books and journals. The task is to develop a computer system for borrowing books. In order to borrow a book the borrower must be a member of the library. There is a limit on the number of books that can be borrowed by each member of the library. The library may have several copies of a given book. It is possible to reserve a book. Some books are for short term loans only. Other books may be borrowed for 3 weeks. Users can extend the loans. 1. Draw a use case diagram for a library. 2. Give a use case description for two use cases: • Borrow copy of book • Extend loan Diagram: Use case description: 1. Borrow a copy of the book: If the person wishes to borrow a book from Derpville Public Library, he/she must be a member of the library in which case they will be allowed to issue a certain number of books. If the person is not a member, the book will not be issued to them for taking away, rather they will have to sit and read in the library. 2. Extending loan: Some books will be lent for 3 weeks while others will be lent for more than 3 weeks in which case the person borrowing has to come to the library and get the date extended. There is a limit on how much the user can extend the date of a particular book.

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• Distinction between API and frontend-backend

  - by Jason

  I'm trying to write a "standard" business web site. By "standard", I mean this site runs the usual HTML5, CSS and Javascript for the front-end, a back-end (to process stuff), and runs MySQL for the database. It's a basic CRUD site: the front-end just makes pretty whatever the database has in store; the backend writes to the database whatever the user enters and does some processing. Just like most sites out there. In creating my Github repositories to begin coding, I've realized I don't understand the distinction between the front-end back-end, and the API. Another way of phrasing my question is: where does the API come into this picture? I'm going to list some more details and then questions I have - hopefully this gives you guys a better idea of what my actual question is, because I'm so confused that I don't know the specific question to ask. Some more details: I'd like to try the Model-View-Controller pattern. I don't know if this changes the question/answer. The API will be RESTful I'd like my back-end to use my own API instead of allowing the back-end to cheat and call special queries. I think this style is more consistent. My questions: Does the front-end call the back-end which calls the API? Or does the front-end just call the API instead of calling the back-end? Does the back-end just execute an API and the API returns control to the back-end (where the back-end acts as the ultimate controller, delegating tasks)? Long and detailed answers explaining the role of the API alongside the front-end back-end are encouraged. If the answer depends on the model of programming (models other than the Model-View-Controller pattern), please describe these other ways of thinking of the API. Thanks. I'm very confused.

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• How to use database adapters' cursors safely?

  - by lvictorino

  I started to use psycopg2 to connect my little python script to a PostgreSQL database few days ago. After some research I found that a lot of database connector, like psycopg, work using cursors. I know what is a cursor and how to use it. But I still wonder if it's safe to use the same cursor all along the script life. Is it safe? Or would it be preferable to use a different cursor for each query?

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• IValidatableObject vs Single Responsibility

  - by Boris Yankov

  I like the extnesibility point of MVC, allowing view models to implement IValidatableObject, and add custom validation. I try to keep my Controllers lean, having this code be the only validation logic: if (!ModelState.IsValid) return View(loginViewModel); For example a login view model implements IValidatableObject, gets ILoginValidator object via constructor injection: public interface ILoginValidator { bool UserExists(string email); bool IsLoginValid(string userName, string password); } It seems that Ninject, injecting instances in view models isn't really a common practice, may be even an anti-pattern? Is this a good approach? Is there a better one?

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• How advanced are author-recognition methods?

  - by Nick Rtz

  From a written text by an author if a computer program analyses the text, how much can a computer program tell today about the author of some (long enough to be statistically significant) texts? Can the computer program even tell with "certainty" whether a man or a woman wrote this text based solely on the contents of the text and not an investigation such as ip numbers etc? I'm interested to know if there are algorithms in use for instance to automatically know whether an author was male or female or similar characteristics of an author that a computer program can decide based on analyses of the written text by an author. It could be useful to know before you read a message what a computer analyses says about the author, do you agree? If I for instance get a longer message from my wife that she has had an accident in Nigeria and the computer program says that with 99 % probability the message was written by a male author in his sixties of non-caucasian origin or likewise, or by somebody who is not my wife, then the computer program could help me investigate why a certain message differs in characteristics. There can also be other uses for instance just detecting outliers in a geographically or demographically bounded larger data set. Scam detection is the obvious use I'm thinking of but there could also be other uses. Are there already such programs that analyse a written text to tell something about the author based on word choice, use of pronouns, unusual language usage, or likewise?

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• High-Level Application Architecture Question

  - by Jesse Bunch

  So I'm really wanting to improve how I architect the software I code. I want to focus on maintainability and clean code. As you might guess, I've been reading a lot of resources on this topic and all it's doing is making it harder for me to settle on an architecture because I can never tell if my design is the one that the more experienced programmer would've chosen. So I have these requirements: I should connect to one vendor and download form submissions from their API. We'll call them the CompanyA. I should then map those submissions to a schema fit for submitting to another vendor for integration with the email service provider. We'll call them the CompanyB. I should then submit those responses to the ESP (CompanyB) and then instruct the ESP to send that submitter an email. So basically, I'm copying data from one web service to another and then performing an action at the latter web service. I've identified a couple high-level services: The service that downloads data from CompanyA. I called this the CompanyAIntegrator. The service that submits the data to CompanyB. I called this CompanyBIntegrator. So my questions are these: Is this a good design? I've tried to separate the concerns and am planning to use the facade pattern to make the integrators interchangeable if the vendors change in the future. Are my naming conventions accurate and meaningful to you (who knows nothing specific of the project)? Now that I have these services, where should I do the work of taking output from the CompanyAIntegrator and getting it in the format for input to the CompanyBIntegrator? Is this OK to be done in main()? Do you have any general pointers on how you'd code something like this? I imagine this scenario is common to us engineers---especially those working in agencies. Thanks for any help you can give. Learning how to architect well is really mind-cluttering.

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• How do I make code bound to an ORM testable?

  - by RPK

  In Test Driven Development, how do I make code bound to an ORM testable? I am using a Micro-ORM (PetaPoco) and I have several methods that interact with the database like: AddCustomer UpdateRecord etc. I want to know how to write a test for these methods. I searched YouTube for videos on writing a test for DAL, but I didn't find any. I want to know which method or class is testable and how to write a test before writing the code itself.

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• Entity Framework with large systems - how to divide models?

  - by jkohlhepp

  I'm working with a SQL Server database with 1000+ tables, another few hundred views, and several thousand stored procedures. We are looking to start using Entity Framework for our newer projects, and we are working on our strategy for doing so. The thing I'm hung up on is how best to split the tables into different models (EDMX or DbContext if we go code first). I can think of a few strategies right off the bat: Split by schema We have our tables split across probably a dozen schemas. We could do one model per schema. This isn't perfect, though, because dbo still ends up being very large, with 500+ tables / views. Another problem is that certain units of work will end up having to do transactions that span multiple models, which adds to complexity, although I assume EF makes this fairly straightforward. Split by intent Instead of worrying about schemas, split the models by intent. So we'll have different models for each application, or project, or module, or screen, depending on how granular we want to get. The problem I see with this is that there are certain tables that inevitably have to be used in every case, such as User or AuditHistory. Do we add those to every model (violates DRY I think), or are those in a separate model that is used by every project? Don't split at all - one giant model This is obviously simple from a development perspective but from my research and my intuition this seems like it could perform terribly, both at design time, compile time, and possibly run time. What is the best practice for using EF against such a large database? Specifically what strategies do people use in designing models against this volume of DB objects? Are there options that I'm not thinking of that work better than what I have above? Also, is this a problem in other ORMs such as NHibernate? If so have they come up with any better solutions than EF?

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• Test driven vs Business requirements constant changing

  - by James Lin

  One of the new requirement of our dev team set by the CTO/CIO is to become test driven development, however I don't think the rest of the business is going to help because they have no sense of development life cycles, and requirements get changed all the time within a single sprint. Which gets me frustrated about wasting time writing 10 test cases and will become useless tomorrow. We have suggested setting up processes to dodge those requirement changes and educate the business about development life cycles. What if the business fails to get the idea? What would you do?

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• What resources will help me understand the data model for QC 10.0 in order to write my SQL queries?

  - by srihari

  I am a fresher in Quality Center 10.0 HP software testing tool. As per my understanding in order to generate reports from QC and to troubleshoot the scenarios, we need to write SQL queries in the QC back end database. In my case it is SQL db. I downloaded the database reference help file but I could not understand from where I can start. It just gave the table name and its information. For a starter like me are there any online tutorials or helpful websites,hands on exercises,scenario's where I can better understand how to write queries for the QC data model? I am very confident about the SQL coding itself, what I want to know is how to query on the QC database tables based on the scenarios that occur in QC tool. Please suggest. Thanks, Srihari

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• WCF Versioning, Naming and Endpoint URL

  - by Vinothkumar VJ

  I have a WCF Service and a Main Lib1. Say, I have a Save Profile Service. WCF gets data (with predefined data contract) from client and pass the same to the Main Class Lib1, generate response and send it back to client. WCF Method : SaveProfile(ProfileDTO profile) Current Version 1.0 ProfileDTO have the following UserName Password FirstName DOB (In string yyyy-mm-dd) CreatedDate (In string yyyy-mm-dd) Next Version (V2.0) ProfileDTO have the following UserName Password FirstName DOB (In UnixTimeStamp) CreatedDate (In UnixTimeStamp) Version 3.0 ProfileDTO have the following (With change in UserName and Password length validation) UserName Password FirstName DOB (In UnixTimeStamp) CreatedDate (In UnixTimeStamp) In simple we have DataContract and Workflow change between each version 1. How do I name the methods in WCF Service and Main Class Lib1? 2. Do I have to go with any specific pattern for ease development and maintenance? 3. Do I have to have different endpoints for different version? In the above example I have a method named “SaveProfile”. Do I have to name the methods like “SaveProfile1.0”, “SaveProfile2.0”, etc. If that is the case when there is no change between Version “3.0” and “4.0” then there will difficult in maintenance. I’m looking for a approach that will help in ease maintenance

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• Is there a pattern or best practice for passing a reference type to multiple classes vs a static class?

  - by Dave

  My .NET application creates HTML files, and as such, the structure looks like variable myData BuildHomePage() variable graph = new BuildGraphPage(myData) variable table = BuildTablePage(myData) BuildGraphPage and BuildTablePage both require access data, the myData object. In the above example, I've passed the myData object to 2 constructors. This is what I'm doing now, in my current project. The myData object, and it's properties are all readonly. The problem is, the number of pages which will require this object has grown. In the real project, there are currently 4, but the new spec is to have about 20. Passing this object to the constructor of each new object and assigning it to a field is a little time consuming, but not a hardship! This poses the question whether it's better practice to continue as I have, or to refactor and create a new static class for myData which can be referenced from any where in my project. I guess my abilities to use Google are poor, because I did try and find an appropriate pattern as I am sure this type of design must be common place but my results returned nothing. Is there a pattern which is suited, or do best practices lean towards one implementation over another.

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• To write or not to write: Frameworks [closed]

  - by caarlos0

  Today some friends and I started discussing frameworks.. Some of us strongly believe that in 99.9% of cases, writing a new framework is a bad idea. We believe that probably some of the millions of frameworks out there should fit our problem, and if not, some hack, API, or configuration should be enough. If not, we think that contributing to some framework, suggest features or something like that should be the best solution. The 0.1% is when none of the frameworks fit to our case. But, some of us say that it is better to have an "internal corporate framework" (for example), because it's faster to fix issues, creates a 100% fit with the app, because of the "learning" factor (when you improve your skills building a framework), etc. I think that to go out coding frameworks like there's no tomorrow is not the right way. I've seen a lot of small teams building their own framework just to spread the word: "we built our own framework, we rule, bro". Generally, the framework is crap, without any documentation, and only works for their own applications. Opinions are opinions, devs are devs, without the intention to start any kind of flame war, I ask: What do you think about that? What parameters you consider when building a framework? What do you think about all this?

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• Do I need to contact a lawyer to report a GPL violation in software distributed on Apple's App Store?

  - by Rinzwind

  Some company is selling software through Apple's App Store which uses portions of code that I released publicly under the GPL. The company is violating the licensing terms in two ways, by (1) not preserving my copyright statement, and not releasing their code under the GPL license and (2) by distributing my GPL-licensed code through Apple's App Store. (The Free Software Foundation has made clear that the terms of the GPL and those of the App Store are incompatible.) I want to report this to Apple, and ask that they take appropriate action. I have tried mailing them to ask for more information about the reporting process, and have received the automated reply quoted below. The last point in the list of things one needs to provide, the “a statement by you, made under penalty of perjury,” sounds as if they mean some kind of specific legal document. I'm not sure. Does this mean I need to contact a lawyer just to file the report? I'd like to avoid going through that hassle if at all possible. (Besides an answer to this specific question, I'd welcome comments and experience reports from anyone who has already had to deal with a GPL violation on Apple's App Store.) Thank you for contacting Apple's Copyright Agent. If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes infringement on Apple’s Web site, please provide the following information: an electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; a description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed; a description of where the material that you claim is infringing is located on the site; your address, telephone number, and email address; a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; a statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. For further information, please review Apple's Legal Information & Notices/Claims of Copyright Infringement at: http://www.apple.com/legal/trademark/claimsofcopyright.html To expedite the processing of your claim regarding any alleged intellectual property issues related to iTunes (music/music videos, podcasts, TV, Movies), please send a copy of your notice to [email protected] For claims concerning a software application, please send a copy of your notice to [email protected]. Due to the high volume of e-mails we receive, this may be the only reply you receive from [email protected]. Please be assured, however, that Apple's Copyright Agent and/or the iTunes Legal Team will promptly investigate and take appropriate action concerning your report.

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• Types of quotes for an HTML templating language

  - by Ralph

  I'm developing a templating language, and now I'm trying to decide on what I should do with quotes. I'm thinking about having 3 different types of quotes which are all handled differently: backtick ` double quote " single quote ' expand variables ? yes no escape sequences no yes ? escape html no yes yes Backticks Backticks are meant to be used for outputting JavaScript or unescaped HTML. It's often handy to be able to pass variables into JS, but it could also cause issues with things being treated as variables that shouldn't. My variables are PHP-style ($var) so I'm thinking that might mess with jQuery pretty bad... but if I disable variable expansion w/ backticks then, I'm not sure how would insert a variable into a JS code block? Single Quotes Not sure if escape sequences like \n should be treated as literals or converted. I find it pretty rare that I want to disable escape sequences, but if you do, you could use backticks. So I'm leaning towards "yes" for this one, but that would be contrary to how PHP does it. Double Quotes Pretty certain I want everything enabled for this one. Modifiers I'm also thinking about adding modifiers like @ or r in front of the string that would change some of these options to enable a few more combinations. I would need 9 different quotes or 3 quotes and 2 modifiers to get every combination wouldn't I? My language also supports "filters" which can be applied against any "term" (number, variable, string) so you could always write something like "blah blah $var blah"|expandvars Or "my string"|escapehtml Thoughts? What would you prefer? What would be least confusing/most intuitive?

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• Calculate time in all countries for fixed time in one of them [migrated]

  - by Muiz

  I have table with all countries GMT/UTC timezones, I need to see what time is in the rest of the countries when in USA is 11am-3pm Not on particular date just know the difference in time. I did my calculation like that I -5 GMT in USA and time is 11am then in Russia for example is +4 GMT. 5+4+11=20pm in Russia when USA is 11am, this works with countries that have + GMT zone but ones that have minus it shows wrong time. I am working in Excel please help me with advice on how to do it.

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• Design patterns to avoiding breaking the SRP while performing heavy data logging

  - by Kazark

  A class that performs both computations and data logging seems to have at least two responsibilities. Given a system for which the specifications require heavy data logging, what kind of design patterns or architectural patterns can be used to avoid bloating all the classes with logging calls every time they compute something? The decorator pattern be used (e.g. Interpolator decorated to LoggingInterpolator), but it seems that would result in a situation hardly more desirable in which almost every major class would need to be decorated with logging.

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• Doing "it all from scratch" is different than OS-specifics

  - by Bigyellow Bastion

  Many people tell me that in order to write my own operating system I need to understand the inner-workings of the one I'll be writing it on. That's nonsense. I mean I understand it for education purposes, such as studying the workings of a current OS to gain better knowledge of writing one myself. But the OS I'm writing it on is nothing but my scratchpad offering me software to write the code in, and software to assemble/compile my code into executable instructions. I've been told that I need to decide which OS I'm writing it on before I write it, but all I need is an assembler to produce flat binary, or a compiler to produce object code and a linker to link it into a flat binary .bin file. Why do people say it matters which OS you make an OS on, when it doesn't?

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• When to mark a user story as done in scrum?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  There is a notion in scrum that emphasizes delivery of workable units at the end of each sprint. Each workable unit also maps directly of indirectly to a user story and when in new sprint PO introduces new PBI (new user stories), this means that practically team can't always go back to previous user stories to do the rest of the job, which in turn means that when you implement a user story, you should do it as complete as it's known to the team in that time, and you shouldn't forget anything (something like "I'm sorry, I've forgotten to implement validation for that input control" or "I didn't know that cross-browser check is part of the user story"). At the other hand, test, backward compatibility, acceptance criteria, deployment and more and more concepts come after each user story. So, when can team members know that the user story is done completely, not just for demo, and start a new one?

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• What is the correct term for - server/client database sync via API?

  - by Daniel

  Forgive the vague question title. I've been programming mobile apps for 3 years now, and I've got a little too far from the web services and server side code then I probably should have. Anyway, I'm doing a personal project now and I want to create an web API for it. One of my requirements is to check for updates from my app, so I would send a timestamp to the API. I've used many APIs that my clients prepared for me and only now am I appreciating their work ! What is the term or technique used to create an API backed by a database which tracks changes via dates/timestamps, basically an effective way for me to query changes occurring since a timestamp. Simply put, I want that my app can call my API in order to sync new data and changed data from the server, to the app. The app would only have a timestamp of the last time it synced with the server. Would I have a log table for each data table in my database which adds a record for each change? Then I could query all changes with a timestamp superior to the one passed to the API. Can anyone point me in the right direction on this?

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• Codifying a natural language requirements spec

  - by ProfK

  I have a fairly technical functionality requirements spec, expressed in English prose, produced by my project manager. It is structured as a collection of UI tabs, where the requirements for each tab are expressed as a lit of UI fields and a list of business rules for the tab. Most business rules are for UI fields on a tab, e.g: a) Must be alphanumeric, max length 20. b) Must be a dropdown, with values from table x. c) Is mandatory. d) Is mandatory under certain conditions, e.g. another field is just populated, or has a specific value. Then other business rules get a little more complex. The spec is for a job application, so the central business object (table) is the Applicant, and we have several other tables with one-to-many relationships with applicant, such as Degree, HighSchool, PreviousEmployer, Diploma, etc. e) One such complex rule says a status field can only be assigned a certain value if a many-side record exists in at least one of the many-side tables. E.g. the Applicant has at least one HighSchool or at least one Diploma record. I am looking for advice on how to codify these requirements into a more structured specification defined in terms of tables, fields, and relationships, especially for the conditional rules for fields and for the presence of related records. Any suggestions and advice will be most welcome, but I would be overjoyed if i could find an already defined system or structure for expressing things like this.

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