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  • Encoding in python with lxml - complex solution

    - by Vojtech R.
    Hi, I need to download and parse webpage with lxml and build UTF-8 xml output. I thing schema in pseudocode is more illustrative: from lxml import etree webfile = urllib2.urlopen(url) root = etree.parse(webfile.read(), parser=etree.HTMLParser(recover=True)) txt = my_process_text(etree.tostring(root.xpath('/html/body'), encoding=utf8)) output = etree.Element("out") output.text = txt outputfile.write(etree.tostring(output, encoding=utf8)) So webfile can be in any encoding (lxml should handle this). Outputfile have to be in utf-8. I'm not sure where to use encoding/coding. Is this schema ok? (I cant find good tutorial about lxml and encoding, but I can find many problems with this...) I need robust approved solution so I ask you seniors. Many thanks

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  • Python SQLite: database is locked

    - by user322683
    I'm trying this code: import sqlite connection = sqlite.connect('cache.db') cur = connection.cursor() cur.execute('''create table item (id integer primary key, itemno text unique, scancode text, descr text, price real)''') connection.commit() cur.close() I'm catching this exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "cache_storage.py", line 7, in <module> scancode text, descr text, price real)''') File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/sqlite/main.py", line 237, in execute self.con._begin() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/sqlite/main.py", line 503, in _begin self.db.execute("BEGIN") _sqlite.OperationalError: database is locked Permissions for cache.db are ok. Any ideas?

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  • Common Pitfalls in Python

    - by Anurag Uniyal
    Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? Mutable default arguments Import modules always same way e.g. from y import x and import x are different things, they are treated as different modules. Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, the following will fail: myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange: `myIndexList == xrange(3)`. Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, use this instead: try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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  • Python fit polynomial, power law and exponential from data

    - by Nadir
    I have some data (x and y coordinates) coming from a study and I have to plot them and to find the best curve that fits data. My curves are: polynomial up to 6th degree; power law; and exponential. I am able to find the best fit for polynomial with while(i < 6): coefs, val = poly.polyfit(x, y, i, full=True) and I take the degree that minimizes val. When I have to fit a power law (the most probable in my study), I do not know how to do it correctly. This is what I have done. I have applied the log function to all x and y and I have tried to fit it with a linear polynomial. If the error (val) is lower than the others polynomial tried before, I have chosen the power law function. Am I correct? Now how can I reconstruct my power law starting from the line y = mx + q in order to draw it with the original points? I need also to display the function found. I have tried with: def power_law(x, m, q): return q * (x**m) using x_new = np.linspace(x[0], x[-1], num=len(x)*10) y1 = power_law(x_new, coefs[0], coefs[1]) popt, pcov = curve_fit(power_law, x_new, y1) but it seems not to work well.

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  • Documenting module/class/function bodies in python sphinx docs

    - by perrierism
    Is there a way with Sphinx documentation to output a function or class body (the code itself) with the autodoc feature? I'm using autodoc to much success. In addition to the docstrings getting pulled in to the documentation I want like a link to click for each function where it will show you the source... is that possible? This is about what most of my documentation looks like now: .. module:`foo.mymodule` Title =================== .. automodule:: foo.mymodule .. autoclass:: MyModulesClass :members: :undoc-members:

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  • Create a Python User() class that both creates new users and modifies existing users

    - by ensnare
    I'm trying to figure out the best way to create a class that can modify and create new users all in one. This is what I'm thinking: class User(object): def __init__(self,user_id): if user_id == -1 self.new_user = True else: self.new_user = False #fetch all records from db about user_id self._populateUser() def commit(self): if self.new_user: #Do INSERTs else: #Do UPDATEs def delete(self): if self.new_user == False: return False #Delete user code here def _populate(self): #Query self.user_id from database and #set all instance variables, e.g. #self.name = row['name'] def getFullName(self): return self.name #Create a new user >>u = User() >>u.name = 'Jason Martinez' >>u.password = 'linebreak' >>u.commit() >>print u.getFullName() >>Jason Martinez #Update existing user >>u = User(43) >>u.name = 'New Name Here' >>u.commit() >>print u.getFullName() >>New Name Here Is this a logical and clean way to do this? Is there a better way? Thanks.

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  • Using Tkinter in python to edit the title bar

    - by Dan
    I am trying to add a custom title to a window but I am having troubles with it. I know my code isn't right but when I run it, it creates 2 windows instead, one with just the title tk and another bigger window with "Simple Prog". How do I make it so that the tk window has the title "Simple Prog" instead of having a new additional window. I dont think I'm suppose to have the Tk() part because when i have that in my complete code, there's an error from tkinter import Tk, Button, Frame, Entry, END class ABC(Frame): def __init__(self,parent=None): Frame.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.pack() ABC.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): self.root = Tk() self.root.title("Simple Prog")

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  • Python Least-Squares Natural Splines

    - by Eldila
    I am trying to find a numerical package which will fit a natural which minimizes weighted least squares. There is a package in scipy which does what I want for unnatural splines. import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from scipy import interpolate import random x = np.arange(0,5,1.0/2) xs = np.arange(0,5,1.0/500) y = np.sin(x+1) for i in range(len(y)): y[i] += .2*random.random() - .1 knots = np.array([1,2,3,4]) tck = interpolate.splrep(x,y,s=1,k=3,t=knots,task=-1) ynew = interpolate.splev(xs,tck,der=0) plt.figure() plt.plot(xs,ynew,x,y,'x')

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  • Text-based game graphics in Python

    - by Jasper
    Hi, i'm pretty new 2 programming, and I'm creating a simple text-based game I'm wondering if there is a simple way to create my own terminal-type window with which I can place coloured input etc. Is there a graphics module well suited to this? I'm using Mac, but I would like it to work on Windows as well Thanks

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  • Python enumerate built-in error when using the start parameter

    - by TheJuice
    I'm modifying some code that calls enumerate on a list declared via a list comprehension e.g. self.groups = [Groups(self, idx) for idx in range(n_groups)] then later: for idx, group in enumerate(self.groups): # do some stuff but when I change the enumerate call to start at the 2nd list element via the start parameter e.g. for idx, group in enumerate(self.groups[1]): I get an exception: exceptions.TypeError: 'Group' object is not iterable Could someone explain why this is?

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  • Sending and receiving async over multiprocessing.Pipe() in Python

    - by dcolish
    I'm having some issues getting the Pipe.send to work in this code. What I would ultimately like to do is send and receive messages to and from the foreign process while its running in a fork. This is eventually going to be integrated into a pexpect loop for talking to interpreter processes. ` from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe def f(conn): cmd = '' if conn.poll(): cmd = conn.recv() i = 1 i += 1 conn.send([42 + i, cmd, 'hello']) if __name__ == '__main__': parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe() p = Process(target=f, args=(child_conn,)) p.start() from pdb import set_trace; set_trace() while parent_conn.poll(): print parent_conn.recv() # prints "[42, None, 'hello']" parent_conn.send('OHHAI') p.join() `

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  • In python, changing MySQL query based on function variables

    - by ensnare
    I'd like to be able to add a restriction to the query if user_id != None ... for example: "AND user_id = 5" but I am not sure how to add this into the below function? Thank you. def get(id, user_id=None): query = """SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE text LIKE %s AND id = %s """ values = (search_text, id) results = DB.get(query, values) This way I can call: get(5) get(5,103524234) (contains user_id restriction)

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  • Python - urllib2 & cookielib

    - by Adrian
    I am trying to open the following website and retrieve the initial cookie and use it for the second url-open BUT if you run the following code it outputs 2 different cookies. How do I use the initial cookie for the second url-open? import cookielib, urllib2 cj = cookielib.CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)) home = opener.open('https://www.idcourts.us/repository/start.do') print cj search = opener.open('https://www.idcourts.us/repository/partySearch.do') print cj Output shows 2 different cookies every time as you can see: <cookielib.CookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=0DEEE8331DE7D0DFDC22E860E065085F for www.idcourts.us/repository>]> <cookielib.CookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=E01C2BE8323632A32DA467F8A9B22A51 for www.idcourts.us/repository>]>

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  • Why can you reference an imported module using the importing module in python

    - by noam
    I am trying to understand why any import can be referenced using the importing module, e.g #module master.py import slave and then >>>import master >>>print master.slave gives <module 'slave' from 'C:\Documents and Settings....'> What is the purpose of the feature? I can see how it can be helpful in a package's __init__.py file, but nothing else. Is it a side effect of the fact that every import is added to the module's namespace and that the module's namespace is visible from the outside? If so, why didn't they make an exception with data imported from other modules (e.g don't show it as part of the module's namespace for other modules)?

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  • Python utf-8 decoding issue with hashlib.digest() method

    - by Sorw
    Hello StackOverflow community, Using Google App Engine, I wrote a keyToSha256() method within a model class (extending db.Model) : class Car(db.Model): def keyToSha256(self): keyhash = hashlib.sha256(str(self.key())).digest() return keyhash When displaying the output (ultimately within a Django template), I get garbled text, for example : ?????_??!`?I?!?;?QeqN??Al?'2 I was expecting something more in line with this : 9f86d081884c7d659a2feaa0c55ad015a3bf4f1b2b0b822cd15d6c15b0f00a08 Am I missing something important ? Despite reading several guides on ASCII, Unicode, utf-8 and the like, I think I'm still far from mastering the secrets of string encoding/decoding. After browsing StackOverflow and searching for insights via Google, I figured out I should ask the question here. Any idea ? Thanks !

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  • Decimal Base Conversion using PYTHON

    - by Butinyane More
    PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Given a decimal number, and a new base to represent it in. If the base is larger than 10, use capital letters for the digits(that is, A is 10, B is 11 and so forth). The decimal number given, and the new base, will both be integer values, separated by a space. The base to convert to will always be smaller than or equal to 30. Please create a program that will convert a decimal number to any base in this instance. When evaluating the program the sample input must something like: 18 2 and the program must output the following: 10010 Please i beg of you to send me a solution to this problem as soon as possible.

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  • Twisted Python getPage

    - by David Dixon II
    I tried to get support on this but I am TOTALLY confused. Here's my code: from twisted.internet import reactor from twisted.web.client import getPage from twisted.web.error import Error from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredList from sys import argv class GrabPage: def __init__(self, page): self.page = page def start(self, *args): if args == (): # We apparently don't need authentication for this d1 = getPage(self.page) else: if len(args) == 2: # We have our login information d1 = getPage(self.page, headers={"Authorization": " ".join(args)}) else: raise Exception('Missing parameters') d1.addCallback(self.pageCallback) dl = DeferredList([d1]) d1.addErrback(self.errorHandler) dl.addCallback(self.listCallback) def errorHandler(self,result): # Bad thingy! pass def pageCallback(self, result): return result def listCallback(self, result): print result a = GrabPage('http://www.google.com') data = a.start() # Not the HTML I wish to get the HTML out which is given to pageCallback when start() is called. This has been a pita for me. Ty! And sorry for my sucky coding.

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