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  • Python class variables not defined with called from outside module

    - by Jimmy
    I am having some issues with calling a function outside of a module. The scenario is I have a small class library that is using turtle to do some drawing, the function within the module calls the classes also within the module and draws things, etc. This all works fine and dandy when I call the function from within the same file, but if I have another file and call myLib.scene() I get variable undefined errors. Code examples: a class class Rectangle(object): def __init__(self, pen, height=100, width=100, fillcolor=''): self.pen = pen self.height = height self.width = width self.fillcolor = fillcolor def draw(self, x, y): '''draws the rectangle at coordinates x and y''' self.pen.goto(x, y) if self.fillcolor: self.pen.fillcolor(self.fillcolor) self.pen.fill(True) self.pen.down() for i in range(0,4): self.pen.forward(self.height if i%2 else self.width) self.pen.left(90) and the calling function is this def scene(pen): rect = Rectangle(pen) rect.draw(100,100) when I put the line scene(turtle.Turtle()) into the same file I have no issues, the rectangle is drawn and everyone goes home happy. However, if I try to call it from a separate python file like so: myLib.scene(turtle.Turtle()) I get an error: NameError: global name 'pen' is not defined, in the for loop of my draw method. Even if the line above is in the same file it still bombs out. What is going on?

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  • Automatically support new changes with Python.

    - by Zachary Brown
    I was working on a program,that I need to support new additions. Hmmm. Let me give you some background on the program. It is an educational software program that has quizzes for the user to take, just to gain odd knowledge. Now, It currently supports 6 subjects, all organized with directores on the HDD ( i.e. the Science directory is called science. ) and the way you launch the subject to see what quizzes you have to take is by pushing a button on the home screen. This sort of thing prevents easy subject additions. I want to be able to add a subject later on without having to recode the home screen and re organize all the buttons. I would use a Listbox and os.listdir(...), but I was kind of wanting something prettier than a Listbox. I am using Tkinter on Windows. The Python version I am using is 2.6 Is there a "fancy" listbox sort of thing that can be styled to work with the background?

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  • FancyURLOpener failing since moving to python 3.1.2

    - by Andrew Shepherd
    I had an application that was downloading a .CSV file from a password-protected website then processing it futher. I was using FancyURLOpener, and simply hardcoding the username and password. (Obviously, security is not a high priority in this particular instance). Since downloading Python 3.1.2, this code has stopped working. Does anyone know of the changes that have happened to the implementation? Here is a cut down version of the code: import urllib.request; class TracOpener (urllib.request.FancyURLopener) : def prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm) : return ('andrew_ee', '_my_unenctryped_password') csvUrl='http://mysite/report/19?format=csv@USER=fred_nukre' opener = TracOpener(); f = opener.open(csvUrl); s = f.read(); f.close(); s; For the sake of completeness, here's the entire call stack: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\reporting\download_csv_file.py", line 12, in <module> f = opener.open(csvUrl); File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1454, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1628, in open_http return self._open_generic_http(http.client.HTTPConnection, url, data) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1624, in _open_generic_http response.status, response.reason, response.msg, data) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1640, in http_error result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1878, in http_error_401 return getattr(self,name)(url, realm) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1950, in retry_http_basic_auth return self.open(newurl) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1454, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1628, in open_http return self._open_generic_http(http.client.HTTPConnection, url, data) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1590, in _open_generic_http auth = base64.b64encode(user_passwd).strip() File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\base64.py", line 56, in b64encode raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__) TypeError: expected bytes, not str

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  • Sorting HTML table (with anchor tags and data in cells) in Python

    - by AJ
    I have a necessity to sort a given HTML table of the following structure, in Python. <table> <tr> <td><a href="#">ABCD</a></td> <td>A23BND</td> <td><a title="ABCD">345345</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="#">EFG</a></td> <td>Add4D</td> <td><a title="EFG">3432</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="#">HG</a></td> <td>GJJ778</td> <td><a title="HG">2341333</td> </tr> </table> I am doing something like this: container = tree.findall("tr") strOut = "" data = [] for elem in container: key = elem.findtext(colName) data.append((key, elem)) data.sort() The problem is that it sorts by the text inside the . I want to be able to sort by the anchor value and not href. What can I do to achieve that? Thanks a lot.

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  • Efficient Context-Free Grammar parser, preferably Python-friendly

    - by Max Shawabkeh
    I am in need of parsing a small subset of English for one of my project, described as a context-free grammar with (1-level) feature structures (example) and I need to do it efficiently . Right now I'm using NLTK's parser which produces the right output but is very slow. For my grammar of ~450 fairly ambiguous non-lexicon rules and half a million lexical entries, parsing simple sentences can take anywhere from 2 to 30 seconds, depending it seems on the number of resulting trees. Lexical entries have little to no effect on performance. Another problem is that loading the (25MB) grammar+lexicon at the beginning can take up to a minute. From what I can find in literature, the running time of the algorithm used to parse such a grammar (Earley or CKY) should be linear to the size of the grammar and cubic to the size of the input token list. My experience with NLTK indicates that ambiguity is what hurts the performance most, not the absolute size of the grammar. So now I'm looking for a CFG parser to replace NLTK. I've been considering PLY but I can't tell whether it supports feature structures in CFGs, which are required in my case, and the examples I've seen seem to be doing a lot of procedural parsing rather than just specifying a grammar. Can anybody show me an example of PLY both supporting feature structs and using a declarative grammar? I'm also fine with any other parser that can do what I need efficiently. A Python interface is preferable but not absolutely necessary.

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  • python / sqlite - database locked despite large timeouts

    - by Chris Phillips
    Hi, I'm sure I'm missing something pretty obvious, but I can't for the life of me stop my pysqlite scripts crashing out with a database is locked error. I have two scripts, one to load data into the database, and one to read data out, but both will frequently, and instantly, crash depending on what the other is doing with the database at any given time. I've got the timeout on both scripts set to 30 seconds: cx = sqlite.connect("database.sql", timeout=30.0) and think I can see some evidence of the timeouts in that i get what appears to be a timing stamp (e.g 0.12343827e-06 0.1 - and how do I stop that being printed?) dumped occasionally in the middle of my curses formatted output screen, but no delay that ever gets remotely near the 30 second timeout, but still one of the other keeps crashing again and again from this. I'm running RHEL5.4 on a 64 bit 4 cpu HS21 IBM blade, and have heard some mention about issues about multi-threading and am not sure if this might be relevant. Packages in use are sqlite-3.3.6-5 and python-sqlite-1.1.7-1.2.1, and upgrading to newer versions outside of RedHat's official provisions is not a great option for me. Possible, but not desirable due to the environment in general. I have had autocommit=1 on previously on both scripts, but have since disabled on both, and am now cx.commit()ing on the inserting script and not committing on the select script. Ultimately as I only ever have one script actually making any modifications, I don't really see why this locking should ever ever happen. I have noticed that this is significantly worse over time when the database has gotten larger. It was recently at 13mb with 3 equal sized tables, which was about 1 day's worth of data. creating a new file has significantly improved this, which seems understandable, but the timeout ultimately just doesn't seem to be being obeyed. Any pointers very much appreciated. Thanks Chris

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  • Python TypeError: an integer is required

    - by kartiku
    import scipy,array def try_read_file(): def line_reader(lines): for l in lines: i = l.find('#') if i != -1: l = l[:i] l = l.strip() if l: yield l def column_counter(): inputer = (line.split() for line in line_reader(file('/home/kartik/Downloads/yahoo_dataset/set1.train.txt'.strip()))) loopexit = 0 for line in inputer: feature_tokens = (token.split(':') for token in line[6:]) feature_ids = array.array('I') for t in feature_tokens: feature_ids.append(int (t[0])) tmpLength = feature_ids[-1] print feature_ids loopexit = loopexit + 1 if loopexit > 0: break return tmpLength def line_counter(): inputer = (line.split() for line in line_reader(file('/home/kartik/Downloads/yahoo_dataset/set1.train.txt'.strip()))) noOfRows = 0 for line in inputer: noOfRows = noOfRows + 1 return noOfRows inputer = (line.split() for line in line_reader(file('/home/kartik/Downloads/yahoo_dataset/set1.train.txt'.strip()))) feature_id_list = [] feature_value_list = [] relevance_list = [] noOfRows = line_counter() noOfCols = column_counter() print noOfRows print noOfCols # line 52 #Create the feature array feature_array = scipy.zeros((noOfRows,noOfCols), float) rowCounter = 1; for line in inputer: feature_tokens = (token.split(':') for token in line[6:]) feature_ids = array.array('I') feature_values = array.array('f') for t in feature_tokens: feature_ids.append(int(t[0])) if (t[0]!=colCounter): feature_array[rowCounter,colCounter] = 0 else: feature_array[rowCounter,colCounter] = t[1] feature_values.append(float(t[1])) colCounter = colCounter + 1; label = float(line[0]) assert(line[1].startswith('qid:')) query_id = int(line[1][4:]) feature_id_list.append(feature_ids) feature_value_list.append(feature_values) relevance_list.append(label) rowCounter = rowCounter + 1; return feature_array Error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#97>", line 1, in <module> try_read_file() File "/home/kartik/Python/prelim_read.py", line 52, in try_read_file print noOfCols TypeError: an integer is required What is the problem, i couldn't figure it out? I tried to debug it, but it doesnt really go inside those methods. It gives me an address in place of those variables.

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  • Python: combining making two scripts into one

    - by Alex
    I have two separately made python scripts one that makes a sine wave sound based off time, and another that produces a sine wave graph that is based off the same time factors. I need help combining them into one running file. Here's the first: from struct import pack from math import sin, pi import time def au_file(name, freq, freq1, dur, vol): fout = open(name, 'wb') # header needs size, encoding=2, sampling_rate=8000, channel=1 fout.write('.snd' + pack('>5L', 24, 8*dur, 2, 8000, 1)) factor = 2 * pi * freq/8000 factor1 = 2 * pi * freq1/8000 # write data for seg in range(8 * dur): # sine wave calculations sin_seg = sin(seg * factor) + sin(seg * factor1) fout.write(pack('b', vol * 64 * sin_seg)) fout.close() t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis * 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim * 100 if __name__ == '__main__': au_file(name='timeSound.au', freq=tim, freq1=tis, dur=1000, vol=1.0) import os os.startfile('timeSound.au') and the second is this: from Tkinter import * import math import time t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis / 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim / 100 root = Tk() root.title("This very moment") width = 400 height = 300 center = height//2 x_increment = 1 # width stretch x_factor1 = tis x_factor2 = tim # height stretch y_amplitude = 50 c = Canvas(width=width, height=height, bg='black') c.pack() str1 = "sin(x)=white" c.create_text(10, 20, anchor=SW, text=str1) center_line = c.create_line(0, center, width, center, fill='red') # create the coordinate list for the sin() curve, have to be integers xy1 = [] xy2 = [] for x in range(400): # x coordinates xy1.append(x * x_increment) xy2.append(x * x_increment) # y coordinates xy1.append(int(math.sin(x * x_factor1) * y_amplitude) + center) xy2.append(int(math.sin(x * x_factor2) * y_amplitude) + center) sinS_line = c.create_line(xy1, fill='white') sinM_line = c.create_line(xy2, fill='yellow') root.mainloop()

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  • Unexpected Blank lines in python output

    - by Martlark
    I have a bit of code that runs through a dictionary and outputs the values from it in a CSV format. Strangely I'm getting a couple of blank lines where all the output of all of the dictionary entries is blank. I've read the code and can't understand has anything except lines with commas can be output. The blank line should have values in it, so extra \n is not the cause. Can anyone advise why I'd be getting blank lines? Other times I run the missing line appears. Missing line: 6415, 6469, -4.60, clerical, 2, ,,,joe,030193027org,joelj,030155640dup Using python 2.6.5 Bit of code: tfile = file(path, 'w') tfile.write('Rec_ID_A, Rec_ID_B, Weight, Assigned, Run, By, On, Comment\n') rec_num_a = 0 while (rec_num_a <= max_rec_num_a): try: value = self.dict['DA'+str(rec_num_a)] except: value = [0,0,0,'rejected'] if (value[3]!='rejected'): weightValue = "%0.2f" % value[2] line = value[0][1:] + ', ' + value[1][1:] + ', ' + weightValue \ + ', ' + str(value[3]) + ', ' + str(value[4]) if (len(value)>5): line = line + ', ' + value[5] + ',' + value[6] + ',' + value[7] (a_pkey, b_pkey) = self.derive_pkeys(value) line = line + a_pkey + b_pkey tfile.write( line + '\n') rec_num_a +=1 Sample output 6388, 2187, 76.50, clerical, 1, ,,,cameron,030187639org,cameron,030187639org 6398, 2103, 70.79, clerical, 1, ,,,caleb,030189225org,caldb,030189225dup 6402, 2205, 1.64, clerical, 2, ,,,jenna,030190334org,cameron,020305169dup 6409, 7892, 79.09, clerical, 1, ,,,liam,030191863org,liam,030191863org 6416, 11519, 79.09, clerical, 1, ,,,thomas,030193156org,thomas,030193156org 6417, 8854, 6.10, clerical, 2, ,,,ruby,030193713org,mia,020160397org 6421, 2864, -0.84, clerical, 2, ,,,kristin,030194394org,connou,020023478dup 6423, 413, 75.63, clerical, 1, ,,,adrian,030194795org,adriah,030194795dup

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  • Beginner problems with references to arrays in python 3.1.1

    - by Protean
    As part of the last assignment in a beginner python programing class, I have been assigned a traveling sales man problem. I settled on a recursive function to find each permutation and the sum of the distances between the destinations, however, I am have a lot of problems with references. Arrays in different instances of the Permute and Main functions of TSP seem to be pointing to the same reference. from math import sqrt class TSP: def __init__(self): self.CartisianCoordinates = [['A',[1,1]], ['B',[2,2]], ['C',[2,1]], ['D',[1,2]], ['E',[3,3]]] self.Array = [] self.Max = 0 self.StoredList = ['',0] def Distance(self, i1, i2): x1 = self.CartisianCoordinates[i1][1][0] y1 = self.CartisianCoordinates[i1][1][1] x2 = self.CartisianCoordinates[i2][1][0] y2 = self.CartisianCoordinates[i2][1][1] return sqrt(pow((x2 - x1), 2) + pow((y2 - y1), 2)) def Evaluate(self): temparray = [] Data = [] for i in range(len(self.CartisianCoordinates)): Data.append([]) for i1 in range(len(self.CartisianCoordinates)): for i2 in range(len(self.CartisianCoordinates)): if i1 != i2: temparray.append(self.Distance(i1, i2)) else: temparray.append('X') Data[i1] = temparray temparray = [] self.Array = Data self.Max = len(Data) def Permute(self,varray,index,vcarry,mcarry): #Problem Class array = varray[:] carry = vcarry[:] for i in range(self.Max): print ('ARRAY:', array) print (index,i,carry,array[index][i]) if array[index][i] != 'X': carry[0] += self.CartisianCoordinates[i][0] carry[1] += array[index][i] if len(carry) != self.Max: temparray = array[:] for j in range(self.Max):temparray[j][i] = 'X' index = i mcarry += self.Permute(temparray,index,carry,mcarry) else: return mcarry print ('pass',mcarry) return mcarry def Main(self): out = [] self.Evaluate() for i in range(self.Max): array = self.Array[:] #array appears to maintain the same reference after each copy, resulting in an incorrect array being passed to Permute after the first iteration. print (self.Array[:]) for j in range(self.Max):array[j][i] = 'X' print('I:', i, array) out.append(self.Permute(array,i,[str(self.CartisianCoordinates[i][0]),0],[])) return out SalesPerson = TSP() print(SalesPerson.Main()) It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide me with help in solving the reference problems I am having. Thank you.

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  • Newbie python error in regards to import

    - by TylerW
    Hello. I'm a python newbie and starting out with using the Bottle web framework on Google App Engine. I've been messing with the super small, super easy Hello World sample and have already ran into problems. Heh. I finally got the code to work with this... import bottle from bottle import route from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util @route('/hello') def hello(): return "Hello World!" util.run_wsgi_app(bottle.default_app()) My question is, I thought I could just go 'import bottle' without the second line. But if I take the second line out, I get a NameError. Or if I do 'from bottle import *', I still get the error. bottle is just a single file called 'bottle.py' in my site's root directory. So neither of these work.... import bottle from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util @route('/hello') def hello(): return "Hello World!" util.run_wsgi_app(bottle.default_app()) Or from bottle import * from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util @route('/hello') def hello(): return "Hello World!" util.run_wsgi_app(bottle.default_app()) The error message I get is... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 3180, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 3123, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 515, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2382, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2292, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2188, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.dict File "/Users/tyler/Dropbox/sites/dietgrid/code2.py", line 4, in @route('/hello') NameError: name 'route' is not defined So am I wrong in thinking it should be able to work the other ways or no?

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  • Bitbucket API authentication with Python's HTTPBasicAuthHandler

    - by jbochi
    I'm trying to get the list of issues on a private repository using bitbucket's API. I have confirmed that HTTP Basic authentication works with hurl, but I am unable to authenticate in Python. Adapting the code from this tutorial, I have written the following script. import cookielib import urllib2 class API(): api_url = 'http://api.bitbucket.org/1.0/' def __init__(self, username, password): self._opener = self._create_opener(username, password) def _create_opener(self, username, password): cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() cookie_handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj) password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() password_manager.add_password(None, self.api_url, username, password) auth_handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_handler, auth_handler) return opener def get_issues(self, username, repository): query_url = self.api_url + 'repositories/%s/%s/issues/' % (username, repository) try: handler = self._opener.open(query_url) except urllib2.HTTPError, e: print e.headers raise e return handler.read() api = API(username='my_username', password='XXXXXXXX') api.get_issues('my_username', 'my_repository') results in: >>> Server: nginx/0.7.62 Date: Mon, 19 Apr 2010 16:15:06 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Connection: close Vary: Authorization,Cookie Content-Length: 9 Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:/USERS/personal/bitbucket-burndown/bitbucket-api.py", line 29, in <module> print api.get_issues('my_username', 'my_repository') File "C:/USERS/personal/bitbucket-burndown/bitbucket-api.py", line 25, in get_issues raise e HTTPError: HTTP Error 401: UNAUTHORIZED api.get_issues('jespern', 'bitbucket') works like a charm. What's wrong with my code?

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  • Yahoo BOSS Python Library, ExpatError

    - by Wraith
    I tried to install the Yahoo BOSS mashup framework, but am having trouble running the examples provided. Examples 1, 2, 5, and 6 work, but 3 & 4 give Expat errors. Here is the output from ex3.py: gpython examples/ex3.py examples/ex3.py:33: Warning: 'as' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 Traceback (most recent call last): File "examples/ex3.py", line 27, in <module> digg = db.select(name="dg", udf=titlef, url="http://digg.com/rss_search?search=google+android&area=dig&type=both&section=news") File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/yos/yql/db.py", line 214, in select tb = create(name, data=data, url=url, keep_standards_prefix=keep_standards_prefix) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/yos/yql/db.py", line 201, in create return WebTable(name, d=rest.load(url), keep_standards_prefix=keep_standards_prefix) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/yos/crawl/rest.py", line 38, in load return xml2dict.fromstring(dl) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/yos/crawl/xml2dict.py", line 41, in fromstring t = ET.fromstring(s) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 963, in XML parser.feed(text) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1245, in feed self._parser.Parse(data, 0) xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError: syntax error: line 1, column 0 It looks like both examples are failing when trying to query Digg.com. Here is the query that is constructed in ex3.py's code: diggf = lambda r: {"title": r["title"]["value"], "diggs": int(r["diggCount"]["value"])} digg = db.select(name="dg", udf=diggf, url="http://digg.com/rss_search?search=google+android&area=dig&type=both&section=news") Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • GAE python database object design for simple list of values

    - by Joey
    I'm really new to database object design so please forgive any weirdness in my question. Basically, I am use Google AppEngine (Python) and contructing an object to track user info. One of these pieces of data is 40 Achievement scores. Do I make a list of ints in the User object for this? Or do I make a separate entity with my user id, the achievement index (0-39) and the score and then do a query to grab these 40 items every time I want to get the user data in total? The latter approach seems more object oriented to me, and certainly better if I extend it to have more than just scores for these 40 achievements. However, considering that I might not extend it, should I even consider just doing a simple list of 40 ints in my user data? I would then forgo doing a query, getting the sorted list of achievements, reading the score from each one just to process a response etc. Is doing this latter approach just such a common practice and hand-waved as not even worth batting an eyelash at in terms of thinking it might be more costly or complex processing wise?

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  • Using the groupby method in Python, example included

    - by randombits
    Trying to work with groupby so that I can group together files that were created on the same day. When I say same day in this case, I mean the dd part in mm/dd/yyyy. So if a file was created on March 1 and April 1, they should be grouped together because the "1" matches. Here's the code I have so far: #!/usr/bin/python import os import datetime from itertools import groupby def created_ymd(fn): ts = os.stat(fn).st_ctime dt = datetime.date.fromtimestamp(ts) return dt.year, dt.month, dt.day def get_files(): files = [] for f in os.listdir(os.getcwd()): if not os.path.isfile(f): continue y,m,d = created_ymd(f) files.append((f, d)) return files files = get_files() for key, group in groupby(files, lambda x: x[1]): for file in group: print "file: %s, date: %s" % (file[0], key) print " " The problem is, I get lots of files that get grouped together based on the day. But then I'll see multiple groups with the same day. Meaning I might have 4 files grouped that were created on the 17th. Later on I'll see another unique set of 2 files that are also created on the 17th. Where am I going wrong?

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  • Django | Python creating a JSON response

    - by MMRUser
    Hi, I'm trying to convert a server side AJAX response script in to an Django HttpResponse, but apparently it's not working. This is the server-side script /* RECEIVE VALUE */ $validateValue=$_POST['validateValue']; $validateId=$_POST['validateId']; $validateError=$_POST['validateError']; /* RETURN VALUE */ $arrayToJs = array(); $arrayToJs[0] = $validateId; $arrayToJs[1] = $validateError; if($validateValue =="Testuser"){ // validate?? $arrayToJs[2] = "true"; // RETURN TRUE echo '{"jsonValidateReturn":'.json_encode($arrayToJs).'}'; // RETURN ARRAY WITH success }else{ for($x=0;$x<1000000;$x++){ if($x == 990000){ $arrayToJs[2] = "false"; echo '{"jsonValidateReturn":'.json_encode($arrayToJs).'}'; // RETURN ARRAY WITH ERROR } } } And this is the converted code def validate_user(request): if request.method == 'POST': vld_value = request.POST.get('validateValue') vld_id = request.POST.get('validateId') vld_error = request.POST.get('validateError') array_to_js = [vld_id, vld_error, False] if vld_value == "TestUser": array_to_js[2] = True x = simplejson.dumps(array_to_js) return HttpResponse(x) else: array_to_js[2] = False x = simplejson.dumps(array_to_js) test = 'Error' return render_to_response('index.html',{'error':error},context_instance=RequestContext(request)) return render_to_response('index.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request)) I'm using simplejson to encode the Python list (so it will return a json array).Coudn't figure out the problem yet.But I think that I did something wrong about the 'echo'. Anyway I'm expecting an good answer it will help me a lot. Thanks.

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  • python: how to design a container with elements that must reference their container

    - by Luke404
    (the title is admittedly not that great. Please forgive my English, this is the best I could think of) I'm writing a python script that will manage email domains and their accounts, and I'm also a newby at OOP design. My two (related?) issues are: the Domain class must do special work to add and remove accounts, like adding/removing them to the underlying implementation how to manage operations on accounts that must go through their container To solve the former issue I'd add a factory method to the Domain class that'll build an Account instance in that domain, and a 'remove' (anti-factory?) method to handle deletions. For the latter this seems to me "anti-oop" since what would logically be an operation on an Account (eg, change password) must always reference the containing Domain. Seems to me that I must add to the Account a reference back to the Domain and use that to get data (like the domain name) or call methods on the Domain class. Code example (element uses data from the container) that manages an underlying Vpopmail system: class Account: def __init__(self, name, password, domain): self.name = name self.password = password self.domain = domain def set_password(self, password): os.system('vpasswd %s@%s %s' % (self.name, self.domain.name, password) self.password = password class Domain: def __init__(self, domain_name): self.name = domain_name self.accounts = {} def create_account(self, name, password): os.system('vadduser %s@%s %s' % (name, self.name, password)) account = Account(name, password, self) self.accounts[name] = account def delete_account(self, name): os.system('vdeluser %s@%s' % (name, self.name)) del self.accounts[name] another option would be for Account.set_password to call a Domain method that would do the actual work - sounds equally ugly to me. Also note the duplication of data (account name also as dict key), it sounds logical (account names are "primary key" inside a domain) but accounts need to know their own name.

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  • Writing to a file in Python inserts null bytes

    - by Javier Badia
    I'm writing a todo list program. It keeps a file with a thing to do per line, and lets the user add or delete items. The problem is that for some reason, I end up with a lot of zero bytes at the start of the file, even though the item is correctly deleted. I'll show you a couple of screenshots to make sure I'm making myself clear. This is the file in Notepad++ before running the program: This is the file after deleting item 3 (counting from 1): This is the relevant code. The actual program is bigger, but running just this part triggers the error. import os TODO_FILE = r"E:\javi\code\Python\todo-list\src\todo.txt" def del_elems(f, delete): """Takes an open file and either a number or a list of numbers, and deletes the lines corresponding to those numbers (counting from 1).""" if isinstance(delete, int): delete = [delete] lines = f.readlines() f.truncate(0) counter = 1 for line in lines: if counter not in delete: f.write(line) counter += 1 f = open(TODO_FILE, "r+") del_elems(f, 3) f.close() Could you please point out where's the mistake?

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  • Doctesting functions that receive and display user input - Python (tearing my hair out)

    - by GlenCrawford
    Howdy! I am currently writing a small application with Python (3.1), and like a good little boy, I am doctesting as I go. However, I've come across a method that I can't seem to doctest. It contains an input(), an because of that, I'm not entirely sure what to place in the "expecting" portion of the doctest. Example code to illustrate my problem follows: """ >>> getFiveNums() Howdy. Please enter five numbers, hit <enter> after each one Please type in a number: Please type in a number: Please type in a number: Please type in a number: Please type in a number: """ import doctest numbers = list() # stores 5 user-entered numbers (strings, for now) in a list def getFiveNums(): print("Howdy. Please enter five numbers, hit <enter> after each one") for i in range(5): newNum = input("Please type in a number:") numbers.append(newNum) print("Here are your numbers: ", numbers) if __name__ == "__main__": doctest.testmod(verbose=True) When running the doctests, the program stops executing immediately after printing the "Expecting" section, waits for me to enter five numbers one after another (without prompts), and then continues. As shown below: I don't know what, if anything, I can place in the Expecting section of my doctest to be able to test a method that receives and then displays user input. So my question (finally) is, is this function doctestable?

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  • Python, dictionaries, and chi-square contingency table

    - by rohanbk
    I have a file which contains several lines in the following format (word, time that the word occurred in, and frequency of documents containing the given word within the given instance in time): #inputfile <word, time, frequency> apple, 1, 3 banana, 1, 2 apple, 2, 1 banana, 2, 4 orange, 3, 1 I have Python class below that I used to create 2-D dictionaries to store the above file using as the key, and frequency as the value: class Ddict(dict): ''' 2D dictionary class ''' def __init__(self, default=None): self.default = default def __getitem__(self, key): if not self.has_key(key): self[key] = self.default() return dict.__getitem__(self, key) wordtime=Ddict(dict) # Store each inputfile entry with a <word,time> key timeword=Ddict(dict) # Store each inputfile entry with a <time,word> key # Loop over every line of the inputfile for line in open('inputfile'): word,time,count=line.split(',') # If <word,time> already a key, increment count try: wordtime[word][time]+=count # Otherwise, create the key except KeyError: wordtime[word][time]=count # If <time,word> already a key, increment count try: timeword[time][word]+=count # Otherwise, create the key except KeyError: timeword[time][word]=count The question that I have pertains to calculating certain things while iterating over the entries in this 2D dictionary. For each word 'w' at each time 't', calculate: The number of documents with word 'w' within time 't'. (a) The number of documents without word 'w' within time 't'. (b) The number of documents with word 'w' outside time 't'. (c) The number of documents without word 'w' outside time 't'. (d) Each of the items above represents one of the cells of a chi-square contingency table for each word and time. Can all of these be calculated within a single loop or do they need to be done one at a time? Ideally, I would like the output to be what's below, where a,b,c,d are all the items calculated above: print "%s, %s, %s, %s" %(a,b,c,d)

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  • Passing custom Python objects to nosetests

    - by Rob
    I am attempting to re-organize our test libraries for automation and nose seems really promising. My question is, what is the best strategy for passing Python objects into nose tests? Our tests are organized in a testlib with a bunch of modules that exercise different types of request operations. Something like this: testlib \-testmoda \-testmodb \-testmodc In some cases the test modules (i.e. testmoda) is nothing but test_something(), test_something2() functions while in some cases we have a TestModB class in testmob with the test_anotherthing1(), test_anotherthing2() functions. The cool thing is that nose easily finds both. Most of those test functions are request factory stuff that can easily share a single connection to our server farm. Thus we do a lot of test_something1(cnn), TestModB.test_anotherthing2(cnn), etc. Currently we don't use nose, instead we have a hodge-podge of homegrown driver scripts with hard-coded lists of tests to execute. Each of those driver scripts creates its own connection object. Maintaining those scripts and the connection minutia is painful. I'd like to take free advantage of nose's beautiful discovery functionality, passing in a connection object of my choosing. Thanks in advance! Rob P.S. The connection objects are not pickle-able. :(

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  • xmlrpc client call in python does not come back

    - by Jack Ha
    Using Python 2.6.4, windows With the following script I want to test a certain xmlrpc server. I call a non-existent function and hope for a traceback with an error. Instead, the function does not return. What could be the cause? import xmlrpclib s = xmlrpclib.Server("http://127.0.0.1:80", verbose=True) s.functioncall() The output is: send: 'POST /RPC2 HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:80\r\nUser-Agent: xmlrpclib.py/1.0 .1 (by www.pythonware.com)\r\nContent-Type: text/xml\r\nContent-Length: 106\r\n\ r\n' send: "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n<methodCall>\n<methodName>functioncall</methodName >\n<params>\n</params>\n</methodCall>\n" reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n' header: Content-Type: text/xml header: Cache-Control: no-cache header: Content-Length: 376 header: Date: Tue, 30 Mar 2010 13:27:21 GMT body: '<?xml version="1.0"?>\r\n<methodResponse>\r\n<fault>\r\n<value>\r\n<struc t>\r\n<member>\r\n<name>faultCode</name>\r\n<value><i4>1</i4></value>\r\n</membe r>\r\n<member>\r\n<name>faultString</name>\r\n<value><string>PVSS00ctrl (2), 2 010.03.30 15:27:21.395, CTRL, SEVERE, 72, Function not defined, functioncall , , \n</string></value>\r\n</member>\r\n</struct>\r\n</value>\r\n</fault>\r\n</m ethodResponse>\r\n' (here the program hangs and does not return until I kill the server) edit: the server is written in c++, using its own xmlrpc library

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  • python scritp problem once build and package it

    - by Apache
    hi expert, i've written python script to scan wifi and send data to the server, i set interval value, so it keep on scanning and send the data, it read from config.txt file where i set the interval value to scan, i also add yes/no in my config file, so is 'no' it will scan only once and if 'yes' it will scan according to the interval level, my code as below import time,..... from threading import Event, Thread class RepeatTimer(Thread): def __init__(self, interval, function, iterations=0, args=[], kwargs={}): Thread.__init__(self) self.interval = interval self.function = function self.iterations = iterations self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs self.finished = Event() def run(self): count = 0 while not self.finished.is_set() and (self.iterations <= 0 or count < self.iterations): self.finished.wait(self.interval) if not self.finished.is_set(): self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs) count += 1 def cancel(self): self.finished.set() def scanWifi(self): #scanning process and sending data done here obj = JW() if status == "yes": t = RepeatTimer(int(intervalTime),obj.scanWifi) t.start() else: obj.scanWifi() once i package my code, its only run when i set my config file set to 'no' where it scan only once, but when i set my config file to 'yes', there is no progress at all, so i found that there is problem with my class RepeatTimer(Timer) once build, but don't know how to solve can anyone help me thanks

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  • Python Locking Implementation (with threading module)

    - by Matty
    This is probably a rudimentary question, but I'm new to threaded programming in Python and am not entirely sure what the correct practice is. Should I be creating a single lock object (either globally or being passed around) and using that everywhere that I need to do locking? Or, should I be creating multiple lock instances in each of the classes where I will be employing them. Take these 2 rudimentary code samples, which direction is best to go? The main difference being that a single lock instance is used in both class A and B in the second, while multiple instances are used in the first. Sample 1 class A(): def __init__(self, theList): self.theList = theList self.lock = threading.Lock() def poll(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.append(something) finally: self.lock.release() class B(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,theList): self.theList = theList self.lock = threading.Lock() self.start() def run(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.remove(something) finally: self.lock.release() if __name__ == "__main__": aList = [] for x in range(10): B(aList) A(aList).poll() Sample 2 class A(): def __init__(self, theList,lock): self.theList = theList self.lock = lock def poll(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.append(something) finally: self.lock.release() class B(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,theList,lock): self.theList = theList self.lock = lock self.start() def run(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.remove(something) finally: self.lock.release() if __name__ == "__main__": lock = threading.Lock() aList = [] for x in range(10): B(aList,lock) A(aList,lock).poll()

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  • Python and MySQLdb

    - by rohanbk
    I have the following query that I'm executing using a Python script (by using the MySQLdb module). conn=MySQLdb.connect (host = "localhost", user = "root",passwd = "<password>",db = "test") cursor = conn.cursor () preamble='set @radius=%s; set @o_lat=%s; set @o_lon=%s; '%(radius,latitude,longitude) query='SELECT *, 6371*1000 * acos(cos(radians(@o_lat)) * cos(radians(lat)) * cos(radians(lon) - radians(@o_lon)) + sin(radians(@o_lat)) * sin(radians(lat))) as distance FROM poi_table HAVING distance < @radius ORDER BY distance ASC LIMIT 0, 50' complete_query=preamble+query results=cursor.execute (complete_query) print results The values of radius, latitude, and longitude are not important, but they are being defined when the script executes. What bothers me is that the snippet of code above returns no results; essentially meaning that the way that the query is being executed is wonky. I executed the SQL query (including the set variables with actual values, and it returned the correct number of results). If I modify the query to just be a simple SELECT FROM query (SELECT * FROM poi_table) it returns results. What is going on here?

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