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• split virtualization design based on environment or server role?

  - by Dan

  I'm setting up the server environment for a new software development group, which will include 4 test environments. These are web applications, so each environment will have an application server and a database server. I'm planning on buying two physical servers (e.g. 6-core CPU each with 12GB or so of RAM), and I'm thinking virtualization is appropriate here. With that in mind, I've thought of a couple ways that I could organize the virtualization strategy: - Separated by server role: Server 1 has all the application servers, each in their own guest VM. Server 2 has all the databases. OR - Separated by environment: Server 1 has a VM for two of the environments, with the VM containing both the app server and the database server. Server 2 would also contain two test environments, with the same style (app server and database in same VM). The advantages I see with all the app servers on one server and all the databases on another server is that I could probably be more efficient with the database server (one instance running multiple databases). But the other option seems easier to manage (archives/restorations would be contained in a single VM). Any recommendations? TIA.

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• File server share access intermittent/slow/machine unstable: win2k8r2

  - by Jack B.

  I have a file server running Win2k8R2 on an older HP DL380G4. It has nothing set up on it other than file sharing. All drivers/firmware/updates installed. The file server is used as a dump for a bunch of test machines - so essentially a lot of small files are being written to it. It was working fine until it started showing the following symptoms: Shares became either very slow/intermittent or could not access them at all. Logging in the the server, you could use it like normal but windows would start freezing and eventually you had to hard reboot it because nothing was responsive. After rebooting, it would work fine for 20min-2hours and then degrade into this broken state again. Some info after investigation: HP Raid Config utility shows the Raid array as functioning properly (RAID5 btw). Event log shows a bunch of DoS attacks from the test machines, saying it has disconnected the connection a. AFAIK (not part of my job) the test machines haven't changed the way they log information to this server or the amount of them hasn't increased. b. Nothing is infected, this server was scanned fully, and the test machines are re-imaged almost daily. Nothing in performance monitor shows as anything being pegged at maximum (CPU/HD/Network/RAM) I installed MS Network Monitor and it is showing a lot of traffic The server was using one gigabit Ethernet connection, I connected the second one as well with the same results. Forgot to add - one of the commonly written to dirs on the share has over 16k subdirs in it, with a crapton of small files within those dirs. Some of the OS instability was slow access to the drive which has this directory - perfmon doesn't show much activity on the HD though so I'm not sure if this crowded dir is the cause. Here is one important fact: I ran into this issue 2-3 months ago, couldn't figure it out, but I had a spare identical machine so I swapped them out (thought it was related to the machine), and now I have the same issue. Also, the computer will be stable if I turn off file sharing. So is the server just getting DoS'd by the test machines? I've never dealt with such an issue. Is instability in the server's OS common when getting DoS'd? Is there anything I can do to confirm this before telling the owners of the test machines to optimize their traffic? (I'm not sure what they'll be able to do). Is there something within Win2k8R2 that can balance the traffic across the two NICs? Any help would be appreciated. Update: Another thought - the drive with the share is RAID5 across 6 SCSI320 300GB HDs. They are near full capacity about 100GB from 1TB left. Could the amount of tiny files could be causing some weirdness with the parity in this array? I think I've read something about this in the past but I'm no expert on RAID.

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• File server share access intermittent/slow/machine unstable: win2k8r2

  - by Jack B.

  I have a file server running Win2k8R2 on an older HP DL380G4. It has nothing set up on it other than file sharing. All drivers/firmware/updates installed. The file server is used as a dump for a bunch of test machines - so essentially a lot of small files are being written to it. It was working fine until it started showing the following symptoms: Shares became either very slow/intermittent or could not access them at all. Logging in the the server, you could use it like normal but windows would start freezing and eventually you had to hard reboot it because nothing was responsive. After rebooting, it would work fine for 20min-2hours and then degrade into this broken state again. Some info after investigation: HP Raid Config utility shows the Raid array as functioning properly (RAID5 btw). Event log shows a bunch of DoS attacks from the test machines, saying it has disconnected the connection a. AFAIK (not part of my job) the test machines haven't changed the way they log information to this server or the amount of them hasn't increased. b. Nothing is infected, this server was scanned fully, and the test machines are re-imaged almost daily. Nothing in performance monitor shows as anything being pegged at maximum (CPU/HD/Network/RAM) I installed MS Network Monitor and it is showing a lot of traffic The server was using one gigabit Ethernet connection, I connected the second one as well with the same results. Forgot to add - one of the commonly written to dirs on the share has over 16k subdirs in it, with a crapton of small files within those dirs. Some of the OS instability was slow access to the drive which has this directory - perfmon doesn't show much activity on the HD though so I'm not sure if this crowded dir is the cause. Here is one important fact: I ran into this issue 2-3 months ago, couldn't figure it out, but I had a spare identical machine so I swapped them out (thought it was related to the machine), and now I have the same issue. Also, the computer will be stable if I turn off file sharing. So is the server just getting DoS'd by the test machines? I've never dealt with such an issue. Is instability in the server's OS common when getting DoS'd? Is there anything I can do to confirm this before telling the owners of the test machines to optimize their traffic? (I'm not sure what they'll be able to do). Is there something within Win2k8R2 that can balance the traffic across the two NICs? Any help would be appreciated. Update: Another thought - the drive with the share is RAID5 across 6 SCSI320 300GB HDs. They are near full capacity about 100GB from 1TB left. Could the amount of tiny files could be causing some weirdness with the parity in this array? I think I've read something about this in the past but I'm no expert on RAID.

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• File server share access intermittent/slow/machine unstable: win2kr2

  - by Jack B.

  I have a file server running Win2k8R2 on an older HP DL380G4. It has nothing set up on it other than file sharing. All drivers/firmware/updates installed. The file server is used as a dump for a bunch of test machines - so essentially a lot of small files are being written to it. It was working fine until it started showing the following symptoms: Shares became either very slow/intermittent or could not access them at all. Logging in the the server, you could use it like normal but windows would start freezing and eventually you had to hard reboot it because nothing was responsive. After rebooting, it would work fine for 20min-2hours and then degrade into this broken state again. Some info after investigation: HP Raid Config utility shows the Raid array as functioning properly (RAID5 btw). Event log shows a bunch of DoS attacks from the test machines, saying it has disconnected the connection a. AFAIK (not part of my job) the test machines haven't changed the way they log information to this server or the amount of them hasn't increased. b. Nothing is infected, this server was scanned fully, and the test machines are re-imaged almost daily. Nothing in performance monitor shows as anything being pegged at maximum (CPU/HD/Network/RAM) I installed MS Network Monitor and it is showing a lot of traffic The server was using one gigabit Ethernet connection, I connected the second one as well with the same results. Forgot to add - one of the commonly written to dirs on the share has over 16k subdirs in it, with a crapton of small files within those dirs. Some of the OS instability was slow access to the drive which has this directory - perfmon doesn't show much activity on the HD though so I'm not sure if this crowded dir is the cause. Here is one important fact: I ran into this issue 2-3 months ago, couldn't figure it out, but I had a spare identical machine so I swapped them out (thought it was related to the machine), and now I have the same issue. Also, the computer will be stable if I turn off file sharing. So is the server just getting DoS'd by the test machines? I've never dealt with such an issue. Is instability in the server's OS common when getting DoS'd? Is there anything I can do to confirm this before telling the owners of the test machines to optimize their traffic? (I'm not sure what they'll be able to do). Is there something within Win2k8R2 that can balance the traffic across the two NICs? Any help would be appreciated. Update: Another thought - the drive with the share is RAID5 across 6 SCSI320 300GB HDs. They are near full capacity about 100GB from 1TB left. Could the amount of tiny files could be causing some weirdness with the parity in this array? I think I've read something about this in the past but I'm no expert on RAID.

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• SQL SERVER – Create Primary Key with Specific Name when Creating Table

  - by pinaldave

  It is interesting how sometimes the documentation of simple concepts is not available online. I had received email from one of the reader where he has asked how to create Primary key with a specific name when creating the table itself. He said, he knows the method where he can create the table and then apply the primary key with specific name. The attached code was as follows: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestTable]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FirstName] [varchar](100) NULL) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TestTable] ADD  CONSTRAINT [PK_TestTable] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC) GO He wanted to know if we can create Primary Key as part of the table name as well, and also give it a name at the same time. Though it would look very normal to all experienced developers, it can be still confusing to many. Here is the quick code that functions as the above code in one single statement. CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestTable]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FirstName] [varchar](100) NULL CONSTRAINT [PK_TestTable] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC) ) GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Constraint and Keys, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Enable Identity Insert – Import Expert Wizard

  - by pinaldave

  I recently got email from old friend who told me that when he tries to execute SSIS package it fails with some identity error. After some debugging and opening his package we figure out that he has following issue. Let us see what kind of set up he had on his package. Source Table with Identity column Destination Table with Identity column Following checkbox was disabled in Import Expert Wizard (as per the image below) What did we do is we enabled the checkbox described as above and we fixed the problem he was having due to insertion in identity column. The reason he was facing this error because his destination table had IDENTITY property which will not allow any  insert from user. This value is automatically generated by system when new values are inserted in the table. However, when user manually tries to insert value in the table, it stops them and throws an error. As we enabled the checkbox “Enable Identity Insert”, this feature allowed the values to be insert in the identity field and this way from source database exact identity values were moved to destination table. Let me know if this blog post was easy to understand. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com), Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Utility, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Difference Between GRANT and WITH GRANT

  - by pinaldave

  This was very interesting question recently asked me to during my session at TechMela Nepal. The question is what is the difference between GRANT and WITH GRANT when giving permissions to user. Let us first see syntax for the same. GRANT: USE master; GRANT VIEW ANY DATABASE TO username; GO WITH GRANT: USE master; GRANT VIEW ANY DATABASE TO username WITH GRANT OPTION; GO The difference between both of this option is very simple. In case of only GRANT – username can not grant the same permission to other users. In case, of the option of WITH GRANT – username will be able to give the permission it has received to other users. This is very basic definition of the subject. I would like to request my readers to come up with working script to prove this scenario. If can submit your script to me by email (pinal ‘at’ sqlauthority.com) or in comment field. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Permissions

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• SQL SERVER – Difference Between ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE and WITH NO_WAIT during ALTER DATABASE

  - by pinaldave

  Today, we are going to discuss about something very simple, but quite commonly confused two options of ALTER DATABASE. The first one is ALTER DATABASE …ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE and the second one is WITH NO_WAIT. Many people think they are the same or are not sure of the difference between these two options. Before we continue our explaination, let us go through the explanation given by Book On Line. ROLLBACK AFTER integer [SECONDS] | ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE Specifies whether to roll back after a specified number of seconds or immediately. NO_WAIT Specifies that if the requested database state or option change cannot complete immediately without waiting for transactions to commit or roll back on their own, then the request will fail. If you have understood the difference by now, there is no need to proceed further. If you are still confused, continue with the rest of the post. There is one big difference between ROLLBACK and NO_WAIT. In case incomplete Transaction ALTER DATABASE … ROLLBACK rollbacks those incomplete transaction immediately, where as ALTER DATABASE … NO_WAIT will terminate and rollback the transaction of ALTER DATABASE … NO_WAIT itself. I think it can be clearly explained with the help of the following images. Option 1: ALTER DATABASE … ROLLBACK Connection 1 – Simulating some operation using WAITFOR DELAY WAITFOR DELAY '1:00:00' Connection 2 ALTER DATABASE TestDb SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE; Option 2: ALTER DATABASE … NO_WAIT Connection 1 – Simulating some operation using WAITFOR DELAY WAITFOR DELAY '1:00:00' Connection 2 ALTER DATABASE TestDb SET SINGLE_USER WITH NO_WAIT; Let me know if this example was simple enough. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Documentation, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – 2008 – Missing Index Script – Download

  - by pinaldave

  Download Missing Index Script with Unused Index Script Performance Tuning is quite interesting and Index plays a vital role in it. A proper index can improve the performance and a bad index can hamper the performance. Here is the script from my script bank which I use to identify missing indexes on any database. Please note, if you should not create all the missing indexes this script suggest. This is just for guidance. You should not create more than 5-10 indexes per table. Additionally, this script sometime does not give accurate information so use your common sense. Any way, the scripts is good starting point. You should pay attention to Avg_Estimated_Impact when you are going to create index. The index creation script is also provided in the last column. Download Missing Index Script with Unused Index Script -- Missing Index Script -- Original Author: Pinal Dave (C) 2011 SELECT TOP 25 dm_mid.database_id AS DatabaseID, dm_migs.avg_user_impact*(dm_migs.user_seeks+dm_migs.user_scans) Avg_Estimated_Impact, dm_migs.last_user_seek AS Last_User_Seek, OBJECT_NAME(dm_mid.OBJECT_ID,dm_mid.database_id) AS [TableName], 'CREATE INDEX [IX_' + OBJECT_NAME(dm_mid.OBJECT_ID,dm_mid.database_id) + '_' + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(ISNULL(dm_mid.equality_columns,''),', ','_'),'[',''),']','') + CASE WHEN dm_mid.equality_columns IS NOT NULL AND dm_mid.inequality_columns IS NOT NULL THEN '_' ELSE '' END + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(ISNULL(dm_mid.inequality_columns,''),', ','_'),'[',''),']','') + ']' + ' ON ' + dm_mid.statement + ' (' + ISNULL (dm_mid.equality_columns,'') + CASE WHEN dm_mid.equality_columns IS NOT NULL AND dm_mid.inequality_columns IS NOT NULL THEN ',' ELSE '' END + ISNULL (dm_mid.inequality_columns, '') + ')' + ISNULL (' INCLUDE (' + dm_mid.included_columns + ')', '') AS Create_Statement FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups dm_mig INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats dm_migs ON dm_migs.group_handle = dm_mig.index_group_handle INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details dm_mid ON dm_mig.index_handle = dm_mid.index_handle WHERE dm_mid.database_ID = DB_ID() ORDER BY Avg_Estimated_Impact DESC GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Download, SQL Index, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – T-SQL Constructs – *= and += – SQL in Sixty Seconds #009 – Video

  - by pinaldave

  There were plenty of request for Vinod Kumar to come back with SQL in Sixty Seconds with T-SQL constructs after his very first well received construct video T-SQL Constructs – Declaration and Initialization – SQL in Sixty Seconds #003 – Video. Vinod finally comes up with this new episode where he demonstrates how dot net developer can write familiar syntax using T-SQL constructs. T-SQL has many enhancements which are less explored. In this quick video we learn how T-SQL Constructions works. We will explore Declaration and Initialization of T-SQL Constructions. We can indeed improve our efficiency using this kind of simple tricks. I strongly suggest that all of us should keep this kind of tricks in our toolbox. More on Errors: Declare and Assign Variable in Single Statement Declare Multiple Variables in One Statement I encourage you to submit your ideas for SQL in Sixty Seconds. We will try to accommodate as many as we can. If we like your idea we promise to share with you educational material. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Video

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• SQL SERVER – Take the Quiz for a chance to win a Quadcopter Drone – Brain Teasers

  - by Pinal Dave

  It has been a long time since we ran quiz. So let us get ready for a quiz. The quiz has two parts. You have to get both the parts correct to win Quadcopter with Camera (we will call it drone). We will be giving away a total of 2 Quadcopters. The quiz is extremely easy and I will ship the Drone anywhere in the world where Amazon will ship it. Let us jump directly to the quiz. Please complete all the three questions of the contest.  Contest Part 1: Brain Teasers There are two questions for you in this part of the contest. Question: There are two 7s. How will you write select statement with a single operator that returns single 7? Hint: SELECT 7(Answer)7 Question: Write down the shortest code that produces 1 without using any numbers in the select statement? Hint: SELECT (Answer) Contest Part 2: Download and Activate Rapid SQL Question: Download and Activate Rapid SQL. Hint: You have to download and activate Rapid SQL. If you do not activate Rapid SQL, you will be disqualified for the contest. Why take risk, let us start! That’s it! Just answer above questions in the following comments area, in following format. Remember: Use comments area right below the blog to take participation in the contest Answer before June 5, 2014 midnight GMT. The winner will be announced on June 8. The winner will be selected randomly from all the valid answers. All the valid answers will be kept hidden till June 5, 2014. There will be a total of two winners. The contest is open for any country of the world where Amazon ships products. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• SQL SERVER – Demo Script – Keeping CPU Busy

  - by pinaldave

  Recently face very interesting situation, during presentations at event, I was asked very famous questions: “My CPU is very high all the time, how can I reduce it?” This is very interesting question and there are many answers and a single blog post is not good enough to justify this subject. I presented few situation to the person who asked the question. The member of the audience who asked question came to me afterwords and asked me few detailed questions. To answer him, I quickly wrote query which simulate high CPU. Here is the script which I wrote which increased CPU from 10% to 80%. I was wondering if there is any similar script which can simulate high CPU usage. If you have share with me and I will publish with due credit. Here is my script for the same: USE AdventureWorks GO DECLARE @Flag INT SET @Flag = 1 WHILE(@Flag < 1000) BEGIN ALTER INDEX [PK_SalesOrderDetail_SalesOrderID_SalesOrderDetailID] ON [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] REBUILD SET @Flag = @Flag + 1 END GO   Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – 2008 – Unused Index Script – Download

  - by pinaldave

  Download Missing Index Script with Unused Index Script Performance Tuning is quite interesting and Index plays a vital role in it. A proper index can improve the performance and a bad index can hamper the performance. Here is the script from my script bank which I use to identify unused indexes on any database. Please note, if you should not drop all the unused indexes this script suggest. This is just for guidance. You should not create more than 5-10 indexes per table. Additionally, this script sometime does not give accurate information so use your common sense. Any way, the scripts is good starting point. You should pay attention to User Scan, User Lookup and User Update when you are going to drop index. The generic understanding is if this values are all high and User Seek is low, the index needs tuning. The index drop script is also provided in the last column. Download Missing Index Script with Unused Index Script -- Unused Index Script -- Original Author: Pinal Dave (C) 2011 SELECT TOP 25 o.name AS ObjectName , i.name AS IndexName , i.index_id AS IndexID , dm_ius.user_seeks AS UserSeek , dm_ius.user_scans AS UserScans , dm_ius.user_lookups AS UserLookups , dm_ius.user_updates AS UserUpdates , p.TableRows , 'DROP INDEX ' + QUOTENAME(i.name) + ' ON ' + QUOTENAME(s.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(dm_ius.OBJECT_ID)) AS 'drop statement' FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats dm_ius INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON i.index_id = dm_ius.index_id AND dm_ius.OBJECT_ID = i.OBJECT_ID INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON dm_ius.OBJECT_ID = o.OBJECT_ID INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON o.schema_id = s.schema_id INNER JOIN (SELECT SUM(p.rows) TableRows, p.index_id, p.OBJECT_ID FROM sys.partitions p GROUP BY p.index_id, p.OBJECT_ID) p ON p.index_id = dm_ius.index_id AND dm_ius.OBJECT_ID = p.OBJECT_ID WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(dm_ius.OBJECT_ID,'IsUserTable') = 1 AND dm_ius.database_id = DB_ID() AND i.type_desc = 'nonclustered' AND i.is_primary_key = 0 AND i.is_unique_constraint = 0 ORDER BY (dm_ius.user_seeks + dm_ius.user_scans + dm_ius.user_lookups) ASC GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Download, SQL Index, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Find Details for Statistics of Whole Database – DMV – T-SQL Script

  - by pinaldave

  I was recently asked is there a single script which can provide all the necessary details about statistics for any database. This question made me write following script. I was initially planning to use sp_helpstats command but I remembered that this is marked to be deprecated in future. Again, using DMV is the right thing to do moving forward. I quickly wrote following script which gives a lot more information than sp_helpstats. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT DISTINCT OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) AS TableName, c.name AS ColumnName, s.name AS StatName, s.auto_created, s.user_created, s.no_recompute, s.[object_id], s.stats_id, sc.stats_column_id, sc.column_id, STATS_DATE(s.[object_id], s.stats_id) AS LastUpdated FROM sys.stats s JOIN sys.stats_columns sc ON sc.[object_id] = s.[object_id] AND sc.stats_id = s.stats_id JOIN sys.columns c ON c.[object_id] = sc.[object_id] AND c.column_id = sc.column_id JOIN sys.partitions par ON par.[object_id] = s.[object_id] JOIN sys.objects obj ON par.[object_id] = obj.[object_id] WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(s.OBJECT_ID,'IsUserTable') = 1 AND (s.auto_created = 1 OR s.user_created = 1); If you have better script to retrieve information about statistics, please share here and I will publish it with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DMV, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Statistics, Statistics

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• SQL SERVER – Removing Leading Zeros From Column in Table – Part 2

  - by pinaldave

  Earlier I wrote a blog post about Remvoing Leading Zeros from Column In Table. It was a great co-incident that my friend Madhivanan (no need of introduction for him) also post a similar article over on BeyondRelational.com. I strongly suggest to read his blog as well as he has suggested some cool solutions to the same problem. On original blog post asked two questions 1) if my sample for testing is correct and 2) If there is any better method to achieve the same. The response was amazing. I am proud on our SQL Community that we all keep on improving on each other’s contribution. There are some really good suggestions as a comment. Let us go over them right now. Improving the ResultSet I had missed including all zeros in my sample set which was an overlook. Here is the new sample which includes all zero values as well. USE tempdb GO -- Create sample table CREATE TABLE Table1 (Col1 VARCHAR(100)) INSERT INTO Table1 (Col1) SELECT '0001' UNION ALL SELECT '000100' UNION ALL SELECT '100100' UNION ALL SELECT '000 0001' UNION ALL SELECT '00.001' UNION ALL SELECT '01.001' UNION ALL SELECT '0000' GO Now let us go over some of the fantastic solutions which we have received. Response from Rainmaker SELECT CASE PATINDEX('%[^0 ]%', Col1 + ' ‘') WHEN 0 THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(Col1, PATINDEX('%[^0 ]%', Col1 + ' '), LEN(Col1)) END FROM Table1 Response from Harsh Solution 1 SELECT SUBSTRING(Col1, PATINDEX('%[^0 ]%', Col1 + 'a'), LEN(Col1)) FROM Table1 Response from Harsh Solution 2 SELECT RIGHT(Col1, LEN(Col1)+1 -PATINDEX('%[^0 ]%', Col1 + 'a' )) FROM Table1 Response from lucazav SELECT T.Col1 , label = CAST( CAST(REPLACE(T.Col1, ' ', '') AS FLOAT) AS VARCHAR(10)) FROM Table1 AS T Response from iamAkashSingh SELECT REPLACE(LTRIM(REPLACE(col1,'0',' ')),' ','0') FROM table1 Here is the resultset of above scripts. It will remove any leading zero or space and will display the number accordingly. If you believe there is a better solution, please leave a comment. I am just glad to see so many various responses and all of them teach us something new. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Database in RESTORING State for Long Time

  - by Pinal Dave

  A very interesting question I received the other day. “Our database has been in restoring stage for a long time. We have already restored all the necessary files there. After restoring the files we are expecting that  the database will be in operational mode, however, it is continuously in the restoring mode. Any suggestion?” The question is very common. I sent user follow up emails to understand what is actually going on with the user. I realized after restoring their bak files and log files their database was in the restoring state because they had not restored the latest log file with RECOVERY options. As they had completed all the database restore sequence (bak and log in order), the real need for them was to recover the database from norecovery state. User can restore log files till the database is no recovery mode. If the database is recovered it will be in operation and it can continue database operation. If the database has another operations we cannot restore further log as the chain of the log file after the database is recovered is meaningless. This is the reason why the database has to be norecovery state when it is restored. There are three different ways to recover the database. 1) Recover the database manually with following command. RESTORE DATABASE database_name WITH RECOVERY 2) Recover the database with the last log file. RESTORE LOG database_name FROM backup_device WITH RECOVERY 3) Recover the database when bak is restored RESTORE DATABASE database_name FROM backup_device WITH RECOVERY To understand how the backup restores timeline works read Backup Timeline and Understanding of Database Restore Process in Full Recovery Model. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Backup and Restore, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Validating If Date is Last Day of the Year, Month or Day

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is one more question I recently received in an email- “Pinal, is there any ready made function which will display if the given date is the last day or the year, month or day? For example, if a date is the last day of the Year and last day of the month, I want to display Last Day of the Year and if a date is the last date of the month and last day of the week, I want to display the last day of the week. “ Well, very interesting question and there is no such function available for the same. However, here is the function I have written earlier for my personal use where I almost accomplish same task. -- Example of Year DECLARE @Day DATETIME SET @Day = '2014-12-31' SELECT CASE WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy,0,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,@Day)+1,0))) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofYear' WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(s,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,@Day)+1,0)) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofMonth' WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(s,-1,DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,@Day),0)) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofWeek' ELSE 'Day' END GO -- Example of Month DECLARE @Day DATETIME SET @Day = '2014-06-30' SELECT CASE WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy,0,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,@Day)+1,0))) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofYear' WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(s,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,@Day)+1,0)) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofMonth' WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(s,-1,DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,@Day),0)) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofWeek' ELSE 'Day' END GO -- Example of Month DECLARE @Day DATETIME SET @Day = '2014-05-04' SELECT CASE WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy,0,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,@Day)+1,0))) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofYear' WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(s,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,@Day)+1,0)) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofMonth' WHEN CAST(@Day AS DATE) = CAST(DATEADD(s,-1,DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,@Day),0)) AS DATE) THEN 'LastDayofWeek' ELSE 'Day' END GO Let me know if you know any other smarter trick and we can post it here with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DateTime, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• SQL SERVER – Two Puzzles – Answer and Win USD 25 Gift Card

  - by pinaldave

  Today I have two simple T-SQL Puzzle. You can answer them and win USD 25 Gift card. The gift card will be sent in email to winner. You will get choice of Gift Card brand based on your preference and country location. Puzzle 1: What will be the outcome and why? DECLARE @x REAL; SET @x = 9E-40 SELECT @x; The outcome here is obvious as I have used negative number in assignment. What is the reason behind the same? Puzzle 2: Why will be the outcome different from Puzzle 1: DECLARE @y REAL; SET @y = 9E+40 SELECT @y; The outcome of this puzzle very different from puzzle 1  as I have used positive number. There is number six (6) in the resultset why? Msg 232, Level 16, State 2, Line 2 Arithmetic overflow error for type real, value = 90000000000000006000000000000000000000000.000000. How to participate To win the Gift Card USD 25 you will have to answer both of the question on my Facebook page. If you are on twitter – you can increase the chance of winning by tweeting your participation. This contest is open for any one from any country. The winner will be selected Randomly. Winner will be announced on July 7, 2011. Related Post: SQLAuthority News – Monthly list of Puzzles and Solutions on SQLAuthority.com Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Technology

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• Where to Perform Authentication in REST API Server?

  - by David V

  I am working on a set of REST APIs that needs to be secured so that only authenticated calls will be performed. There will be multiple web apps to service these APIs. Is there a best-practice approach as to where the authentication should occur? I have thought of two possible places. Have each web app perform the authentication by using a shared authentication service. This seems to be in line with tools like Spring Security, which is configured at the web app level. Protect each web app with a "gateway" for security. In this approach, the web app never receives unauthenticated calls. This seems to be the approach of Apache HTTP Server Authentication. With this approach, would you use Apache or nginx to protect it, or something else in between Apache/nginx and your web app? For additional reference, the authentication is similar to services like AWS that have a non-secret identifier combined with a shared secret key. I am also considering using HMAC. Also, we are writing the web services in Java using Spring. Update: To clarify, each request needs to be authenticated with the identifier and secret key. This is similar to how AWS REST requests work.

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• SQL SERVER – Contest – Summary of 5 Day and Additional Information

  - by pinaldave

    I am overwhelmed with the response of our contest ran earlier this week. Every day we are giving away USD 198 worth give aways to readers in USA and India. If you have not participated so far, I encourage you to participate today itself. Here are links to our 5 day contest. The winner of the contest will be announced on August 20th. Query Hint – Contest Win Joes 2 Pros Combo (USD 198) – Day 1 of 5 Identity Fields – Contest Win Joes 2 Pros Combo (USD 198) – Day 2 of 5 Clustered Index and Primary Key – Contest Win Joes 2 Pros Combo (USD 198) – Day 3 of 5 Expanding Views – Contest Win Joes 2 Pros Combo (USD 198) – Day 4 of 5 Understanding XML – Contest Win Joes 2 Pros Combo (USD 198) – Day 5 of 5 Here are a few important notes related to the contest. A few people asked me what should they do as they have forgotten to mention their country in the response. Please resubmit with correct data, we will only consider latest entry from one person. What if you are not from the USA or India? Participate in the Bonus Quiz. Leave a comment for each of the questions above with your favorite article and you may be eligible for winning something cool. What if I am winner of two contests out of 5 contests? Well, in that case, we will send you one set of Combo Kit and Amazon Gift Card of USD 100 for another contest which you won. Can I exchange my kit with other stuff? No, if you do not want kit, give it to someone who needs it. Btw, I strongly suggest that you participate in the Bonus Quiz. There is something cool for everyone! Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)         Filed under: Database, DBA, Joes 2 Pros, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Select Columns from Stored Procedure Resultset

  - by Pinal Dave

  It is fun to go back to basics often. Here is the one classic question: “How to select columns from Stored Procedure Resultset?” Though Stored Procedure has been introduced many years ago, the question about retrieving columns from Stored Procedure is still very popular with beginners. Let us see the solution in quick steps. First we will create a sample stored procedure. CREATE PROCEDURE SampleSP AS SELECT 1 AS Col1, 2 AS Col2 UNION SELECT 11, 22 GO Now we will create a table where we will temporarily store the result set of stored procedures. We will be using INSERT INTO and EXEC command to retrieve the values and insert into temporary table. CREATE TABLE #TempTable (Col1 INT, Col2 INT) GO INSERT INTO #TempTable EXEC SampleSP GO Next we will retrieve our data from stored procedure. SELECT * FROM #TempTable GO Finally we will clean up all the objects which we have created. DROP TABLE #TempTable DROP PROCEDURE SampleSP GO Let me know if you want me to share such back to basic tips. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Stored Procedure, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• SQL SERVER – Function to Round Up Time to Nearest Minutes Interval

  - by pinaldave

  Though I have written more than 2300 blog posts, I always find things which I have not covered earlier in this blog post. Recently I was asked if I have written a function which rounds up or down the time based on the minute interval passed to it. Well, not earlier but it is here today. Here is a very simple example of how one can do the same. ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[RoundTime] (@Time DATETIME, @RoundToMin INT) RETURNS DATETIME AS BEGIN RETURN ROUND(CAST(CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR,@Time,121) AS DATETIME) AS FLOAT) * (1440/@RoundToMin),0)/(1440/@RoundToMin) END GO Above function needs two values. 1) The time which needs to be rounded up or down. 2) Time in minutes (the value passed here should be between 0 and 60 – if the value is incorrect the results will be incorrect.) Above function can be enhanced by adding functionalities like a) Validation of the parameters passed b) Accepting values like Quarter Hour, Half Hour etc. Here are few sample examples. SELECT dbo.roundtime1('17:29',30) SELECT dbo.roundtime1(GETDATE(),5) SELECT dbo.roundtime1('2012-11-02 07:27:07.000',15) When you run above code, it will return following results. Well, do you have any other way to achieve the same result? If yes, do share it here and I will be glad to share it on blog with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DateTime, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – First Month as DBA Trainee – Disasters and Recovery

  - by pinaldave

  This blog post is written in response to the T-SQL Tuesday hosted by Allen Kinsel. He has selected very interesting subject for T-SQL Tuesday – Disaster and Recovery. This subject took me in past – my past. There were various things, I had done or proposed when I started very first month as a DBA trainee. I was tagged along with very senior DBA in my organization who always protected me or correct my mistake. He was great guy and totally understand the young mind of over-enthusiastic Trainee DBA. I respect him very much. Here are few things which I had learned in my very first month (not necessarily I have practices them on production). Never compress (zip) native backup using any tools, when disaster happen sometime the extra time to un-compress the database can be too long and not acceptable for business SLA Do not truncate logs After restoring full database backup – only restore latest differential back, no need to restore all the backup Always write WHERE condition when deleting and updating Sr. DBA always advised me – always keep your résumé ready and car ready – you never know when you can not recover disaster! Well for sure it was a joke. Today’s T-SQL Tuesday remind me of my very first month as DBA trainee. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: About Me, Best Practices, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Technical Reference Guides for Designing Mission-Critical Solutions – A Must Read

  - by pinaldave

  Yesterday I was reading architecture reference material helping my friend who was looking for material in this respect. While working together we were searching twitter, facebook and search engines to find relevant material.While searching online we end up on very interactive reference point. Once I send the same to him, he replied he may not need anything more after referencing this material. The best part of this article was it gives access to various aspect of the technology of the image map. Here is the abstract of the original article from the site: The Technical Reference Guides for Designing Mission-Critical Solutions provide planning and architecture guidance for various mission-critical workloads deployed by users. These guides reflect the knowledge gained by Microsoft while working with customers on mission-critical deployments. Each guide provides not only the key technical concepts and information helpful for design, but also “lessons learned,” best practices, and references to customer case studies. Once you click on any of the desired topic, you will see further detailed image map of the selected topic. Personally once I ended up on this site, I was there for more than 2 hours clicking through various links. Click on image to see larger image Read more here: Technical Reference Guides for Designing Mission-Critical Solutions Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL White Papers, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Fix: Error: 8117: Operand data type bit is invalid for sum operator

  - by pinaldave

  Here is the very interesting error I received from a reader. He has very interesting question. He attempted to use BIT filed in the SUM aggregation function and he got following error. He went ahead with various different datatype (i.e. INT, TINYINT etc) and he was able to do the SUM but with BIT he faced the problem. Error Received: Msg 8117, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Operand data type bit is invalid for sum operator. Reproduction of the error: Set up the environment USE tempdb GO -- Preparing Sample Data CREATE TABLE TestTable (ID INT, Flag BIT) GO INSERT INTO TestTable (ID, Flag) SELECT 1, 0 UNION ALL SELECT 2, 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3, 0 UNION ALL SELECT 4, 1 GO SELECT * FROM TestTable GO Following script will work fine: -- This will work fine SELECT SUM(ID) FROM TestTable GO However following generate error: -- This will generate error SELECT SUM(Flag) FROM TestTable GO The workaround is to convert or cast the BIT to INT: -- Workaround of error SELECT SUM(CONVERT(INT, Flag)) FROM TestTable GO Clean up the setup -- Clean up DROP TABLE TestTable GO Workaround: As mentioned in above script the workaround is to covert the bit datatype to another friendly data types like INT, TINYINT etc. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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